1.

Is Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which governs the right to have the freedom to conduct a business in the EU legal order, to be interpreted as meaning that it precludes a national provision such as Paragraph 18 of the Prehodni i zaklyuchitelni razporedbi na Zakona za izmenenie i dopalnenie na zakona za energetikata (Transitional and final provisions of the Law amending and supplementing the Law on energy, ‘the PZR ZIDZE’), pursuant to which, despite the fact that an agreement has been entered into and a contractual relationship exists — aspects that are subject to special provisions of the applicable law — one of the fundamental elements of the agreement (the price) is changed in favour of one of the contracting parties by legislative act?

2.

Is the principle of legal certainty to be interpreted as meaning that it precludes the redefinition of legal relationships that have already been established between private legal entities or between the State and private legal entities on the basis of special provisions if such redefinition has an adverse effect on the legitimate expectations of the legal entities governed by private law and rights already acquired by them?

3.

Having regard to the judgment of the Court of Justice of 10 September 2009, Plantanol (C-201/08, EU:C:2009:539), is the principle of the protection of legitimate expectations, as a fundamental principle of EU law, to be interpreted as meaning that it precludes a Member State from changing the applicable legal regime for the generation of electricity from renewable sources without a sufficient guarantee of predictability by prematurely withdrawing measures provided for by law which are aimed at promoting the generation of electricity from renewable sources and are linked to long-term power purchase agreements, contrary to the conditions under which private actors have made investments in the generation of electricity from renewable sources and entered into long-term power purchase agreements with State-regulated electricity suppliers?

4.

Having regard to recitals 8 and 14 in the preamble to the directive, are Articles 3 and 4 of Directive 2009/28/EC (1) on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources to be interpreted as meaning that they oblige Member States to guarantee legal certainty for investors in the area of generation of electricity from renewable sources, including solar energy, by means of national measures for implementing the directive?

If that question is answered in the affirmative: Is a national provision such as Paragraph 18 PZR ZIDZE, which significantly changes the preferential conditions for the purchase of electricity from renewable sources, even for long-term agreements which have already been entered into for the purchase of electricity from such sources in accordance with the originally adopted national measures for implementing the directive, permissible pursuant to Articles 3 and 4 in conjunction with recitals 8 and 14 of Directive 2009/28?

5.

How is the term ‘Member State’ to be interpreted for the purposes of applying EU law at a national level? Having regard to the judgment of the Court of Justice of 12 July 1990, Foster and Others (C-188/89, EU:C:1990:313) and the subsequent judgments of the Court of Justice in that area of case-law, does this term also cover the providers of a service of general economic interest (electricity supply), such as the defendant company in the pending court proceedings, which have been made responsible for providing that service under conditions governed by law pursuant to a measure adopted by a State authority and under the supervision of that authority?