a.

Does Section 4 of Chapter II (Articles 12-15) of the Directive on electronic commerce (2000/31) (1) apply to gambling activities, even though Article 1 [5](d), third indent, expressly provides that that directive is not to apply to information society services consisting of gambling activities which involve wagering a stake with monetary value in games of chance, including lotteries and betting transactions?

b.

If so, must that concept of ‘gambling activities’ be interpreted in accordance with national law, or is it an autonomous concept of EU law (and, in that case, what are the relevant application criteria, and does the presence of certain elements in an app that satisfy those criteria mean that the entire app must thereby be regarded as a gambling activity)?

a.

in order to determine whether the service provider has behaved as a diligent economic operator and yet is not aware of facts or circumstances from which the illegal activity or information is apparent [within the meaning of Article 14(1)(a), now Article 6(1)(a)], can account be taken of information relating to a category of content (here, loot boxes) which, hypothetically, is illegal in its entirety, or must the information reaching the service provider relate to well-defined, individual content?

b.

does the process of approval of apps offered in the App Store imply that the recipient buys those apps under the control of the service provider, within the meaning of Article 14(2) (now Article 6(2) [of the Digital Services Act])?