ANNEX

DIRECTIVE 96/48/EC — INTEROPERABILITY OF THE TRANS-EUROPEAN HIGH SPEED RAIL SYSTEM

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR INTEROPERABILITY

‘Rolling stock’ Sub-System

1.

INTRODUCTION

146

1.1.

Technical scope

146

1.2.

Geographical scope

146

1.3.

Content of this TSI

146

2.

DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROLLING STOCK SUBSYSTEM

147

2.1.

Subsystem Description

147

2.2.

Functions and aspects of the rolling stock subsystem

147

3.

ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

147

3.1.

General

147

3.2.

The essential requirements relate to

148

3.3.

General requirements

148

3.3.1.

Safety

148

3.3.2.

Reliability and availability

150

3.3.3.

Health requirements

151

3.3.4.

Protection of the environment

151

3.3.5.

Technical compatibility

152

3.4.

Requirements specific to the rolling stock subsystem

153

3.4.1.

Safety

153

3.4.2.

Reliability and availability

154

3.4.3.

Technical compatibility

155

3.5.

Requirements specific to maintenance

156

3.6.

Other requirements also concerning the rolling stock subsystem

157

3.6.1.

Infrastructure

157

3.6.2.

Energy

157

3.6.3.

Control-command and signalling

158

3.6.4.

Environment

158

3.6.5.

Operation

159

3.7.

Elements of the rolling stock subsystem related to the essential requirements

160

4.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBSYSTEM

162

4.1.

Introduction

162

4.2.

Functional and technical specification of the subsystem

163

4.2.1.

General

163

4.2.1.1.

Introduction

163

4.2.1.2.

Design of trains

164

4.2.2.

Structure and mechanical parts

165

4.2.2.1.

General

165

4.2.2.2.

End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains

166

4.2.2.2.1.

Subsystem requirements

166

4.2.2.2.2.

Interoperability constituent requirements

166

4.2.2.2.2.1.

Automatic centre buffer coupler

166

4.2.2.2.2.2.

Buffing and draw gear components

166

4.2.2.2.2.3.

Towing coupler for recovery and rescue

166

4.2.2.3.

Strength of vehicle structure

166

4.2.2.3.1.

General description

166

4.2.2.3.2.

Principles (functional requirements)

167

4.2.2.3.3.

Specifications (simple load cases and design collision scenarios)

167

4.2.2.4.

Access

167

4.2.2.4.1.

Passenger step

167

4.2.2.4.2.

External access door

168

4.2.2.4.2.1.

Passenger access doors

168

4.2.2.4.2.2.

Doors for freight use and for use of the train crew

169

4.2.2.5.

Toilets

169

4.2.2.6.

Driver's cab

169

4.2.2.7.

Windscreen and front of the train

170

4.2.2.8.

Storage facilities for use by staff

170

4.2.2.9.

External steps for use by shunting staff

171

4.2.3.

Track interaction and gauging

171

4.2.3.1.

Kinematic gauge

171

4.2.3.2.

Static axle load

171

4.2.3.3.

Rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems

172

4.2.3.3.1.

Electrical resistance

172

4.2.3.3.2.

Axle bearing health monitoring

172

4.2.3.3.2.1.

Class 1 trains

172

4.2.3.3.2.2.

Class 2 trains

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.

Hot axle box detection for Class 2 trains

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.1.

General

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.2.

Functional requirements for the vehicle

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.3.

Transverse dimensions and height above rail level of the target area

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.4.

Longitudinal dimension of the target area

173

4.2.3.3.2.3.5.

Limit criteria outside of the target area

174

4.2.3.3.2.3.6.

Emissivity

174

4.2.3.4.

Rolling stock dynamic behaviour

175

4.2.3.4.1.

General

175

4.2.3.4.2.

Limit values for running safety

176

4.2.3.4.3.

Track loading limit values

177

4.2.3.4.4.

Wheel/rail interface

178

4.2.3.4.5.

Design for vehicle stability

178

4.2.3.4.6.

Definition of equivalent conicity

178

4.2.3.4.7.

Design values for wheel profiles

179

4.2.3.4.8.

In service values of equivalent conicity

179

4.2.3.4.9.

Wheelsets

180

4.2.3.4.9.1.

Wheelsets

180

4.2.3.4.9.2.

Interoperability Constituent Wheels

180

4.2.3.4.10.

Specific requirements for vehicles with independently rotating wheels

181

4.2.3.4.11.

Detection of derailments

181

4.2.3.5.

Maximum train length

181

4.2.3.6.

Maximum gradients

181

4.2.3.7.

Minimum curve radius

182

4.2.3.8.

Flange lubrication

182

4.2.3.9.

Suspension coefficient

182

4.2.3.10.

Sanding

182

4.2.3.11.

Ballast pick up

182

4.2.4.

Braking

182

4.2.4.1.

Minimum braking performance

182

4.2.4.2.

Brake wheel/rail adhesion demand limits

184

4.2.4.3.

Brake system requirements

185

4.2.4.4.

Service braking performance

186

4.2.4.5.

Eddy current brakes

186

4.2.4.6.

Protection of an immobilised train

187

4.2.4.7.

Brake performance on steep gradients

187

4.2.4.8.

Brake requirements for rescue purposes

187

4.2.5.

Passenger information and communication

188

4.2.5.1.

Public address system

188

4.2.5.2.

Passenger information signs

188

4.2.5.3.

Passenger alarm

188

4.2.6.

Environmental conditions

189

4.2.6.1.

Environmental conditions

189

4.2.6.2.

Train aerodynamic loads in open air

189

4.2.6.2.1.

Aerodynamic loads on track workers at the lineside

189

4.2.6.2.2.

Aerodynamic loads on passengers on a platform

190

4.2.6.2.3.

Pressure loads in open air

192

4.2.6.3.

Crosswind

193

4.2.6.4.

Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

195

4.2.6.5.

Exterior noise

196

4.2.6.5.1.

Introduction

196

4.2.6.5.2.

Limits for stationary noise

197

4.2.6.5.3.

Limits for starting noise

197

4.2.6.5.4.

Limits for pass-by noise

198

4.2.6.6.

Exterior electromagnetic interference

198

4.2.6.6.1.

Interference generated on the signalling system and the telecommunications network:

198

4.2.6.6.2.

Electromagnetic interference:

198

4.2.7.

System protection

199

4.2.7.1.

Emergency exits

199

4.2.7.1.1.

Passengers’ emergency exits

199

4.2.7.1.2.

Driver's cab emergency exits

199

4.2.7.2.

Fire safety

199

4.2.7.2.1.

Introduction

200

4.2.7.2.2.

Measures to prevent fire

200

4.2.7.2.3.

Measures to detect/control fire

200

4.2.7.2.3.1.

Fire detection

200

4.2.7.2.3.2.

Fire extinguisher

201

4.2.7.2.3.3.

Fire resistance

201

4.2.7.2.4.

Additional measures to improve running capability

201

4.2.7.2.4.1.

Trains of all categories of fire safety

201

4.2.7.2.4.2.

Category B fire safety

202

4.2.7.2.5.

Specific measures for tanks containing flammable liquids

202

4.2.7.2.5.1.

General

202

4.2.7.2.5.2.

Specific requirements for fuel tanks

203

4.2.7.3.

Protection against electric shock

204

4.2.7.4.

External lights and horn

204

4.2.7.4.1.

Front and rear lights

204

4.2.7.4.1.1.

Head lights

204

4.2.7.4.1.2.

Marker lights

204

4.2.7.4.1.3.

Tail lights

205

4.2.7.4.1.4.

Lamp controls

205

4.2.7.4.2.

Horns

205

4.2.7.4.2.1.

General

205

4.2.7.4.2.2.

Warning horn sound pressure levels

206

4.2.7.4.2.3.

Protection

206

4.2.7.4.2.4.

Verification of sound pressure levels

206

4.2.7.4.2.5.

Interoperability constituent requirements

207

4.2.7.5.

Lifting/rescue procedures

207

4.2.7.6.

Interior noise

207

4.2.7.7.

Air conditioning

208

4.2.7.8.

Driver's vigilance device

208

4.2.7.9.

Control-command and signalling system

208

4.2.7.9.1.

General

208

4.2.7.9.2.

Wheelset location

209

4.2.7.9.3.

Wheels

209

4.2.7.10.

Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

209

4.2.7.11.

Particular specification for tunnels

210

4.2.7.11.1.

Passenger and train crew areas equipped with air conditioning

210

4.2.7.11.2.

Public address system

210

4.2.7.12.

Emergency lighting system

210

4.2.7.13.

Software

210

4.2.7.14.

Driver-Machine-Interface (DMI)

210

4.2.7.15.

Vehicle identification

210

4.2.8.

Traction and electrical equipment

210

4.2.8.1.

Traction performance requirements

210

4.2.8.2.

Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements

211

4.2.8.3.

Functional and technical specification related to the electric power supply

211

4.2.8.3.1.

Voltage and frequency of the power supply

212

4.2.8.3.1.1.

Power supply

212

4.2.8.3.1.2.

Energy recuperation

212

4.2.8.3.2.

Maximum power and maximum current that is permissible to draw from the overhead contact line

212

4.2.8.3.3.

Power factor

212

4.2.8.3.4.

System energy disturbances

212

4.2.8.3.4.1.

Harmonic characteristics and related over-voltages on the overhead contact line

212

4.2.8.3.4.2.

Effects of DC content in AC supply

212

4.2.8.3.5.

Energy consumption measuring devices

212

4.2.8.3.6.

Rolling stock subsystem requirements linked to pantographs

213

4.2.8.3.6.1.

Pantograph contact force

213

4.2.8.3.6.2.

Arrangement of pantographs

214

4.2.8.3.6.3.

Insulation of pantograph from the vehicle

214

4.2.8.3.6.4.

Pantograph lowering

215

4.2.8.3.6.5.

Quality of current collection

215

4.2.8.3.6.6.

Electrical protection coordination

215

4.2.8.3.6.7.

Running through phase separation sections

215

4.2.8.3.6.8.

Running through system separation sections

215

4.2.8.3.6.9.

Height of pantographs

216

4.2.8.3.7.

Interoperability constituent pantograph

216

4.2.8.3.7.1.

Overall design

216

4.2.8.3.7.2.

Pantograph head geometry

216

4.2.8.3.7.3.

Pantograph static contact force

217

4.2.8.3.7.4.

Working range of pantographs

217

4.2.8.3.7.5.

Current capacity

217

4.2.8.3.8.

Interoperability constituent contact strip

217

4.2.8.3.8.1.

General

217

4.2.8.3.8.2.

Contact strip geometry

217

4.2.8.3.8.3.

Material

217

4.2.8.3.8.4.

Detection of contact strip breakage

217

4.2.8.3.8.5.

Current capacity

218

4.2.8.3.9.

Interfaces with electrification system

218

4.2.8.3.10.

Interfaces with control-command and signalling subsystem

218

4.2.9.

Servicing

219

4.2.9.1.

General

219

4.2.9.2.

Train external cleaning facilities

219

4.2.9.3.

Toilet discharge system

219

4.2.9.3.1.

On board discharge system

219

4.2.9.3.2.

Mobile discharge trolleys

219

4.2.9.4.

Train interior cleaning

220

4.2.9.4.1.

General

220

4.2.9.4.2.

Electrical sockets

220

4.2.9.5.

Water restocking equipment

220

4.2.9.5.1.

General

220

4.2.9.5.2.

Water filling adapter

220

4.2.9.6.

Sand restocking equipment

220

4.2.9.7.

Special requirements for stabling of trains

221

4.2.9.8.

Refuelling equipment

221

4.2.10.

Maintenance

221

4.2.10.1.

Responsibilities

221

4.2.10.2.

The maintenance file

221

4.2.10.2.1.

The maintenance design justification file

221

4.2.10.2.2.

The Maintenance Documentation

222

4.2.10.3.

Management of the maintenance file.

223

4.2.10.4.

Management of maintenance information.

224

4.2.10.5.

Implementation of the maintenance

225

4.3.

Functional and technical specification of the interfaces

225

4.3.1.

General

225

4.3.2.

Infrastructure subsystem

228

4.3.2.1.

Access

228

4.3.2.2.

Driver's cab

228

4.3.2.3.

Kinematic gauge

229

4.3.2.4.

Static axle load

229

4.3.2.5.

Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

229

4.3.2.6.

Rolling stock dynamic behaviour and wheel profiles

229

4.3.2.7.

Maximum train length

229

4.3.2.8.

Maximum gradients

229

4.3.2.9.

Minimum curve radius

229

4.3.2.10.

Flange lubrication

229

4.3.2.11.

Ballast pick up

229

4.3.2.12.

Eddy current brake

229

4.3.2.13.

Brake performance on steep gradients

230

4.3.2.14.

Passenger alarm

230

4.3.2.15.

Environmental conditions

230

4.3.2.16.

Train aerodynamic loads in open air

230

4.3.2.17.

Crosswind

230

4.3.2.18.

Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

230

4.3.2.19.

Exterior noise

230

4.3.2.20.

Fire safety

230

4.3.2.21.

Head lights

230

4.3.2.22.

Particular specification for tunnels

230

4.3.2.23.

Servicing

231

4.3.2.24.

Maintenance

231

4.3.3.

Energy subsystem

231

4.3.3.1.

Reserved

231

4.3.3.2.

Brake system requirements

231

4.3.3.3.

Exterior electromagnetic interference

231

4.3.3.4.

Head lights

231

4.3.3.5.

Functional and technical specification related to power supply

231

4.3.4.

Control-Command and Signalling Subsystem

231

4.3.4.1.

Driver's cab

231

4.3.4.2.

Windscreen and front of the train

231

4.3.4.3.

Static axle load

232

4.3.4.4.

Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

232

4.3.4.5.

Sanding

232

4.3.4.6.

Braking performance

232

4.3.4.7.

Electromagnetic interference

232

4.3.4.8.

Control-command and signalling system

232

4.3.4.9.

Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

233

4.3.4.10.

Particular specification for tunnels

234

4.3.4.11.

Functional and technical specification related to power supply

234

4.3.4.12.

Vehicle front lights

234

4.3.5.

Operation subsystem

234

4.3.5.1.

Design of the trains

234

4.3.5.2.

End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains

234

4.3.5.3.

Access

234

4.3.5.4.

Toilets

234

4.3.5.5.

Windscreen and front of the train

234

4.3.5.6.

Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

234

4.3.5.7.

Rolling stock dynamic behaviour

234

4.3.5.8.

Maximum train length

234

4.3.5.9.

Sanding

234

4.3.5.10.

Ballast pick up

234

4.3.5.11.

Braking performance

234

4.3.5.12.

Brake system requirements

234

4.3.5.13.

Eddy current brakes

234

4.3.5.14.

Protection of an immobilised train

235

4.3.5.15.

Brake performance on steep gradients

235

4.3.5.16.

Public address system

235

4.3.5.17.

Passenger alarm

235

4.3.5.18.

Environmental conditions

235

4.3.5.19.

Train aerodynamic loads in open air

235

4.3.5.20.

Crosswind

235

4.3.5.21.

Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

235

4.3.5.22.

Exterior noise

235

4.3.5.23.

Emergency exits

236

4.3.5.24.

Fire safety

236

4.3.5.25.

External lights and horn

236

4.3.5.26.

Lifting/rescue procedures

236

4.3.5.27.

Interior noise

236

4.3.5.28.

Air conditioning

236

4.3.5.29.

Driver's vigilance device

236

4.3.5.30.

Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

236

4.3.5.31.

Particular specification for tunnels

236

4.3.5.32.

Traction performance requirements

236

4.3.5.33.

Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements

236

4.3.5.34.

Functional and technical specification related to power supply

237

4.3.5.35.

Servicing

237

4.3.5.36.

Vehicle identification

237

4.3.5.37.

Signal sighting

237

4.3.5.38.

Emergency exits

237

4.3.5.39.

Driver-Machine-Interface (DMI)

237

4.4.

Operating rules

237

4.5.

Maintenance rules

238

4.6.

Professional competencies

238

4.7.

Health and safety conditions

238

4.8.

Infrastructure and rolling stock registers

239

4.8.1.

Infrastructure register

239

4.8.2.

Rolling stock register

240

5.

INTEROPERABILITY CONSTITUENTS

240

5.1.

Definition

240

5.2.

Innovative solutions

240

5.3.

List of constituents

240

5.4.

Constituents performance and specifications

241

6.

ASSESSMENT OF CONFORMITY AND/OR SUITABILITY FOR USE

241

6.1.

Interoperability constituents of the rolling stock subsystem

241

6.1.1.

Conformity assessment (general)

241

6.1.2.

Conformity assessment procedures (modules)

242

6.1.3.

Existing solutions

243

6.1.4.

Innovative solutions

243

6.1.5.

Assessment of suitability for use

243

6.2.

Rolling stock subsystem

244

6.2.1.

Conformity assessment (general)

244

6.2.2.

Conformity assessment procedures (modules)

244

6.2.3.

Innovative solutions

245

6.2.4.

Assessment of maintenance

245

6.2.5.

Assessment of single vehicles

245

6.3.

Interoperable Constituents Not Holding an EC Declaration

245

6.3.1.

General

245

6.3.2.

The Transition Period

245

6.3.3.

The Certification of Subsystems Containing Non-Certified Interoperability Constituents during the Transition Period

246

6.3.3.1.

Conditions

246

6.3.3.2.

Notification

246

6.3.3.3.

Lifecycle Implementation

246

6.3.4.

Monitoring Arrangements

247

7.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROLLING STOCK TSI

247

7.1.

Implementation of the TSI

247

7.1.1.

Newly built rolling stock of new design

247

7.1.1.1.

Definitions

247

7.1.1.2.

General

247

7.1.1.3.

Phase A

247

7.1.1.4.

Phase B

248

7.1.2.

Newly built rolling stock of an existing design certified to an existing TSI

248

7.1.3.

Rolling stock of an existing design

249

7.1.4.

Rolling stock being upgraded or renewed

249

7.1.5.

Noise

250

7.1.5.1.

Transitional period

250

7.1.5.2.

Upgrading or renewal of rolling stock

250

7.1.5.3.

A two step approach

250

7.1.6.

Mobile toilet discharge trolleys [clause 4.2.9.3]

250

7.1.7.

Measures to prevent fire — material conformity

250

7.1.8.

Rolling stock operating under national, bilateral, multilateral or international agreements

251

7.1.8.1.

Existing agreements

251

7.1.8.2.

Future agreements

251

7.1.9.

TSI revision

251

7.2.

Compatibility of rolling stock with other subsystems

251

7.3.

Specific cases

252

7.3.1.

General

252

7.3.2.

List of specific cases

252

7.3.2.1.

General specific case on the 1 524 mm gauge network

252

7.3.2.2.

End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains [clause 4.2.2.2]

252

7.3.2.3.

Passenger step [clause 4.2.2.4.1]

252

7.3.2.4.

Vehicle gauge [clause 4.2.3.1]

253

7.3.2.5.

Vehicle mass [clause 4.2.3.2]

253

7.3.2.6.

Electrical resistance of wheelsets [clause 4.2.3.3.1]

253

7.3.2.7.

Hot axle box detection for Class 2 trains [clause 4.2.3.3.2.3]

254

7.3.2.8.

Wheel-rail contact (wheel profiles) [4.2.3.4.4]

255

7.3.2.9.

Wheelsets [4.2.3.4.9]

255

7.3.2.10.

Maximum train length [4.2.3.5]

255

7.3.2.11.

Sanding [4.2.3.10]

255

7.3.2.12.

Braking [clause 4.2.4]

256

7.3.2.12.1.

General

256

7.3.2.12.2.

Eddy current brakes [clause 4.2.4.5]

256

7.3.2.13.

Environmental conditions [clause 4.2.6.1]

256

7.3.2.14.

Train Aerodynamics

256

7.3.2.14.1.

Aerodynamic loads on passengers on a platform [clause 4.2.6.2.2]

256

7.3.2.14.2.

Pressure loads in open air [clause 4.2.6.2.3]

257

7.3.2.14.3.

Maximum pressure variations in tunnels [clause 4.2.6.4]

257

7.3.2.15.

Boundary characteristics linked to exterior noise [clause 4.2.6.5]

257

7.3.2.15.1.

Limit for stationary noise [clause 4.2.6.5.2]

257

7.3.2.15.2.

Limit for starting noise [clause 4.2.6.5.3]

258

7.3.2.16.

Fire extinguisher [clause 4.2.7.2.3.2]

258

7.3.2.17.

Horns [clause 4.2.7.4.2.1]

258

7.3.2.18.

Control-command and signalling system [clause 4.2.7.10]

258

7.3.2.18.1.

Wheelset location [clause 4.2.7.10.2]

258

7.3.2.18.2.

Wheels [clause 4.2.7.10.3]

259

7.3.2.19.

Pantograph [clause 4.2.8.3.6.]

260

7.3.2.20.

Interfaces with control-command and signalling system [clause 4.2.8.3.8]

263

7.3.2.21.

Toilet discharge system connections [clause 4.2.9.3.]

263

7.3.2.22.

Water filling adapters [clause 4.2.9.5.]

263

7.3.2.23.

Fire Standards [clause 7.1.6]

263

1.   INTRODUCTION

1.1.   Technical scope

This TSI concerns the rolling stock subsystem. These subsystems are included in the list of Annex II(1) to Directive 96/48/EC, as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

This TSI is applicable to the following classes of rolling stock, assessed as trainsets (indivisible in service), or as single vehicles, within defined formations of powered and non-powered vehicles. It applies equally to passenger and/or non-passenger carrying vehicles.

Class 1: Rolling stock having a maximum speed equal to or greater than 250 km/h.

Class 2: Rolling stock having a maximum speed of at least 190 km/h but less than 250 km/h.

This TSI shall be applied for rolling stock, referred in section 2 of annex I of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Dir.2004/50/EC and having a maximum speed of at least 190 km/h as described above. But, if the maximum speed of this rolling stock is higher than 351 km/h, this TSI will apply, but additional specifications are necessary: these additional specifications are not detailed in this TSI and are an open point: national rules apply in such a case.

More information about the rolling stock subsystem is given in section 2.

This TSI specifies requirements with which rolling stock intended to be operated on the rail network as defined in section 1.2 below shall comply and thereby meet the essential requirements of Directive 96/48/EC, as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

Access to lines is not solely dependent on fulfilment of the technical requirements of this TSI, other requirements in Directive 2004/49 and Directive 2001/14, as modified by Directive 2004/50 shall also be taken into account in permitting a railway undertaking to operate this rolling stock on a specific line. For example an infrastructure manager is permitted to decide not to allocate a path for a class 2 train on a category 1 line for capacity reasons.

1.2.   Geographical scope

The geographical scope of this TSI is the trans-European high-speed rail system as described in Annex I to Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

1.3.   Content of this TSI

In accordance with Article 5(3) and with Annex I, (1)b of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, this TSI:

(a)	indicates its intended scope (section 2);

(b)	states essential requirements for the rolling stock subsystem (section 3)

(c)	establishes the functional and technical specifications to be met by the subsystems and their interfaces with other subsystems (section 4);

(d)	sets out, operating and maintenance rules specific to the scope indicated in sections 1.1 and 1.2 above (section 4).

(e)	indicates, for the persons concerned, the professional competencies and health and safety conditions at work required for the operation and maintenance of the subsystems (section 4).

(f)	determines the interoperability constituents and interfaces which are to be covered by European specifications, including European standards, which are necessary to achieve interoperability within the trans-European high-speed rail system (section 5);

(g)	states which procedures are to be used in order to assess the conformity or the suitability for use of the interoperability constituents, on the one hand, or the EC verification of the subsystems, on the other hand (section 6);

(h)	indicates the strategy for implementing the TSIs (section 7);

(i)	makes provision, in accordance with Article 6(3) of the Directive, specific cases (section 7).

2.   DEFINITION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ROLLING STOCK SUBSYSTEM

2.1.   Subsystem Description

The rolling stock subsystem includes neither the control-command, infrastructure, operation subsystems nor the trackside part of the energy subsystem, since these subsystems are specified in their own TSIs.

In addition, rolling stock subsystem does not include the train staff (driver and other on-board train crew) and passengers.

2.2.   Functions and aspects of the rolling stock subsystem

The scope of this TSI for the rolling stock subsystem is expanded from that given in the TSI contained in Annex to Decision 2002/735/EC.

The functions to be fulfilled in the scope of the rolling stock subsystem are as follows:

—	Carry and protect the passengers and train crew

—	Accelerate, maintain speed, brake and stop

—	Keep the train driver informed, provide a view ahead, and allow proper control

—	Support and guide the train on the track

—	Signal the presence of the train to others

—	Be able to operate safely even in the event of incidents

—	Respect the environment

—	Maintain the rolling stock subsystem and the on-board part of the energy subsystem

—	Be able to operate on relevant traction supply systems.

The on-board control-command and signalling equipment is within the scope of the control-command and signalling subsystem.

3.   ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1.   General

In the scope of this TSI, fulfilment of relevant essential requirements quoted in section 3 of this TSI will be ensured by the compliance with the specifications described:

—	in section 4 for the subsystems,

—	and in section 5 for the interoperability constituents,

—	as demonstrated by a positive result of the assessment of:

—	conformity and/or suitability for use of the interoperability constituents

—	and verification of the subsystems.

as described in section 6.

Parts of the essential requirements are covered by national rules because:

—	open and reserved points are listed in Annex L;

—	derogations under art. 7 of the Directive 96/48/EC;

—	specific cases are described in section 7.3 of this TSI.

The corresponding conformity assessment shall be carried out under the responsibility and according to procedures of the Member State that has notified the national rules or asked for the derogation or the specific case.

According to Article 4(1) of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the Trans-European high-speed rail system, subsystems and their interoperability constituents shall meet the essential requirements set out in general terms in Annex III to the Directive.

Conformity of the rolling stock subsystem and its constituents to the essential requirements is checked in accordance with the provisions envisaged in Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC as well as in this TSI.

3.2.   The essential requirements relate to:

—

safety,

—	reliability and availability,

—

health,

—	environmental protection,

—	technical compatibility.

According to Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the essential requirements can be generally applied to the whole Trans-European high-speed rail system or be specific to particular aspects of each subsystem and its constituents.

3.3.   General requirements

In the case of the rolling stock subsystem, the specific aspects, in addition to the considerations contained in Annex III to the Directive, are as follows:

3.3.1.   Safety

Essential requirement 1.1.1:

‘The design, construction or assembly, maintenance and monitoring of safety-critical components, and more particularly of the components involved in train movements must be such as to guarantee safety at the level corresponding to the aims laid down for the network, including those for specific degraded situations.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.2.3 (strength of vehicle structure)

—	4.2.2.4 (access)

—	4.2.2.6 (driver's cab)

—	4.2.2.7 (windscreen and front of the train)

—	4.2.3.1 (kinematic gauge)

—	4.2.3.3 (rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems)

—	4.2.3.4 (rolling stock dynamic behaviour)

—	4.2.3.10 (sanding)

—	4.2.3.11 (aerodynamic effects on ballast)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.5 (passenger information and communication)

—	4.2.6.2 (train aerodynamic loads in open air)

—	4.2.6.3 (crosswind)

—	4.2.6.4 (maximum pressure variations in tunnels)

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.7 (system protection)

—	4.2.7.13 (software)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 1.1.2:

‘The parameters involved in the wheel-rail contact must meet the stability requirements needed in order to guarantee safe movement at the maximum authorised speed.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.3.2 (static axle load)

—	4.2.3.4 (rolling stock dynamic behaviour)

Essential requirement 1.1.3:

‘The components used must withstand any normal or exceptional stresses that have been specified during their period in service. The safety repercussions of any accidental failures must be limited by appropriate means.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.2.3 (strength of vehicle structure)

—	4.2.2.7 (windscreen and front of the train)

—	4.2.3.3.2 (axle bearing health monitoring)

—	4.2.3.4.3 (track loading limit values)

—	4.2.3.4.9 (wheelsets)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.6 1 (environmental conditions)

—	4.2.6.3 (crosswind)

—	4.2.6.4 (maximum pressure variations in tunnels)

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

—	4.2.8.3.6 (pantographs and contact strips)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 1.1.4:

‘The design of fixed installation and rolling stock and the choice of the materials used must be aimed at limiting the generation, propagation and effects of fire and smoke fumes in the event of a fire.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

Essential requirement 1.1.5:

‘Any devices intended to be handled by users must be so designed as not to impair their safety if used foreseeably in a manner not in accordance with the posted instructions.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.2.4 (access)

—	4.2.2.5 (toilets)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.5.3 (passenger alarm)

—	4.2.7.1 (emergency exits)

—	4.2.7.3 (protection against electric shock)

—	4.2.7.5 (lifting/rescue procedures)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.3.2.   Reliability and availability

Essential requirement 1.2:

‘The monitoring and maintenance of fixed or moveable components that are involved in train movements must be organised, carried out and quantified in such a manner as to maintain their operation under the intended conditions.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.2.3 (strength of vehicle structure)

—	4.2.2.4 (access)

—	4.2.3.1 (kinematic gauge)

—	4.2.3.3.2 (axle bearing health monitoring)

—	4.2.3.4 (rolling stock dynamic behaviour)

—	4.2.3.9 (suspension coefficient)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.7.10 (monitoring and diagnostic concepts)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.3.3.   Health requirements

Essential requirement 1.3.1:

‘Materials likely, by virtue of the way they are used, to constitute a health hazard to those having access to them must not be used in trains and railway infrastructures.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 1.3.2:

‘Those materials must be selected, deployed and used in such a way as to restrict the emission of harmful and dangerous fumes or gases, particularly in the event of fire.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.3.4.   Protection of the environment

Essential requirement 1.4.1:

‘The repercussions on the environment of the establishment and operation of the Trans-European high-speed rail system must be assessed and taken into account at the design stage of the system in accordance with the Community provisions in force.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.3.11 (ballast pick up)

—	4.2.6.2 (train aerodynamic load)

—	4.2.6.5 (exterior noise)

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 1.4.2:

‘The materials used in the trains must prevent the emission of fumes or gases which are harmful and dangerous to the environment, particularly in the event of fire.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 1.4.3:

‘The rolling stock and energy-supply systems must be designed and manufactured in such a way as to be electromagnetically compatible with the installations, equipment and public or private networks with which they might interfere.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

3.3.5.   Technical compatibility

Essential requirement 1.5:

‘The technical characteristics of the infrastructures and fixed installations must be compatible with each other and with those of the trains to be used on the Trans-European high-speed rail system.

If adherence to these characteristics proves difficult on certain sections of the network, temporary solutions, which ensure compatibility in the future, may be implemented.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.4 (access

—	4.2.3.1 (kinematic gauge)

—	4.2.3.2 (static axle load)

—	4.2.3.3 (rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems)

—	4.2.3.4 (rolling stock dynamic behaviour)

—	4.2.3.5 (maximum train length)

—	4.2.3.6 (maximum gradients)

—	4.2.3.7 (minimum curve radius)

—	4.2.3.8 (flange lubrication)

—	4.2.3.11 (ballast pick up)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.6.2 (train aerodynamic load)

—	4.2.6.4 (maximum pressure variations in tunnels)

—	4.2.7.11 (particular specification for tunnels)

—	4.2.8.3 (functional and technical specification related to power supply)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.4.   Requirements specific to the rolling stock subsystem

3.4.1.   Safety

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 1:

‘The rolling stock structures and those of the links between vehicles must be designed in such a way as to protect the passenger and driving compartments in the event of collision or derailment.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.2.3 (strength of vehicle structure)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 2:

‘The electrical equipment must not impair the safety and functioning of the control-command and signalling installations.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.8.3 (functional and technical specification related to power supply)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 3:

‘The braking techniques and the stresses exerted must be compatible with the design of the tracks, engineering structures and signalling systems’.

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.3.4.3 (track loading limit values)

—	4.2.4.1 (minimum braking performance)

—	4.2.4.5 (eddy current brakes)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 4:

‘Steps must be taken to prevent access to electrically-live constituents in order not to endanger the safety of persons’.

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.5.2 (passenger information signs)

—	4.2.7.3 (protection against electric shock)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 5:

‘In the event of danger, devices must enable passengers to inform the driver and accompanying staff to contact him.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.5 (passenger information and communication)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 6:

‘The access door must incorporate an opening and closing system which guarantees passenger safety.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.4.2 (external access door)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 7:

‘Emergency exits must be provided and indicated.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.5.2 (passenger information signs)

—	4.2.7.1 (emergency exits)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 8:

‘Appropriate provisions must be laid down to take account of the particular safety conditions in very long tunnels.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.5.3 (passenger alarm)

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

—	4.2.7.11 (particular specification for tunnels)

—	4.2.7.12 (emergency lighting system)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 9:

‘An emergency lighting system having a sufficient intensity and duration is an absolute requirement on board trains.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clause:

—	4.2.7.12 (emergency lighting system)

Essential requirement 2.4.1 § 10:

‘Trains must be equipped with a public address system which provides a means of communication to the public from on-board staff and ground control.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clause:

—	4.2.5 (passenger information and communication)

3.4.2.   Reliability and availability

Essential requirement 2.4.2:

‘The design of the vital equipment and the running, traction and braking equipment and also the control command system must, in a specific degraded situation, be such as to enable the train to continue without adverse consequences for the equipment remaining in service.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.1.1 (introduction)

—	4.2.1.2 (design of the trains)

—	4.2.2.2 (end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains)

—	4.2.4.1 (minimum braking performance)

—	4.2.4.2 (brake wheel/rail adhesion demand limits)

—	4.2.4.3 (brake system requirements)

—	4.2.4.4 (service braking performance)

—	4.2.4.6 (protection of an immobilised train)

—	4.2.4.7 (brake performance on steep gradients)

—	4.2.5.1 (public address system)

—	4.2.7.2 (fire safety)

—	4.2.7.10 (monitoring and diagnostic concepts)

—	4.2.7.12 (emergency lighting system)

—	4.2.8.1 (traction performance requirements)

—	4.2.8.2 (traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.4.3.   Technical compatibility

Essential requirement 2.4.3 § 1:

‘The electrical equipment must be compatible with the operation of the control command and signalling installations.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.8.3 (functional and technical specification related to power supply)

Essential requirement 2.4.3 § 2:

‘The characteristics of the current-collection devices must be such as to enable trains to travel under the energy supply systems for the Trans-European high-speed rail system.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clause:

—	4.2.8.3 (functional and technical specification related to power supply)

Essential requirement 2.4.3 § 3:

‘The characteristics of the rolling stock must be such as to allow it to travel on any line on which it is expected to operate.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.2.4 (access)

—	4.2.3.1 (kinematic gauge)

—	4.2.3.2 (static axle load)

—	4.2.3.3 (rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems)

—	4.2.3.4 (rolling stock dynamic behaviour)

—	4.2.3.5 (maximum train length)

—	4.2.3.6 (maximum gradients)

—	4.2.3.7 (minimum curve radius)

—	4.2.3.11 (ballast pick up)

—	4.2.4 (braking)

—	4.2.6 (environmental conditions)

—	4.2.7.4 (external lights and horn)

—	4.2.7.9 (control-command and signalling system)

—	4.2.7.11 (particular specification for tunnels)

—	4.2.8 (traction and electrical equipment)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

—	4.8 (infrastructure and rolling stock registers)

3.5.   Requirements specific to maintenance

Essential Requirement 2.5.1 Health:

‘The technical installations and the procedures used in the maintenance centres must not constitute a danger to human health.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in sections:

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential Requirement 2.5.2 Environmental protection:

‘The technical installations and the procedures used in the maintenance centres must not exceed the permissible levels of nuisance with regard to the surrounding environment.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.5 (exterior noise)

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential Requirement 2.5.3 Technical compatibility:

‘The maintenance installations [handling] high-speed trains must be such as to enable safety, health and comfort operations to be carried out on all trains for which they have been designed.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in sections:

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.6.   Other requirements also concerning the rolling stock subsystem

3.6.1.   Infrastructure

Essential Requirement 2.1.1. Safety

‘Appropriate steps must be taken to prevent access to or undesirable intrusions into installations on lines travelled at high speed.’

‘Steps must be taken to limit the dangers to which persons are exposed, particularly in stations through which trains pass at high speed.’

‘Infrastructures to which the public has access must be designed and made in such a way as to limit any human health hazards (stability, fire, access, evacuation, platforms, etc.).’

‘Appropriate provisions must be laid down to take account of the particular safety conditions in very long tunnels.’

This essential requirement is not relevant to the scope of this TSI.

3.6.2.   Energy

Essential Requirement 2.2.1. Safety

‘Operation of the energy-supply systems must not impair the safety either of high-speed trains or of persons (users, operating staff, trackside dwellers and third parties).’

This essential requirement is not relevant to the scope of this TSI.

Essential Requirement 2.2.2. Environmental protection

‘The functioning of the energy-supply systems must not interfere with the environment beyond the specified limits.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.6 (exterior electromagnetic interference)

—	4.2.8.3.6 (Rolling stock requirements linked to pantographs)

Essential Requirement 2.2.3. Technical compatibility

‘The electricity supply systems used throughout the trans-European high-speed rail system must:

—	enable trains to achieve the specified performance levels;

—	be compatible with the collection devices fitted to the trains.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clause:

—	4.2.8.3 (functional and technical specification related to power supply)

3.6.3.   Control-command and signalling

Essential Requirement 2.3.1. Safety

‘The control and command and signalling installation and procedures used on the trans-European high-speed rail system must enable trains to travel with a level of safety which corresponds to the objectives set for the network.’

This essential requirement is not relevant to the scope of this TSI.

Essential Requirement 2.3.2. Technical compatibility

‘All new high-speed infrastructures and all new high-speed rolling stock manufactured or developed after adoption of compatible control and command and signalling must be tailored to the use of those systems.’

‘The control and command and signalling equipment installed within the train drivers’ cabs must permit normal operation, under the specified conditions, throughout the trans-European high-speed rail system.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.3.2 (static axle load)

—	4.2.3.3 (rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems)

—	4.2.6.6.1 (interference generated on the signalling system and the telecommunications network)

—	4.2.7.9 (control-command and signalling system)

—	4.2.8.3.10 (interfaces with control, command and signalling system)

3.6.4.   Environment

Essential Requirement 2.6.1. Health:

‘Operation of the trans-European high-speed rail system must remain within the statutory noise nuisance limits.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clauses:

—	4.2.6.5 (exterior noise)

—	4.2.7.6 (interior noise)

Essential Requirement 2.6.2. Environmental protection

‘Operation of the trans-European high-speed rail system must not cause a level of ground vibrations which is unacceptable for activities and the immediate environment in the vicinity of the infrastructure and in a normal state of maintenance.’

This essential requirement is not relevant to the scope of this TSI.

3.6.5.   Operation

Essential Requirement 2.7.1. Safety § 1

‘Alignment of the network operating rules and the qualifications of drivers and on-board staff must be such as to ensure safe international operation.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in the following section:

—	4.2.7.8 (driver's vigilance device)

Essential Requirement 2.7.1. Safety § 2

‘The operations and maintenance intervals, the training and qualifications of maintenance staff and the quality assurance system set up in the maintenance centres of the operators concerned must be such as to ensure a high level of safety.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in sections:

—	4.2.9 (servicing)

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential Requirement 2.7.2. Reliability and availability

‘The operation and maintenance periods, the training and qualifications of the maintenance staff and the quality assurance system set up by the operators concerned in the maintenance centres must be such as to ensure a high level of system reliability and availability.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in clause:

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

Essential Requirement 2.7.3. Technical compatibility

‘The alignment of the operating rules of the networks and the qualifications of drivers, on-board staff and managers in charge of traffic must be such as to ensure operating efficiency on the trans-European high-speed rail system.’

This essential requirement is satisfied by the functional and technical specifications in sections:

—	4.2.10 (maintenance)

3.7.   Elements of the rolling stock subsystem related to the essential requirements

		Essential requirement clause of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC
Element of the rolling stock subsystem	Ref. clause of TSI	Safety	Reliability Availability	Health	Environmental protection	Technical compatibility
General	4.2.1		2.4.2
Structure and mechanical parts	4.2.2
Design of the trains	4.2.1.2		2.4.2
End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains	4.2.2.2	1.1.1 1.1.3 1.1.5 2.4.1.1	1.2 2.4.2
Strength of vehicle structure	4.2.2.3	1.1.1 1.1.3 2.4.1.1	1.2
Access	4.2.2.4	1.1.1 1.1.5	1.2			1.5 2.4.3.3
Access door	4.2.2.4.2	2.4.1.6
Toilets	4.2.2.5	1.1.5
Driver's cab	4.2.2.6	1.1.1
Windscreen & front of the train	4.2.2.7	1.1.1 1.1.3
Track interaction and gauging	4.2.3
Kinematic gauge	4.2.3.1	1.1.1	1.2			1.5 2.4.3.3
Static axle load	4.2.3.2	1.1.2				1.5 2.4.3.3 2.3.2
Rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems	4.2.3.3	1.1.1				1.5 2.4.3.3 2.3.2
Axle bearing health monitoring	4.2.3.3.2	1.1.3	1.2
Rolling stock dynamic behaviour	4.2.3.4	1.1.1 1.1.2	1.2			1.5 2.4.3.3
Track loading limit values	4.2.3.4.3	1.1.3 2.4.1.3
Wheelsets	4.2.3.4.9	1.1.3
Maximum train length	4.2.3.5					1.5 2.4.3.3
Maximum gradients	4.2.3.6					1.5 2.4.3.3
Minimum curve radius	4.2.3.7					1.5 2.4.3.3
Flange lubrication	4.2.3.8					1.5
Suspension coefficient	4.2.3.9		1.2
Sanding	4.2.3.10	1.1.1
Aerodynamic effects on ballast	4.2.3.11	1.1.1			1.4.1	1.5 2.4.3.3
Braking	4.2.4	1.1.1 1.1.3 1.1.5	1.2			1.5 2.4.3.3
Minimum braking performance	4.2.4.1	2.4.1.3	2.4.2
Brake wheel/rail adhesion demand limits	4.2.4.2		2.4.2
Brake system requirements	4.2.4.3		2.4.2
Service Braking Performance	4.2.4.4		2.4.2
Eddy current brakes	4.2.4.5	2.4.1.3
Protection of an immobilised train	4.2.4.6		2.4.2
Brake performance on steep gradients	4.2.4.7		2.4.2
Passenger information and communication	4.2.5	1.1.1 2.4.1.5 2.4.1.10
Public address system	4.2.5.1		2.4.2
Passenger information signs	4.2.5.2	2.4.1.4 2.4.1.7
Passenger alarm	4.2.5.3	1.1.5 2.4.1.8
Environmental conditions	4.2.6					2.4.3.3
Environmental conditions	4.2.6.1	1.1.3
Train aerodynamic loads in open air	4.2.6.2	1.1.1			1.4.1	1.5
Crosswind	4.2.6.3	1.1.1 1.1.3
Maximum Pressure Variations in Tunnels	4.2.6.4	1.1.1 1.1.3				1.5
Exterior Noise	4.2.6.5			2.6.1	1.4.1 2.5.2
Exterior Electromagnetic Interference	4.2.6.6	1.1.1 2.4.1.2			1.4.1 1.4.3 2.5.2 2.2.2	2.4.3.1
Interference generated on the signalling system and the telecommunications network	4.2.6.6.1					2.3.2
System protection	4.2.7	1.1.1
Emergency exits	4.2.7.1	1.1.5 2.4.1.7
Fire safety	4.2.7.2	1.1.3 1.1.4 2.4.1.8	2.4.2	1.3.2	1.4.2
Protection against electric shock	4.2.7.3	1.1.5 2.4.1.4
External lights and horn	4.2.7.4					2.4.3.3
Lifting/rescue procedures	4.2.7.5	1.1.5
Interior Noise	4.2.7.6			2.6.1
Air Conditioning	4.2.7.7
Driver's Vigilance Device	4.2.7.8	2.7.1
Control-command system	4.2.7.9	1.1.1				2.4.3.3 2.3.2
Monitoring and Diagnostic Concepts	4.2.7.10		1.2 2.4.2
Particular specification for tunnels	4.2.7.11	2.4.1.8				1.5 2.4.3.3
Emergency lighting system	4.2.7.12	2.4.1.8 2.4.1.9	2.4.2
Software	4.2.7.13	1.1.1
Traction and electrical equipment	4.2.8					2.4.3.3
Traction performance requirements	4.2.8.1		2.4.2
Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements	4.2.8.2		2.4.2
Functional and technical specification related to power supply	4.2.8.3	2.4.1.2			2.2.3	1.5 2.4.3.1 2.4.3.2
Pantographs and contact strips	4.2.8.3.6				2.2.2
Interfaces with control, command and signalling system	4.2.8.3.8					2.3.2
Servicing	4.2.9	1.1.3 1.1.5 2.4.1.4 2.7.1		2.5.1	1.4.1 2.5.2	1.5 2.4.3.3 2.5.3
Maintenance	4.2.10	1.1.3 1.1.5 2.4.1.4 2.7.1	1.2 2.4.2 2.7.2	1.3.1 1.3.2 2.5.1	1.4.1 1.4.2 2.5.2	1.5 2.4.3.3 2.5.3 2.7.3
Infrastructure and rolling stock registers	4.8					2.4.3.3

4.   CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBSYSTEM

4.1.   Introduction

The rolling stock subsystem shall be verified in accordance with Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC with the objective of assuring interoperability in respect of the essential requirements.

The functional and technical specifications of the subsystem and its interfaces, described in sections 4.2 and 4.3, shall not impose the use of specific technologies or technical solutions, except where this is strictly necessary for the interoperability of the trans-European High Speed rail network. Innovative solutions, which do not fulfil the requirements, specified in this TSI and/or which are not assessable as stated in this TSI require new specifications and/or new assessment methods. In order to allow technological innovation, these specifications and assessment methods shall be developed by the process described in clauses 6.1.4 and 6.2.3.

The common characteristics of rolling stock subsystem are defined in section 4 of this TSI. Particular characteristics are listed in the rolling stock register (see Annex I of this TSI)

4.2.   Functional and technical specification of the subsystem

4.2.1.   General

4.2.1.1.   Introduction

The basic parameters for the rolling stock subsystem are:

—	Maximum Track Forces (track loading limit values)

—

Axle Load

—	Maximum Train Length

—	Vehicle Kinematic Gauge

—	Minimum Braking Characteristics

—	Electrical Boundary Characteristics for Rolling Stock

—	Mechanical Boundary Characteristics for Rolling Stock

—	Exterior Noise Limits

—	Electromagnetic Interference Limits

—	Interior Noise Limits

—	Air Conditioning Limits

—	Requirements for the Transport of People with Reduced Mobility

—	Maximum Pressure Variations in Tunnels

—	Maximum Gradients

—	Geometry of the pantograph collector head

—	Maintenance

Performance criteria for the Trans-European high-speed network shall be met for the specific requirements for each of the following line categories as appropriate for the class of train:

—	Lines specifically built for high speed,

—	Lines specifically upgraded for high speed,

—	Lines specifically upgraded for high speed but with special features,

as described in Annex I § 1of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

For the rolling stock subsystem these requirements are:

(a)

Minimum Performance Requirements In order to run on the trans-European high-speed network and under conditions allowing trains to slot smoothly into the overall traffic pattern, all high-speed rolling stock shall be required to guarantee minimum traction and braking performance levels. The trains shall have sufficient standby and backup capacity to ensure that these performance levels are maintained or only slightly downgraded in case of breakdown in systems or modules contributing to these processes (traction equipment from pantograph to axles, mechanical/electrical braking equipment). These margins and redundancies are defined in detail in the characteristics contained in clauses 4.2.1, 4.2.4.2, 4.2.4.3, 4.2.5.1, 4.2.4.7, 4.2.7.2, 4.2.7.12, 4.2.8.1, and 4.2.8.2. For safety significant failures of rolling stock equipment or functions described in this TSI, or passenger overload, the rolling stock keeper and/or the railway undertaking shall, have defined the operating rules associated with each reasonably foreseeable degraded mode in full knowledge of the consequences as defined by the manufacturer. The operating rules are part of the safety management system of the railway undertaking and are not required to be verified by a notified body. For this purpose, the manufacturer shall describe and list in a document the various reasonably foreseeable degraded modes and the related acceptable limits and operating conditions of the rolling stock subsystem that can be experienced. This document shall be part of the technical file according to § 4 of annex VI of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC and shall be taken into account in the operational rules.

(b)

Maximum service speed of trains Trains shall have in conformity with Article 5(3) and Annex I of the Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC a maximum service speed of: — at least 250 km/h for class 1 trains; — at least 190 km/h, but less than 250 km/h for class 2 trains. The service speed is the nominal speed trains are expected to run in daily operation on appropriate sections. In all cases, it shall be possible for rolling stock to be worked at their maximum speed (if allowed by the infrastructure) with sufficient acceleration margins (as specified in the following paragraphs).

4.2.1.2.   Design of trains

(a)	This TSI is applicable to both trainsets and single vehicles, but always assessed within defined formations of powered and non-powered vehicles.

(b)	For both classes of train the following configurations are permissible: — articulated and/or non-articulated trains, — trains with and/or without tilt systems, — single and/or double deck trains.

(c)

Class 1 trains shall be self-propelled trainsets and shall provide a driver's cab at each end and be capable of bi-directional operation and to achieve the performance stated in this TSI. To allow train capacity to meet changing traffic needs it is permissible to couple trainsets to run in multiple. Such a train formed from two or more trainsets shall also meet the relevant specifications and performance in this TSI. It is not a requirement that trainsets of different manufacturers’ designs, or trains from other railway undertakings shall be able to operate coupled together.

(d)

Class 2 trains shall be either trainsets, or trains of variable formation with or without bi-directional capabilities. They shall be capable of the performance stated in this TSI. To allow train capacity to meet changing traffic needs it is permissible to couple Class 2 trains to run in multiple, or to add vehicles in the case of trains with locomotives and coaches, where they remain in defined formations. Such a train formed from two or more trains shall meet the relevant specifications and performance in this TSI. It is not a requirement that trainsets of different manufacturers’ designs, or trains from other railway undertakings shall be able to operate coupled together under normal conditions.

(e)

To allow train capacity to meet changing traffic needs it is permissible to couple Class 1 and Class 2 trains to run in multiple. Such a train formed from two or more trains shall meet the relevant specifications and performance in this TSI. It is not a requirement that trainsets of different manufacturers’ designs, or trains from other railway undertakings shall be able to operate coupled together.

(f)

For both classes of trains, whether assessing a trainset or a single vehicle within one or more formations, the formations for which such assessments are valid shall be clearly defined by the party asking for assessment, and clearly stated in the type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification. It is not permissible to assess a single vehicle without reference to a specific formation. The definition of each formation shall include the type designation, the number of vehicles and TSI relevant characteristics of the vehicles (as listed in the rolling stock register).

(g)	The characteristics of each vehicle in a train shall be such that the train fulfils the requirement of this TSI. Some requirements are capable of being assessed for a single vehicle and some have to be assessed with reference to a defined formation as defined in section 6 for each requirement.

(h)	The formation(s) for which each assessment is valid shall be clearly defined in the type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification.

Definitions

1.	A trainset is a fixed formation that can only be reconfigured within a workshop environment, if at all.

2.	EMU/DMU (Electric/Diesel Multiple Unit), are trainsets, where all vehicles are capable of carrying a payload. Traction and other equipment are usually, but not exclusively under-floor.

3.	A Power Head is a traction vehicle of a trainset with a single driver's cab at one end, which is not capable of carrying a payload.

4.	A Locomotive is a traction vehicle that is not capable of carrying a payload and has the ability to uncouple in normal operation from a train and operate independently.

5.	A coach is a non-traction vehicle in a fixed or variable formation capable of carrying a payload. It is permitted to equip such a coach with a driver's cab. Such a coach is named a driving coach.

6.	A train is an operational formation consisting of one or more vehicles or trainsets

7.	Defined formation see 4.2.1.2.f

4.2.2.   Structure and mechanical parts

4.2.2.1.   General

This section deals with the requirements for coupling arrangements, vehicle structures, access, toilets, drivers cabs, windscreens and the front-end designs of the train.

4.2.2.2.   End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains

4.2.2.2.1.   Subsystem requirements

(a)	Class 1 trains shall be equipped at each end of the train with an automatic centre buffer coupler as defined in clause 4.2.2.2.2.1. This is to enable such trains to be rescued in the event of a breakdown by another Class 1 train.

(b)

Class 2 trains shall be equipped at each end either — with an automatic centre buffer coupler as defined in clause 4.2.2.2.2.1 — or with buffing and draw gear components compliant with clause 4.2.2.2.2.2. — or with a permanent adaptor meeting the requirements — of clause 4.2.2.2.2.1 — or of clause 4.2.2.2.2.2.

(c)

All trains equipped with automatic centre buffer couplers meeting the requirements of clause 4.2.2.2.2.1 shall be provided with a towing coupler as defined in clause 4.2.2.2.2.3 available on board. This is to enable such trains to be rescued or recovered in the event of a breakdown by motive power units or other trains, equipped with buffing and draw components compliant to clause 4.2.2.2.2.2.

(d)

Provision to enable Class 1 and 2 trains to be rescued in the event of a breakdown is required only by a motive power unit or another train equipped with automatic centre buffer couplers meeting the requirements of clause 4.2.2.2.2.1 or with buffing and draw components compliant to clause 4.2.2.2.2.2.

(e)	Requirements for the pneumatic brake equipment of high speed trains for towing in case of emergency rescue are specified in clause 4.2.4.8. and in clause K.2.2.2 of Annex K.

4.2.2.2.2.   Interoperability constituent requirements

4.2.2.2.2.1.   Automatic centre buffer coupler

Automatic centre buffer couplers shall be geometrically and functionally compatible with a ‘Type 10 latch system automatic centre buffer coupler’ (also known as the ‘Scharfenberg’ system) as shown in Annex K clause K.1.

4.2.2.2.2.2.   Buffing and draw gear components

The buffing and draw gear components shall be compliant with clause 4.2.2.1.2 of the Conventional Rail Rolling Stock Freight Wagons TSI 2005.

4.2.2.2.2.3.   Towing coupler for recovery and rescue

Towing couplers for recovery and rescue shall meet the requirements of Annex K clause K.2.

4.2.2.3.   Strength of vehicle structure

4.2.2.3.1.   General description

The static and dynamic strength of vehicle bodies shall ensure the safety required for the occupants.

The railway safety system is based on active and passive safety.

—	Active safety: Systems which reduce the probability of an accident occurring or the severity of the accident

—	Passive safety: Systems which reduce the consequences of an accident, should it occur

Passive safety systems shall not be used to compensate for a possible lack of active safety in the railway network but shall be complementary to active safety in order to complement personal safety when all other measures have failed.

4.2.2.3.2.   Principles (functional requirements)

In the event of a frontal impact as described in the scenarios below, the mechanical structure of vehicles shall:

—	Limit deceleration,

—	Maintain survival space and structural integrity of the occupied areas,

—	Reduce the risk of derailment.

—	Reduce the risk of over-riding,

Deformation shall be controlled in order to, as a minimum, absorb the energy of the design collision scenarios. Deformation shall be progressive, without overall instabilities or failures and shall occur in the designated collapse zones only. Collapse zones can be:

—	reversible and irreversible deformable parts of the buffing/coupling gears;

—	non-structural devices;

—	crumple zones in the car-body;

—	or any combination of the above.

The crumple zones shall either be located in non-occupied areas close to the extremities of each vehicle, in front of the cab and in inter-car gangways, or if this is not possible in adjacent areas of temporary occupation (for example toilets or vestibules) or cabs. Crumple zones are not allowed in passenger seating areas including those equipped with folding (tip up) seats.

4.2.2.3.3.   Specifications (simple load cases and design collision scenarios)

(a)	The structural elements of the body shell of each vehicle shall be able to withstand the longitudinal and vertical static loads for the vehicle bodies corresponding to category P II of EN12663:2000 as a minimum.

(b)

Four collision scenarios shall be considered: — A front end impact between two identical trains, — A front end impact with a vehicle fitted with side buffers, — An impact with a lorry on a level crossing. — An impact with a low obstacle The details for the above scenarios and the corresponding criteria are to be found in annex A.

4.2.2.4.   Access

4.2.2.4.1.   Passenger step

This is specified in detail by clauses 4.2.2.12.1, 4.2.2.12.2 and 4.2.2.12.3 in the TSI for Accessibility for Persons With Reduced Mobility.

4.2.2.4.2.   External access door

4.2.2.4.2.1.   Passenger access doors

The relevant clauses of 4.2.2.4. of the TSI for Accessibility for Persons With Reduced Mobilit. will also apply.

(a)

Terminology used: — a ‘closed door’ is a door held closed by the door closing mechanism only — a ‘locked door’ is a door held closed by a mechanical door locking device — a ‘door locked out of service’ is immobilised in a closed position by a mechanical device activated by a member of the train crew.

(b)

Door operation: To latch or unlatch a manually operated door, for use by the public, the control device shall be operable by the palm of the hand exerting a force not exceeding 20 Newton. The force required to open or close a manual door shall not exceed: If pushbuttons are provided for the powered operation of doors then each pushbutton shall be illuminated (or the surround shall be illuminated) when enabled and shall be operable by a force not greater than 15 Newton.

(c)

Door closing: The door control device shall allow the train crew (driver or conductor) to close and lock the doors before the train departs. When the locking control is under staff control and activated from a door, it is permissible for this door to remain open when the other doors close. It shall be possible for staff to close and lock this door subsequently. This door shall automatically close when the train reaches 5 km/h after which locking shall be initiated. The doors shall be kept closed and locked until the train crew releases them. In the event of loss of power to the door controls, the doors shall be kept locked by the locking mechanism. An audible warning sound shall be activated before the doors start to close.

(d)

Information available to the train crew: An appropriate device shall indicate to the driver or the train crew that all the doors (except for the door under local control of the train crew) are closed and locked. Appropriate indication shall be provided to the driver or the train crew of any fault in the door closing operation. A ‘door locked out of service’ shall not be taken into account.

(e)

Locking a door out of service: A manual device shall be provided to enable the train crew to lock a door out of service. This action shall be possible from both inside and outside the train. After the door is locked out of service, it shall no longer be taken into account by the door controls or the onboard monitoring systems.

(f)	Door opening release: The train crew shall be provided with controls that allow the doors to be released separately on each side, to allow them to be opened by passengers when the train is stopped.

(g)

Door opening control: A normal opening control or opening device shall be accessible for passengers from both the outside and the inside of the vehicle. Each door shall be provided with one of the following systems, either system shall be equally acceptable to all Member States: — an individual internal emergency-opening device, accessible to passengers, that shall allow the door only to be opened at speeds below 10 km/h., or — an individual internal emergency-opening device, accessible to passengers, that shall allow the door to be opened. This device shall be independent of any speed signal. This device shall be operated after a succession of at least two actions. This device shall have no effect on ‘a door locked out of service’. In such a case the door shall be unlocked first. Each door shall be provided with an individual external emergency-opening device, accessible to rescue staff, to allow that door to be opened for emergency reasons. This device shall have no effect on ‘a door locked out of service’. In such an emergency case the door shall be unlocked first.

(h)

The number of the doors and their dimensions shall allow the complete evacuation within three minutes by passengers without their baggage in a situation where the train is stopped alongside a platform. It is permitted to consider that passengers with reduced mobility are to be assisted by other passengers or staff, and that wheelchair users are evacuated without their wheelchair. Verification of this requirement shall be made by a physical test with a normal load as defined in clause 4.2.3.2 and under normal operating conditions.

(i)	Doors shall be fitted with transparent windows to allow passengers to identify the presence of a platform.

4.2.2.4.2.2.   Doors for freight use and for use of the train crew

A device shall allow the driver or train crew to close and lock the doors before the train departs.

The doors shall be kept closed and locked until the driver or train crew releases them.

4.2.2.5.   Toilets

On passenger carrying trains, sealed retention toilets shall be installed onboard. Flushing is permissible with either clean water or by re-circulation techniques.

If the flushing medium is not clean water, the characteristics of the flushing medium shall be recorded in the rolling stock register.

4.2.2.6.   Driver's cab

(a)

access and egress The cab shall be accessible from both sides of the train from the platforms as defined in the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 and from a level 200mm below the top of the rail on a stabling track. It is permissible for this access to be either directly from the exterior or through an adjoining compartment at the rear of the cab. The train crew shall be able to prevent the cab being accessed by non-authorised persons.

(b)

External visibility Forward Vision: The driver's cab shall be designed such that a driver has a clear, unobstructed line of sight to be able to see fixed signals set to both the left and right of the track from the normal seated driving position as defined in Annex B, Figures B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4 and B.5, when the train is on a level and straight track, with the signals following locations defined in Annex B, measured from either the coupling face or the buffer plane (whichever is applicable). Consideration of a standing driving position is not required Side vision: The driver shall be provided with an opening window or opening panel, sufficiently large for the driver to put his head through the aperture, at each side of the cab. Additional equipment for side and rearwards vision is not mandatory.

(c)

Seats: The main seat available to the driver shall be designed in such a way that it allows him to undertake all normal driving functions in a seated position. Requirements related to health, safety and ergonomics are an open point. In addition, a second forward facing seat shall be provided for possible accompanying crew. The requirements for external visibility given in section b) do not apply to this position.

(d)

Interior layout: Freedom of movement of personnel in the cab interior shall not be inhibited by obstructions. Steps are not permitted on the cab floor; they are permitted between the cab and adjacent compartments or outside doors. The interior layout shall take into account the anthropometric dimensions of the driver as set out in Annex B..

4.2.2.7.   Windscreen and front of the train

The driver's cab windscreens shall:

(a)

be of an optical quality in accordance with the following characteristics: The types of safety glass used for the front windows, and any heated windows (windows heated to prevent frost) of drivers’ cabs shall not alter the colour of signals and their quality shall be such that the glass, when pierced or starred, remains in position and affords staff protection and sufficient visibility to enable the train to continue its journey. These requirements are set out in clause J.1 of Annex J.

(b)	be equipped with de-icing, de-misting and external cleaning facilities.

(c)	be able to resist impacts from projectiles as specified in clause J.2.1 of Annex J and resist spalling as specified in clause J.2.2 of Annex J.

The front end of the train shall be capable of resisting the same impact as the window in order to protect persons travelling in the front vehicle.

The inside face of the windscreen shall be supported along its edges to limit intrusion in case of an accident.

4.2.2.8.   Storage facilities for use by staff

In or near to driver cabs and where a train is equipped with a separate service compartment there shall be adequate storage facilities for clothing and equipment that must travel with the staff.

4.2.2.9.   External steps for use by shunting staff

Where a train

—	is equipped with UIC couplers

—	is of variable consist

—	and external steps for use by shunting staff are required

such steps shall conform to the requirements of clause 4.2.2.2 of CR RST Freight Wagon TSI.

4.2.3.   Track interaction and gauging

4.2.3.1.   Kinematic gauge

Rolling stock shall comply with one of the kinematic vehicle gauges defined in Annex C of the Conventional Rail Rolling Stock Freight Wagon TSI 2005.

The pantograph gauge shall comply with Clause 5.2 of prEN 50367:2006

The type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification of the rolling stock and the rolling stock register shall indicate the assessed gauge.

4.2.3.2.   Static axle load

The nominal static axle load (Po) on the track shall meet the following requirements, in order to limit the forces exerted on the track by the train. Measurements shall be made under the following normal load conditions: with normal payload, train crew, all materials needed for operation (e.g. lubricants, coolants, catering equipment, flushing medium for toilets etc.) and 2/3 of consumables (e.g. fuel, sand, food, etc).

The following definition of the normal payload will apply, dependant upon the type of vehicle or area:

—	Passenger seating areas including seats in dining cars: number of passenger seats multiplied by 80 kg (stools (low and high), resting bars or standing aids are not classified as seats)

—	Areas of temporary occupation (e.g. vestibules, gangways, toilets): no passenger payload to be taken into account

—	Other compartments not accessible to passengers containing luggage, freight: maximum payload in revenue service

The different types of vehicles are defined in clause 4.2.1.2.

The nominal static load Po per axle shall be as set out in Table 1 (1 tonne (t) = 1 000 kg):

Table 1

Static axle load

	Maximum service speed V [km/h]
	190 ≤ V ≤ 200	200 < V ≤ 230	230 < V < 250	V = 250	V > 250
Class 1				≤ 18 t	≤ 17 t
Class 2 locomotives and powerheads	≤ 22,5 t		≤ 18 t	n/a	n/a
Class 2 multiple units	≤ 20 t	≤ 18 t		n/a	n/a
Class 2 loco hauled coaches	≤ 18 t			n/a	n/a

The maximum total static axle load of the train (the total mass of the train) shall not be greater than:

(the sum of all nominal static axle loads of the train) x 1,02.

The total mass of the train shall not exceed 1 000 t

The maximum individual static axle load of any axle shall not be greater than:

(the nominal individual static axle load) x 1,04.

The difference in static wheel load between any wheel on the same bogie or running gear shall not exceed 6 % of the average wheel load of that bogie or running gear. It is permitted to centre the car body to the centre lines of the bogies before the weighing process.

Individual static axle loads shall not be less than 5 t. This value satisfies the requirement specified in clauses 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.2.3.3.   Rolling stock parameters which influence ground based train monitoring systems

4.2.3.3.1.   Electrical resistance

To ensure the operation of track circuits, the electrical resistance of each wheelset, measured from tyre to tyre shall meet the requirements of clause 3.5 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI:2006.

In the case of independent wheels (left and right parallel wheels that rotate independently), it is necessary to electrically connect the pair of wheels to achieve the above values.

4.2.3.3.2.   Axle bearing health monitoring

4.2.3.3.2.1.   Class 1 trains

The health of wheelset bearings on Class 1 trains shall be monitored by on board detection equipment.

This equipment shall be able to detect a deterioration of the wheelset bearing health, either by monitoring its temperature, or its dynamic frequencies or some other suitable wheelset bearing health condition characteristic. A maintenance requirement shall be generated by this equipment and indicate a need for operational restrictions when necessary depending on the extent of the wheelset bearing deterioration.

The detection system shall be located entirely on board and diagnosis messages shall be communicated to the driver.

Specification and assessment method for on board detection equipment are an open point

To prevent Class 1 trains triggering an incorrect alarm of trackside hot axle box detection (HABD) equipment, Class 1 trains shall have no component (other than axle boxes), or vehicle part, or commodity, that generates sufficient heat in the target area, defined in clause 4.2.3.3.2.3, that triggers an alarm. Where such a possibility exists then that component, vehicle part or commodity that has the possibility of generating an alarm shall be permanently shielded from the trackside HABD equipment.

It is permissible for Class 1 train axle boxes, by mutual agreement between all the infrastructure managers to whose lines the trains are intended to run and the railway undertaking, to interface with trackside HABD, in addition to the on board detection equipment, if all the requirements of clause 4.2.3.3.2.3 are fulfilled. As an alternative it is permissible by mutual agreement between infrastructure manager and railway undertaking to identify these trains by train identification systems and use the HABD information as agreed.

When, for vehicles with independent rotating wheels, inhibition of false alarms by using the train identification number is not possible, priority shall be given to the on-board detection system provided that all bearings of the wheels are monitored. The rolling stock register shall indicate if the axle boxes that have the possibility of generating an alarm are or are not shielded permanently from the trackside HABD equipment.

4.2.3.3.2.2.   Class 2 trains

It is not required to equip Class 2 trains with on board detection system unless their hot axle box bearings cannot be detected by the systems of trackside detection defined in TSI Control-Command Signalling TSI: 2006 Annex A Appendix 2.

Where a Class 2 train is equipped with on board detection system for wheelset bearing health monitoring equipment the requirements of clause 4.2.3.3.2.1 shall be applied.

The wheelset bearing health of Class 2 trains, that are not equipped with on board wheelset bearing health monitoring equipment, shall be able to be monitored by trackside Hot Axle Box Detector (HABD) equipment to detect abnormal wheelset bearing temperature rises, and shall meet the vehicle interface requirements set out in clause 4.2.3.3.2.3.

4.2.3.3.2.3.   Hot axle box detection for Class 2 trains

4.2.3.3.2.3.1.   General

The minimum area on a vehicle that shall remain clear for the observation and measurement of axle box temperatures by trackside HABD equipment, known as the target area (TA), shall comply with the requirements given in clause 4.2.3.3.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.3.2.3.4.

4.2.3.3.2.3.2.   Functional requirements for the vehicle

The vehicle's axle box shall be designed such that the maximum temperature difference between the loaded zone of the bearing and the target area shall not exceed 20 °C when assessed by the methods defined in Annex 6 of EN12082:1998, Rig performance test.

A minimum of three alarm trigger levels shall apply to Class 2 trains on the axle box target area temperatures (Taxle box) as measured by the trackside HABD equipment:

(a)	Warm alarm: Taxle box open point °C

(b)	Hot alarm: Taxle box open point °C

(c)	Difference alarm (Difference between the temperature of the right and the left bearing of a wheelset = ΔTdiff): ΔTdiff open point °C

As an alternative to this requirement on alarm trigger levels, it is permissible by mutual agreement between the infrastructure-manager and the railway undertaking to identify trains by train identification systems and use specific alarm trigger levels as agreed, that are different from the above levels. Specific alarm trigger levels shall be listed in the rolling stock register

4.2.3.3.2.3.3.   Transverse dimensions and height above rail level of the target area

For rolling stock intended to be used on 1 435 mm track gauge the target area on the underside of an axle box, that shall remain un-obstructed to permit observation by a trackside HABD, shall occupy a minimum uninterrupted length of 50mm within a minimum transverse distance from the wheelset-centre of 1 040 mm and a maximum transverse distance from the wheelset centre of 1 120 mm at a height above the top of the rail between 260 mm and 500 mm.

4.2.3.3.2.3.4.   Longitudinal dimension of the target area

The longitudinal dimension on the underside of the axle box that shall remain unobstructed to permit observation by a trackside HABD (see Figure 1) shall:

—	be centred on the wheelset’s centreline,

—	have a minimum length Lmin (mm) = 130mm for Class 1 trains where used

—	have a minimum length Lmin (mm) =100mm for Class 2 trains

4.2.3.3.2.3.5.   Limit criteria outside of the target area

To prevent unwanted activation of the trackside HABD, in the vertical plane and over a minimum longitudinal length of LE mm (= 500 mm) centred on the wheelset centreline:

(a)

No component, or vehicle part, or commodity that has a temperature greater than that of the axle box (e.g. hot load, engine exhaust) shall be located within the longitudinal limit of LE mm and at a distance of less than 10 mm from either outer edge of the target area's transverse limits (as given in 4.2.3.3.2.3.3) unless it is shielded from observation by the trackside HABD.

(b)

No component, vehicle part or commodity that has the potential to increase the temperature of a component or part that lies within the longitudinal limit of LE mm and the target area transverse limits to a temperature above that of the wheelset-box (e.g. engine exhaust), shall be located at a distance of less than 100 mm from either outer edge of the target area's transverse limits (as shown in 4.2.3.3.2.3.3) unless it is shielded and prevented from causing an increase in temperature of any part within that area.

4.2.3.3.2.3.6.   Emissivity

In order to maximise the emissivity of the observed target area surface and to limit stray radiation from the axle box, the underside surfaces of the axle box and its immediate environment shall be designed to have a matt finish and be painted with dark paint of a matt finish. The paint used shall be to a specification of a maximum 5 % specular reflection in its new state (as defined in clause 3.1 of EN ISO 2813:1999) and be appropriate for the axle box surfaces to which it is applied.

Figure 1

4.2.3.4.   Rolling stock dynamic behaviour

4.2.3.4.1.   General

The dynamic behaviour of a vehicle has a strong influence on safety against derailment, running safety and track loading. The vehicle dynamic behaviour is mainly determined by:

—	the maximum speed

—	the maximum designed cant deficiency for the rolling stock

—	wheel/rail contact parameters (wheel and rail profile, track gauge)

—	mass and inertia of the car body, bogies and wheelsets

—	suspension characteristic of the vehicles

—	track irregularities

In order to ensure safety against derailment and running safety, as well as to avoid overloading of the track, an acceptance procedure test shall be carried out for vehicles which:

—	are newly developed,

—	have had relevant design modifications that could affect safety against derailment, running safety or track loading or

—	have had changes in their operating regimes that could affect safety against derailment, running safety or track loading.

The acceptance procedure tests for safety against derailment, running safety and track loading shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements in EN14363:2005 The parameters described in 4.2.3.4.2 and 4.2.3.4.3, below, shall be assessed (using the normal or simplified method as permitted in EN14363:2005 Clause 5.2.2). More details about these parameters are given in EN14363:2005.

The EN14363 takes account of the present state of the art. However the requirements are not always achievable in the following areas:

—	track geometric quality

—	combinations of speed, curvature, cant deficiency.

These requirements remain as open points within this TSI.

The tests shall be carried out under a range of conditions of speed, cant deficiency, track quality and curve radius appropriate for the application of the vehicle.

The track geometric quality for the tests shall be representative of the service routes and shall be included in the test report. The methodology of EN14363 Annex C shall be used with the specified QN1 and QN2 values taken as guidance. However they do not represent the range of geometric quality that may occur.

Some aspects of EN14363 are also not consistent with the requirements of the HS RST TSI:

—	contact geometry

—	oading conditions.

In accordance with EN14363:2005 it is permitted to deviate from the requirements laid down in this clause 4.2.3.4 where evidence can be provided that safety is equivalent to that achieved by complying with these requirements.

4.2.3.4.2.   Limit values for running safety

EN14363:2005 (Clauses 4.1.3, 5.5.1, 5.5.2 and appropriate sections of clauses 5.3.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.5.5 and 5.6) contains definitions of the frequency content, measuring methods and conditions for the parameters specified in sections a), b) and c) below.

(a)

Transverse track forces: Rolling stock shall comply with the PRUD’HOMME criteria for the maximum transverse force ΣY defined as follows: , where ΣY is the sum of the guiding forces of a wheelset and P0 is the static load on the axle in kN defined in clause 4.2.3.2. The result of this formula defines the limit of wheel/rail adhesion between the sleeper and the ballast under the influence of transverse dynamic forces.

(b)

Quotient of the transverse and vertical forces of a wheel in normal operating conditions (for a Curve Radius R ≥ 250 m): The ratio of transverse to vertical force(Y/Q) of a wheel shall not exceed the limit where Y is the lateral guiding force of a wheel exerted on the rail measured in a wheelset based reference frame and Q is the vertical force of the wheel on the rail measured in the same reference frame.

(c)

Quotient of the transverse and vertical forces of a wheel on twisted track (For a Curve Radius R< 250m). The ratio of transverse to vertical force (Y/Q) of a wheel shall not exceed the limit . with the flange angle γ. Note: If the flange angle γ is 70 degrees the limit value (Y/Q)lim = 1,2. This limit characterises the ability of the rolling stock to run on twisted track.

(d)

Instability criterion Definition: On straight track or large radius curves a wheelset is running in an unstable manner if the periodic lateral movement of the wheelset exhausts the clearance between the wheel flanges and the gauge corner of the rails. In unstable motion this lateral movement is exerted over several cycles and is strongly dependent on: — Speed and — Equivalent conicity (defined in clause 4.2.3.4.6) where relevant (see clause 4.2.3.4.10); and causes excessive lateral vibrations. (d1) The rms value of the sum of the guiding forces used in the acceptance testing shall not exceed the limit ΣYrms,lim = ΣYmax,lim/2 where ΣYmax,lim is defined in section a) of this clause. This limit characterises the ability of the rolling stock to run in a stable manner (rms = root mean square) (d2) The criteria for the activation of an on board instability alarm shall follow either: — the requirements of clause 5.3.2.2 and clause 5.5.2 of EN14363:2005 for simplified acceleration measurement method or — indicate instability characterised by a maintained lateral oscillation (more than 10 cycles) generating accelerations of the bogie frame above the centreline of the wheelset greater than 0,8g peak value, with a frequency between 3 and 9 Hz.

4.2.3.4.3.   Track loading limit values

The frequency content, measuring methods and conditions for the parameters specified in sections a), c) and d) below are defined in EN14363:2005 (Clauses 5.5.1, 5.5.2 and appropriate sections of clauses 5.3.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.5.5 and 5.6).

(a)	Vertical dynamic wheel load The maximum vertical force exerted by the wheels on the rails (dynamic wheel load, Q) shall not be more than the value given in Table 2 for the speed range of the vehicle: Table 2 Dynamic wheel load V (km/h) Q (kN) 190 < V ≤ 250 180 250 < V ≤ 300 170 V > 300 160

(b)

Longitudinal load In order to limit the longitudinal forces exerted on the track by the rolling stock the maximum acceleration or deceleration shall be less than 2,5 m/s2. Braking systems which dissipate kinetic energy through heating the rail shall not create braking forces of more than: case 1: 360 kN per train in the case of emergency braking, case 2: for other braking cases, such as a normal service braking for speed reduction or non repetitive braking to a halt, or repetitive braking for speed control, the use of the brake and the maximum braking force allowed shall be determined by the infrastructure manager for each line concerned. Any limitations on the braking force defined in clause 4.2.4.5 shall be justified and published in the infrastructure register and taken into account in the operating rules.

(c)	Quasi static guiding force Yqst Limitation of the quasi static guiding force Yqst is to avoid excessive wear of rails in curves. National rules apply (see Annex L)

(d)	Quasi static wheel force Qqst In order to limit the vertical forces in curves at cant deficiency and cant excess the quasi static vertical wheel force shall be less than Qqst,lim = 145 kN.

4.2.3.4.4.   Wheel/rail interface

The wheel-rail interface is fundamental for safety against derailment and for explaining the dynamic running behaviour of a railway vehicle. The wheel profile shall meet the following requirements:

(a)	The flange angle (see Annex M) is at least 67 degrees

(b)	The taper angle (see Annex M) is between 3,7 and 8,5 degrees (6,5 % to 15 %).

(c)	The equivalent conicity is in the limits set out in Sections 4.2.3.4.6 to 4.2.3.4.8.

4.2.3.4.5.   Design for vehicle stability

Vehicles shall be designed to be stable on track meeting the requirements of the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 at the maximum vehicle design speed plus 10 %. Unstable running is defined in clause 4.2.3.4.2 (d).

Rolling stock designed for higher speeds shall still be stable when running on lines designed for lower speeds. For example, rolling stock designed for speeds >250 km/h shall still be stable when running on lines designed for speeds of the order of 200 km/h or less.

The range of values of speed and conicity for which the vehicle is designed to be stable shall be specified, certified and indicated in the rolling stock register.

If stability is dependent on the use of devices, which are not fail-safe, an on board instability alarm shall be fitted on trains with a speed that exceeds 220 km/h. The detection of instability shall be based on acceleration measurements taken on the bogie frame. This alarm shall advise the driver to reduce speed in the event of instability. The criteria for activation of this alarm shall be as defined in clause 4.2.3.4.2 d2.

4.2.3.4.6.   Definition of equivalent conicity

Equivalent conicity is the tangent of the cone angle of a wheelset with coned wheels whose lateral movement has the same kinematic wavelength as the given wheelset on straight track and large-radius curves.

The limiting values for equivalent conicity quoted in the tables below shall be calculated for the amplitude (y) of the wheelset’s lateral displacement

—	y = 3 mm,	if (TG – SR) ≥ 7 mm
—	,	if 5 mm ≤ (TG – SR) < 7 mm
—	y = 2 mm,	if (TG – SR) < 5 mm

where TG is the track gauge and SR is the distance between the active faces of the wheelset.

4.2.3.4.7.   Design values for wheel profiles

Wheel profiles and the distance between active faces of the wheels (Dimension SR in Annex M) shall be selected to ensure that the equivalent conicity limits set out in Table 3 are not exceeded when the designed wheelset is modelled passing over the representative sample of track test conditions (simulated by calculation) specified in Table 4.

Table 3

Equivalent conicity design limit values

Maximum vehicle operating speed (km/h)	Equivalent conicity limit values	Test conditions (see Table 4)
≥ 190 and ≤ 230	0,25	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 230 and ≤ 280	0.20	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 280 and ≤ 300	0,10	1, 3, 5 and 6
> 300	0,10	1 and 3

Table 4

Modelling track test conditions for equivalent conicity

Test condition No.	Rail head profile	Rail inclination	Track gauge
1	rail section 60 E 1 defined in EN 13674-1:2003	1 in 20	1 435  mm
2	rail section 60 E 1 defined in EN 13674-1:2003	1 in 40	1 435  mm
3	rail section 60 E 1 defined in EN 13674-1:2003	1 in 20	1 437  mm
4	rail section 60 E 1 defined in EN 13674-1:2003	1 in 40	1 437  mm
5	rail section 60 E 2 defined in Annex F of HS INS TSI 2006	1 in 40	1 435  mm
6	rail section 60 E 2 defined in Annex F of HS INS TSI 2006	1 in 40	1 437  mm

The requirements of this clause are deemed to have been met by wheelsets having unworn S1002 or GV 1/40 profiles, as defined in prEN13715:2006 with spacing of active faces between 1 420 mm and 1 426 mm.]

Note: Design conicity values for rail profiles are given in The High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006. Those values are different from the values given here for wheel profiles. This difference is intentional and results from the selection of reference wheel and rail profiles for the assessment.

4.2.3.4.8.   In service values of equivalent conicity

Assessment of this clause is the responsibility of the Member State(s) where the rolling stock is operated. This clause is excluded from the assessment made by a notified body.

The maintenance plan shall set out the railway undertaking's procedures for maintaining wheelsets and wheel profiles. The procedures shall take account of the conicity ranges for which the vehicle is certified (see clause 4.2.3.4.5).

Wheelsets shall be maintained to ensure (directly or indirectly) that the equivalent conicity remains within the approved limits for the vehicle when the wheelset is modelled passing over the representative sample of track test conditions (simulated by calculation) specified in Tables 4 and 5.

Table 5

Simulated track test conditions for in service values of equivalent conicity

Maximum vehicle operating speed (km/h)	Test conditions (see Table 4)
≥ 190 and ≤ 200	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 200 and ≤ 230	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 230 and ≤ 250	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 250 and ≤ 280	1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
> 280 and ≤ 300	1, 3, 5 and 6
> 300	1 and 3

For a novel bogie/vehicle design, or for operation of a known vehicle on a route with relevant different characteristics, then the development of wear of a wheel profile, and therefore the change in equivalent conicity, is usually not known. For this situation a provisional maintenance plan shall be proposed. The validity of the plan shall be confirmed following monitoring of the wheel profile and equivalent conicity in service. The monitoring shall consider a representative number of wheelsets and shall take into account the variation between wheelsets in different positions in the vehicle and between different vehicle types in the trainset.

If ride instability is reported, the railway undertaking shall model the measured wheel profiles and distances between active faces of the wheels (Dimension SR in Annex M) over the representative sample of track test conditions specified in Table 5 and Table 4 to check for compliance with the maximum equivalent conicity at which the vehicle is designed and certified to be stable.

If the wheelsets comply with the maximum equivalent conicity at which the vehicle is designed and certified to be stable, the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 requires the infrastructure manager to check the track for compliance with the requirements set out in the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006.

If both vehicle and track comply with the requirements of the relevant TSIs, a joint investigation by the railway undertaking and the infrastructure manager shall be undertaken to determine the reason for the instability.

4.2.3.4.9.   Wheelsets

4.2.3.4.9.1.   Wheelsets

(a)	Geometrical dimensions The maximum and minimum dimensions for wheelsets for standard track gauge (1 435 mm) are given in Annex M.

(b)	Requirements linked to control-command and signalling subsystem The requirements related to electrical resistance of wheelsets linked to control-command and signalling subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.3.3.1.

4.2.3.4.9.2.   Interoperability Constituent Wheels

(a)	Geometrical dimensions The maximum and minimum dimensions for wheels for standard track gauge (1 435 mm) are given in Annex M.

(b)

Wear Criteria Characteristics To achieve a proper match between the choice of materials for the rail (as defined in the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006) and the wheels, the wheels shall use materials defined as follows: — For the entire wheel rim wearing depth, the values of Brinell hardness (HB) of the material shall be greater than or equal to 245; — If the thickness of the zone of wear is greater than 35 mm, the value of 245 HB shall be obtained to a depth of 35 mm below the bearing surface. — The value of hardness at the interface between the wheel centre and the wheel rim shall be at least 10 points less than when measured at the maximum depth of wear

(c)	Requirements linked to control-command and signalling subsystem The requirements related to geometry and material for wheels linked to control-command and signalling subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.7.9.3

4.2.3.4.10.   Specific requirements for vehicles with independently rotating wheels

A vehicle equipped with independently rotating wheels shall have the following characteristics:

(a)	suspension/bogie design to ensure stable behaviour of the axle/bogie in curves

(b)	a method to centre the axle in the track when running on straight track

(c)	wheel dimensions complying with the requirements given in Annex M of this TSI

Equivalent conicity requirements (sections 4.2.3.4.6 to 4.2.3.4.8) do not apply to vehicles equipped with wheels rotating independently and therefore wheel profiles not complying with these conicity requirements may be used for vehicles with independent wheels.

The other dynamic behaviour requirements (sections 4.2.3.4.1 to 4.2.3.4.4 (b)) for vehicles with wheelsets do apply to vehicles equipped with independent wheels.

4.2.3.4.11.   Detection of derailments

Derailment detection systems shall be installed on new builds of Class 1 trainsets, when their specification for interoperability is established and they are available on the market.

As long as the specification for interoperability of derailment detection systems is not available, installation of derailment detection systems is not mandatory.

4.2.3.5.   Maximum train length

The length of trains shall not exceed 400 m. A tolerance of 1 % is permissible in order to improve aerodynamic penetration of the front and rear of the train.

To maximise access to the high-speed Trans European Network the maximum length of trains shall be compatible with the usable length of platform specified in the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.2.3.6.   Maximum gradients

Trains shall be able to start, operate and stop on the maximum gradients on all the lines for which they are designed and over which they are likely to operate.

This is of particular relevance to the performance requirements specified in this TSI.

The maximum gradients of each line are defined in the infrastructure register. Clauses 4.2.5 and 7.3.1 of the High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 state the maximum permitted gradients.

4.2.3.7.   Minimum curve radius

This parameter is an interface with the high-speed infrastructure subsystem in that the minimum curvatures to be taken into account are defined on one hand for the high-speed tracks (based on the cant deficiency) and on the other hand for the stabling tracks. Reference shall be made to clause 2.2 of the infrastructure register and clauses 4.2.6 and 4.2.24.3 of the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.2.3.8.   Flange lubrication

To protect the rails and wheels against excessive wear, particularly in curves, trains shall be equipped with flange lubrication. This shall be installed as a minimum on one axle close to the leading end of a train.

After such a lubrication the wheel tread/rail contact area shall not be contaminated.

4.2.3.9.   Suspension coefficient

Whenever a stationary vehicle is placed on a canted track whose running surface lies at an angle δ to the horizontal, its body leans on its suspension and forms an angle η with the perpendicular to the rail level. The vehicle suspension coefficient s is defined by the ratio:

This parameter influences the swept envelope of a vehicle. The suspension coefficient s of vehicles equipped with pantographs shall be less than 0,25. It is permissible for tilting trains not to meet this requirement providing they are equipped with pantograph compensation devices.

4.2.3.10.   Sanding

Sanding devices shall be provided for improving braking and traction performance.. The amount of sand distributed along the rail is specified in clause 4.1.1 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.The maximum number of active sanding devices is defined in clause 4.1.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.There shall be provision on rolling stock to permit interruption of sanding:

—	within switching zones

—	when at standstill except during starting and testing of the sanding devices

—	during braking at speeds below 20 km/h.

4.2.3.11.   Ballast pick up

This is an open point.

4.2.4.   Braking

4.2.4.1.   Minimum braking performance

(a)	Trains shall incorporate a brake control system with one or more deceleration levels. The prescribed performance levels defining the minimum braking power are given in Tables 6 and 7. Meeting these performance levels and the safe operation of the braking system shall be fully demonstrated.

(b)	It is important to note that the values in Table 6 below are those appropriate for rolling stock and they shall not be interpreted as being the absolute values for defining the braking curves required by the control-command and signalling subsystem.

(c)

Performance: trains shall be able to achieve, over the range of speeds shown, the minimum mean decelerations within each the speed range shown below. Table 6 Minimum braking performance levels Braking mode te [s] Minimum mean deceleration measured between end of te and reaching the target speed [m/s2] 350-300 (km/h) 300-230 (km/h) 230-170 (km/h) 170-0 (km/h) Case A — Emergency braking with specific equipment isolated 3 0,75 0,9 1,05 1,2 Case B — Emergency braking with specific equipment isolated and unfavourable climatic conditions 3 0,60 0,7 0,8 0,9 te [s] = Equivalent time of application: the sum of the delay period and half of the brake force build up time, where the build up time is defined as the time needed to reach 95 % of the braking force demanded. Case A — Level track and normal train load as defined in clause 4.2.3.2 on dry rails (1) and the worst degraded operation mode defined below: — One dynamic brake unit, which is able to function independently of the other dynamic brake units, is deactivated if it is independent of the contact wire, or all units on the dynamic brake are deactivated if they are dependent on the voltage in the contact wire. — Or one independent module of the braking system, which dissipates kinetic energy through heating the rails, is inoperable, if this system is independent of the dynamic brake. Case B As per case A and — One distributor valve or equivalent self-supporting control device acting on the friction brake from one or two carrying bogies is deactivated. and — Reduced wheel/rail adhesion and — Brake pad/brake disc friction coefficient reduced as a result of dampness. The complete process of assessment is described in annex P Note 1: On existing infrastructures, infrastructure managers are permitted to define further requirements because of the different Class B signalling and control systems on their part of trans-European high-speed network (see infrastructure register), e.g. additional braking systems or reduced service speeds for given braking distances. Note 2: Normal service braking conditions are defined in clause 4.2.4.4.

(d)

Stopping distances: The stopping distance ‘S’ calculated as a function of the minimum decelerations defined above is defined by the formula: where: V0 = initial speed (m/s) V0 … Vn = speed given in Table 6 (m/s) ab1 … abn + 1 = specified deceleration over the speed band under consideration (m/s2) te = Equivalent time of application (s) For example, using the data in Table 6, the following stopping distances to be met from specific initial speeds are given in Table 7. Table 7 Maximum stopping distance Braking mode te [s] Stopping distances shall not exceed [m] 350-0 (km/h) 300-0 (km/h) 250-0 (km/h) 200-0 (km/h) Case A — emergency braking with specific equipment isolated 3 5 360 3 650 2 430 1 500 Case B — Emergency braking with specific equipment isolated and unfavourable climatic conditions 3 6 820 4 690 3 130 1 940

(e)

Additional conditions: For the Cases A & B, when emergency braking is considered: The contribution of electric dynamic brakes shall only be included in the calculation of the performance defined above if — Either their operation is independent of the presence of voltage in the catenary or — it is permitted by the Member State It is permissible to include the contribution of braking systems that dissipate kinetic energy through heating the rails in the emergency braking performance under the conditions defined in clause 4.2.4.5. Electromagnetic brakes with magnets that are in contact with the rail shall not be employed at speeds higher than 280 km/h. It is permissible to include the contribution made by electromagnetic brakes independent of wheel rail adhesion for emergency braking on all lines as a means of maintaining the envisaged braking performance.

4.2.4.2.   Brake wheel/rail adhesion demand limits

The design of the train and the calculation of its braking performance shall not assume wheel/rail adhesion values in excess of the following values. For speeds below 200 km/h, the maximum wheel/rail adhesion coefficient demand during braking shall be assumed to be no more than 0,15. For speeds above 200 km/h, the wheel/rail adhesion coefficient maximum demand shall be assumed to decline linearly to 0,1 at 350 km/h.

A train in full service condition and with a normal load (as defined in 4.2.3.2) shall be used in calculations to verify the braking performance.

4.2.4.3.   Brake system requirements

In addition to the needs listed in clauses 4.2.4.1 and 4.2.4.2, the braking system shall be proved to meet the safety objectives set within Directive 96/48/EC. This requirement is met by using for example UIC compliant braking systems.

For other braking systems, a demonstration is required to prove a level of performance at least as safe as that provided by the UIC compliant braking system.

The brake system shall meet the following requirements:

For the complete train:

—	Use of the emergency brake, for whatever reason, shall automatically cut all traction power, without the facility of reapplying traction power while the emergency brake is being applied.

—	The emergency brake shall be capable of being applied at all times with the driver in his normal driving position

—	Vehicles shall be fitted with wheel-slide devices to control the sliding of wheels in the event of reduced adhesion between wheel and rail,

—	Class 1 trains shall be equipped with a wheel rotation monitoring system to advise the driver that an axle has seized. The wheel slide protection device and the rotation monitoring system shall function independently.

—

Emergency brake applications actuated via the driver's brake valve or additional emergency brake control as well as via the monitoring and speed control equipment shall have the following immediate and simultaneous effects: — A rapid pressure drop in the main brake pipe to ≤ 2 bar. The cab shall be equipped with both a drivers brake valve and an additional emergency brake control to provide redundancy. — An interruption in re-filling of main brake pipe In the case of short trains less than 250 m in length and if the equivalent time of application te of 3 s or less is met when the emergency brake is applied, it is not mandatory to interrupt re-filling of the main brake pipe. — An application of the electro-pneumatic brake (ep brake) if fitted In the case of short trains less than 250 m in length and if the equivalent time of application te of 3 s or less is met when the emergency brake is applied, it is not mandatory to control the electro pneumatic brake. — An application of full brake force corresponding to performance set out in 4.2.4.1, — A traction cut-off.

—	Service braking: application of full service braking shall result in a traction cut-off without an automatic restoration of traction power.

—	Full service braking is defined as the braking resulting from the maximum braking force within the range of service braking before emergency braking.

Electric braking

—	The contribution of electric brakes shall be in accordance with requirements of clause 4.2.4.1.e

—	Where the electrical installations (the sub-stations) permit, the return of electrical energy generated in braking is permissible, but this shall not cause the voltage to exceed the limits defined in EN50163:2004 clause 4.1.

All vehicles shall be provided with a means of brake isolation and indicators of brake status.

In addition, trains with a maximum speed greater than 200km/h shall be provided with a system of (brake) fault diagnostics.

4.2.4.4.   Service braking performance

In addition to the specifications required in clause 4.2.4.1 ‘minimum braking characteristics’, the trains shall comply with the average decelerations in service defined in Table 8.

Table 8

Minimum mean deceleration levels for service braking

Braking mode	te	Minimum mean deceleration measured between end of te and reaching the target speed [m/s2]
	[s]	350-300 (km/h)	300-230 (km/h)	230-170 (km/h)	170-0 (km/h)
Service braking	2	0,30	0,35	0,6	0,6
te [s] = Equivalent time of application

These decelerations shall be achieved by a train on level track, in the configurations defined in clause 4.2.4.1 Cases A.

4.2.4.5.   Eddy current brakes

This paragraph deals with the infrastructure subsystem interfaces relating to eddy current track brakes.

As specified in the High-Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006, the use of this type of brake, independent of wheel/rail adhesion, on the lines (to be built, upgraded or connecting) of the trans-European high-speed network is permissible as follows:

—	For emergency braking on all lines except specific connecting lines listed in the infrastructure register.

—	For full or normal service braking on the sections of line where the infrastructure manager permits it. In this case the conditions of use shall be published in the infrastructure register.

Trains equipped with this type of brake shall meet the following specifications:

—	Brakes independent of wheel rail adhesion are permitted to be used from the maximum operating speed down to 50 km/h: (Vmax ≥ V ≥ 50 km/h)

—	The maximum average deceleration shall be less than 2,5 m/s2 (this value, which is an interface with the longitudinal resistance of the track, shall be met with all brakes in use).

—

In the worst case, that is to say with the trainsets working in multiple to their maximum permitted train length, the maximum longitudinal braking force applied to the track by the eddy current train brake shall be: — 105 kN for brake applications with a force lower than 2/3 of full service braking — Linear between 105 kN and 180 kN for brake applications between 2/3 and full service braking, — 180 kN for full service braking — 360 kN in emergency braking

It is permissible to include the contribution of brakes independent of wheel/rail adhesion in the braking performance defined in clause 4.2.4.1. This is with the understanding that the safe operation of this type of brake can be assured and is not affected by any single point failure.

4.2.4.6.   Protection of an immobilised train

In the event of the compressed air supply being disrupted or the power supply failing, it shall be possible to stop and hold a train with a normal load (as defined in clause 4.2.3.2) on a 35‰ gradient by using the friction brake alone, even if one distributor valve is switched off, for at least two hours.

It shall be possible to keep a train with a normal load stationary for an unlimited period on a 35‰ gradient. Should the parking brake be unable to achieve this on its own, further means of securing the train shall be available on board.

4.2.4.7.   Brake performance on steep gradients

The brake thermal performance shall allow a train to run on a maximum gradient set out in clause 4.2.5 of the High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 at a speed of at least equivalent to 90 % of the maximum train operating speed. This thermal performance shall be used for calculating the limiting gradient where maximum train speed can be operated.

The same conditions for train loading, means of braking and rail condition apply as for emergency braking case A as defined in clauses 4.2.4.1 c and e. Compliance to this requirement shall be proven by calculation.

4.2.4.8.   Brake requirements for rescue purposes

Requirements for the pneumatic brake equipment of high speed trains for towing in case of emergency rescue are as follows:

1.	Filling time of the brake cylinder to 95 % maximum pressure: 3-5 seconds, 3-6 seconds with load-braking system.

2.	Release time of the brake cylinder to 0.4 bar pressure: a minimum of 5 seconds.

3.	Reduction in brake pipe pressure required to obtain maximum brake cylinder pressure: 1,5 ± 0,1 bar (coming from a nominal value in the brake pipe of 5,0 ± 0,05 bar).

4.	The sensitivity of the brake to slow decreases in brake pipe pressure shall be such, that the brake is not activated if the normal working pressure drops by 0,3 bars in one minute.

5.	The sensitivity of the brake to decreases in brake pipe pressure shall be such, that the brake is activated within 1,2 seconds, if the normal working pressure drops by 0,6 bar in 6 seconds.

6.	Each brake, including the parking brake, shall have an on/off device.

7.	A minimum of five steps of brake force shall be available by variation of the brake pipe pressure.

8.	The status (applied/released) of brakes, including the parking brake, shall be indicated.

Where the on-board train braking system is initiated by other than pneumatic means the pneumatic information given at the coupling interface shall result in a performance equivalent to the above.

4.2.5.   Passenger information and communication

4.2.5.1.   Public address system

Clauses 4.2.2.8.1 and 4.2.2.8.3 of the TSI for Accessibility for Persons with Reduced Mobility shall also apply.

Trains shall be equipped as a minimum with a means of audible communication,

—	for the train crew to address the passengers in a train

—	for the train crew and ground control to communicate between one another.

—	for internal communication between the train crew and in particular between the driver and staff in the passenger areas.

The equipment shall be able to remain on standby and to function independently of the main energy source for at least three hours.

The communication system shall be designed in such a manner that it continues to operate at least half (distributed throughout the train) of its loudspeakers in the event of a failure in one of its transmission elements, or another mean shall be available to inform the passengers.

Apart from the passenger alarm (see clause 4.2.5.3) no specific provisions are prescribed for passengers to contact train crew.

4.2.5.2.   Passenger information signs

Clause 4.2.2.8.2 of the of the TSI for Accessibility for Persons with Reduced Mobility shall also apply.

All passenger signs closely connected with safety shall use the unified sign formats given in standard ISO 3864-1:2002.

4.2.5.3.   Passenger alarm

Passenger occupied areas on trains (excluding vestibules, gangways and toilets) shall be fitted with emergency signal devices. These devices shall be installed where they can be seen easily by passengers and reached by them without having to pass through an interior door.

The emergency handle shall have a clearly visible seal.

The alarm once activated shall not be capable of being disengaged by passengers. If a device is provided to indicate that the alarm has been activated, it shall be marked as indicated in Annex Q of this TSI.

Operation of the emergency signal shall be indicated next to the device used.

Activating the alarm shall:

—	Initiate braking

—	Cause a visual (flashing or continuous light) and acoustic (buzzer/klaxon or spoken message) alarm to be triggered in the driver's cab;

—	Transmit a message (acoustic or visual signal or radio message by mobile phone) by the driver or an automatic system to the train crew working among the passengers.

—	Transmit an acknowledgement, recognisable by the person who triggered the signal (acoustic signal in the vehicle, braking application, etc.)

The arrangements installed in the rolling stock (automatic brake application, in particular) shall allow the driver to intervene in the braking process so as to be able to choose the stopping point of the train.

When the train has stopped the driver shall be able to start again as soon as possible if the driver considers it safe to start again Activation of one or more than one alarm shall have no additional effect, whilst the train-crew has not rearmed the first.

Lastly a communication link between cab and train staff shall enable the driver, at his or her initiative, to investigate the reasons why the emergency signal was triggered. If in normal service no train staff is present a device shall be available for passengers to communicate to the driver in case of emergency.

4.2.6.   Environmental conditions

4.2.6.1.   Environmental conditions

The rolling stock and all its constituent parts shall meet the requirements of this TSI within the climatic zones T1, or T2, or T3 as specified in EN50125-1:1999 in which it is intended to run. These zones shall be indicated in the rolling stock register.

4.2.6.2.   Train aerodynamic loads in open air

4.2.6.2.1.   Aerodynamic loads on track workers at the lineside

A full length train running in the open air at 300 km/h or at its maximum operating speed vtr,max if lower than 300 km/h shall not cause an exceedance of the air speed u2σ at the trackside as set out in Table 9, at a height of 0,2 m above the top of rail and at a distance of 3,0 m from the track centre, during the passage of the whole train (including the wake).

For trains with a maximum speed higher than 300 km/h, the the measures to be taken by Infrastructure Manager are mentioned in clause 4.4.3 of the High Speed Infrastructure TSI.

Table 9

Trackside maximum permissible air speed

Maximum train speed vtr,max (km/h)	Trackside maximum permissible air speed, (limit values for u2σ (m/s))
From 190 to 249	20
From 250 to 300	22

Test conditions

Tests shall be undertaken on ballasted, straight track. The vertical distance between the top of rail and the surrounding ground level is 0,75m ± 0,25m. The value u2σ is the upper bound of the 2σ confidence interval of the maximum resultant induced air speeds in the x-y ground plane. It shall be obtained from at least 20 independent and comparable test samples with ambient wind speeds of less than or equal to 2 m/s.

u2σ is given by:

u2σ = ū + 2σ

with

ū	mean value of all air speed measurements uI, i ≥ 20
σ	standard deviation

Conformity assessment

Conformity shall be assessed on the basis of full-scale tests and with the maximum length of the defined formations.

Detailed specifications

Measurements shall be taken at the maximum operational speed of the train vtr,max or 300 km/h if the train maximum operating speed is higher than 300 km/h.

For a valid set of measurements, conditions for train speed vtr are:

—	at least 50 % of the measurements shall be within ±5 % of vtr,max or 300 km/h as applicable and

—	100 % of the measurements shall be within ±10 % of vtr,max or 300 km/h as applicable.

Each measurement umeasured,i shall be corrected by

ui = umeasured,i * vtr/vtr,i

The track shall have no obstacles, such as bridges or tunnels, nearer than 500m ahead and 100m after the sensors in the longitudinal direction. Groups of sensors are permitted to be used to obtain several independent measurements from one train passage. Such groups shall be spaced at least 20 m apart from each other.

The whole train-passing event shall consist of the time period starting 1 second before the passing of the train head and finishing 10 seconds after the tail passes.

The sampling rate of the sensor shall be at least 10 Hz. The signal shall be filtered using a 1 second window moving average filter. The ambient wind speed shall be determined at the first sensor at a height of 0,2 m above top of rail.

The ambient wind speed is equivalent to the mean wind speed in the 3-second interval occurring before the train head passes the wind sensor. The ambient wind speed shall be less than or equal to 2 m/s.

The uncertainty in the air speed measurements shall be determined and shall not exceed ±3 %.

The uncertainty in the train speed measurement shall be determined and shall not exceed ±1 %.

4.2.6.2.2.   Aerodynamic loads on passengers on a platform

A full length train, running in the open air at a reference speed vtr = 200 km/h, (or at its maximum operating speed vtr,max, if this is lower than 200 km/h), shall not cause the air speed to exceed value u2σ = 15,5 m/s at a height of 1,2 m above the platform and at a distance of 3,0 m from the track centre, during the whole train passage (including the wake).

Test conditions

The assessment shall either be made on a

—	platform of height 240 mm above rail level or lower if one is available

—	or the applicant shall select the lowest height of platform passed by the train to be used for the assessment.

The platform height used in the assessment shall be recorded in the rolling stock register. If the assessment is successful for a platform height of 240 mm or lower, the train shall be deemed to be acceptable for all lines.

The value u2σ is the upper bound of the 2σ confidence interval of the maximum resultant induced air speeds in the x-y platform plane. It shall be based on at least 20 separate measurements and under similar test conditions with ambient wind speeds of less than or equal to 2 m/s.

u2σ is given by:

u2σ = ū + 2σ

with

ū	mean value of all air speed measurements ui, i ≥ 20
σ	standard deviation

Conformity assessment

Conformity shall be assessed on the basis of full-scale tests and with the maximum length of the defined formations.

Detailed specifications

Measurements shall be taken at vtr = 200 km/h or, if it is lower, with the maximum operational speed of the train, vtr,max.

For a valid set of measurements, conditions for train speed vtr are:

—	at least 50 % of the measurements shall be within ±5 % of vtr,max or 200 km/h as applicable and

—	100 % of the measurements shall be within ±10 % of vtr,max or 200 km/h as applicable.

Each measurement, umeasured,I, shall be corrected by

ui = umeasured,i * 200 km/h/vtr,i

or, for vtr,max < 200 km/h,

ui = umeasured,i * vtr,max/vtr,i

The platform shall have no obstacles ahead of and after the sensors in the longitudinal direction. The platform shall have a constant geometry for a distance of 150 m ahead of the sensors in the longitudinal direction and shall not have a roof or canopy or backwall. A number of sensors are permitted to be used to obtain several independent measurements from one train passage. Such sensors shall be separated from each other by a distance of at least 20 m.

The whole train-passing event consists of the time period starting 1 second before the passing of the train head and finishing 10 seconds after the tail passes.

The sampling rate of the sensor shall be at least 10 Hz. The signal shall be filtered using a 1 second window moving average filter.

The wind speed shall be determined by the first sensor on the platform or by a separate wind sensor installed 1,2 m above platform. The ambient wind speed is equivalent to the mean wind speed in the 3-second interval occurring before the train passes the wind sensor. The ambient wind speed shall be less than or equal to 2 m/s.

The uncertainty in the air speed measurements shall be determined and shall not exceed ±3 %.

The uncertainty in the train speed measurement shall be determined and shall not exceed ±1 %.

4.2.6.2.3.   Pressure loads in open air

A full length train, running at a given speed (reference case) in the open air shall not cause the maximum peak-to-peak pressure of changes to exceed a value Δp2σ as set out in Table 10 over the range of heights 1,5 m to 3,3 m above the top of rail, and at a distance of 2,5 m from the track centre, during the whole train passage (including the passing of the head, couplings and tail). The maximum peak-to-peak pressure changes are tabulated below:

Table 10

Maximum permissible pressure changes in open air

Train	Reference train speed	Maximum permissible pressure change Δp2σ
Class 1	250 km/h	795 Pa
Class 2	At maximum speed	720 Pa

Conformity assessment

Conformity shall be assessed on the basis of full-scale tests and with a maximum length of the defined formations.

Detailed specifications

Tests shall be undertaken on ballasted, straight track. The vertical distance between the top of rail and the surrounding ground level is 0,75m ± 0,25m. The considered event shall be that of a whole train passing and shall consist of the time period starting 1 second before the passing of the train head and finishing 10 seconds after the train tail passes.

The measurements shall be taken at 1,5 m, 1,8 m, 2,1 m, 2,4 m, 2,7 m, 3,0 m and 3,3 m height above the top of rail and shall be analysed separately for each measuring position. For any position the Δp2σ-requirement needs to be fulfilled.

The value Δp2σ shall be the upper bound of a 2σ interval of (pmax – pmin) based on at least 10 independent and comparable test samples (at a certain measuring height) with ambient wind speeds of less than or equal to 2 m/s.

Δp2σ is given by:

with

	mean value of all peak-to-peak pressure measurements Δpi, i ≥ 10
σ	standard deviation

A number of sensors are permitted to be used to obtain several independent measurements from one train passage. Such sensors shall be separated from each other by a distance of at least 20 m.

For a valid set of measurements, conditions for train speed vtr are:

—	at least 50 % of the measurements shall be within ±5 % of the reference train speed and

—	100 % of the measurements shall be within ±10 % of the reference train speed.

The wind speed and direction shall be determined using a meteorological station installed near to the pressure measurement location, at 2 m above the top of rail and at 4 m distance to the track. The ambient wind speed shall be equivalent to the mean wind speed in the 15 second interval occurring before the train head passes the wind sensor. The ambient wind shall be less than or equal to 2 m/s.

The pressure sensors used shall be capable of measuring the pressure with a minimum of 150 Hz resolution. All pressure sensors shall be connected to the static pressure opening of Prandtl tubes directed in longitudinal x-direction. It is permitted to use a method that is proven to be equivalent.

The uncertainty in the pressure measurements shall be determined and shall not exceed ±2 %.

The uncertainty in the train speed measurement shall be determined and shall not exceed ±1 %.

The pressure signal shall be analogue low pass filtered with a 75 Hz 6 pole Butterworth low pass filter or equivalent. For each pressure sensor and run the maximum pressure peak-to-peak value during the whole passage Δpm,i shall be computed and then corrected to the investigated train speed vtr and to standard density ρo. using the following formula

with:

Δpi	:	the corrected peak-to-peak pressure change
Δpm,i	:	the measured peak-to-peak pressure change for sample i
ρi	:	the air density measured at the test site for sample i
vw,x,i	:	the measured wind speed component in x-direction for sample i
vtr,i	:	the measured train speed for sample i
vtr	:	the investigated train speed
ρo	:	the standard density of 1,225 kg/m3

4.2.6.3.   Crosswind

A train is deemed to meet the crosswind requirements if its characteristic wind curves (CWC: as defined in Annex G) of its most wind sensitive vehicle are superior or at least equivalent to a set of characteristic reference wind curves (CRWC).

The set of CRWC to assess conformity of rolling stock is given in the Tables 11, 12, 13 and 14 for Class 1 vehicles for which the characteristic wind curves (CWC) shall calculated according to the method detailed in Annex G.

Limiting values and corresponding methods for Class 1 tilting trains and Class 2 vehicles is an open issue.

Table 11

Reference characteristic wind speeds for angle βw=90° (vehicle on straight track with a lateral uncompensated acceleration: aq = 0 m/s2).

Train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s	Reference characteristic wind speed for the embankment case in m/s
120 km/h	38,0	34,1
160 km/h	36,4	31,3
200 km/h	34,8	28,5
250 km/h	32,8	25,0
steps of 50 km/h up to vtr,max	see lines below	see lines below

Maximum train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s	Reference characteristic wind speed for the embankment case in m/s
vtr,max= 260 km/h	32,4	24,5
vtr,max= 270 km/h	32,0	24,0
vtr,max= 280 km/h	31,6	23,5
vtr,max= 290 km/h	31,2	23,0
vtr,max= 300 km/h	30,8	22,5
vtr,max= 310 km/h	30,4	22,0
vtr,max= 320 km/h	30,0	21,5
vtr,max= 330 km/h	29,6	21,0
vtr,max= 340 km/h	29,2	20,5
vtr,max= 350 km/h	28,8	20,0

As an example the table shall be used as follows: For a maximum train speed of 330 km/h, the CWC values shall be assessed at the following speeds 120 km/h, 160 km/h, 200 km/h, 250 km/h, 300 km/h and 330 km/h.

Table 12

Reference characteristic wind speeds for angle βw=90° (vehicle in a curve with aq = 0,5 m/s2 and with aq = 1,0 m/s2).

Train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s for lateral acceleration aq = 0,5 m/s2	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s for lateral acceleration aq = 1,0 m/s2
250 km/h	29,5	26,0
steps of 50 km/h up to vtr,max	see lines below	see lines below

Maximum train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s for lateral acceleration aq = 0,5 m/s2	Reference characteristic wind speed for the flat ground case (without ballast and rails) in m/s for lateral acceleration aq = 1,0 m/s2
vtr,max= 260 km/h	29,1	25,6
vtr,max= 270 km/h	28,7	25,2
vtr,max= 280 km/h	28,3	24,8
vtr,max= 290 km/h	27,9	24,4
vtr,max= 300 km/h	27,5	24,0
vtr,max= 310 km/h	27,1	23,6
vtr,max= 320 km/h	26,7	23,2
vtr,max= 330 km/h	26,3	22,8
vtr,max= 340 km/h	25,9	22,4
vtr,max= 350 km/h	25,5	22,0

Table 13

Reference Characteristic wind speeds for vtr= vtr,max (vehicle on flat ground without ballast and rails on straight track).

Considered max. train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed in m/s for angle βw
	80°	70°	60°	50°	40°	30°	20°	10°
vtr,max= 250 km/h	32,5	33,2	35,0	38,2	43,6	45	45	—
vtr,max= 260 km/h	32,1	32,8	34,5	37,7	43,0	45	45	—
vtr,max= 270 km/h	31,7	32,4	34,1	37,3	42,5	45	45	—
vtr,max= 280 km/h	31,3	32,0	33,7	36,8	42,0	45	45	—
vtr,max= 290 km/h	30,9	31,5	33,3	36,3	41,4	45	45	—
vtr,max= 300 km/h	30,5	31,1	32,8	35,9	40,9	45	45	—
vtr,max= 310 km/h	30,1	30,7	32,4	35,4	40,4	45	45	—
vtr,max= 320 km/h	29,7	30,3	32,0	34,9	39,8	45	45	—
vtr,max= 330 km/h	29,3	29,9	31,6	34,5	39,3	45	45	—
vtr,max= 340 km/h	28,9	29,5	31,1	34,0	38,8	45	45	—
vtr,max= 350 km/h	28,5	29,1	30,7	33,5	38,2	45	45	—

Table 14

Reference characteristic wind speeds for vtr= vtr,max (vehicle on a 6m embankment on straight track).

Considered max. train speed	Reference characteristic wind speed in m/s for angle βw
	80°	70°	60°	50°	40°	30°	20°	10°
vtr,max= 250 km/h	24,6	25,0	26,1	28,4	32,0	38,1	45	45
vtr,max= 260 km/h	24,1	24,5	25,6	27,8	31,4	37,4	45	45
vtr,max= 270 km/h	23,6	24,0	25,1	27,2	30,7	36,6	45	45
vtr,max= 280 km/h	23,1	23,5	24,6	26,7	30,1	35,8	45	45
vtr,max= 290 km/h	22,6	23,0	24,1	26,1	29,5	35,1	45	45
vtr,max= 300 km/h	22,1	22,5	23,5	25,5	28,8	34,3	45	45
vtr,max= 310 km/h	21,7	22,0	23,0	25,0	28,2	33,5	43,0	45
vtr,max= 320 km/h	21,2	21,5	22,5	24,4	27,5	32,8	42,1	45
vtr,max= 330 km/h	20,7	21,0	22,0	23,8	26,9	32,0	41,1	45
vtr,max= 340 km/h	20,2	20,5	21,4	23,2	26,3	31,3	40,1	45
vtr,max= 350 km/h	19,7	20,0	20,9	22,7	25,6	30,5	39,1	45

Superiority or equivalence to the reference curves is given if all the CWC-points relevant for the comparison are equal to or higher than the corresponding ones of the reference set.

4.2.6.4.   Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

Rolling stock shall be aerodynamically designed so that for a given combination (reference case) of train speed and tunnel cross section in case of a solo run in a simple, non-inclined tube-like tunnel (without any shafts etc.) a requirement for the characteristic pressure variation shall be met. The requirements are given in the Table 15.

Table 15

Requirements for interoperable train in a solo-run in a non-inclined tube-like tunnel.

Train Type	Reference Case		Criteria for the Reference Case
	vtr [km/h]	Atu [m2]	ΔpN [Pa]	ΔpN+ΔpFr [Pa]	ΔpN+ΔpFr+ΔpT [Pa]
vtr,max < 250 km/h	200	53,6	≤ 1 750	≤ 3 000	≤ 3 700
vtr,max≥ 250 km/h	250	63,0	≤ 1 600	≤ 3 000	≤ 4 100

Where vtr is the train speed and Atu is the tunnel cross sectional area.

Conformity shall be proven on the basis of full-scale tests, carried out at reference speed or at a higher speed in a tunnel with a cross-sectional area as close to the reference case as possible. Transfer to the reference condition shall be done with validated simulation software.

When assessing conformity of whole trains or trainsets, assessment shall be made with the maximum length of the train or coupled trainsets up to 400 m.

When assessing conformity of locomotives or driving coaches, assessment shall be done on a basis of two arbitrary train compositions of minimum length 150 m, one with a leading locomotive or driving coach (to check the ΔpN) and one with a locomotive or a driving coach at the end (to check ΔpT). ΔpFr is set to 1250 Pa (for trains with vtr,max < 250 km/h) or to 1400 Pa (for trains with vtr,max ≥ 250 km/h).

When assessing conformity of coaches only, assessment shall be done on the basis of one 400 m long train. ΔpN is set to 1750 Pa and ΔpT to 700 Pa (for trains with vtr,max < 250 km/h) or to 1600 Pa and 1100 Pa (for trains with vtr,max ≥ 250 km/h).

For the distance xp between the entrance portal and the measuring position, the definitions of ΔpFr, ΔpN, ΔpT, the minimum tunnel length and further information about the derivation of the characteristic pressure variation see EN14067-5:2006.

4.2.6.5.   Exterior noise

4.2.6.5.1.   Introduction

Noise emitted by rolling stock subdivides into stationary noise, starting noise, and pass-by noise.

The stationary noise is highly influenced by auxiliaries, such as cooling systems, air conditioning and compressors.

Starting noise is a combination of contributions from traction components such as diesel engines and cooling fans, auxiliaries and, sometimes, wheel slip.

Pass-by noise is highly influenced by the rolling noise, linked to the wheel/rail interaction, which is a function of speed, and at higher speeds, by aerodynamic noise.

The rolling noise itself is caused by the combined wheel and rail roughness and by the dynamic behaviour of the track and wheelset.

In addition to the rolling noise, at low speed, the noise of auxiliaries and traction equipment is also significant.

The emitted level of noise is characterised by:

—	Sound pressure level (measured by a specified method, including specified microphone position),

—	Speed of the rolling stock,

—	Rail roughness,

—	Dynamic and sound radiation behaviour of the track.

The parameters set for the characterisation of stationary noise comprise:

—	Sound pressure level, (measured by a specified method, including specified microphone position),

—	Operating conditions.

4.2.6.5.2.   Limits for stationary noise

The limits for stationary noise are defined at a distance of 7,5 m from the centreline of the track, 1,2 m above the upper surface of the rails. The vehicles under test shall be in service retention mode; that is rheostatic ventilation off and air brake compressor off, HVAC normal (not preconditioning mode) and all other equipment in normal operating condition. The measuring conditions are defined by the standard EN ISO 3095:2005 with the deviations defined in Annex N of this TSI. The parameter for the sound pressure level is LpAeq,T. The limiting values for the noise emission of the vehicles under the conditions mentioned above are given in Table 16.

Table 16

Limiting values LpAeq,T for the stationary noise of rolling stock. The specified level for stationary noise is the energy-average of all measured values taken at the measuring points defined in Annex N 1.1 of this TSI.

Vehicles	LpAeq,T[dB(A)]
	Class 1	Class 2
Electric locomotives		75
Diesel locomotives		75
Electric trainsets	68	68
Diesel trainsets		73
Passenger coaches		65

4.2.6.5.3.   Limits for starting noise

The limits for starting noise are defined at a distance of 7,5 m from the centreline of the track, 1,2 m above the upper surface of the rails. The measuring conditions are defined by the standard EN ISO 3095:2005 with the deviations defined in Annex N1.2 The indicator for the sound level is LpAFmax. The limiting values for the starting noise of the vehicles under the conditions stated above are given in Table 17.

Table 17

Limiting values LpAFmax for the starting noise of rolling stock

Vehicles	LpAFmax[dB(A)]
Electric locomotives P ≥ 4 500  kW at the wheel rim	85
Electric locomotives P < 4 500  kW at the wheel rim	82
Diesel locomotives	89
Class 2 Electric trainsets	82
Class 1 Electric trainsets	85
Diesel trainsets	85

4.2.6.5.4.   Limits for pass-by noise

The limits for pass-by noise are defined at a distance of 25 m from the centreline of the reference track, 3,5 m above the upper surface of the rails for a vehicle speed indicated in Table 18 below. The indicator for the A weighted equivalent continuous sound level is LpAeq,Tp.

The measurements shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 3095:2005 with deviations stated in Annex N1.3 and N1.4.

The test train shall consist of:

—	In the case of a trainset, the trainset itself

—

In the case of locomotive, the locomotive to be tested plus four coaches. The pass-by noise of these four coaches LpAeq,Tp measured at 7,5 m from the track centre 1,2 m above the top of rail and at 200 km/h on the reference track shall not exceed 92 dB (A). Alternatively two locomotives of the same type and 8 coaches are permitted to be used in any configuration

—

In the case of coaches, the four coaches to be tested plus one locomotive. The pass-by noise of the locomotive LpAeq,Tp measured at 7,5 m from the track centre 1,2 m above the top of rail and at 200 km/h on the reference track shall not exceed 97 dB (A). Alternatively two locomotives of the same type and 8 coaches are permitted to be used in any configuration.

The two latter cases are defined as a ‘variable formation’ in this section.

The limiting values for the noise emission of the full test train LpAeq,Tp at 25 m 3,5 m above top of rail are given in Table 18.

Table 18

Limiting values LpAeq,Tp for the pass-by noise of rolling stock

Rolling stock		Speed [km/h]
		200	250	300	320
Class 1	Trainset		87 dB(A)	91 dB(A)	92 dB(A)
Class 2	Trainset or variable formations	88 dB(A)

A margin of 1 dB(A) is accepted on the values given in table 18

4.2.6.6.   Exterior electromagnetic interference

For trains, with all forms of traction, the generation and distribution of electrical energy causes interference of high or low intensity by conduction (e.g. through the catenary and rail) and by electromagnetic radiation. In addition, on-board equipment can cause interference.

4.2.6.6.1.   Interference generated on the signalling system and the telecommunications network:

Open point

4.2.6.6.2.   Electromagnetic interference:

In order to avoid degrading the proper operation of rolling stock due to electromagnetic interference, the requirements of the following standards shall be met:

—	EN 50121-3-1:2000 for the total rolling stock subsystem,

—	EN 50121-3-2:2000 for the different kinds of on-board equipment susceptible to interference.

4.2.7.   System protection

4.2.7.1.   Emergency exits

4.2.7.1.1.   Passengers’ emergency exits

A.   Arrangement

Emergency exits shall conform to the following rules:

—	The distance between each passenger seat and an emergency exit shall always be less than 16 m.

—	There shall be a minimum of two emergency exits in each vehicle accommodating 40 passengers or less. There shall be three or more in each vehicle accommodating more than 40 passengers. It is not permitted to place all the emergency exits exclusively on one side of the vehicle.

—	The minimum dimensions of the opening through the emergency exits shall be 700 mm x 550 mm. It is permissible to position seats in this area.

B.   Operation

External access doors shall be used as emergency exits as a priority. If this is not possible, it shall be possible to use the following as emergency routes either separately or in combination:

—	designated windows, by ejection of the window or glazing or by breaking the glass,

—	compartment and gangway doors, by rapid removal of the door or breaking the glass,

—	external access doors, by ejecting them or breaking the glass.

C.   Signage

Emergency exits shall be clearly identified to passengers and rescue teams by means of suitable signs.

D.   Evacuation via the doors

Trains shall be equipped with emergency devices (emergency steps or ladders) allowing the evacuation of passengers via access doors when not present at a platform

4.2.7.1.2.   Driver's cab emergency exits

In an emergency, evacuation from the driver's cab (or access to the interior of the train by the emergency services) shall normally be by means of the access doors specified in clause 4.2.2.6.a.

Where the doors do not give direct external access, each driver's cab shall be provided with an appropriate means of evacuation through the side windows or through the trap doors, on both sides of the cab. These emergency exits shall each have minimum dimensions of 500 mm by 400 mm to allow for the release of trapped persons.

4.2.7.2.   Fire safety

For the purpose of this clause the following definitions apply:

Electrical supply line: The line between the current collector or current source and the main circuit breaker or the main fuse(s) on the vehicle.

Traction circuit equipment: Both the traction module as defined in clause 4.2.8.1 and the power equipment feeding the traction module from the electrical supply line

4.2.7.2.1.   Introduction

This section states requirements to prevent, detect and limit the effects of a train fire.

Two categories are defined in this section, Category A and Category B, defined as follows:

category A Fire safety:

Category A Fire safety rolling stock is designed and built to operate on infrastructure with tunnels and/or elevated sections of maximum length of 5km. Successive tunnels are not considered as one tunnel if both of the two following requirements are fulfilled:

—	the separation between them in open air is longer than 500 m

—	there is an access/egress facility to a safe area within the open section

category B Fire safety

Category B Fire safety rolling stock is designed and built to operate on all infrastructures (including those with tunnels and/or elevated sections with lengths exceeding 5 km).

For category B fire safety rolling stock additional measures set out in clauses 4.2.7.2.3.3 and 4.2.7.2.4 are required to improve the probability that a train will continue to operate in the event that a fire is detected as it enters a tunnel. These measures are intended to enable a train to reach a suitable place to stop and allow passengers and staff to be evacuated from the train to a place of safety.

There are no additional requirements for rolling stock relating to tunnels longer than 20 km because these tunnels are specially equipped to be safe for trains compliant with this TSI. Details remain an open point in the High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.2.7.2.2.   Measures to prevent fire

Materials and components selection shall take into account their fire behaviour properties.

Design measures shall be implemented in order to prevent ignition.

The conformity requirements are addressed in Clause7.1.6

4.2.7.2.3.   Measures to detect/control fire

4.2.7.2.3.1.   Fire detection

The high fire risk areas on rolling stock shall be equipped with a system that can detect fire in an early stage and that can initiate appropriate automatic actions to minimize the subsequent risk to passengers and train staff.

This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied by the verification of conformity to the following requirements:

—

The rolling stock shall be equipped with a fire detection system that can detect a fire in an early stage in the following areas: — technical compartment or cabinet, sealed or not sealed, containing electrical supply line and/or traction circuit equipment — technical area with a combustion engine — in sleeping cars, sleeping compartments, staff compartments and gangways and their adjacent combustion heating equipment

—	Upon activation of the detection system of a technical area, the following automatic actions shall be required: — notification to the train driver — shut down of forced ventilation and high voltage energy/fuel supply to the affected equipment that could cause the fire to develop

—

Upon activation of the detection system of a sleeping compartment, the following automatic actions shall be required: — notification to the train driver and the train manager responsible for the affected area — for the sleeping compartment — activation of an acoustic local alarm in the affected area that is sufficient to wake the passengers

4.2.7.2.3.2.   Fire extinguisher

The rolling stock shall be equipped with adequate and sufficient portable water plus additive type fire extinguishers in accordance with the requirements of EN3-3:1994; EN3-6:1999: and EN3-7:2004 at appropriate locations.

4.2.7.2.3.3.   Fire resistance

For category B fire safety, the rolling stock shall be equipped with adequate fire barriers and partitions at appropriate locations.

The conformity with this requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied by the verification of conformity to the following requirements:

—	The rolling stock shall be equipped with full cross section partitions within passenger/staff areas of each vehicle, with a maximum separation of 28m which shall satisfy requirements for integrity for a minimum of 15 minutes. (Assuming the fire can start from either side of the partition)

—

The rolling stock shall be equipped with fire barriers that shall satisfy requirements for integrity and heat insulation for a minimum of 15 minutes. — Between the drivers cab and the compartment to the rear of it (assuming the fire starts in the rear compartment). — Between combustion engine and adjacent passenger/staff areas. (Assuming the fire starts in the combustion engine) — Between compartments with electrical supply line and/or traction circuit equipment and passenger/staff area. (Assuming the fire starts in the electrical supply line and/or the traction circuit equipment)

The test shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of EN 1363-1:1999 partition test.

4.2.7.2.4.   Additional measures to improve running capability

4.2.7.2.4.1.   Trains of all categories of fire safety

These measures are applicable to rolling stock designated as category A or B fire safety of this TSI.

These measures are required to improve the probability that a train will continue to operate for 4 minutes in the event that a fire is detected as the train enters a tunnel section. This requirement is made so that the train will reach a suitable place to stop and allow passengers and staff to be evacuated from the train to a place of safety.

This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied by a failure mode analysis relating to the following requirement:

The brakes shall not automatically apply to bring the train to a halt as a result of system failure caused by a fire assuming the fire is in a technical compartment or cabinet, sealed or unsealed, containing electrical supply line and/or traction circuit equipment or a technical area with a combustion engine.

4.2.7.2.4.2.   Category B fire safety

These measures are applicable to rolling stock designated as category B fire safety only of this TSI.

These measures are required to improve the probability that a train will continue to operate for 15 minutes in the event that a fire is detected as the train enters a tunnel. This requirement is made so that the train will reach a suitable place to stop and allow passengers and staff to be evacuated from the train to a place of safety.

This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied by a failure mode analysis relating to the following requirements:

—

Brakes — The brakes shall not automatically apply to bring the train to a halt as a result of system failure caused by a fire assuming the fire is in a technical compartment or cabinet, sealed or unsealed, containing electrical supply line and/or traction circuit equipment or a technical area with a combustion engine.

—

Traction — 50 % minimum traction redundancy as defined in clause 4.2.8.1 shall be available in degraded mode running capability, assuming the source of the fire is in a technical compartment/cabinet, sealed or unsealed, with electrical supply line and/or traction circuit equipment or a technical area with a combustion engine. If this redundancy requirement cannot be satisfied for reason of traction equipment architecture (e. g. traction equipment in one single place of the train), an automatic fire extinguishing system shall be provided in the locations described in this bullet point.

4.2.7.2.5.   Specific measures for tanks containing flammable liquids

4.2.7.2.5.1.   General

Transformer tanks are included only if they contain flammable liquids

Where partition walls divide tanks internally, the complete tank shall fulfil the requirements.

Tanks shall be built, located or protected so that they or their piping cannot be punctured or fractured by debris thrown up from the track. Tanks shall not be installed in

—	crash energy absorption zones;

—	passenger seating areas and areas of temporary occupation by passengers;

—	luggage compartments;

—	drivers cabs.

Tanks constructed to the following requirements are deemed to satisfy the minimum impact performance.

If other materials are used, equivalent safety shall be demonstrated.

The thickness of walls of tanks for flammable liquids shall have a minimum of:

Volume	Steel	Aluminium
≤ 2 000  l	2,0 mm	3,0 mm
> 2 000  l	3,0 mm	4,0 mm

The temperature of the flammable liquid in the tank shall remain below its flash point according to EN ISO 2719 under all normal operating conditions.

The design of flammable liquid tanks shall ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, that during filling or draining or in the event of leakage from a tank or its pipe work, flammable liquids cannot:

—	come into contact with rotating machinery which might result in a spray;

—	be drawn into any device in suction e.g. ventilators, coolers etc.;

—	come into contact with hot components or electrical devices, which may produce electrical spark;

—	penetrate into layers of thermal and acoustic insulation material.

4.2.7.2.5.2.   Specific requirements for fuel tanks

Filling limit indicators shall be provided that indicate 90 % of the nominal fuel tank volume.

The output from the limit indicator device shall be easily understandable from the filler position.

It shall be ensured that flammable liquid cannot escape from filler pipes or other openings under normal banking (cant) conditions.

To avoid confusion the kind of appropriate flammable liquid shall be clearly labelled at the filling pipe of the fuel tank. The labelling of the flammable liquid shall be given textual in accordance to safety data sheets according ISO 11014-1. The following danger signs shall be displayed in the vicinity of the filling pipe:

Danger sign according Directive 92/58/EEC

Or danger sign according Directive 92/58/EEC

4.2.7.3.   Protection against electric shock

Electrically live components shall be designed such that conscious and unconscious contact with train staff and passengers is prevented, in normal operation and in case of equipment failure.

All trains shall be equipped with appropriate tools to earth the vehicles. The driver's manual, kept on the train, and the maintenance manual shall describe their use.

Rolling stock shall comply with the requirements of EN 50153: 2002.

Rolling stock shall comply with the provisions of Annex O of this TSI for earthing protection.

4.2.7.4.   External lights and horn

4.2.7.4.1.   Front and rear lights

4.2.7.4.1.1.   Head lights

Two white head lamps shall be provided at the front end of the train, arranged on the horizontal axis at the same height above the rail level, symmetrical about the centre line, and at a minimum of 1 300 mm apart. Where the presence of a tapered nose cone means 1 300 mm is not achievable it is permissible to reduce this dimension to 1 000 mm

Headlamps shall be mounted between 1 500 and 2 000 mm above the rail level.

The headlamps shall be installed on the vehicle such that the vertical illuminance at a distance of greater than or equal to 100 m is less than 0,5 lux at rail level.

Requirements on headlamps as interoperability constituents are defined in clause H.2 of Annex H.

4.2.7.4.1.2.   Marker lights

Three white marker lamps shall be provided at the front end of the train. Two marker lamps shall be arranged on the horizontal axis at the same height above the rail level, symmetrical about the centre line, and at a minimum of 1 300 mm apart. Where the presence of a tapered nose cone means 1 300 mm is not achievable it is permissible to reduce this dimension to 1 000 mm. The third marker lamp shall be arranged centrally above the two lower lamps.

The two lower marker lamps shall be mounted between 1 500 and 2 000 mm above the rail level.

Requirements on marker lamps as interoperability constituents are defined in clause H.2 of Annex H.

4.2.7.4.1.3.   Tail lights

Two red tail lamps shall be provided at the rear end of the train, arranged on the horizontal axis at the same height above the rail level, symmetrical about the centre line, and at a minimum of 1 300 mm apart. Where the presence of a tapered nose cone means 1 300 mm is not achievable it is permissible to reduce this dimension to 1 000 mm

Tail lamps shall be mounted between 1 500 and 2 000 mm above the rail level.

Requirements on tail lamps as interoperability constituents are defined in clause H.3 of Annex H.

4.2.7.4.1.4.   Lamp controls

A driver shall be able to control the head and marker lamps from the normal driving position. The following functions shall be provided:

(i)	All lamps off

(ii)	Dimmed marker lamps on (daytime and night-time use for bad weather conditions)

(iii)

Full marker lamps on (daytime and nighttime use in normal weather conditions)

(iv)	Dimmed headlamps on (daytime and nighttime by driver's choice;)

(v)	Full-beam headlamps on (daytime and nighttime by driver's choice. Dimmed headlamps shall be used when passing trains, intersecting roads, and passing stations.)

The tail lamps at the rear end of the train shall be automatically switched on when function ii), iii), iv) or v) above is selected. This requirement shall not be applicable for variable formations.

The external lamps located at intermediate points within the train shall be switched off.

In addition to their traditional role as the front and rear lamps, it is permissible in emergency to use the lamps in specific ways and arrangements.

4.2.7.4.2.   Horns

4.2.7.4.2.1.   General

Trains shall be fitted with horns with two distinct tones. The notes of the audible warning horns are intended to be recognisable as being from a train and not be similar to warning devices used in road transport or as factory or other common warning devices. The acceptable Warning Horn notes shall be either:

(a)	Two separately sounded warning horns. The fundamental frequencies of the warning horn notes shall be: high note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz low note: 311 Hz ± 20 Hz or

(b)	Two warning horns sounded together as a chord (for the high note). The fundamental frequencies of the chord notes shall be: high note: 622 Hz ± 30 Hz low note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz or

(c)	Two warning horns sounded together as a chord (for the high note). The fundamental frequencies of the chord notes shall be: high note: 470 Hz ± 25 Hz low note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz or

(d)	Three warning horns sounded together as a chord (for the high note). The fundamental frequencies of the chord notes shall be: high note: 622 Hz ± 30 Hz middle note: 470 Hz ± 25 Hz low note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz

4.2.7.4.2.2.   Warning horn sound pressure levels

The A or C weighted sound pressure level produced by each horn sounded separately (or in a group if designed to sound simultaneously as a chord) shall be between 115dB and 123 dB when measured and verified in accordance with the method defined below. The 115dB sound pressure level shall be achieved when the system air pressure is at 5 bar and the 123dB sound pressure level shall not be exceeded when the system air pressure is at 9 bar.

4.2.7.4.2.3.   Protection

Warning horns and their control systems shall be protected, so far as is practicable, from impact and subsequent blockage by airborne objects such as debris, dust, snow, hail or birds.

4.2.7.4.2.4.   Verification of sound pressure levels

Sound pressure levels shall be measured 5 metres from the front of the train at the same height as the horn and over a ground covering of new, clean ballast.

Noise measurements of warning horns shall be carried out at an open site which generally meets the requirements of figure 2, where:

D = 5m.

R ≥ 1,3 D = 6,5m.

Figure 2

Open site for warning horn measurements

For pneumatic horns, noise measurements shall be carried out when the air pressure in the main reservoir is at 5 bar and 9 bar.

In order to minimise environmental impact it is advisable that the C weighted sound pressure level when measured 5 metres from the side of the train, at the same height as the horn, in line with the front of the horn is at least 5dB lower than the level measured in front of the train.

4.2.7.4.2.5.   Interoperability constituent requirements

The fundamental frequencies of the notes of the horns shall be either:

622 Hz ± 30 Hz

or

470 Hz ± 25 Hz

or

370 Hz ± 20 Hz

or

311 Hz ± 20 Hz

4.2.7.5.   Lifting/rescue procedures

The train manufacturer shall provide the relevant technical information to the railway undertaking.

4.2.7.6.   Interior noise

The interior noise level of passenger vehicles is not considered to be a Basic Parameter and is not therefore the subject of this TSI.

The noise level within the driver's cab is the subject of Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise) and shall be applied by railway undertakings and their staff. For the EC verification of rolling stock fulfilment of the requirements of this TSI is sufficient. The limiting values are defined in Table 19.

Table 19

Limiting values LpAeq,T for the noise within the driver's cab of rolling stock

Noise within the driver's cab	LpAeq,T [dB(A)]	Measurement time interval [s]
Standstill (during external acoustical warning in accordance with clause 4.2.7.4.	95	3
Maximum speed. (open country without interior and exterior warnings)	80	60

The measurements shall be done under the following conditions:

—	the doors and windows shall be closed,

—	the hauled loads shall be equal to at least two-thirds of the maximum permissible value,

—	For the measurements at maximum speed, the microphone shall be positioned at the height of the driver's ear (in the seated position), at the centre of a horizontal plane extending from the front windowpanes to the rear wall of the cab.

—	For measurements of the horn's impact, 8 evenly spaced microphone positions around the position of the driver's head with a radius of 25 cm (in the seated position) shall be used, in a horizontal plane. The arithmetic mean of the 8 values shall be assessed against the limit.

—	The wheels and track shall be in good running order;

—	The maximum speed shall be maintained for at least 90 % of the measurement time.

It is permissible to subdivide the measurement time into several short periods in order to comply with the above-mentioned conditions.

4.2.7.7.   Air conditioning

Driving cabs shall be ventilated by a fresh airflow of 30m3/hr per person. It is permitted to interrupt this airflow when running in tunnels providing the carbon dioxide concentration does not exceed 5 000 ppm assuming the initial carbon dioxide concentration lower than 1 000 ppm.

4.2.7.8.   Driver's vigilance device

Any lack of driver vigilance shall be detected within 30 to 60 seconds and shall lead, in the absence of driver reaction, to, as a minimum, an automatic full service brake application on the train and a cessation of re-filling of the main brake pipe.

4.2.7.9.   Control-command and signalling system

4.2.7.9.1.   General

The interface characteristics between the rolling stock and the control-command and signalling subsystem are included in clause 4.2.1.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006. Amongst others the following requirements of this High Speed Rolling Stock TSI are relevant:

—	The minimum braking characteristics for the train specified in clause 4.2.4.1;

—	Compatibility between the ground-based train detection systems and the rolling stock, specified in clause 4.2.6.6.1;

—	Compatibility between the detectors fixed under vehicles and the dynamic clearances of those vehicles specified in clause 4.2.3.1;

—	The environmental conditions for the on-board equipment are specified in clause 4.2.6.1

—	Electromagnetic compatibility with on-board control-command equipment specified in clause 4.2.6.6.3;

—	Train characteristics concerning braking (specified in section 4.2.4), and train length (specified in clause 4.2.3.5);

—	Electromagnetic compatibility with the ground-based systems specified in clause 4.2.6.6.2.

In addition, the following functions are directly linked with parameters defined by the control-command and signalling subsystem.

—	Operation in particular failure/degraded mode conditions as specified in clause 4.2.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

—	Monitoring to ensure that the train speed is at all times less than or at most equal to the maximum permitted speed in the operating environment.

Information about the characteristics of these interfaces is given in Tables 5.1 A, 5.1 B and 6.1 in the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006. In addition, reference to European standards and specifications to be used as part of the assessment procedure for conformity are indicated, for each characteristic, in Annex A of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Position of control-command and signalling system on-board antennae is specified in clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.5 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.2.7.9.2.   Wheelset location

The requirements for wheelset location linked to the control-command and signalling subsystem are as follows:

The distance between two consecutive axles of a vehicle shall not exceed the values that are specified in clause 2.1.1 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006, and shall not be less than the value that is specified in clause 2.1.3 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

The longitudinal distance from the first axle or from the last axle to the nearest end of the vehicle (i.e. nearest end of coupler, buffer or vehicle nose) shall comply with the requirements given in clause 2.1.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

The distance between the first and the last axle of a vehicle shall not be less than the value that is specified in clause 2.1.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.2.7.9.3.   Wheels

The requirements for wheels linked to control-command and signalling subsystem are specified in clause 2.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Requirements for the ferromagnetic qualities of the wheel material are specified in clause 3.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.2.7.10.   Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

The functions and equipment specified in this TSI and repeated below, shall be monitored by themselves or externally:

—	Door operation as specified in clause 4.2.2.4.2.1

—	Instability detection, as specified in clause 4.2.3.4.5

—	On-board axle box health monitoring, as specified in clause 4.2.3.3.2.1

—	Activation of the passenger alarm as specified in clause 4.2.5.3

—	Brake system as specified in clause 4.2.4.3

—	Derailment detection as specified in clause 4.2.3.4.11

—	Fire detection as specified in clause 4.2.7.2.3

—	Failure of the driver vigilance device as specified in clause 4.2.7.8

—	Control-command and signalling subsystem information as specified in clause 4.2.7.9

This monitoring of the functions and equipment shall be continuous, or at a frequency to ensure reliable detection of failure. For Class 1 trains the system shall also be linked to the on-board diagnosis data recorder to allow traceability. For all classes of trains the recording related requirements for control-command and signalling subsystem as described in the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 are mandatory.

Indication to the driver shall be made of such detection, and shall require reaction by the driver.

Appropriate automatic braking shall be required where a functional failure occurs on the driver vigilance device or on the control-command and signalling subsystem onboard the trains.

4.2.7.11.   Particular specification for tunnels

4.2.7.11.1.   Passenger and train crew areas equipped with air conditioning

The train crew shall be able to minimise the distribution and inhalation of fumes in the event of a fire. For this purpose it shall be possible to switch off or close all means of external ventilation and switch off air conditioning. It is permissible to trigger these actions by remote control per train, or at the level of a single vehicle.

4.2.7.11.2.   Public address system

Requirements for communication systems are specified in clause 4.2.5.1.

4.2.7.12.   Emergency lighting system

To provide protection and safety on board in the event of emergency the trains shall be equipped with an emergency lighting system. This system shall provide a suitable lighting level in the passenger and in the service areas, as follows:

—	For a minimum Operating time of three hours after the main energy supply has failed,

—	Lighting level of at least 5 lux at floor level.

Values for specific areas and testing methods as defined in Clause 5.3 of EN13272:2001 and shall be complied with.

In the event of fire, the emergency lighting system shall continue to sustain at least 50 % of the emergency lighting in the vehicles not affected by fire for a minimum of 20 minutes. This requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilled by a satisfactory failure mode analysis.

4.2.7.13.   Software

Software which has an impact on safety related functions shall be developed and assessed in accordance with the requirements of EN50128: 2001 and EN50155:2001/A1:2002.

4.2.7.14.   Driver-Machine-Interface (DMI)

The European Traffic Control System display for driving cabs remains an open point.

4.2.7.15.   Vehicle identification

Open point

4.2.8.   Traction and electrical equipment

4.2.8.1.   Traction performance requirements

In order to guarantee proper compatibility with other train operations, the mean minimum accelerations calculated over time on a level track shall be as set out in Table 20.

Table 20

Calculated minimum mean accelerations

	Class 1 accelerations m/s2	Class 2 accelerations m/s2
0 to 40 km/h	0,40	0,30
0 to 120 km/h	0,32	0,28
0 to 160 km/h	0,17	0,17

At the maximum service speed and on level track, the train shall still be capable of an acceleration of at least 0,05 m/s2.

For reasons of availability, traffic flow, and safe clearance of tunnels, trains shall meet all the following conditions:

—	Performance shall be achieved with the nominal voltage;

—	One failed traction module shall not deprive a train of more than 25 % of its rated output on a Class 1 train and not more than 50 % on a Class 2 train;

—	On a Class 1 train a single failure of power equipment feeding the traction modules shall not deprive the train of more than 50 % of its traction power.

A traction module is defined as power electronic equipment feeding one or several traction motors and which is able to operate independently of the others.

Under these conditions it shall be possible for a train under normal load (as defined in clause 4.2.3.2) with one traction module out-of-service to start on the maximum gradient it is likely to encounter with an acceleration of approximately 0,05 m/s2. It shall be possible to move the train in this condition on the same gradient for ten minutes and to reach 60 km/h.

4.2.8.2.   Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements

(a)

To ensure a high availability of traction, the design of the train and the calculation of its traction performance shall not make use of wheel/rail adhesion exceeding the values given in Table 21. Table 21 Maximum allowed wheel/rail adhesion for traction performance calculation At start up and very low speed 30 % At 100 km/h 27,5 % At 200 km/h 19 % At 300 km/h 10 % Linear interpolation shall be made for intermediate speed values. These figures are required only for design and calculation purposes and not for assessment of anti-slip systems.

(b)	Traction axles shall be equipped with an anti-slip system. No assessment of this system is required.

4.2.8.3.   Functional and technical specification related to the electric power supply

The electrical characteristics of rolling stock which interface with the energy subsystem shall be considered under the following headings:

—	The voltage and frequency variations in the power supply,

—	The maximum power that can be drawn from theoverhead contact line,

—	The power factor of the alternating current supply,

—	The short over voltages generated by the operation of rolling stock,

—	The electromagnetic interference, see clause 4.2.6.6,

—	The other functional interfaces quoted in clause 4.2.8.3.7.

4.2.8.3.1.   Voltage and frequency of the power supply

4.2.8.3.1.1.   Power supply

Trains shall be able to operate within the range of voltages and frequencies as given in clause 4.2.2 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006 and specified in clause 4 of EN50163:2004.

4.2.8.3.1.2.   Energy recuperation

The general conditions for the return of energy to the overhead contact line from regenerative braking are specified in clause 4.2.4.3 of this TSI and in the clause 12.1.1 of EN50388:2005.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out according to the requirements of EN50388:2005, clause 14.7.1.

4.2.8.3.2.   Maximum power and maximum current that is permissible to draw from the overhead contact line

The installed power on a high-speed line determines the permissible power consumption of trains. Therefore, current limitation devices shall be installed on board as required in Section 7 of EN50388:2005. Conformity assessment shall be carried out in accordance EN50388:2005, clause 14.3.

For DC systems, the current at standstill shall be limited to the values specified in clause 4.2.20 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006.

4.2.8.3.3.   Power factor

The design data to be used for the power factor is set out in EN50388:2005, Section 6 with the following exception in yards, sidings and depots:

The power factor of the fundamental wave shall be ≥ 0,8 (2) under the following conditions:

—	the train is hotelling with traction power switched off and all auxiliaries running and

—	the active power being drawn is greater than 200 kW.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out according to the requirements of Section 6 and clause 14.2 of EN50388:2005.

4.2.8.3.4.   System energy disturbances

4.2.8.3.4.1.   Harmonic characteristics and related over-voltages on the overhead contact line

A traction unit shall not cause unacceptable overvoltages by generating harmonics. A compatibility assessment on the traction unit shall be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of clause 10 of EN50388:2005, that demonstrates that the traction unit does not generate harmonics beyond the defined limits.

4.2.8.3.4.2.   Effects of DC content in AC supply

The AC electric traction units shall be designed so that they are immune for small DC current the value of which is specified in clause 4.2.24 of the High-Speed Energy TSI 2006.

4.2.8.3.5.   Energy consumption measuring devices

If energy consumption measuring devices are to be installed on board trains, one device shall be used which shall be able to function in all Member States. The specification of this device remains an open point.

4.2.8.3.6.   Rolling stock subsystem requirements linked to pantographs

4.2.8.3.6.1.   Pantograph contact force

(a)   Requirements for mean contact force

The mean contact force Fm is formed by the static and aerodynamic components of the contact force with dynamic correction. F m represents a target value to be achieved in order to ensure current collection quality without undue arcing and to limit wear and hazards to contact strips.

The mean contact force is a characteristic of the pantograph for given rolling stock, its position in the train consist and a given vertical extension of the pantograph.

Rolling stock and pantographs fitted on rolling stock shall be designed to exert the mean contact force on the contact wire (at speeds above 80km/h) described in the following figures according to their intended use:

AC systems: Figure 4.2.15.1 of the High-Speed Energy TSI:2006 (Line category I, II and III)

DC systems: Figure 4.2.15.2 of the High-Speed Energy TSI:2006.

In the case of trains with multiple pantographs simultaneously in operation, the contact force Fm for any individual pantograph shall be no higher than the value given by the applicable curve in Figure 4.2.15.1 of the High-Speed Energy TSI:2006 (for AC) or Figure 4.2.15.2 (for DC).

(b)   Adjustment of pantograph mean contact force and integration into the Rolling Stock Sub-System

Rolling stock shall permit adjustment of the pantograph to enable it to comply with the requirements specified in this clause.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out in accordance with the High Speed Energy TSI 2006 clause 4.2.16.2.4.

The pantograph shall be designed to be capable of operating with a mean contact force value (Fm) of the target curves as defined in clause 4.2.15 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006. To ensure that Rolling Stock and its operating pantograph are suitable for its intended lines of operation, assessment of the mean contact force shall include measurements according to the applicants requirements as follows: For every line category as defined in Table 4.2.9 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006 on which the train is intended to be operated tests shall be undertaken

—	at the range of nominal contact wire heights and

—	up to a maximum speed

as applied for by the manufacturer, railway undertaking or their authorised representatives established within the Community, which asks for assessment.

For these tests, the speed shall be increased from 150 km/h to the maximum speed with intermediate steps not greater than 50 km/h each for the maximum and minimum height. The minimum number of speed levels for Class 1 Rolling Stock is 5 steps and for Class 2 Rolling Stock 3 steps. No tests are required for intermediate heights of the same category of line.

The Rolling Stock Register shall state the maximum successfully tested operating speed for the Rolling Stock/Pantograph combination for each of the line categories and for the range of heights of the OCL for this line and therefore define the operating range Rolling Stock.

Every Member State shall notify relevant Reference Lines on which assessment can be accomplished. Where available, High Speed Energy TSI 2006 compliant lines shall be selected as Reference Lines.

(c)   Pantograph dynamic contact force

The requirements on dynamic contact force are set out in clause 4.2.16 of the High Speed Energy TSI:2006.

4.2.8.3.6.2.   Arrangement of pantographs

Trains shall be designed to be able to move from one power supply system or from one phase section to an adjacent one without bridging either system or phase separation sections.

It is permissible for more than one pantograph to be simultaneously in contact with the overhead contact line equipment. Figure 3 illustrates the requirements for arrangement of pantographs.

In accordance with the maximum train length, the maximum spacing between the first and last pantograph (L1) shall be less than 400 m in order to negotiate the specified types of separation sections. Where more than two pantographs are simultaneously in contact with the overhead contact line, the spacing between any pantograph and the third consecutive one marked as (L2) shall be more than 143 m. The spacing between any two consecutive pantographs in contact with the overhead contact line shall be greater than 8m for these specified types of separation sections.

If the spacing between any pantographs does not meet the previous requirement then there shall be an operational rule to lower pantographs to permit trains to negotiate separation sections.

The number of pantographs and their spacing shall be selected taking into consideration the requirements of current collection performance (as defined in clause 4.2.16 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006). The intermediate pantograph may be arranged at any position

When operating on AC power systems, trains with multiple pantographs shall not have electrical links between the pantographs in use.

Where the spacing of consecutive pantographs is less than the spacing shown in table 4.2.19 of the High Speed Energy TSI:2006 rolling stock shall demonstrate by testing that, for the overhead contact line equipment defined in section 4.2 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006, the current collection quality as defined in clause 4.2.16.1 of the Energy TSI 2006 is met for the poorest performing pantograph.

Figure 3

Arrangement of pantographs

4.2.8.3.6.3.   Insulation of pantograph from the vehicle

The pantographs shall be assembled on the roof of the vehicles and insulated from earth. The insulation shall be adequate for all system voltages. References for data to be verified are in EN50163:2004, clause 4, for system voltages and EN50124-1:2001, Table A2, for insulation coordination requirements..

4.2.8.3.6.4.   Pantograph lowering

Rolling stock shall be equipped with a device that lowers the pantograph in case of a failure meeting the requirements of EN50206-1:1998, clause 4.9.

Rolling stock shall lower the pantograph in a period meeting the requirements of EN50206-1:1998, clause 4.8 and to the dynamic insulating distance according to EN 50119:2001 table 9 either by initiation by the driver or in response to control-command signals. The pantograph shall lower to the housed position in less than 10 seconds.

Conformity assessment shall be made in accordance with the requirements of EN50206-1: 1998, clauses 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.

4.2.8.3.6.5.   Quality of current collection

In normal operation the quality of current collection shall meet the requirements of clause 4.2.16 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006. The conformity assessment shall be made with a reference catenary. Definition of a reference catenary remains an open point in the High Speed Energy TSI.

NQ, the percentage of arcing duration, is defined in clause 4.2.16 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006

If, in the event of a failure of the normal operating pantograph, continued operation at normal speed using a backup pantograph is required, the value of NQ shall not exceed 0,5. If operation at normal speed is not required, the train shall operate at such a speed that maintains the normal value of NQ.

4.2.8.3.6.6.   Electrical protection coordination

Electrical protection coordination design shall comply with the requirements detailed in clause 11 of EN50388:2005.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out according to the requirements of clause 14.6 of EN50388:2005.

4.2.8.3.6.7.   Running through phase separation sections

Trains intended to operate on lines that are fitted with control-command and signalling devices that communicate the requirements of separation sections on a line to trains shall be fitted with systems able to receive this information from these devices.

For Class 1 trains operating on such the subsequent actions shall be triggered automatically.

For Class 2 trains operating on such lines, the action is not required to be automatic, but the traction-unit shall monitor for the intervention of the driver, and if necessary act.

As a minimum, these devices shall enable power consumption (both traction and auxiliaries, and for the no load current of the transformer) to be automatically brought to zero and the main circuit breaker opened before the traction unit enters a separation section, without the intervention of the driver. On leaving the separation section, the devices shall cause the main circuit breaker to be closed and power consumption to be resumed.

Additionally, where phase separation sections require pantographs on a train to be lowered and subsequently raised, these additional actions are permitted to be automatically initiated. These functions shall respond to input signals from the control-command and signalling subsystem.

4.2.8.3.6.8.   Running through system separation sections

The available options for running through system separation sections are described in clauses 4.2.22.2 and 4.2.22.3 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006.

Before running through system separation sections the traction unit’s main circuit breaker shall be opened.

When pantographs are not lowered from the contact wire, only those electric circuits on the traction units, which instantaneously conform to the power supply system at the pantograph, may remain connected.

After running through a system separation section, a traction unit shall detect the new system voltage at the pantograph. The modification of the configuration of traction equipment shall be made either automatically or manually.

4.2.8.3.6.9.   Height of pantographs

The installation of a pantograph on a traction unit shall allow interaction with contact wires at heights between 4 800 mm and 6 500 mm above rail level.

4.2.8.3.7.   Interoperability constituent pantograph

4.2.8.3.7.1.   Overall design

Pantographs are devices for collecting currents from one or more contact wires, and for transmitting the current to the traction unit on which they are mounted. They are designed to allow vertical movement of the pantograph head. The pantograph head carries the contact strips and their mountings. The ends of the pantograph head are formed by down-turned horns.

The pantograph shall meet the specified performance as far as maximum running speed and current carrying capacity are concerned. Pantograph requirements are specified in clause 4 of EN50206-1:1998.

Requirements on dynamic behaviour and quality of current collection shall be assessed in accordance with the High Speed Energy TSI 2006 clause 4.2.16.2.2.

4.2.8.3.7.2.   Pantograph head geometry

Pantograph heads with the same principal dimensions shall be used on all categories of lines for AC and DC systems. The length and the conducting range of the pantograph head and the profile are defined to achieve interoperability. The profile of the pantograph head shall be as depicted in Figure 4.

Figure 4

Profile of pantograph head

1.	Horn made of insulating material (projected length 200mm)

2.	Minimum length of the contact strip 800 mm

3.	Conducting range of collector head 1 200 mm

4.	Pantograph head length 1 600 mm

Pantograph heads fitted with contact strips having independent suspensions shall remain compliant to the overall profile with a static contact force of 70N applied to the middle of the head. The permissible value for pantograph head skew is defined in EN 50367:2006 clause 5.2.

Contact between contact wire and pantograph head is possible outside the contact strips and within the whole conducting range over limited line sections under adverse conditions, e.g. coincidence of vehicle swaying and high winds.

4.2.8.3.7.3.   Pantograph static contact force

The static contact force is the vertical contact force exerted upward by the pantograph head on the contact wire and caused by the pantograph-raising device, whilst the pantograph is raised and the vehicle is at standstill.

The static contact force exerted by the pantograph on the contact wire, as defined in EN50206-1:1998 clause 3.3.5, shall be adjustable within the following ranges:

—	40N to 120N for AC supply systems,

—	50 N to 150N for DC supply systems,

The pantographs and their mechanisms that provide the necessary contact forces shall ensure that a pantograph is capable of being used on overhead line equipment compliant to the High Speed Energy TSI 2006. For details and assessment, reference shall be made to EN 50206-1:1998, clause 6.3.1

4.2.8.3.7.4.   Working range of pantographs

Pantographs shall have a working range of at least 1 700 mm. Conformity assessment shall be made in accordance with the requirements of clauses 4.2 and 6.2.3 of EN 50206-1: 1998.

4.2.8.3.7.5.   Current capacity

Pantographs shall be designed for the rated current to be transmitted to the vehicles. The manufacturer shall state the rated current. An analysis shall demonstrate that the pantograph is able to carry the rated current. Conformity assessment shall be made in accordance with the requirements of clause6.13of EN50206-1: 1998.

4.2.8.3.8.   Interoperability constituent contact strip

4.2.8.3.8.1.   General

Contact strips are the replaceable parts of the pantograph head, which are in direct contact with the contact wire and as a consequence, are prone to wear. Conformity assessment shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of clauses 5.2.2 to 5.2.4, 5.2.6 and 5.2.7 of EN50405:2006.

4.2.8.3.8.2.   Contact strip geometry

The length of the contact strips is defined in Figure 4.

4.2.8.3.8.3.   Material

The material used for the contact strips shall be mechanically and electrically compatible with the contact wire material (as specified in 4.2.11 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006), in order to avoid excessive abrasion of the surface of the contact wires, thereby minimising wear of both contact wires and contact strips. Plain carbon or carbon impregnated with additive material shall be used in interaction with contact wires made from copper or copper alloys. Contact strip material shall comply with clause 6.2 of EN 50367: 2006.

4.2.8.3.8.4.   Detection of contact strip breakage

Contact strips shall be designed so that any damage that is sustained which is likely to damage the contact wire initiates the automatic lowering device.

Conformity assessment shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of EN50405:2006 clause 5.2.5.

4.2.8.3.8.5.   Current capacity

The material and cross-section of contact strips shall be selected according to the maximum current requirement. The rated current shall be stated by the manufacturer. Type tests shall demonstrate the conformity as specified in clause 5.2 of EN50405:2006.

Contact strips shall be capable of transmitting the current drawn by traction units at standstill. Conformity assessment shall be carried out in accordance with EN50405:2006 clause 5.2.1.

4.2.8.3.9.   Interfaces with electrification system

For electrically powered trains, the principal interface elements between the rolling stock and the energy subsystems are defined in the High-Speed Energy and Rolling Stock TSIs.

They are as follows:

—	The maximum power that can be drawn from the overhead contact line [see clause 4.2.8.3.2 of this TSI and clause 4.2.3 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	The maximum current that can be drawn at standstill [see clause 4.2.8.3.2 of this TSI and clause 4.2.20 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	The voltage and the frequency of the power supply [see clause 4.2.8.3.1.1 of this TSI and clause 4.2.2 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Over-voltages generated on the overhead line by harmonics [see clause 4.2.8.3.4 of this TSI and clause 4.2.25 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Electrical protection measures [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.6 of this TSI and clause 4.2.23 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	The arrangement of the pantographs [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.2 of this TSI and clauses 4.2.19, 4.2.21 and 4.2.22 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Running through phase separation sections [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.7 of this TSI and clause 4.2.21 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Running through system separation sections [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.8 of this TSI and clause 4.2.22 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Pantograph contact force [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.1 of this TSI and clause 4.2.14, and 4.2.15 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Power factor [see clause 4.2.8.3.3 of this TSI and clause 4.2.3 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Regenerative braking [see clause 4.2.8.3.1.2] defined in clause 4.2.4 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006.

—	Pantograph head geometry [see clause 4.2.8.3.7.2 of this TSI and clause 4.2.13 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006]

—	Dynamic behaviour of pantographs and quality of current collection [see clause 4.2.8.3.6.5 of this TSI and clause 4.2.16 of the High Speed Energy TSI 2006

4.2.8.3.10.   Interfaces with control-command and signalling subsystem

The minimum impedance between pantograph and wheels of the rolling stock is specified in clause 3.6.1 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.2.9.   Servicing

4.2.9.1.   General

Servicing and minor repairs necessary to ensure a safe return journey shall be able to be carried out on parts of the network distant from the vehicles’ home base, including whilst stabled on a foreign network.

Trains shall be capable of being stabled, with no crew onboard, with power supply from the catenary or auxiliary power supply maintained for lighting, air conditioning, refrigerated cabinets, etc.

4.2.9.2.   Train external cleaning facilities

It shall be possible for the front windows of drivers’ cabs to be cleaned both from the ground and from platform heights of 550mm and 760mm using suitable (with particular regard to health and safety aspects) cleaning equipment, in all stations and facilities at which the trains call or are stabled.

It shall be possible for the speed at which the train passes through the train washing plant to be adapted to suit each washing plant, i.e. between 2 and 6 km/h.

4.2.9.3.   Toilet discharge system

4.2.9.3.1.   On board discharge system

The design of the toilet discharge system shall allow sealed toilets (using clear or recycled water) to be emptied at sufficient intervals, so that the emptying operations can be performed on a scheduled basis at designated depots.

The following connections on the rolling stock are interoperability constituents.

—	The 3″ Evacuation nozzle (Inner part) is defined in Annex M VI Figure M VI.1.

—	The flushing connection for the toilet tank (Inner part), the use of which is optional, is defined in Annex M VI Figure M VI.2.

4.2.9.3.2.   Mobile discharge trolleys

Mobile discharge trolleys are interoperability constituents.

Mobile toilet discharge installations shall be compatible with the characteristics of at least one on board discharge system (using clean or recycled water).

Mobile discharge trolleys shall perform all of the following functions:

—	Discharge,

—	Suction (the limit value for the suction vacuum is set at 0,2 bar),

—	Rinsing (only applies to retention toilet discharge equipment),

—	Pre-loading or filling with additive (only applies to retention toilet discharge equipment),

The connections on the discharge trolleys (3″ for emptying and 1″ for rinsing) and their seals shall comply with figures M IV.1 and M IV.2 respectively of Annex M IV.

4.2.9.4.   Train interior cleaning

4.2.9.4.1.   General

A 3 000 VA at 230V, 50Hz electrical power supply connection shall be provided in each coach for powering industrial cleaning equipment. This power shall be available simultaneously in all the coaches of a trainset. Electric power sockets inside the train shall be spaced such that no part of the coach that needs to be cleaned is more than 12 metres from one of the sockets.

4.2.9.4.2.   Electrical sockets

The interior electrical sockets shall be compatible with plugs that are compliant to CEE 7 Standard Sheet VII (16 A-250 V, compare Figure 5).

Figure 5

Plug according to CEE 7 Standard Sheet VII (not all dimensions shown)

Dimensions and tolerances are given for information only. The dimensions and tolerances shall be according to the referred standard.

4.2.9.5.   Water restocking equipment

4.2.9.5.1.   General

New equipment for water supply on the interoperable network shall be supplied with drinking water in accordance with Directive 98/83/EC, and its mode of operation shall ensure that water delivered at the last element of the fixed part of these installations complies with the quality specified by this same Directive for water intended for human consumption.

4.2.9.5.2.   Water filling adapter

The water filling adapters are interoperability constituents, which are defined in Annex M V.

4.2.9.6.   Sand restocking equipment

Sandboxes are normally filled during scheduled maintenance operations in specialised workshops in charge of trainset maintenance. However, if required, sand meeting local specifications for this use shall be made available to fill sand boxes so that rolling stock can continue in commercial service until it returns to its maintenance centre.

4.2.9.7.   Special requirements for stabling of trains

Rolling stock shall be designed so that:

—	Periodic monitoring is not necessary when stabled and connected electrically to an electrical supply system,

—	It can be configured for different functional levels (e.g. standby, preparation, etc.),

—	An absence of voltage does not damage any rolling stock constituent,

4.2.9.8.   Refuelling equipment

Open point

4.2.10.   Maintenance

4.2.10.1.   Responsibilities

All maintenance activities undertaken on rolling stock shall be performed in accordance with the provisions of this TSI.

All maintenance shall be undertaken in accordance with the maintenance file applicable to the rolling stock.

The maintenance file shall be managed in accordance with the provisions specified in this TSI.

After delivery of the rolling stock by the supplier, and acceptance thereof, a single entity shall assume responsibility for the management of changes affecting the design integrity, for the maintenance of the rolling stock and for the management of the maintenance file.

The rolling stock register shall state the entity responsible for the maintenance of the rolling stock and the management of the maintenance file.

4.2.10.2.   The maintenance file

The maintenance file shall be composed of

—	the maintenance design justification file and

—	the maintenance documentation.

4.2.10.2.1.   The maintenance design justification file

The maintenance design justification file

—	describes the methods used to design the maintenance

—	describes the tests, investigations, calculations carried out to design the maintenance

—	gives the relevant data used for this purpose and justifies its origin

—	describes the resources needed for the maintenance of rolling stock.

This file shall contain:

—	Name and department of the manufacturer and/or the railway undertaking responsible for the maintenance file.

—	Precedents, principles and methods used to design the maintenance of the vehicle.

—	Utilisation profile (Limits of the normal utilisation of the vehicle (e.g. km/month, climatic limits, authorised types of loads etc.) taken into account for the design of the maintenance).

—	Tests, investigations, calculations carried out.

—	Relevant data used to design the maintenance and origin of these data (return of experience, tests …).

—	Responsibility and traceability of the design process (name, skills and position of the author and approver of each document).

—	Resources needed for the maintenance (e.g. required time for inspections, replacement of parts, life time of components etc.)

4.2.10.2.2.   The Maintenance Documentation

The maintenance documentation consists of all the documents necessary to carry out the management and execution of the maintenance of the vehicle. It shall be composed of the following:

—	Component hierarchy and functional description: The hierarchy sets up the boundaries of the rolling stock by listing all the items belonging to the product structure of that rolling stock and using an appropriate number of discrete levels. The last item shall be a replaceable unit.

—	Schematic circuit diagrams, connection diagrams and wiring diagrams

—	Parts List: Containing the technical descriptions of the spare parts (replaceable units) in order to allow identification and procurement of the correct spares.

—

Safety/interoperability-relevant limits: For the safety/interoperability relevant components or parts according to this TSI, this document shall give the measurable limits not to be exceeded in service (to include operation in degraded mode). Safety critical data (see Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC Article 14(5)e) relating to the maintenance schedule of the vehicle shall be included in the rolling stock register.

—	European legal obligations: Where components or systems are subject to specific European legal obligations these obligations shall be listed.

—

Maintenance plan — List, schedule and criteria of all planned preventative maintenance operations, — List and criteria of conditional preventative maintenance operations, — List of relevant corrective maintenance operations, — Maintenance operations depending on specific conditions of use. The level of the maintenance operations shall be described. Note: Some maintenance operations like overhauls and very heavy repairs may not be able to be defined at the moment when the vehicle is put into service. In this case, the responsibility and the procedures to define such maintenance operations shall be described.

—

Maintenance manuals and leaflets For each maintenance operation listed in the maintenance plan, the manual explains the list of the tasks to be carried out. Where maintenance tasks are common to different operations or common to different vehicles it is permissible to explain them in specific maintenance leaflets. The manuals and leaflets shall contain the following information: — Specific tools and facilities including service software — Standardised or statutory specific staff competencies required (welding, non destructive testing …) — General requirements relative to mechanical, electrical, fabrication and other engineering competencies. — Occupational and operational health and safety provisions (including applicable legislation appertaining to the controlled use of substances hazardous to health and safety). — Environmental provisions — Details of the task to be carried out as a minimum: — Disassembly/assembly instructions — Maintenance criteria — Checks and tests — Tools and materials required to undertake the task — Consumables required to undertake the task — Personal protective safety equipment — Necessary tests and procedures to be undertaken after each maintenance operation before putting into service.

—	Traceability and records.

—	Troubleshooting (fault diagnosis) manual including functional and schematic diagrams of the systems

4.2.10.3.   Management of the maintenance file.

The maintenance file shall be supplied with the first train or vehicle of a series, either by the manufacturer or/and the railway undertaking and submitted to the processes as specified in clause 6.2.4 of this TSI, before putting into service. This section does not apply to prototypes when they are being used for evaluation purposes.

After putting the first train or vehicle of a series into service the railway undertaking is responsible for the management of the maintenance file appertaining to rolling stock for which it has management responsibility relative to the provisions specified within this TSI. This includes a process of regular review of the maintenance file to ensure compliance with the essential requirements.

The maintenance file shall be managed in accordance with the processes defined in the certified safety management system of the railway undertaking.

In the case where railway undertakings carry out maintenance on the rolling stock they use, the railway undertaking shall ensure processes are in place to manage the maintenance and operational integrity of the rolling stock, including:

—	Information in the rolling stock register,

—	Asset Management, including records of all maintenance undertaken and due on the rolling stock (which shall be subject to specified retention periods for differing levels of archive storage).

—	Software where relevant.

—

Procedures for the receipt and processing of specific information related to the operational integrity of rolling stock, arising as a result from any circumstance including but not limited to operational or maintenance incidents, that have a potential to affect the safety integrity of rolling stock.

—

Procedures for the identification, generation and dissemination of specific information related to the operational integrity of rolling stock, arising as a result from any circumstance including but not limited to operational or maintenance incidents, with a potential to affect the safety integrity of rolling stock, and which is identified during any maintenance activity.

—	Operational duty profiles of rolling stock. (Including but not limited to total kilometres travelled).

—	Processes for the protection and validation of such systems.

In accordance with the provisions of Directive 2004/49 Annex III, the safety management system of the railway undertaking shall demonstrate that suitable maintenance arrangements are in place, thereby ensuring on-going compliance with the essential requirements and the requirements of this TSI including the requirements of the maintenance file.

In the case of entities other than the railway undertaking using rolling stock, being responsible for the maintenance of this rolling stock, the railway undertaking using the rolling stock shall ascertain that all relevant maintenance processes are in place and are actually applied. This process shall also be suitably described within the safety management system of the railway undertaking.

The entity responsible for the maintenance of the rolling stock shall ensure that reliable information about maintenance processes and data specified to be made available in the TSIs are available for the operating railway undertaking, and shall demonstrate on request of the operating railway undertaking that these processes ensure the compliance of the rolling stock with the Essential Requirements of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

4.2.10.4.   Management of maintenance information.

The entity responsible for the maintenance of rolling stock shall ensure that it has processes for the management of, and secured access rights to, information relative to the management, maintenance and operational integrity of rolling stock. Other parties operationally involved in this process shall provide the required maintenance information. This information shall include:

—	rolling stock register.

—	Configuration management information

—	Maintenance management information systems including records of all maintenance undertaken and maintenance, due on rolling stock, for which it is responsible (which shall be subject to specified time periods for differing levels of archive storage).

—	Management procedures for the receipt and processing of specific information relative to the operational integrity of rolling stock including operational and/or maintenance incidents with a potential to affect the safety integrity of rolling stock.

—

Management procedures for the identification, generation and dissemination of specific information relative to the operational integrity of rolling stock, including operational and/or maintenance incidents, with a potential to affect the safety integrity of rolling stock, and which is identified during any maintenance activity including repair of parts.

—	Operational duty profiles of rolling stock (e.g. kilometres).

—	Security management processes for protection and validation of the information systems.

4.2.10.5.   Implementation of the maintenance

The railway undertaking shall schedule rosters so that each train returns at staggered intervals to designated bases where the major maintenance operations will be carried out at frequencies compatible with the design and reliability of high-speed trains.

When a train is in a degraded state, the conditions under which some repair work can be undertaken to allow its safe return to a designated base and the special operating conditions shall be agreed, case by case, between the infrastructure managers and the railway undertaking or by a document as required by clause 4.2.1

4.3.   Functional and technical specification of the interfaces

4.3.1.   General

As far as technical compatibility is concerned, these are the interfaces of the rolling stock subsystem with the other subsystems:

—	The design of the trains

—	Driver vigilance device

—	The electrification system

—	On-board train control equipment

—	Platform height

—	The door controls

—	Emergency exits

—	Headlights

—	Emergency couplers

—	Wheel/rail contact

—	Axle bearing health monitoring

—	Passenger alarm

—	Pressure wave effects

—	Effect of cross-winds

—	Brakes independent of wheel/rail adhesion

—	Flange lubrication

—	Coefficient of flexibility

The interfaces are defined in the following sections in order to assure the coherence of a consistent High Speed Trans-European network.

In the light of the essential requirements in Section 3, the functional and technical specifications of the interfaces are arranged by subsystem in the following order:

—	Infrastructure subsystem

—	Energy subsystem.

—	Control-command and signalling subsystem

—	Operation subsystem

For each of these interfaces, the specifications are arranged in the same order as in section 4.2, as follows:

—	Structures and mechanical parts

—	Track interaction and gauging

—

Braking

—	Passenger information and communication

—	Environmental conditions

—	System protection

—	Traction and electrical equipment

—

Servicing

—	Maintenance

The following list is endorsed to indicate which subsystems are identified as having interface with basic parameters of this TSI:

—

Structures and mechanical parts (clause 4.2.2): Design of trains (clause 4.2.1.2): Operation subsystem End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains (clause 4.2.2.2): Operation subsystem Strength of vehicle structure (clause 4.2.2.3): No interfaces identified. Access (clause 4.2.2.4): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Toilets (clause 4.2.2.5): Operation subsystem Driver's cab (clause 4.2.2.6): Infrastructure subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem. Windscreen and front of the train (clause 4.2.2.7): Control-command and signalling subsystem.

—

Vehicle track interaction and gauging (clause 4.2.3): Kinematic gauge (clause 4.2.3.1): Infrastructure subsystem Static axle load (clause 4.2.3.2): Infrastructure subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems (clause 4.2.3.3): Infrastructure subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Rolling stock dynamic behaviour (clause 4.2.3.4): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Maximum train length (clause 4.2.3.5): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Maximum Gradients (clause 4.2.3.6): Infrastructure subsystem Minimum curve radius (clause 4.2.3.7): Infrastructure subsystem Flange lubrication (clause 4.2.3.8): Infrastructure subsystem Suspension coefficient (clause 4.2.3.9): Energy subsystem Sanding (clause 4.2.3.10): Control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Aerodynamic effects on ballast (clause 4.2.3.11): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem

—

Braking(clause 4.2.4): Braking performance (clause 4.2.4.1): Control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Brake wheel/rail adhesion demand limits (clause 4.2.4.2): No interfaces identified Brake system requirements (clause 4.2.4.3): Energy subsystem and operation subsystem Service Braking Performance (clause 4.2.4.4): No interfaces identified Eddy current brakes (clause 4.2.4.5): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Protection of an immobilised train (clause 4.2.4.6): Operation subsystem Brake performance on steep gradients (clause 4.2.4.7): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem

—	Passenger information and communication (clause 4.2.5): Public address system (clause 4.2.5.1): Operation subsystem Passenger information signs (clause 4.2.5.2): No interfaces identified Passenger alarm (clause 4.2.5.3): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem

—

Environmental conditions (clause 4.2.6) Environmental conditions (clause 4.2.6.1): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Train aerodynamic loads in open air (clause 4.2.6.2): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Crosswind (clause 4.2.6.3): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Maximum Pressure Variations in Tunnels (clause 4.2.6.4): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Exterior Noise (clause 4.2.6.5): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Exterior Electromagnetic Interference (clause 4.2.6.6): Energy subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem

—

System protection (clause 4.2.7): Emergency Exits (clause 4.2.7.1): Operation subsystem Fire safety (clause 4.2.7.2): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Protection against electric shock (clause 4.2.7.3): No interfaces identified External lights (clause 4.2.7.4): Infrastructure subsystem and energy subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Horn (clause 4.2.7.4): Operation subsystem Lifting/rescue procedures (clause 4.2.7.5): Operation subsystem Interior Noise (clause 4.2.7.6): Operation subsystem Air Conditioning (clause 4.2.7.7): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem Driver's Vigilance Device (clause 4.2.7.8): Operation subsystem Control-command and Signalling system (clause 4.2.7.9): Control-command and signalling subsystem Monitoring and Diagnostic Concepts (clause 4.2.7.10): Control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Particular specification for tunnels (clause 4.2.7.11): Infrastructure subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem Emergency lighting system (clause 4.2.7.12): No interfaces identified Software (clause 4.2.7.13): No interfaces identified

—

Traction and electrical equipment (clause 4.2.8): Traction performance requirements (clause 4.2.8.1): Operation subsystem Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements (clause 4.2.8.2): Operation subsystem Functional and technical specification related to power supply (clause 4.2.8.3): Energy subsystem and control-command and signalling subsystem and operation subsystem

—	Servicing (clause 4.2.9): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem

—	Maintenance (clause 4.2.10): Infrastructure subsystem and operation subsystem

4.3.2.   Infrastructure subsystem

4.3.2.1.   Access

Clause 4.2.2.4.1 of this TSI specifies the position of the steps for access. This position depends on the position of the edge of the platform, which is specified in clauses 4.2.20.4 and 4.2.20.5 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.2.   Driver's cab

Clause 4.2.2.6 of this TSI specifies that the cab shall be accessible from both sides of the train from the ground or from the platform. The height of the platform measured from the level of the rail is specified in clause 4.2.20.4 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.3.   Kinematic gauge

Clause 4.2.3.1 of this TSI specifies that the rolling stock shall comply with one of the kinematic vehicle gauges that are specified in Annex C of the Conventional Rail Rolling Stock TSI 2005. The corresponding infrastructure gauges are specified in clause 4.2.3 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the kinematic gauge that shall be met by the rolling stock operating on this line.

4.3.2.4.   Static axle load

Clause 4.2.3.2 of this TSI specifies the maximum static axle loads that are allowed for different types of rolling stock. The corresponding specifications are set out in clause 4.2.13 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.5.   Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

Clause 4.2.3.3.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to axle bearing health monitoring by trackside hot axle boxes detectors. The minimum infrastructure gauge requirements concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.3 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.6.   Rolling stock dynamic behaviour and wheel profiles

Clause 4.2.3.4 of this TSI detail the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to rolling stock dynamic behaviour, and particularly the parameters of the wheel profile. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem, and particularly the parameters of the rail profile, are set out in clauses 4.2.9, 4.2.10, 4.2.11, 4.2.12 and 5.3.1.1 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.7.   Maximum train length

Clause 4.2.3.5 of this TSI specifies the maximum length of the train. The maximum length of the platform is specified in clause 4.2.20.2 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the minimum length of platform where high speed trains are intended to call at.

4.3.2.8.   Maximum gradients

Clause 4.2.3.6 of this TSI specifies that trains shall be able to start, operate and stop on all the lines for which it is designed to operate. The maximum gradient is specified in clause 4.2.5 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the maximum gradient.

4.3.2.9.   Minimum curve radius

Clause 4.2.3.7 of this TSI specifies that trains shall be able to negotiate the minimum curve radius on all the lines for which it is designed to operate. The minimum curve radius is specified in clauses 4.2.6, 4.2.8 and 4.2.25 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the minimum curve radius on high speed tracks and on stabling tracks.

4.3.2.10.   Flange lubrication

There is no interface related to flange lubrication with the Infrastructure TSI.

4.3.2.11.   Ballast pick up

Clause 4.2.3.11 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to aerodynamic effects on ballast. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.27 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.12.   Eddy current brake

Clause 4.2.4.5 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the use of eddy current brake. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.13 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the conditions for use of eddy current brake.

4.3.2.13.   Brake performance on steep gradients

Clause 4.2.4.7 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the brake performance on steep gradients. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.5 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line the maximum gradient.

4.3.2.14.   Passenger alarm

There is no interface related to passenger alarm with the Infrastructure TSI.

4.3.2.15.   Environmental conditions

There is no interface related to environmental conditions with the Infrastructure TSI.

4.3.2.16.   Train aerodynamic loads in open air

Clause 4.2.6.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the train aerodynamic loads in open air. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clauses 4.2.4, 4.2.14.7 and 4.4.3 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.17.   Crosswind

Clause 4.2.6.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the crosswind. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.17 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.18.   Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

Clause 4.2.6.4 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the maximum pressure variations in tunnels. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.16 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.19.   Exterior noise

Clause 4.2.6.5 of this TSI details particular specification related to the exterior noise emitted by the rolling stock. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.19 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.20.   Fire safety

Clause 4.2.7.2 of this TSI details particular specifications related to fire safety for trains operating in tunnels and/or on elevated sections with a length exceeding 5km. The specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem, related to tunnels and/or elevated sections are specified in clause 4.2.21 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line where tunnels and/or on elevated sections with a length exceeding 5km are located or how they are identified.

4.3.2.21.   Head lights

There is an interface between the head lights (clause 4.2.7.4.1.1 of this TSI) in term of illuminance and the characteristics of reflective clothes of staff working on or near the track described in clause 4.7 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.22.   Particular specification for tunnels

Clause 4.2.7.11 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to operation in tunnels. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.21 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line where tunnels are located or how they are identified.

4.3.2.23.   Servicing

Clause 4.2.9 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to servicing. The corresponding specifications concerning the infrastructure subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.26 of the Infrastructure TSI 2006.

4.3.2.24.   Maintenance

There is no interface related to maintenance with the Infrastructure TSI.

4.3.3.   Energy subsystem

4.3.3.1.   Reserved

4.3.3.2.   Brake system requirements

Clauses 4.2.4.3 and 4.2.8.3.1.2 of this TSI detail the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to regenerative braking requirements. The corresponding specifications concerning the energy subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.4 of the High-Speed Energy TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states for each line where these specifications apply.

4.3.3.3.   Exterior electromagnetic interference

Clause 4.2.6.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to exterior electromagnetic interference. The corresponding specifications concerning the energy subsystem are specified in clause 4.2.6 of the Energy TSI 2006.

4.3.3.4.   Head lights

There is an interface between the head lights (clause 4.2.7.4.1.1 of this TSI) in term of illuminance and the characteristics of reflective clothes of staff working on or near the track described in clause 4.7 of the Energy TSI 2006.

4.3.3.5.   Functional and technical specification related to power supply

Clause 4.2.8.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to power supply. The corresponding specifications concerning the energy subsystem are specified in clauses 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.2.9.1, 4.2.9.2, 4.2.10, 4.2.11, 4.2.14, 4.2.15, 4.2.16, 4.2.17, 4.2.18, 4.2.19, 4.2.20, 4.2.21, 4.2.22, 4.2.23, 4.2.24 and 4.2.25 of the Energy TSI 2006. The specifications concerning the energy subsystem, related to the position of the catenary, are specified in clause 4.2.9 of the Energy TSI 2006.

4.3.4.   Control-Command and Signalling Subsystem

4.3.4.1.   Driver's cab

Clause 4.2.2.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to external visibility of the signals by the driver. The position of the signals is specified in clause 4.2.16 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.2.   Windscreen and front of the train

Clause 4.2.2.7 of this TSI specifies that the windscreen shall not alter the colour of the signals. The colour of the signals is specified in clause 4.2.16 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.3.   Static axle load

Clause 4.2.3.2 of this TSI specifies the minimum static axle loads. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 clause 4.2.11 and Annex A Appendix 1 Clause 3.1.

4.3.4.4.   Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

Clause 4.2.3.3.2.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems, and particularly electrical resistance of the wheelsets and axle bearing health monitoring. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clauses 4.2.10 and 4.2.11 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 and in its Annex A Appendix 1 clauses 1 to 4

4.3.4.5.   Sanding

Clause 4.2.3.10 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to limitation of use of sanding related to the interface with the control-command and signalling subsystem. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.11 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 and in its Annex A Appendix 1 clause 4.1.

4.3.4.6.   Braking performance

Clause 4.2.4.1 of this TSI specifies that an infrastructure manager is permitted to define further requirements because of different Class B control-command and signalling systems on their part of the network. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006, and the infrastructure register states these specifications.

Clause 4.2.4.7 of this TSI specifies the braking capability on steep gradients Clause 6.2.1.2 and Annex C of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 defines how information concerning limiting gradients is transmitted to the train.

4.3.4.7.   Electromagnetic interference

Clause 4.2.6.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to electromagnetic interference. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.12.2; Annex A index A6 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.8.   Control-command and signalling system

Clause 4.2.7.9 of this TSI details specifications concerning the rolling stock related to control-command and signalling system, and particularly wheelset location and wheels. The corresponding specifications concerning wheelset location and wheels are set out in clauses 4.2.11 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 and in its Annex A Appendix 1. Position of control-command and signalling system on-board antennae is specified in clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.5 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Clause 4.2.7.9.1 of this TSI specifies that operation in particular degraded mode of the control-command and signalling subsystem is specified in clause 4.2.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.Clause 4.2.7.14 of this TSI specifies the European Traffic Control System display for driving cabs. The requirements specific to the control-command and signalling subsystem are to be found in clause 4.2.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.9.   Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

Clause 4.2.7.10 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to monitoring and diagnostic concepts. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clause 4.2.2 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.10.   Particular specification for tunnels

Clause 4.2.7.11 of this TSI specifies that air inlet or outlet flap on air conditioning systems are permitted to be closed when running in tunnels. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem related to transmission from the ground of the signal to close or open these flaps are set out in clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 and Annex A index 7 and 33 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.11.   Functional and technical specification related to power supply

Clauses 4.2.8.3.6.9 and 4.2.8.3.6.10 of this TSI specifies that on board equipment to the requirements transmitted by the control-command and signalling subsystem devices when crossing phase and system separations of the energy subsystem. The corresponding specifications concerning the control-command and signalling subsystem are set out in clauses 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 and Annex A index 7 and 33 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

4.3.4.12.   Vehicle front lights

There is an interface between the headlights (clause 4.2.7.4.1.1 of this TSI) in term of illuminance and the characteristics of reflective clothes of staff working on or near the track described in clause 4.7 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Clause 4.2.16 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 specifies that the retro reflecting signs shall meet the requirements for operation in accordance with the clause 4.2.7.4.1.1 of the High Speed Rolling Stock TSI.

4.3.5.   Operation subsystem

4.3.5.1.   Design of the trains

Clause 4.2.1.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the design of the trains. Clause 4.2.2.5 and annexes H, J and L of the Operation TSI 2006 specify the rules for the composition of the trains.

4.3.5.2.   End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains

Clause 4.2.2.2 of this TSI and its Annex K details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to end couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains, and particularly requirements concerning operation in part 2 of Annex K. The corresponding specifications are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5, 4.2.3.6.3 and 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.3.   Access

Clause 4.2.2.4 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to passenger steps and access doors. The corresponding specifications are set out in clause 4.2.2.4 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.4.   Toilets

Clause 4.2.2.5 of this TSI specifies the requirements for the toilet flushing system. There is no specification concerning the rules for elaboration of the roster and servicing of the toilets in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.5.   Windscreen and front of the train

Clause 4.2.2.7 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to the windscreen. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for visibility are set out in clause 4.3.2.4 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.6.   Rolling stock parameters, which influence ground based train monitoring systems

Clause 4.2.3.3.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to axle bearing health monitoring. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for operation in case of detection of a failure are set out in clause 4.2.3.6 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.7.   Rolling stock dynamic behaviour

Clause 4.2.3.4 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to rolling stock dynamic behaviour. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for operation in case of detection of instability are set out in clause 4.2.3.6 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.8.   Maximum train length

Clause 4.2.3.5 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to maximum train length. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for operation where the length of the train and the length of the platform do not match are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5, 4.2.3.6.3 and 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.9.   Sanding

Clause 4.2.3.10 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to sanding. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for manual sanding or inhibition of automatic sanding by the driver are set out in clause C.1 of annex B and annex H to the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.10.   Ballast pick up

Clause 4.2.3.11 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to ballast pick up. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for speed reduction, when required, are set out in clause 4.2.1.2.2.3 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.11.   Braking performance

Clause 4.2.4.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to braking performance. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for use of the brake are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5.1, 4.2.2.6.1 and 4.2.2.6.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.12.   Brake system requirements

Clause 4.2.4.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to brake system requirements. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for use of the brake are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5.1, 4.2.2.6.1 and 4.2.2.6.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.13.   Eddy current brakes

Clause 4.2.4.5 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to eddy current brakes. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for use of the eddy current brakes are set out in clause 4.2.2.6.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.14.   Protection of an immobilised train

Clause 4.2.4.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to protection of an immobilised train. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for securing the train when the parking brake is not sufficient are set out in clause 4.2.2.6.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.15.   Brake performance on steep gradients

Clause 4.2.4.7 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to brake performance on steep gradients. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for speed restrictions are set out in clauses 4.2.1.2.2.3 and 4.2.2.6.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.16.   Public address system

Clause 4.2.5.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to public address system. There is no specification concerning the rules for use of the public address system in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.17.   Passenger alarm

Clause 4.2.5.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to passenger alarm. The corresponding specifications are set out in clause 4.2.2.4 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.18.   Environmental conditions

Clause 4.2.6.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to environmental conditions. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for admission of rolling stock not compliant with the actual environmental conditions are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5 and 4.2.3.3.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.19.   Train aerodynamic loads in open air

Clause 4.2.6.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to train aerodynamic loads in open air. There is no specification concerning the safety rules for track workers or passengers on platforms in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.20.   Crosswind

Clause 4.2.6.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to crosswind. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for speed restriction when needed are set out in clauses 4.2.1.2.2.3 and 4.2.3.6 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.21.   Maximum pressure variations in tunnels

Clause 4.2.6.4 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to maximum pressure variations in tunnels. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for speed restriction when needed are set out in clauses 4.2.1.2.2.3 and 4.2.3.6 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.22.   Exterior noise

Clause 4.2.6.5 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to exterior noise, which is dependent of operation conditions. The corresponding specifications are set out in clause 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.23.   Emergency exits

Clause 4.2.7.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to emergency exits. The corresponding specifications are set out in clauses 4.2.3.6 and 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.24.   Fire safety

Clause 4.2.7.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to fire safety. The corresponding specifications concerning the procedures in case of fire on board are set out in clauses 4.2.3.6 and 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.25.   External lights and horn

Clause 4.2.7.4 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to external lights and horn. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for use of external lights and horn are set out in clauses 4.2.2.1.2, 4.2.2.1.3 and 4.2.2.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.26.   Lifting/rescue procedures

Clause 4.2.7.5 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to lifting/rescue procedures. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for lifting/rescue procedures are set out in clause 4.2.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.27.   Interior noise

Clause 4.2.7.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to interior noise, which is dependent of operation conditions. There is no specification in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.28.   Air conditioning

Clause 4.2.7.7 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to air conditioning. There is no specification concerning the rules for interrupting the fresh airflow in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.29.   Driver's vigilance device

Clause 4.2.7.8 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to driver's vigilance device. The corresponding specifications are set out in clauses 4.3.3.2 and 4.3.3.7 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.30.   Monitoring and diagnostic concepts

Clause 4.2.7.10 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to monitoring and diagnostic concepts. Additional requirements are set out in clause 4.2.3.5.2 and annexes H and J of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.31.   Particular specification for tunnels

Clause 4.2.7.11 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to particular specification for tunnels. The corresponding specifications concerning the procedures for preventing inhalation of fumes in the event of a fire in close proximity to the train are set out in clauses 4.2.1.2.2.1, 4.2.3.7 and 4.6.3.2.3.3 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.32.   Traction performance requirements

Clause 4.2.8.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to traction performance requirements. The corresponding specifications concerning the procedures for taking this performance into consideration are set out in clauses 4.2.2.5 and 4.2.3.3.2 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.33.   Traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements

Clause 4.2.8.2 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to traction wheel/rail adhesion requirements. The corresponding specifications concerning the procedures in case of degraded wheel/rail adhesion condition are set out in clauses 4.2.3.3.2, 4.2.3.6 and 4.2.1.2.2 and in clause C of annex B of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.34.   Functional and technical specification related to power supply

Clause 4.2.8.3 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to power supply. The corresponding specifications concerning the procedures in case of degraded situation of the power supply system, the rules for the use of pantographs and the rules to be applied when running through phase or system separation sections are set out in clauses 4.2.3.6 and 4.2.1.2.2 and in annex H of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.35.   Servicing

Clause 4.2.9 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to servicing. There is no specification concerning the procedures for servicing in the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.36.   Vehicle identification

Clause 4.2.7.15 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the rolling stock related to vehicle identification. The corresponding specifications concerning the rules for identification of the vehicle are set out in clause 4.2.2.3 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.37.   Signal sighting

Clause 4.2.2.6 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the external visibility for the driver. The specifications concerning the corresponding operating rules are set out in clauses 4.3.1.1, 4.3.2.4 and 4.3.3.6 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.38.   Emergency exits

Clause 4.2.7.1 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the emergency exits. The corresponding specifications are set out in clause 4.2.2.4 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.3.5.39.   Driver-Machine-Interface (DMI)

Clause 4.2.7.14 of this TSI details the specifications concerning the European Traffic Control System display for driving cabs. The specifications concerning the corresponding operating rules are set out in clause 4.3.2.3 and Annex A1 of the Operation TSI 2006.

4.4.   Operating rules

In light of the essential requirements in Section 3, the operating rules specific to the high-speed rolling stock concerned by this TSI are those that are listed in clause 4.3.5 above.

The following operating rules do not form any part of the assessment of rolling stock.

The operating conditions for degraded mode form part of the safety management systems of a railway undertaking (see clause 4.2.1a)

In addition, operating rules shall be enforced to ensure that a train stopped in a gradient as specified in clause 4.2.4.6 of this TSI (Protection of an immobilised train) will be immobilised by mechanical means by the staff before the end of the two hour period.

Rosters shall take into account the needs for servicing and scheduled maintenance.

The rules for use of the public address system, the passenger alarm and the emergency exits, as well as for the operation of the access doors and of the air conditioning flaps, shall be elaborated by the railway undertaking.

The safety rules for track workers or passengers on platforms shall be elaborated by the infrastructure manager.

The operation conditions shall be set out by the railway undertaking in order that the noise level within the driver's cab is kept within the limit prescribed by the of Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise), according to the characteristics of the rolling stock as specified in clause 4.2.7.6 of this TSI.

The specifications concerning the procedures for assistance to persons of reduced mobility are an open point, pending the availability of the Conventional Rail TSI for accessibility to PRM.

The seals for the emergency handle shall be replaced after use.

Procedures for lifting and rescue shall be established by the railway undertaking that describe the method as well as the means of recovering a derailed train or a train that is unable to move normally.

4.5.   Maintenance rules

In light of the essential requirements in section 3, the maintenance rules specific to the high-speed rolling stock subsystem concerned by this TSI are described in clauses:

—	4.2.3.3.1 Electrical resistance of wheelsets

—	4.2.3.3.2.1 Axle bearing health monitoring for Class 1 trains

—	4.2.3.3.2.2 Axle bearing health monitoring for those Class 2 trains requiring hot axle box detection

—	4.2.3.4.8 In service values of equivalent conicity

—	4.2.7.3 Protection against electric shock

and in particular in clauses:

—	4.2.9 Servicing

—	4.2.10 Maintenance.

The maintenance rules shall be such as to enable the rolling stock to pass the assessment criteria specified in Section 6 throughout its lifetime.

The party responsible for the management of the maintenance file as defined in clause 4.2.10 shall define the tolerances and intervals appropriately to ensure ongoing compliance. It is also responsible for deciding the in-service values when not specified in this TSI.

This means the assessment procedures described in section 6 of this TSI shall be fulfilled for type approval, and are not necessarily appropriate for maintenance. Not all tests may be made at every maintenance event and may be subject to wider tolerances.

The combination of the above assures continuous compliance with the essential requirements through the life of the rolling stock.

4.6.   Professional competencies

The professional competencies required for the operation of the high-speed rolling stock will be covered by the High Speed Operation TSI 2006.

The competence requirements for the maintenance of the high-speed rolling stock shall be detailed in the maintenance documentation (see clause 4.2.10.2.2).

4.7.   Health and safety conditions

The provisions for health and safety in respect of noise, vibration and air conditioning for staff in service compartments shall be no different from the minimum provision made for passengers.

Apart from requirements specified in clauses 4.2.2.6 (driver's cab), 4.2.2.7 (Windscreen and front of the train), 4.2.7.1.2 (driver's cab emergency exit), 4.2.7.2.3.3 (Fire resistance), 4.2.7.6 (interior noise) and 4.2.7.7 (air conditioning) and in the maintenance plan (see clause 4.2.10), there are no additional requirements related to health and safety for maintenance or operations staff in this TSI.

4.8.   Infrastructure and rolling stock registers

4.8.1.   Infrastructure register

The requirements for the high-speed rail infrastructure register content with regard to the high-speed rolling stock subsystem are specified in the following clauses:

—	1.2 Geographical scope

—	4.2.3.4.3 Track loading limit values

—	4.2.3.6 Maximum gradients

—	4.2.3.7 Maximum curve radius

—	4.2.4.1 Minimum braking performance

—	4.2.4.3 Brake system requirements

—	4.2.4.5 Eddy current brakes

—	4.2.4.7 Brake performance on steep gradients

—	4. 2.6.1 Environmental conditions

—	4.2.6.6.1 Interference generated on the signalling system and the telecommunications network

—	4.2.7.7 Air conditioning

—	4.2.8.3 Characteristics of the electrical supply

—	4.3.2.3 Kinematic gauge

—	4.3.2.7 Maximum train length

—	4.3.2.8 Maximum gradients

—	4.3.2.9 Minimum curve radius

—	4.3.2.12 Eddy current brake

—	4.3.2.13 Brake performance on steep gradients

—	4.3.2.14 Passenger alarm

—	4.3.2.20 Fire safety

—	4.3.2.22 Particular specification for tunnels

—	4.3.3.2 Brake system requirements

—	4.3.4.6 Braking performance

The infrastructure manager is responsible for the accuracy of the data provided for inclusion in the infrastructure register.

4.8.2.   Rolling stock register

The rolling stock register shall contain the following mandatory data for all high-speed rolling stock, which are in accordance with this TSI as listed in Annex I.

If the Member State of registration changes, the contents of the rolling stock register for that high-speed rolling stock shall be passed from the original State of registration to the new State of registration.

The data contained in the rolling stock register is required by:

—	The Member State to confirm that the high-speed rolling stock meets the requirements in accordance with this TSI

—	The infrastructure manager to confirm that the high-speed rolling stock is compatible with the infrastructure over which it is intended to operate

—	The railway undertaking to confirm that the high-speed rolling stock is suitable for its traffic requirements.

5.   INTEROPERABILITY CONSTITUENTS

5.1.   Definition

According to Article 2(d) of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the interoperability constituents are ‘any elementary component, group of components, subassembly or complete assembly of equipment incorporated or intended to be incorporated into a subsystem, upon which the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system depends either directly or indirectly.

The concept of a constituent covers both tangible objects and intangible objects such as software”.

Interoperability constituents described in section 5.3 are constituents, whose technology, design, material, manufacturing and assessment processes are defined and enable their specification and assessment independently of the related subsystem, according to Annex IV of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC.

5.2.   Innovative solutions

As stated in section 4 of this TSI, innovative solutions may require new specification and/or new assessment methods. These specifications and assessment methods shall be developed by the process described in clause 6.1.4.

5.3.   List of constituents

The interoperability constituents are covered by the relevant provisions of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC and are listed below:

Automatic centre buffer couplers

Buffing and draw gear components

Towing couplers for recovery and rescue

Driver's cab windscreens

Wheels

Headlamps

Marker lamps

Tail lamps

Horns

Pantographs

Contact strips

Connections for toilet discharge systems

Mobile discharge trolleys

Water filling adapters

5.4.   Constituents performance and specifications

The characteristics to be respected by high-speed rolling stock are given in the relevant clauses of section 4.2 indicated below:

Automatic centre buffer couplers [clause 4.2.2.2.2.1]

Buffing and draw gear components [clause 4.2.2.2.2.2]

Towing couplers for recovery and rescue [clause 4.2.2.2.2.3]

Driver's cab windscreens [clause 4.2.2.7]

Wheels[clause 4.2.3.4.9.2

clause H.2 of Annex H]

Marker lamps [clause H.2 of Annex H]

Tail lamps [clause H.3 of Annex H]

Horns [clause 4.2.7.4.2.5

clause 4.2.8.3.7]

Contact strips [clause 4.2.8.3.8]

Connections for toilet discharge systems [Annex M VI]

Mobile discharge trolleys [clause 4.2.9.3.2]

Water filling adapters [clause 4.2.9.5.2].

6.   ASSESSMENT OF CONFORMITY AND/OR SUITABILITY FOR USE

6.1.   Interoperability constituents of the rolling stock subsystem

6.1.1.   Conformity assessment (general)

An EC declaration of conformity or an EC declaration of Suitability for Use in accordance with Article 13(1) and Annex IV Chapter 3 of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC shall be drawn up by the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community before placing an interoperability constituent on the market.

The Conformity Assessment of an Interoperability Constituent shall be done according to the following modules. (The modules are described in Annex F to this TSI):

Modules for interoperability constituents:

Module A	:	Internal production control for design, development and production phases
Module A1	:	Internal design control with product verification for design, development and production phases
Module B	:	Type examination for design and development phases
Module C	:	Conformity to type for production phase
Module D	:	Production quality management system for production phase
Module F	:	Product verification for production phase
Module H1	:	Full quality management system for design, development and production phases
Module H2	:	Full quality management system with design examination for design, development and production phases
Module V	:	Type validation by in service experience (Suitability for use)

If the participation of a notified body is required for the appropriate module,

—	The approval process and the contents of the assessment shall be defined between the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community and a notified body, according to the requirements defined in this TSI.

—

For each interoperability constituent as appropriate the notified body to be chosen by the manufacturer shall have been authorised either — To assess the interoperability constituents of the high-speed rolling stock subsystem or — To assess the pantograph and contact strip interoperability constituents of the high-speed energy subsystem, where relevant.

There is provision in clause 6.3 for dealing with the transitional arrangements for interoperability constituents to be used without certification.

6.1.2.   Conformity assessment procedures (modules)

The conformity assessment shall cover the phases and characteristics as indicated by ‘X’ in Table D1 of Annex D to this TSI. The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall chose one of the modules or module combinations indicated in the following Table 22 according to the required constituent.

Table 22

Assessment modules for interoperability constitiuents

Clause	Constituents to be assessed	Module A	Module A1 (*)	Module B+C	Module B+D	Module B+F	Module H1 (*)	Module H2
4.2.2.2.2.1	Automatic centre buffer couplers		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.2.2.2.2	Buffing and draw gear components		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.2.2.2.3	Towing coupler for recovery and rescue		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.2.7	Driver's cab windscreens		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.3.4.9.2	Wheels		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.7.4.2	Horns		X	X	X		X	X
4.2.8.3.7	Pantographs		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.8.3.9	Contact strips		X		X	X	X	X
4.2.9.3.2	Mobile discharge trolleys	X		X			X
4.2.9.5.2	Water filling adapters	X		X			X
Annex H clause H.2	Head lamps		X	X	X		X	X
Annex H clause H.2	Marker lamps		X	X	X		X	X
Annex H clause H.3	Tail lamps		X	X	X		X	X
Annex M VI	Connections for toilet discharge system	X		X			X

6.1.3.   Existing solutions

If an existing solution for an interoperability constituent is already assessed for an application under comparable conditions and is on the market, then the following process applies:

The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall demonstrate that the results of tests and verifications for the previous assessment of ICs are in conformity with the requirements of this TSI. In this case these tests and verifications shall remain valid for the new assessment. Modules A1 and H1 are permitted to be applied if they are marked in Table 22.

If it is not possible to demonstrate that the solution has been positively proven in the past, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall choose the assessment procedures according to the modules or module combinations indicated in Table 22. Modules A1 and H1 are not permitted be applied even if they are marked in Table 22.

6.1.4.   Innovative solutions

If an innovative solution is proposed for an interoperability constituent, as defined in section 5.2, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Community shall state the deviations from the relevant clause of this TSI and submit them to the European Railway Agency (ERA). The ERA shall produce and finalise the appropriate functional and interface specifications for the constituents and develop the assessment methods.

The appropriate functional and interface specifications and the assessment methods so produced shall be incorporated in the TSI by the revision process.

After entry into force of a decision of the Commission, taken in accordance with Article 21(2) of Directive 96/48/EC, as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the innovative solution is permitted to be used before being incorporated into a TSI.

6.1.5.   Assessment of suitability for use

Assessment of Suitability for Use according to the type validation of in service experience procedure (module V) as indicated in Annex F of this TSI is required for the following interoperability constitiuents:

—

Wheels

—	End Couplers

6.2.   Rolling stock subsystem

6.2.1.   Conformity assessment (general)

In accordance with Annex VI of the Directive 96/48/EC, the contracting entity, or its authorised representative established within the Community shall lodge an application for assessment of conformity of the high-speed rolling stock subsystem and energy subsystem, where relevant, with a notified body of its choice.

This notified body shall have been authorised to assess the high-speed rolling stock subsystem and if required to assess the high-speed energy subsystem. Where it is not authorised to assess the high-speed energy subsystem it shall, if required, contract arrangements with another notified body notified for assessment of the energy subsystem for the assessment of the relevant requirements concerning the on-board part of the energy subsystem (see sections 4.2.8.3, 4.3.3.4 of this TSI.

The EC declaration(s) of verification in accordance with Article 18(1) and Annex VI of Directive 96/48/EC modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, one for the high-speed rolling stock subsystem, one for the on-board part of the energy subsystem if required, shall be drawn up by the applicant.

The EC declaration(s) of verification is/are required to obtain the authorisation to place rolling stock into service.

The Conformity Assessment of a Subsystem shall be performed according to one or a combination of the following modules according to clause 6.2.2 and annex E of this TSI (The modules are described in Annex F of this TSI):

Modules for the EC verification of subsystems

Module SB	:	Type examination for design and development phases
Module SD	:	Product quality management system for production phase
Module SF	:	Product verification for production phase
Module SH2	:	Full quality management system with design examination for design, development and production phases

The approval process and the contents of the assessment shall be defined between the applicant and a notified body according to the requirements defined in this TSI and in conformance with the rules set out in section 7 of this TSI.

6.2.2.   Conformity assessment procedures (modules)

The applicant shall choose one of the modules or module combinations indicated in Table 23.

Table 23

Assessment modules for Subsystems

Subsystem to be assessed	Module SB+SD	Module SB+SF	Module SH2
Rolling stock subsystem	X	X	X
On-board part of the energy subsystem, where relevant	X	X	X

The characteristics of the rolling stock subsystem to be assessed during the relevant phases are indicated in Annex E, Table E1 of this TSI. The applicant shall confirm that each subsystem produced complies with the type. An ‘X’ in column 4 of table E1 in Annex E indicates that the relevant characteristics shall be verified by testing each single subsystem. The test body shall be determined according to the assessment module in use.

Characteristics of interoperability constitiuents that are indicated in Annex D, Table D1, also appear in Annex E, Table E1. Assessment of these characteristics is covered by the presence of the EC declaration of conformity and if applicable the EC declaration of suitability for use of the interoperability constituent. The assessment of the maintenance subsystem is described in clause 6.2.4.

6.2.3.   Innovative solutions

If rolling stock includes an innovative solution as defined in section 4.1, the manufacturer or the contracting entity shall state the deviation from the relevant clause of the TSI and submit them to the European Railway Agency (ERA). The ERA shall finalise the appropriate functional and interface specifications of this solution and develop the assessment methods.

The appropriate functional and interface specifications and assessment methods shall be incorporated in the TSI by the revision process.

After entry into force of a decision of the Commission, taken in accordance with Article 21(2) of Directive 96/48/EC, as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the innovative solution is permitted to be used before being incorporated into a TSI.

6.2.4.   Assessment of maintenance

According to Article 18 (3) of the Directive 96/48/EC, modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, a notified body shall be presented with the maintenance file, which forms part of the technical file.

A notified body shall verify only that the information is contained in the maintenance file according to clause 4.2.10.2. The notified body is not required to verify the information contained.

The conformity assessment of maintenance is the responsibility of each Member State concerned.

Clause F.4 of Annex F (which is an open point) describes the procedure by which each Member State ascertains that maintenance arrangements meet the provisions of this TSI and ensure the basic parameters and essential requirements are met during the life of the rolling stock

6.2.5.   Assessment of single vehicles

Where an assessment of a new, upgraded or renewed single vehicle is required according to the requirements of clause 4.2.1.2, and a valid type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification for the other vehicles in the consist is available, a TSI assessment only for the new vehicle is required providing the trainset remains compliant to the TSI.

Where an assessment of a single vehicle is required according to the requirements of clause 4.2.1.2 and a valid type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification for the other vehicles in the consist is not available, it is permitted to accept national certification for such other vehicles until type or design examination certification of ‘EC’ verification is available.

6.3.   Interoperable Constituents Not Holding an EC Declaration

6.3.1.   General

For a limited period of time, known as the ‘transition period’, interoperability constituents not holding an EC Declaration of Conformity or Suitability for Use may exceptionally be incorporated into subsystems, on the condition that the provisions described in this section are met.

6.3.2.   The Transition Period

The transition period shall commence from the entry into force of this TSI and shall last for six years.

Once the transition period has ended, and with the exceptions allowed under section 6.3.3.3 below, interoperability constituents shall be covered by the required EC declaration of conformity and/or suitability for use before being incorporated into the subsystem;

6.3.3.   The Certification of Subsystems Containing Non-Certified Interoperability Constituents during the Transition Period

6.3.3.1.   Conditions

During the transition period a Notified Body is permitted to issue a certificate of conformity for a subsystem, even if some of the interoperability constituents incorporated within the subsystem are not covered by the relevant EC declarations of conformity and/or suitability for use according to this TSI, if the following three criteria are complied with:

—	the conformity of the subsystem has been checked in relation to the requirements defined in chapter 4 of this TSI by the Notified Body, and

—	through carrying out additional assessments the Notified Body confirms that the conformity and/or the suitability for use of the interoperability constituents is in accordance with the requirements of chapter 5, and

—

the interoperability constituents, which are not covered by the relevant EC declaration of conformity and/or suitability for use, shall have been used in a subsystem already put in service in at least one of the Member States before the entry in force of this TSI. — EC Declarations of conformity and/or suitability for use shall not be drawn up for the interoperability constituents assessed in this manner.

6.3.3.2.   Notification

—	the certificate of conformity of the subsystem shall indicate clearly which interoperability constituents have been assessed by the Notified Body as part of the subsystem verification.

—

the EC declaration of verification of the subsystem shall indicate clearly: — Which interoperability constituents have been assessed as part of the subsystem — Confirmation that the subsystem contains the interoperability constituents identical to those verified as part of the subsystem. — For those interoperability constituents, the reason(s) why the manufacturer did not provide an EC Declaration of conformity and/or suitability for use before its incorporation into the subsystem.

6.3.3.3.   Lifecycle Implementation

The production or upgrade/renewal of the subsystem concerned must be completed within the six years of the transition period. Concerning the subsystem lifecycle:

—	During the transition period and

—

under the responsibility of the body having issued the declaration of EC verification of the subsystem the interoperability constituents which do not hold an EC declaration of conformity and/suitability for use and are of the same type built by the same manufacturer are permitted to be used for maintenance related replacements and as spare parts for the subsystem. After the transition period has ended and

—	until the subsystem is upgraded, renewed or replaced and

—

under the responsibility of the body having issued the declaration of EC verification of the subsystem the interoperability constituents which do not hold an EC declaration of conformity and/suitability for use and are of the same type built by the same manufacturer may continue to be used for maintenance related replacements.

6.3.4.   Monitoring Arrangements

During the transition period Member States shall monitor:

—	The number and type of interoperability constituents introduced on the market within their own State;

—	Ensure that, where a subsystem is presented for authorisation, reasons for non-certification of the interoperability constituent by the manufacturer are identified;

—	Notify, to the Commission and to the other Member States, the details of the non-certified IC and the reasons for non-certification.

7.   IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROLLING STOCK TSI

7.1.   Implementation of the TSI

7.1.1.   Newly built rolling stock of new design

7.1.1.1.   Definitions

For the purpose of this section 7.1.1 and of section 7.1.2.1:

—	Phase A period is the period starting when a notified body is appointed and provided with a description of the rolling stock intended to be developed and built or acquired.

—	Phase B period is the period starting when a type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification is issued by a notified body, and ending when this type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification ceases to be valid.

7.1.1.2.   General

—	The type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification for subsystem and/or

—	type or design examination certificate of conformity and/or suitability for use for interoperability constituents,

are permitted to be requested by any applicant as defined in clauses 6.2.1 and 6.1.1 respectively.

The applicant shall announce its intent for development and assessment of new rolling stock and/or IC to a notified body chosen in accordance with Chapter 6 of this TSI. Together with this announcement, the applicant shall provide a description of the rolling stock or of the IC it intends to develop and build or acquire.

7.1.1.3.   Phase A

Following the date of appointment of the notified body, the certification basis to the currently valid TSI at the date of the appointment for the specified rolling stock shall be fixed for a seven year phase A period, except for specific requirements where Article 19 of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, is applied.

When a revised version, including this one, of the TSI comes into force during the phase A period it is permissible to use the revised version, either totally or for discrete sections, if both the applicant and the notified body agree to do so. These arrangements shall be documented.

After a positive assessment, a notified body shall issue the type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification for the subsystem or the type or design examination certificateof conformity and/or suitability for use for the interoperability constituent.

7.1.1.4.   Phase B

(a)   Subsystem requirements

This type or design examination certificate for the subsystem is valid for a seven year phase B period even if a new TSI comes into force except in case of use of Article 19 of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC. During this time, new rolling stock of the same type is permitted to be placed into service without a new type assessment.

Before the end of the seven year phase B period, rolling stock shall be assessed according to the TSI in force at that time for those requirements that have changed or are new in comparison to the certification basis.

—	If a derogation is requested and accepted, the existing type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification remains valid for another three year phase B period. Before the end of the three years the same process of assessment and application for derogation is permitted to take place again.

—	If the design of the subsystem is compliant the type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification shall remain valid for a further seven year phase B period.

In the event that no new TSI comes into force before the end of the phase B period, assessment of the rolling stock is not required and the relevant certification shall remain in force for a further seven year phase B period.

(b)   Interoperability constituent requirement

The type or design examination or suitability for use certificate is valid for a five year phase B period even if a new TSI comes into force except in case of use of Article 19 of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC. During this time, new constituents of the same type are permitted to be placed into service without an assessment.

Before the end of the five-year phase B period, constituent shall be assessed according to the TSI in force at that time for those requirements that have changed or are new in comparison to the certification basis.

If a derogation is requested and accepted, the existing type or design examination or suitability for use certificate of ‘EC’ verification remains valid for another three year phase B period. Before the end of the three years the same process of assessment and application for derogation is permitted to take place once more only.

7.1.2.   Newly built rolling stock of an existing design certified to an existing TSI

The existing type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification for the subsystem is valid for a seven year phase B period after its issue date even if a new TSI comes into force except for specific requirements where Article 19 of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, is applied. During this time, new rolling stock of the same type is permitted to be placed into service without a new type assessment.

Before the end of the seven year phase B period, rolling stock shall be assessed according to the TSI in force at that time for those requirements that have changed or are new in comparison to the certification basis.

—

If a derogation is requested and accepted, the existing type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification remains valid for a further three year phase B period. Before the end of the three years the same process of assessment and application for derogation is permitted to take place again.

—	If the design of the subsystem is compliant the type or design examination certificate of ‘EC’ verification remains valid for a further seven-year phase B period.

In the event that no new TSI comes into force before the end of the phase B period, assessment of the rolling stock is not required and the relevant certification shall remain in force for a further seven year phase B period.

For interoperability constituents the process described in clause 7.1.1.4 is also valid for newly built rolling stock of an existing design certified to an existing TSI.

7.1.3.   Rolling stock of an existing design

Rolling stock, whose design is not certified in accordance with the TSIs shall be subject to the conditions described in section 7.1.7.

Existing rolling stock is rolling stock which is already in service before this TSI enters into force.

This TSI does not apply to existing rolling stock as long as it is not renewed or upgraded.

7.1.4.   Rolling stock being upgraded or renewed

In respect of rolling stock already in operation this section applies to existing high-speed trains and conventional rolling stock to be upgraded for high speed operation, as defined in Article 2 clause (l) and (n) of Directive 96/48 amended by Directive 2004/50/EC.

A new assessment against the requirements of the TSI that is in force at the date of request is required only for the modifications that are within the scope of this TSI.

Guidance for those modifications that are deemed to be upgrades or renewals is given below.

The following list indicates as informative guidance those modifications that necessitate reassessment of a vehicle design. This list is not exhaustive (the parameter changes quoted below are valid only if the total change remains within the limits of the TSI):

—

Alterations to vehicle parameters affecting running performance beyond the simplified procedure (λ). λ is defined in clause 5.5.5 of EN14363:2005. — Fitting of new designs of spring, couplers, active vehicle/car-body steering mechanisms etc. — Exceeding the basic conditions for adoption of the simplified measuring procedure: The ‘non-existence’ of a safety factor (λ ≥ 1,1 meaning that the evaluated results are at least 10 % off the safety-related limit values. — Alterations to operating, vehicle and running gear parameters in excess of the tolerances set out in Table 3 of EN14363:2005 ‘Railway applications — ride testing for the approval of rolling stock — testing of ride behaviour and stationary tests’.

—	Raising Vmax by more than 10 km/h

—	Alteration of total vehicle weight by more than 10 %

—	Raising of static axle load by more than 1,5 t

—	Alteration of concepts for — Emergency exits — Fire safety — Occupational safety and environmental protection — On board train control and management systems inclusive of the applicable software

7.1.5.   Noise

7.1.5.1.   Transitional period

It is allowable to apply limits 2 dB(A) higher than those stated in section 4 and clause 7.3 of this TSI for external noise from rolling stock within the scope of this TSI within a transitional period of 24 months starting from the date of entry into force of this TSI. This allowance is restricted to the case of:

—	contracts already signed or under the final phase of the tendering procedure at the date of entry into force of this TSI, and options to these contracts to purchase additional vehicles, or

—	contracts for purchasing new rolling stock of an existing design type signed during this transitional period.

The transitional period of 24 months is extended to 60 months in the case of DMUs where the power per diesel engine is more than or equal to 500 kW.

7.1.5.2.   Upgrading or renewal of rolling stock

It has only to be proved that an upgraded or renewed vehicle does not increase noise with respect to the performance of the vehicle before upgrading or renewal.

7.1.5.3.   A two step approach

It is recommended that in the case of new rolling stock to be ordered after 1 January 2010 Section 4.2.1.1 and Section 4.2.6.5.4 of this TSI is applied with a reduction of 2 dB(A) at a speed of 250km/h, and 3 dB(A) at speeds of 300km/h and 320km/h. This recommendation will serve only as a basis for revising section 4.2.6.5.4 in the context of the TSI revision process mentioned in section 7.1.10

7.1.6.   Mobile toilet discharge trolleys [clause 4.2.9.3]

First step: the infrastructure manager and the railway undertaking examine together the rolling stock roster project proposed by the railway undertaking, and identify the areas of the interoperable network, on the route under consideration, where it should be possible (according to this rolling stock roster project) to discharge the train toilets when needed, and where there are not (or not enough) toilet emptying fixed facilities allowing this operation on those trains.

Second step: the infrastructure manager and the railway undertaking carry out together an economic study leading to modifications of the rolling stock roster. Those modifications, regarding the number and/or the location of the areas where it will be possible to discharge the train toilets when needed, minimise the number of mobile toilet discharge trolleys (complying with this TSI) that will have to be placed on those areas.

7.1.7.   Measures to prevent fire — material conformity

Pending publication of EN45545-2 or of an annex to this TSI, conformity with the requirement in clause 4.2.7.2.2 shall be deemed to be satisfied by the verification of conformity to the material fire safety requirements of the notified national rules (using the appropriate operation category) from one of the following sets of standards:

—	the British standards BS6853, GM/RT2120 issue 2 and AV/ST9002 issue 1;

—	the French standards NF F 16-101:1988 and NF F 16-102/1992;

—	the German standard DIN 5510-2:2003 including toxicity measurements, fire safety category 2 (standard currently being supplemented by requirements for toxicity; toxicity requirements from other standards may be utilised as appropriate until the supplement is completed)

—	the Italian standards UNI CEI 11170-1:2005 and UNI CEI 11170-3:2005.

—	the Polish standards PN-K-02511:2000 and PN-K-02502:1992.

7.1.8.   Rolling stock operating under national, bilateral, multilateral or international agreements

7.1.8.1.   Existing agreements

Member States shall notify the Commission, within 6 months after the entry into force of this TSI, of the following agreements under which rolling stock related to the scope of this TSI (construction, renewal, upgrading, placing in service, operation and management of rolling stock as defined in chapter 2 of this TSI) are operated:

—	national, bilateral or multilateral agreements between Member States/Safety Authorities and railway undertakings or infrastructure managers, agreed on either a permanent or temporary basis;

—	bilateral or multilateral agreements between railway undertakings, infrastructure managers or between Member States/Safety Authorities;

—	international agreements between one or more Member States and at least one third country, or between railway undertakings or infrastructure managers of Member States and at least one railway undertaking or infrastructure manager of a third country;

Continued operation/maintenance of rolling stock covered by these agreements shall be permitted as far as they comply with Community legislation.

The compatibility of these agreements with EU legislation including their non-discriminatory character, and this TSI, will be assessed by the European Rail Agency and the Commission will take the necessary measures such as, for example, the revision of this TSI to include possible specific cases or transitional measures.

The RIC Agreement shall not be notified because it is known.

7.1.8.2.   Future agreements

Any future agreement or modification of existing agreements, in particular those which include the procurement of rolling stock whose design is not certified in accordance with the TSIs, shall take into account EU legislation and this TSI. Member States shall notify the Commission of such agreements/modifications. The same procedure as set out in clause 7.1.7.1 then applies.

7.1.9.   TSI revision

In conformity with Article 6(3) of Directive 96/48/EC as modified by Directive 2004/50/EC, the Agency shall be responsible for preparing the review and updating of TSIs and making appropriate recommendations to the Committee referred to in Article 21 of this Directive in order to take account of developments in technology or social requirements. In addition, the progressive adoption and revision of other TSIs may also impact this TSI. Proposed changes to this TSI shall be subject to rigorous review and updated TSIs will be published on an indicative periodic basis of 3 years.

The Agency shall be notified of any innovative solutions being considered by an applicant according to section 6.1.4 or 6.2.3, or by notified bodies when the applicant failed to do so in order to determine its future inclusion within the TSI.

Then the Agency shall proceed according to section 6.1.4 or 6.2.3.

7.2.   Compatibility of rolling stock with other subsystems

The implementation of the High Speed Rolling Stock TSI shall comply with the requirement of full compatibility between the rolling stock and the fixed installations, including infrastructure, energy and control-command of the trans-European high-speed network

Following this, the implementation methods and phases concerning rolling stock depend on the following conditions:

—	the progress of implementation of the High-Speed Infrastructure, Energy, Control-Command and Signalling and Operation TSIs,

—	the rolling stock operational schemes (rosters)

The migration strategy for the on-board control-command system is described in the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006 clause 7.2.2.5.

The tools to ensure the technical compatibility requirements as well as to take into account the fore-mentioned conditions are:

—	The infrastructure register;

—	The rolling stock register.

7.3.   Specific cases

7.3.1.   General

The following special provisions are authorised in the following specific cases.

These specific cases are classified according to two categories: the provisions apply either permanently (‘P’ cases), or temporarily (‘T’ cases). It is recommended that the target system of the temporary cases is achieved either by 2010 (‘T1’ cases), an objective set in European Parliament and Council Decision No 1692/96/EC of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, or by 2020 (‘T2’ cases).

7.3.2.   List of specific cases

7.3.2.1.   General specific case on the 1 524 mm gauge network

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

In the territory of Finland and at Swedish cross-border station Haparanda (1 524 mm), the bogies, wheelsets and other track gauge interfaces related interoperability constituents or/and subsystems built for track gauge 1 524 mm network are only accepted, if they comply with the following mentioned Finnish specific cases for track gauge interfaces. Without prejudice to the above-mentioned restriction (1 524 mm gauge) all the interoperability constituents and/or subsystems complying with the TSI requirements for 1 435 mm track gauge are accepted at Finnish cross-border station Tornio (1 435 mm) and at train-ferry harbours on the tracks for 1 435 mm.

7.3.2.2.   End couplers and coupling arrangements to rescue trains [clause 4.2.2.2]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

The distance between buffer centrelines is permitted to be 1 830 mm. Alternatively, it is permitted that this rolling stock be equipped with SA-3 couplers with or without side buffers.

Where the distance between the buffer centrelines is 1 790 mm, the width of the buffer plates shall be increased by 40 mm towards the outside.

7.3.2.3.   Passenger step [clause 4.2.2.4.1]

Note: specific cases from the PRM TSI will be incorporated here later.

7.3.2.4.   Vehicle gauge [clause 4.2.3.1]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Rolling stock intended for operation in Finland (1 524 mm) shall comply with gauge FIN 1 as defined in Annex R

Specific case for lines in Great Britain:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Trains designed for running on upgraded lines in Great Britain shall comply with gauge ‘UK1 (issue2)’ as defined in Annex C to this TSI.

Specific case for trains running on Ireland and Northern Ireland networks:

Category ‘P’- permanent

The gauge of trains designed for running on lines of the Ireland and Northern Ireland networks shall be compatible with the Irish standard structure gauge.

7.3.2.5.   Vehicle mass [clause 4.2.3.2]

Specific case France:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.1.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

Specific case Belgium high-speed TEN (except ‘L1’):

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.1.5 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

7.3.2.6.   Electrical resistance of wheelsets [clause 4.2.3.3.1]

Specific case Poland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.5.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Specific case France:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.5.3 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

Specific case Netherlands:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.5.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Specific case on the 1520/1524 mm gauge network

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 6.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

7.3.2.7.   Hot axle box detection for Class 2 trains [clause 4.2.3.3.2.3]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Functional requirements for the vehicle

Mutual agreement between the infrastructure-manager and the railway undertaking is requested to identify trains by train identification systems and use of specific alarm trigger levels. Specific alarm trigger levels shall be listed in the rolling stock register

Transverse dimensions of the target area

For rolling stock intended to be used on Finnish network (1 524mm track gauge) the target areas on the underside of an axle box that shall remain un-obstructed to permit observation by a trackside HABD shall be the following:

—	minimum uninterrupted length of 50mm within a transverse minimum distance from the wheelset-centre of 1 020mm and a maximum transverse distance from the wheelset centre of 1 140mm

—	minimum uninterrupted length of 15mm within a transverse minimum distance from the wheelset-centre of 885mm and a maximum transverse distance from the wheelset centre of 903mm

Longitudinal dimension of the target area

The longitudinal dimension on the underside of the axle box that shall remain unobstructed to permit observation by a trackside HABD (see figure below) shall:

—	be centred on the wheelset’s centreline,

—	have a minimum length L (mm) = 200mm

7.3.2.8.   Wheel-rail contact (wheel profiles) [4.2.3.4.4]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Wheelsets of trains designed for running on lines of the Finnish network shall be compatible with the track gauge of 1 524mm.

Specific case for trains running on Ireland and Northern Ireland networks:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Wheelsets of trains designed for running on lines of the Ireland and Northern Ireland networks shall be compatible with the track gauge of 1 602mm.

7.3.2.9.   Wheelsets [4.2.3.4.9]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

The dimensions for wheelsets and wheels related to 1 520 and 1 524 mm track gauges are given in Annex M Table M.2.

7.3.2.10.   Maximum train length [4.2.3.5]

Specific case for Great Britain

Category ‘P’- permanent

The High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 contains a specific case for the British network requiring platforms on upgraded lines to have a usable length of at least 300m. The actual length of platforms on upgraded lines in Great Britain where trains complying with the High Speed Rolling Stock TSI are intended to stop in normal commercial operation will be indicated in the infrastructure register. The length of high speed trains intended for operation on the British network shall be compatible with the length of the platforms at which they are intended to stop.

Specific case for Greece.

Category ‘P’ — permanent

The High Speed Infrastructure TSI 2006 contains a specific case for the Greek network requiring platforms on certain upgraded lines to have a usable length ranging from 150m to 300m as described in detail in said specific case.

The length of trains complying with the High Speed Rolling Stock TSI intended for operation on the Greek network shall be compatible with the length of the platforms at which they are intended to stop.

7.3.2.11.   Sanding [4.2.3.10]

Specific case on the 1520/1524 mm gauge network

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 6. of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

7.3.2.12.   Braking [clause 4.2.4]

7.3.2.12.1.   General

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

If the nominal speed exceeds 140 km/h at least one bogie shall be equipped with a magnetic track brake. If the nominal speed exceeds 180 km/h both bogies shall be equipped with magnetic track brakes. The track brakes in both cases shall be equipped with heating

The requirements set for the brake performance on steep gradients are not valid for vehicles for 1 524 mm gauge.

For vehicles used on 1 524 mm gauge, the parking brake shall be designed in such a way that fully loaded coaches shall be held on a gradient of 2,5 % with maximum wheel/rail adhesion of 0,15 with no wind.

7.3.2.12.2.   Eddy current brakes [clause 4.2.4.5]

Specific case for Germany

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 5.2.3 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

Specific case for Sweden

Category ‘P’- permanent

The use of eddy current brakes for emergency braking or service braking is not allowed on the Swedish network.

7.3.2.13.   Environmental conditions [clause 4.2.6.1]

Specific case for Finland, Sweden and Norway:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Humidity

Sudden changes of the air temperature local to the vehicle shall be considered for a maximum variation of 60oK.

7.3.2.14.   Train Aerodynamics

7.3.2.14.1.   Aerodynamic loads on passengers on a platform [clause 4.2.6.2.2]

Specific case for UK

Category ‘P’ — Permanent

A full length train, running in the open air at v =200 km/h, (or at its maximum operating speed if this is lower), shall not cause the air speed to exceed the value u2σ =11,5 m/s at a height of 1,2 m above the platform and at a distance of 3,0 m from the track centre, during the whole train passage (including the wake). The platform height used in the assessment shall be 915 mm or lower. All other testing conditions are as set out in 4.2.6.2.2.

7.3.2.14.2.   Pressure loads in open air [clause 4.2.6.2.3]

Specific case for UK:

Category ‘P’- permanent

On upgraded lines in the UK the maximum permissible pressure change (Δp2σ) shall be 665 Pa for all trains.

7.3.2.14.3.   Maximum pressure variations in tunnels [clause 4.2.6.4]

Specific case for Italy:

Category ‘P’- permanent

To take account of the numerous tunnels with a cross-section of 54 m2 which are traversed at 250 km/h, and those with a cross-section of 82,5 m2 and traversed at 300 km/h, trains operating on the Italian network shall conform to the requirements set out in Table 24.

Table 24

Requirements for interoperable train in a solo-run in a non-inclined tube-like tunnel (Specific Case Italy)

Train type	Gauge	Reference Case		Criteria for the Reference Case			Allowed maximum speed [km/h]
		Vtr [km/h]	Atu [m2]	ΔpN [Pa]	ΔpN+ΔpFr [Pa]	ΔpN+ΔpFr+ΔpT [Pa]
Vtr,max < 250 km/h	GA or smaller	200	53,6	≤ 1 750	≤ 3 000	≤ 3 700	≤ 210
	GB	200	53,6	≤ 1 750	≤ 3 000	≤ 3 700	≤ 210
	GC	200	53,6	≤ 1 750	≤ 3 000	≤ 3 700	≤ 210
Vtr,max < 250 km/h	GA or smaller	200	53,6	≤ 1 195	≤ 2 145	≤ 3 105	< 250
	GB	200	53,6	≤ 1 285	≤ 2 310	≤ 3 340	< 250
	GC	200	53,6	≤ 1 350	≤ 2 530	≤ 3 455	< 250
Vtr,max≥ 250 km/h	GA or smaller	250	53,6	≤ 1 870	≤ 3 355	≤ 4 865	250
Vtr,max≥ 250 km/h	GA or smaller	250	63,0	≤ 1 460	≤ 2 620	≤ 3 800	> 250
	GB	250	63,0	≤ 1 550	≤ 2 780	≤ 4 020	> 250
	GC	250	63,0	≤ 1 600	≤ 3 000	≤ 4 100	> 250

If a trainset does not fulfil the values specified in Table 24, the operation rules for this train shall be determined by applying the published rules of the infrastructure manager.

7.3.2.15.   Boundary characteristics linked to exterior noise [clause 4.2.6.5]

7.3.2.15.1.   Limit for stationary noise [clause 4.2.6.5.2]

Specific case for UK and Ireland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

For DMU's, the limit for stationary noise LpAEq, T shall be 77dB(A).

7.3.2.15.2.   Limit for starting noise [clause 4.2.6.5.3]

Specific case for UK and Ireland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

For electric locomotives with P<4500 kW at the wheel rim, the maximum starting noise LpAFmax shall be 84dB(A).

7.3.2.16.   Fire extinguisher [clause 4.2.7.2.3.2]

Specific case for Italy:

Category ‘T2’- temporary

To take into account the duration of the process of updating national regulations, it is permitted that domestic trains operating on the Italian network on national routes are equipped with portable dry powder extinguishers.

Portable dry powder extinguishers shall be adequate and sufficient and shall be placed at appropriate locations.

7.3.2.17.   Horns [clause 4.2.7.4.2.1]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Class 2 trains shall be fitted with horns with two distinct tones. The notes of the audible warning horns are intended to be recognisable as being from a train and not be similar to warning devices used in road transport or as factory or other common warning devices. Two separately sounded warning horns shall be used. The fundamental frequencies of the warning horn notes shall be:

– high note	:	800 Hz ± 20 Hz
– low note	:	460 Hz ± 20 Hz

Specific case for Italy:

Category ‘T2’- temporary

To take into account the duration of the process of updating national regulations, it is permitted that domestic trains operating on the Italian network on national routes are equipped with horns with fundamental frequencies of:

– high note	:	660 Hz ± 15 Hz
– low note	:	370 Hz ± 10 Hz

The sound pressure level for these frequencies shall be between 120dB and 125dB using the measuring method described in clause 4.2.7.4.2.

7.3.2.18.   Control-command and signalling system [clause 4.2.7.9]

7.3.2.18.1.   Wheelset location [clause 4.2.7.9.2]

Specific case for Germany:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.1.5 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

Specific case for Poland and Belgium:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.1.6 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Specific case for France high-speed Trans European Network (TEN) and Belgium high-speed TEN ‘L1’ only:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.1.8 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Specific case for Belgium:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.1.9 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006

Specific case on the 1520/1524 mm gauge network

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 6.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

7.3.2.18.2.   Wheels [clause 4.2.7.9.3]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Due to the Nordic climatic conditions, a specific wheel material is generally used in Finland and in Norway. It is similar to ER8 but with a level of manganese and silicon increased to improved properties against shelling. For domestic traffic this material may be used if agreed between the parties.

Specific case for France:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.2.2 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

Specific case for Lithuania:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 2.2.4 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

7.3.2.19.   Pantograph [clause 4.2.8.3.6.]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

Trains operating on the Finnish network should be equipped with 1 950 mm pantograph. The profile of the pantograph head shall be as described below:

—	Horn made of insulating material (projected length 200mm)

—	Minimum length of the contact strip 1 100 mm

—	Conducting range of collector head 1 550 mm

—	Pantograph head length 1 950 mm

The normal height of the contact wire is 6 150 mm (min 5 600 mm, max 6 500 mm)

Pantograph heads shall have a maximum along track width of 400 mm.

Specific case for France:

Category T2

Copper and steel materials are permitted to be used for the contact strip on the DC network

Category P

Trains on DC lines are permitted to be equipped with a 1 950 mm wide pantograph heads.

Category P

High speed trains required to operate in France and Switzerland are permitted to be fitted with 1 450 mm wide pantographs heads.

Specific Case for Germany and Austria:

Category ‘P’ — permanent

The investment of changing the overhead line equipment on category II and III lines and in stations to meet the requirements of the 1 600 mm Euro pantograph is prohibitive. Trains traversing these lines shall be provided with secondary 1 950 mm pantographs for medium-speed operation up to 230 km/h so that the overhead line equipment on these parts of the trans-European network need not to be prepared for the operation of the Euro pantograph. In these areas a maximum lateral contact wire position of 550 mm is permissible related to the vertical on the track centre line under action of crosswind. Future studies concerning category II and III lines should take into account the Euro pantograph to demonstrate the relevance of the choices made.

Specific case for trains running on Great Britain network:

Category ‘P’- permanent

For lines in Categories II and III, pantograph heads shall not have insulated horns, unless permitted for specific routes by an entry in the infrastructure register.

For lines in Categories II and III, the conducting range of the pantograph head shall be 1 300mm.

Pantographs shall have a working range of 2,1 m.

Pantograph heads shall have a maximum along track width of 400 mm.

Specific case for trains running on the Swedish network:

Category ‘P’ — permanent

Trains traversing category II and III lines shall be provided with secondary 1 800 mm pantographs for medium-speed operation up to 230 km/h

For traffic across the Öresund Bridge into Sweden, 1 950 mm pantographs are permitted.

Capacitive power factor is not allowed at voltages over 16,5 kV, due to the risk of making it hard or impossible for other vehicles to use regenerative braking because of too high a voltage on the overhead line.

In regeneration mode (electrical braking), the train shall not behave like a capacitor greater than 60 kVAr at any regenerated power, i.e. capacitive power factor is prohibited during regeneration. The exception of 60 kVAr capacitive reactive power is to allow the possibility to have filters on the high voltage side of the train/traction unit. These filters shall not exceed 60 kVAr capacitive reactive power at the fundamental frequency.

Specific case for trains running on the Spanish network:

Category ‘P’ — permanent

On some category II and III lines and in stations the 1 600mm Europantograph is not permitted. Trains traversing these lines shall be provided with secondary 1 950 mm pantographs for medium-speed operation up to 230 km/h.

The investment of changing the overhead contact line on category II and III lines and in stations to meet the requirements of the 1 600 mm Euro pantograph is prohibitive. Trains traversing these lines shall be provided with secondary 1 950 mm pantographs for medium-speed operation up to 230 km/h so that the overhead contact lines on these parts of the trans-European network needs not be prepared for the operation of the Euro pantograph. In these areas a maximum lateral contact wire position of 550 mm related to the vertical on the track centre line is permissible under action of crosswind. Future studies concerning category II and III lines shall take into account the Euro pantograph to demonstrate the relevance of the choices made.

Pantograph gauge envelope

For lines in Categories II and III, pantographs of vehicles used in Great Britain shall remain within the gauge defined in the diagram below. This is an absolute gauge, and not a reference profile subject to adjustments. The means of demonstrating compliance is an Open Point

The Pantograph Envelope

The diagram shows the extreme envelope within which movements of the pantograph head must remain. The envelope shall be placed on the extreme position of track centrelines permitted by track tolerances, which are not included. The envelope is not a Reference Profile.

At all speeds up to line speed; maximum cant; maximum wind speed at which unrestricted operation is possible, and extreme wind speed, defined in the register of infrastructure:

W = 990 mm,

when H ≤ 4 300  mm;

and

W′ = 990 + (0,040 × (H – 4 300 )) mm,

when H > 4 300  mm.

Where:

H = Height to top of envelope above rail level (in mm). The dimension is the sum of the contact wire height and the provision for uplift.

Additional allowance shall be made for contact strip wear.

Specific case Italy:

Category ‘P’- permanent

High speed trains required to operate in Italy and Switzerland are permitted to be fitted with 1 450 mm wide pantographs heads.

7.3.2.20.   Interfaces with control-command and signalling system [clause 4.2.8.3.8]

Specific case Belgium:

Category ‘P’- permanent

This specific case is specified in clause 3.6.1 of Annex A Appendix 1 of the Control-Command and Signalling TSI 2006.

7.3.2.21.   Toilet discharge system connections [clause 4.2.9.3.]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

The connections for emptying and for rinsing and their seals shall comply with figures M VI1 and M VI2 respectively of Annex M VI.

7.3.2.22.   Water filling adapters [clause 4.2.9.5.]

Specific case for Finland:

Category ‘P’- permanent

The water filling adapters shall be as shown in Figure M VII3 of Annex M VII.

7.3.2.23.   Fire Standards [clause 7.1.6]

Specific Case for Spain

Category ‘T’ — temporary

Until EN45545-2 is published the Spanish rules on fir standards (DT-PCI/5A) will apply

---

(1)  In cases where loading is not possible, alternative methods are permissible, such as simulation by isolating further brake units provided they do not introduce significant errors in the procedure

(2)  Higher power factors than 0,8 will result in better economic performance due to a reduced requirement for fixed equipment provision.

(*)  Modules A1 and H1 are allowed for existing solutions only under conditions defined in clause 6.1.3