ANNEX

PART 1

CAS No 88-72-2		Einecs No 201-853-3
Structural formula:
Einecs name:	2-nitrotoluene
IUPAC name:	2-nitrotoluene
Rapporteur:	Spain
Classification (1):	Carc. Cat. 2; R45 Muta. Cat. 2; R46 Repr. Cat. 3; R62 Xn; R22 N; R51-53

The risk assessment (2) is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State Rapporteur.

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community the substance 2-nitrotoluene is used in the synthesis of intermediates for the manufacture of agricultural and rubber chemicals, explosives, heat sensitive colorants, azo and sulphur dyes, and in the organic synthesis of a wide variety of compounds including petrochemicals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. The 2-nitrotoluene is mainly synthesised by the nitration of toluene and once manufactured is largely used on-site for production of o-toluidine or 2,4-dinitrotoluene.

This substance has not been tested for sensitisation and consequently the risk assessment does not evaluate the risks to any population of sensitisation. This test has not been required, as the substance has been identified as a non-threshold carcinogen, which will require control measures that would not be influenced by further information on whether the substance is a sensitiser or not.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A.   Human Health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks during production and further processing. This conclusion is reached because:

—	concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and dermal exposure,

—	concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility and development) as a consequence of dermal exposure.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	exposure of consumers is not assumed to exist.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

—

concerns for carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from a local site, and for mutagenicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from all local sites as well as from regional exposure resulting from production and further processing of the substance.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

B.   Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including STP and sediment) and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

for WORKERS

The legislation for workers' protection currently in force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

for HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

The existing legislative measures for the protection of humans exposed via the environment, in particular the provisions under Council Directive 2008/1/EC (3), are considered sufficient to address identified risk to the general public.

PART 2

CAS No 121-14-2		Einecs No 204-450-0
Structural formula:
Einecs name:	2,4-dinitrotoluene
IUPAC name:	1,3-dinitro-4-methylbenzene
Rapporteur:	Spain
Classification (4):	Carc. Cat. 2; R45 Muta. Cat. 3; R68 Repr.Cat. 3; R62 T; R23/24/25 Xn; R48/22 N; R51-53

The risk assessment (2) is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State Rapporteur.

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community the substance 2,4-dinitrotoluene is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), from toluene-2,4-diamine (TDA). This application uses about 99 % of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene production.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A.   Human health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

—	concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and dermal exposure arising from all worker scenarios,

—	concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility) as a consequence of dermal exposure arising from manufacture and use of explosives,

—	concerns for repeated dose toxicity and toxicity for reproduction (fertility) as a consequence of inhalation arising from manufacture of explosives.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	exposure of consumers is not assumed to exist.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

—	concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity as a consequence of inhalation and oral exposure arising from one local scenario.

Risks can not be excluded for all other exposure scenarios, as the substance is identified as a non-threshold carcinogen. The adequacy of existing controls and the feasibility and practicability of further specific measures should be considered. However, the risk assessment indicates that risks are already low. This should be taken into account when considering the adequacy of existing controls and the feasibility and practicability of further specific risk reduction measures.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

B.   Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing and for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks related to the environmental spheres mentioned above are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including sediment)

is that there is a need for limiting the risks; risk reduction measures which are already being applied shall be taken into account.

The risk assessment shows that there is a need for risk reduction measures for the aquatic compartment and for sediment-dwelling organisms on one local site. It is expected that any risk reduction measure for surface water would also reduce the risks for sediments.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

for WORKERS

The legislation for workers' protection currently in force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

for HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

The existing legislative measures for the protection of humans exposed via the environment, in particular the provisions under Directive 2008/1/EC, are considered sufficient to address identified risks to the general public.

for ENVIRONMENT

To facilitate permitting and monitoring under Directive 2008/1/EC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) 2,4-DNT should be included in the ongoing work to develop guidance on ‘Best Available Techniques’ (BAT).

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(1)  This chemical substance is included in the Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC. The classification of the substance is established by Commission Directive 2004/73/EC of 29 April 2004 adapting to technical progress for the 29th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (OJ L 152, 30.4.2004, p. 1, amended by OJ L 216, 16.6.2004, p. 3).

(2)  The comprehensive Risk Assessment Report, as well as a summary thereof, can be found on the Internet site of the European Chemicals Bureau:

http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-substances/

(3)  OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.

(4)  The classification of the substance is established by Commission Directive 2004/73/EC of 29 April 2004 adapting to technical progress for the 29th time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (OJ L 152, 30.4.2004, p. 1 corrected by OJ L 216, 16.6.2004, p. 3).