(1)

Pursuant to Article 11 of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, a performance scheme for air navigation services and network functions is to be set up. Furthermore, pursuant to Article 10 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, Member States are to draw up, either at national level or at the level of functional airspace blocks (‘FABs’), binding performance targets for each reference period of the performance scheme for air navigation services and network functions. Those performance targets have to be consistent with the Union-wide targets adopted by the Commission for the reference period concerned. The Commission is responsible for assessing whether the proposed performance targets contained in the draft performance plans drawn up by the Member States are consistent with the Union-wide performance targets using the assessment criteria set out in Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(2)

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has, since the first quarter of calendar year 2020, significantly impacted the air transport sector and has considerably reduced air traffic volumes as compared to pre-pandemic levels, due to the measures taken by the Member States and third countries to contain the pandemic.

(3)

Union-wide performance targets for the third reference period (‘RP3’) were originally set out in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/903 (3). As those Union-wide performance targets and the draft RP3 performance plans subsequently submitted by the Member States were drawn up before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, they could not take account of the resulting significantly changed circumstances for air transport.

(4)

In response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of air navigation services, exceptional measures for RP3, which derogate from the provisions of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, were set out in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1627 (4). Pursuant to Article 2(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1627, the Commission adopted, on 2 June 2021, Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/891 (5) setting revised Union-wide performance targets for RP3.

(5)

The Commission notes that the October 2021 base traffic forecast of the Eurocontrol’s Statistics and Forecast Service (‘STATFOR’) projects that air traffic at Union-wide level will reach its pre-pandemic levels in the course of 2023 and will exceed those levels in 2024. However, the level of uncertainty regarding traffic development remains particularly high because of the risks related to the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemiological situation. The Commission also notes that the traffic recovery is expected to be uneven across Member States.

(6)

All Member States have developed and adopted draft performance plans containing revised local performance targets for RP3, which were submitted to the Commission for assessment by 1 October 2021. Following the verification of completeness of those draft performance plans, the Commission requested Member States to submit updated draft performance plans by 17 November 2021. The Commission’s assessment presented in this Decision is based on the updated draft performance plan submitted by Denmark.

(7)

The performance review body, assisting the Commission in the implementation of the performance scheme pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EC) No 549/2004, has submitted to the Commission a report containing its advice on the assessment of RP3 draft performance plans.

(8)

In accordance with Article 14(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission has assessed the consistency of the local performance targets proposed by Denmark on the basis of the assessment criteria laid down in point 1 of Annex IV to that Implementing Regulation, and taking account of local circumstances. In respect of each key performance area and the related performance targets, the Commission has complemented the assessment by reviewing draft performance plans in respect of the elements set out in point 2 of Annex IV to that Implementing Regulation.

(9)

Concerning the key performance area of safety, the Commission has assessed the consistency of the targets submitted by Denmark regarding the effectiveness of safety management of air navigation service providers based on the criterion laid down in point 1.1 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. That assessment was conducted taking account of local circumstances and was complemented by the review of measures planned for the achievement of the safety targets in respect of the elements set out in point 2.1.(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(10)

The draft performance targets in the key performance area of safety proposed by Denmark in respect of the effectiveness of safety management, broken down per safety management objective and expressed as a level of implementation, are as follows:

(11)

In respect of the draft safety targets proposed by Denmark for the air navigation service provider (Naviair), the Commission has found that the level of the Union-wide performance target is planned to be achieved in 2023 with regard to the ‘safety risk management’ objective, whilst for the other ‘safety management objectives’ the local performance targets meet the level of the Union-wide performance target for each calendar year from 2022 to 2024, apart from the ‘safety policy and objectives’, where the level of the Union-wide performance target is planned to be achieved for each calendar year of the reference period.

(12)

The Commission notes that the draft performance plan submitted by Denmark sets out measures for Naviair for the achievement of the local safety targets, such as the implementation of the compliance requirements imposed by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 (6), as well as best practices outlined by the Safety Management Manuals of ICAO, CANSO and Eurocontrol. However, the Commission considers that more details on the foreseen measures should be provided during the monitoring of the remaining years of RP3.

(13)

On the basis of the findings set out in recitals 11 and 12, and considering that the Union-wide safety performance targets set in Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/891 must be achieved by the final year of RP3, namely 2024, the draft targets included in the draft performance plan of Denmark should be assessed as consistent with the Union-wide performance targets in the key performance area of safety.

(14)

Concerning the key performance area of environment, the consistency of the targets submitted by Denmark regarding the average horizontal en route flight efficiency of the actual trajectory has been assessed based on the criterion laid down in point 1.2 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Accordingly, the proposed targets contained in the draft performance plan of Denmark have been compared to the relevant en route horizontal flight efficiency reference values set out in the European Route Network Improvement Plan (‘ERNIP’) available at the time of adopting the revised Union-wide performance targets for RP3, that is on 2 June 2021. That assessment was conducted taking account of local circumstances and was complemented by the review of measures planned for the achievement of the environment targets under point 2.1(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(15)

In respect of the calendar year 2020, the Union-wide performance target for RP3 in the key performance area of environment, which was initially set out in Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/903, was not revised by Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/891, considering that the time period for the application of that target had expired and that its implementation had thus become definitive leaving no possibility for retroactive adjustments. Accordingly, Member States were not requested to revise, in the draft performance plans submitted by 1 October 2021, their local performance targets for calendar year 2020 in the key performance area of environment. Therefore„ the consistency of the local environment performance targets with the corresponding Union-wide performance targets should be assessed with regard to calendar years 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

(16)

The draft performance targets in the key performance area of environment proposed by Denmark and the corresponding national reference values for RP3 from the ERNIP, expressed as the average horizontal en route flight efficiency of the actual trajectory, are as follows:

(17)

The Commission observes that the draft environment targets proposed by Denmark are equal to the corresponding national reference values for each calendar year from 2021 to 2024.

(18)

In respect of point 2.1(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission notes that Denmark has presented in the draft performance plan measures for the achievement of the local environment targets which include the implementation of performance-based navigation and the re-design of standard instrument departure and arrival routes.

(19)

Furthermore, the Commission observes that Denmark has already implemented free route airspace (FRA) from flight level 285 and encourages Denmark to pursue a further implementation of FRA.

(20)

On the basis of the findings set out in recitals 17 to 19, the draft targets included in the draft performance plan of Denmark should be assessed as consistent with the Union-wide performance targets in the key performance area of environment.

(21)

Concerning the key performance area of capacity, the consistency of the targets submitted by Denmark regarding the average en route air traffic flow management (‘ATFM’) delay per flight has been assessed based on the criterion laid down in point 1.3 of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Accordingly, the proposed targets contained in the draft performance plan of Denmark have been compared to the relevant reference values set out in the Network Operations Plan available at the time of adopting the revised Union-wide performance targets for RP3, that is on 2 June 2021. That assessment was conducted taking account of local circumstances and was complemented by the review of measures planned for the achievement of the capacity targets under point 2.1(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(22)

In respect of the calendar year 2020, the Union-wide performance target for RP3 in the key performance area of capacity, which was initially set out in Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/903, was not revised by Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/891, considering that the time period for the application of that target had expired and that its implementation had thus become definitive leaving no possibility for retroactive adjustments. Accordingly, Member States were not requested to revise, in the draft performance plans submitted by 1 October 2021, their local performance targets for calendar year 2020 in the key performance area of capacity. Therefore, the consistency of the local capacity performance targets with the corresponding Union-wide performance targets should be assessed with regard to calendar years 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024.

(23)

The draft en route capacity targets proposed by Denmark for RP3, expressed in minutes of ATFM delay per flight, as well as the corresponding reference values from the Network Operations Plan, are as follows:

(24)

The Commission observes that the draft capacity proposed by Denmark are equal to the corresponding national reference values for each calendar year from 2021 to 2024.

(25)

In respect of point 2.1(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission notes that Denmark has presented in the draft performance plan a range of measures for the achievement of the local en route capacity targets. Those measures include the continuous improvement of the air traffic services route network, increased civil-military cooperation to optimise the use of FRA, minor air traffic management system upgrades, and the implementation of improved air traffic flow and capacity management techniques.

(26)

On the basis of the findings set out in recitals 24 and 25, the draft targets included in the draft performance plan of Denmark should be assessed as consistent with the Union-wide performance targets in the key performance area of capacity.

(27)

With regard to airports which fall within the scope of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317 as set out in Articles 1(3) and (4) of that Regulation, the Commission has complemented its assessment of draft en route capacity targets by the review of the draft capacity targets for terminal air navigation services in accordance with point 2.1(b) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Those draft targets were not found to raise any concerns in respect of Denmark.

(28)

Concerning the key performance area of cost-efficiency, the consistency of the targets submitted by Denmark regarding the determined unit cost (‘DUC’) for en route air navigation services has been assessed based on the criteria laid down in points 1.4(a), (b) and (c) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Those criteria consist of the DUC trend over RP3, the long-term DUC trend over the second reference period (‘RP2’) and RP3 (2015-2024), and the baseline value for the DUC at charging zone level compared with the average value of the charging zones where air navigation service providers have a similar operational and economic environment.

(29)

The assessment of en route cost efficiency targets was conducted taking account of local circumstances. It was complemented by the review of the key factors and parameters underpinning those targets as specified in point 2.1(d) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(30)

The draft en route cost-efficiency targets proposed by Denmark for RP3 are as follows:

(31)

Concerning the criterion laid down in point 1.4(a) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Denmark’s en route DUC trend at charging zone level of -2,1 % over RP3 outperforms the Union-wide trend of +1,0 % over the same period.

(32)

Concerning the criterion laid down in point 1.4(b) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Denmark’s long-term en route DUC trend at charging zone level over RP2 and RP3 of -2,4 % outperforms the long-term Union-wide trend of -1,3 % over the same period.

(33)

Concerning the criterion laid down in point 1.4(c) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, the Commission observes that Denmark’s baseline value for the DUC of EUR 57,64 in real terms at 2017 prices (‘EUR2017’) is 28,0 % higher than the average baseline value of EUR 45,04 in EUR2017 of the relevant comparator group. The Commission notes that the determined en route unit cost of Denmark remains above the average of the comparator group during the whole RP3, with a difference of 22,2 % observed for 2024.

(34)

As outlined in recitals 31 and 32, it is clear that Denmark outperforms by a significant margin both the RP3 Union-wide DUC trend and the long-term Union-wide DUC trend. Furthermore, the DUC of Denmark in 2024 is lower than the baseline values for 2014 and 2019, which shows that effective cost-efficiency gains are achieved both in the medium and long term. Regardless of the difference between Denmark’s baseline value and the comparator group average observed in recital 33, Denmark has demonstrated a cost-efficiency evolution outperforming the Union-wide trends, which provides a sufficient basis for establishing consistency with the Union-wide cost-efficiency performance targets for RP3.

(35)

On the basis of the findings set out in recitals 31 to 34, the draft targets included in the draft performance plan of Denmark should be assessed as consistent with the Union-wide performance targets in the key performance area of cost-efficiency.

(36)

With regard to airports which fall within the scope of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317 as set out in Articles 1(3) and (4) of that Regulation, the Commission has complemented its assessment of draft en route cost-efficiency targets with the review of the draft cost-efficiency targets for terminal air navigation services in accordance with point 2.1(c) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. Those draft targets were not found to raise any concerns in respect of Denmark.

(37)

In accordance with point 2.1(f) of Annex IV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, in relation to the assessment of draft capacity targets, the Commission has complemented its assessment by a review of the draft incentive schemes referred to in Article 11 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. In this respect, the Commission has examined whether the draft incentive schemes fulfil the substantive requirements set out in Article 11(1) and (3) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317. The draft incentive schemes contained in the draft performance plan of Denmark were found to raise concerns.

(38)

The Commission observes that both the en route capacity incentive scheme and the terminal capacity incentive scheme proposed in Denmark’s draft performance plan comprise a maximum financial disadvantage amounting to 0,50 % of determined costs, and a maximum financial advantage amounting to 0,40 % of determined costs.

(39)

In respect of those incentive schemes, the Commission, on the basis of expert advice provided by the performance review body, has strong doubts whether the proposed maximum financial disadvantages, which amount to 0,50 % of determined costs, would have any material impact on the revenue at risk, as required pursuant to Article 11(3), point (a) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317.

(40)

Therefore, Denmark should revise, in connection with the adoption of its final performance plan in accordance with Article 16, point (a) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, its incentive schemes for achieving en route and terminal capacity targets so that the maximum financial disadvantages stemming from those incentive schemes are set at a level having a material impact on the revenue at risk, as expressly required under Article 11(3), point (a) of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/317, which in the Commission’s view should lead to a maximum financial disadvantage equal to or higher than 1 % of determined costs.

(41)

On the basis of the assessment set out in recitals 9)to 40, the Commission has found that the performance targets contained in the draft performance plans submitted by Denmark are consistent with the Union-wide performance targets.

(42)

The Commission notes that some Member States have indicated their intention to include cost items relating to airport drone detection in their RP3 cost bases. It has not been possible to precisely establish, based on the elements contained in the draft performance plans, to what extent Member States have included such determined costs in their RP3 cost bases and, where such costs have been included, to what extent they are incurred in relation to the provision of air navigation services and could thus be deemed eligible under the performance and charging scheme. The Commission services have sent an ad hoc information request to all Member States in order to gather relevant information, and will further examine the reported airport drone detection costs in the context of unit rate compliance verification. This Decision is without prejudice to the findings and conclusions of the Commission on the topic of drone detection costs.

(43)

In response to Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, the Union has adopted restrictive measures prohibiting Russian air carriers, any Russian-registered aircraft and any non-Russian-registered aircraft which is owned or chartered, or otherwise controlled by any Russian natural or legal person, entity or body from landing in, taking off from, or overflying the territory of the Union. Those measures are leading to a reduced air traffic in the airspace over the territory of the Union. The impact at the Union-wide level should however not be comparable to the reduction of air traffic which resulted from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Therefore, it is appropriate to maintain the existing measures and processes for the implementation of the performance and charging scheme in RP3,