AGREEMENT

between the European Union and Georgia on the readmission of persons residing without authorisation

THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,

THE EUROPEAN UNION, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Union’,

and

GEORGIA,

DETERMINED to strengthen their cooperation in order to combat illegal immigration more effectively,

DESIRING to establish, by means of this Agreement and on the basis of reciprocity, rapid and effective procedures for the identification and safe and orderly return of persons who do not, or no longer, fulfil the conditions for entry into, presence in, or residence on, the territories of Georgia or of one of the Member States of the European Union, and to facilitate the transit of such persons in a spirit of cooperation,

EMPHASISING that this Agreement shall be without prejudice to the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Union, its Member States and Georgia arising from international law and, in particular, from the European Convention of 4 November 1950 for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the Convention of 28 July 1951 on the Status of Refugees as amended by the Protocol of 31 January 1967,

CONSIDERING that in accordance with Protocol No 21 on the position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Ireland in respect of the area of Freedom, Security and Justice annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Ireland will not take part in this Agreement unless it notify its wish to that effect in accordance with that Protocol,

CONSIDERING that the provisions of this Agreement, which falls within the scope of Title V of Part Three of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, do not apply to the Kingdom of Denmark, in accordance with the Protocol on the position of the Kingdom of Denmark annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

Definitions

For the purpose of this Agreement:

(a)	‘Contracting Parties’ shall mean Georgia and the Union;

(b)	‘National of Georgia’ shall mean any person who holds the citizenship of Georgia;

(c)	‘National of a Member State’ shall mean any person who holds the nationality, as defined for Union purposes, of a Member State;

(d)	‘Member State’ shall mean any Member State of the European Union bound by this Agreement;

(e)	‘Third-country national’ shall mean any person who holds a nationality other than that of Georgia or one of the Member States;

(f)	‘Stateless person’ shall mean any person who does not hold a nationality of any State;

(g)

‘Residence permit’ shall mean a permit of any type issued by Georgia or one of the Member States entitling a person to reside on its territory. This shall not include temporary permissions to remain on its territory in connection with the processing of an asylum application or an application for a residence permit;

(h)	‘Visa’ shall mean an authorisation issued or a decision taken by Georgia or one of the Member States which is required with a view to entry into, or transit through, its territory. This shall not include airport transit visas;

(i)	‘Requesting State’ shall mean the State (Georgia or one of the Member States) submitting a readmission application pursuant to Article 7 or a transit application pursuant to Article 14 of this Agreement;

(j)	‘Requested State’ shall mean the State (Georgia or one of the Member States) to which a readmission application pursuant to Article 7 or a transit application pursuant to Article 14 of this Agreement is addressed;

(k)	‘Competent Authority’ shall mean any national authority of Georgia or one of the Member States entrusted with the implementation of this Agreement in accordance with Article 19(1)(a) thereof;

(l)	‘Transit’ shall mean the passage of a third-country national or a stateless person through the territory of the Requested State while travelling from the Requesting State to the country of destination;

(m)	‘Border region’ shall mean an area which extends up to 5 kilometres from the territories of seaports including custom zones, and international airports of the Member States and Georgia.

SECTION I

READMISSION OBLIGATIONS BY GEORGIA

Article 2

Readmission of own nationals

1.   Georgia shall readmit, upon application by a Member State and without further formalities other than those provided for in this Agreement, all persons who do not, or who no longer, fulfil the conditions in force for entry into, presence in, or residence on, the territory of the Requesting Member State provided that it is proved, or may be validly assumed on the basis of prima facie evidence furnished, that they are nationals of Georgia.

2.   Georgia shall also readmit:

(a)	minor unmarried children of the persons mentioned in paragraph 1, regardless of their place of birth or their nationality, unless they have an independent right of residence in the Requesting Member State or hold a valid residence permit issued by another Member State; and

(b)

spouses, holding another nationality, of the persons mentioned in paragraph 1, provided they have the right to enter and stay or receive the right to enter and stay in the territory of Georgia, unless they have an independent right of residence in the Requesting Member State or hold a valid residence permit issued by another Member State.

3.   Georgia shall also readmit persons who have been deprived of, or who have forfeited or renounced, the nationality of Georgia since entering the territory of a Member State, unless such persons have at least been promised naturalisation by that Member State.

4.   After Georgia has given a positive reply to the readmission application, the competent diplomatic mission or consular office of Georgia shall, irrespective of the will of the person to be readmitted, immediately and no later than within 3 working days, issue the travel document required for the return of the person to be readmitted with a period of validity of 90 days. If Georgia has not, within 3 working days, issued the travel document, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the EU standard travel document for expulsion purposes (1).

5.   If, for legal or factual reasons, the person concerned cannot be transferred within the period of validity of the travel document that was initially issued, the competent diplomatic mission or consular office of Georgia shall, within 3 working days, extend the validity of the travel document or, where necessary, issue a new travel document with a period of validity of the same duration. If Georgia has not, within 3 working days, issued the new travel document or extended its validity, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the EU standard travel document for expulsion purposes (2).

Article 3

Readmission of third-country nationals and stateless persons

1.   Georgia shall readmit, upon application by a Member State and without further formalities other than those provided for in this Agreement, all third-country nationals or stateless persons who do not, or who no longer, fulfil the conditions in force for entry into, presence in, or residence on, the territory of the Requesting Member State provided that it is proved, or may be validly assumed on the basis of prima facie evidence furnished, that such persons:

(a)	hold, at the time of submission of the readmission application, a valid visa or residence permit issued by Georgia; or

(b)	illegally and directly entered the territory of a Member State after having stayed on, or transited through, the territory of Georgia.

2.   The readmission obligation in paragraph 1 shall not apply if:

(a)	the third-country national or stateless person has only been in airside transit via an international airport of Georgia; or

(b)

the Requesting Member State has issued to the third-country national or stateless person a visa or residence permit before or after entering its territory unless: (i) that person is in possession of a visa or residence permit, issued by Georgia, which has a longer period of validity; (ii) the visa or residence permit issued by the Requesting Member State has been obtained by using forged or falsified documents, or by making false statements; or (iii) that person fails to observe any condition attached to the visa;

(c)	the Requested State has expelled the third-country national or stateless person to his/her state of origin or to a third State.

3.   After Georgia has given a positive reply to the readmission application, it shall immediately and no later than within 3 working days, issue a travel document for expulsion purposes to the person whose readmission has been accepted. If Georgia has not, within 3 working days, issued the travel document, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the EU standard travel document for expulsion purposes.

SECTION II

READMISSION OBLIGATIONS BY THE UNION

Article 4

Readmission of own nationals

1.   A Member State shall readmit, upon application by Georgia and without further formalities other than those provided for in this Agreement, all persons who do not, or who no longer, fulfil the conditions in force for entry into, presence in, or residence on, the territory of Georgia provided that it is proved, or may be validly assumed on the basis of prima facie evidence furnished, that they are nationals of that Member State.

2.   A Member State shall also readmit:

(a)	minor unmarried children of the persons mentioned in paragraph 1, regardless of their place of birth or their nationality, unless they have an independent right of residence in Georgia; and

(b)	spouses, holding another nationality, of the persons mentioned in paragraph 1, provided they have the right to enter and stay or receive the right to enter and stay in the territory of the Requested Member State, unless they have an independent right of residence in Georgia.

3.   A Member State shall also readmit persons who have been deprived of, or who have renounced, the nationality of a Member State since entering the territory of Georgia, unless such persons have at least been promised naturalisation by Georgia.

4.   After the Requested Member State has given a positive reply to the readmission application, the competent diplomatic mission or consular office of that Member State shall, irrespective of the will of the person to be readmitted, immediately and no later than within 3 working days, issue the travel document required for the return of the person to be readmitted with a period of validity of 90 days. If the Requested Member State has not, within 3 working days, issued the travel document, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the Georgian standard travel document for expulsion purposes.

5.   If, for legal or factual reasons, the person concerned cannot be transferred within the period of validity of the travel document that was initially issued, the competent diplomatic mission or consular office of the Requested Member State shall, within 3 working days, extend the validity of the travel document or, where necessary, issue a new travel document with a period of validity of the same duration. If the Requested Member State has not within 3 working days issued the new travel document or extended its validity, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the Georgian standard travel document for expulsion purposes.

Article 5

Readmission of third-country nationals and stateless persons

1.   A Member State shall readmit, upon application by Georgia and without further formalities other than those provided for in this Agreement, all third-country nationals or stateless persons who do not, or who no longer, fulfil the conditions in force for entry into, presence in, or residence on, the territory of Georgia provided that it is proved, or may be validly assumed on the basis of prima facie evidence furnished, that such persons:

(a)	hold, at the time of submission of the readmission application, a valid visa or residence permit issued by the Requested Member State; or

(b)	illegally and directly entered the territory of Georgia after having stayed on, or transited through, the territory of the Requested Member State.

2.   The readmission obligation in paragraph 1 shall not apply if:

(a)	the third-country national or stateless person has only been in airside transit via an international airport of the Requested Member State; or

(b)

Georgia has issued to the third-country national or stateless person a visa or residence permit before or after entering its territory unless: (i) that person is in possession of a visa or residence permit, issued by the Requested Member State, which has a longer period of validity; (ii) the visa or residence permit issued by Georgia has been obtained by using forged or falsified documents, or by making false statements; or (iii) that person fails to observe any condition attached to the visa;

(c)	the Requested Member State has expelled the third-country national or stateless person to his/her state of origin or to a Third State.

3.   The readmission obligation in paragraph 1 is for the Member State that issued a visa or residence permit. If two or more Member States issued a visa or residence permit, the readmission obligation in paragraph 1 is for the Member State that issued the document with a longer period of validity or, if one or several of them have already expired, the document that is still valid. If all of the documents have already expired, the readmission obligation in paragraph 1 is for the Member State that issued the document with the most recent expiry date. If no such documents can be presented, the readmission obligation in paragraph 1 is for the Member State of last exit.

4.   After the Requested Member State has given a positive reply to the readmission application, it shall immediately and no later than within 3 working days, issue a travel document for expulsion purposes to the person whose readmission has been accepted. If the Member State has not, within 3 working days, issued the travel document, it shall be deemed to accept the use of the Georgian standard travel document for expulsion purposes.

SECTION III

READMISSION PROCEDURE

Article 6

Principles

1.   Subject to paragraph 2, any transfer of a person to be readmitted on the basis of one of the obligations contained in Articles 2 to 5 shall require the submission of a readmission application to the competent authority of the Requested State.

2.   If the person to be readmitted is in possession of a valid travel document or identity card, the transfer of such person can take place without the Requesting State having to submit a readmission application or written communication, as referred to in Article 11(1), to the competent authority of the Requested State.

3.   Without prejudice to paragraph 2, if a person has been apprehended in the border region (including airports) of the Requesting State after illegally crossing the border coming directly from the territory of the Requested State, the Requesting State may submit a readmission application within 2 days following that person’s apprehension (accelerated procedure).

Article 7

Readmission application

1.   To the extent possible, the readmission application is to contain the following information:

(a)	the particulars of the person to be readmitted (e.g. given names, surnames, date of birth, and – where possible – place of birth, and the last place of residence) and, where applicable, the particulars of minor unmarried children and/or spouses;

(b)	in case of own nationals, an indication of the means with which proof or prima facie evidence of nationality will be provided;

(c)	in case of third-country nationals and stateless persons, an indication of the means with which proof or prima facie evidence of the conditions for the readmission of third-country nationals and stateless persons and unlawful entry and residence will be provided;

(d)	a photograph of the person to be readmitted;

(e)	fingerprints.

2.   To the extent possible, the readmission application shall also contain the following information:

(a)	a statement indicating that the person to be transferred may need help or care, provided the person concerned has explicitly consented to the statement;

(b)	any other protection, security measure or information concerning the health of the person, which may be necessary in the individual transfer case.

3.   A common form to be used for readmission applications is attached as Annex 5 to this Agreement.

4.   A readmission application may be submitted by any means of communication, not excluding electronic means.

Article 8

Means of evidence regarding nationality

1.   Proof of nationality pursuant to Articles 2(1) and 4(1) can be furnished in particular through the documents listed in Annex 1 to this Agreement, including documents the validity of which has expired by up to 6 months. If such documents are presented, the Member States and Georgia shall mutually recognise the nationality without further investigation being required. Proof of nationality cannot be furnished through false documents.

2.   Prima facie evidence of nationality pursuant to Articles 2(1) and 4(1) can be furnished in particular through the documents listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement, even if their period of validity has expired. If such documents are presented, the Member States and Georgia shall deem the nationality to be established, unless they can prove otherwise. Prima facie evidence of nationality cannot be furnished through false documents.

3.   If none of the documents listed in Annex 1 or 2 can be presented, or if they are insufficient, the competent diplomatic and consular representations of the Requested State concerned shall, upon a request from the Requesting State which is included in the readmission application, make arrangements to interview the person to be readmitted without undue delay, at the latest within 4 working days from the date of receipt of the readmission application, in order to establish his or her nationality. The procedure for such interviews may be established in the implementing Protocols provided for in Article 19 of this Agreement.

Article 9

Means of evidence regarding third-country nationals and stateless persons

1.   Proof of the conditions for the readmission of third-country nationals and stateless persons laid down in Articles 3(1) and 5(1) shall be furnished in particular through the means of evidence listed in Annex 3 to this Agreement; it cannot be furnished through false documents. Any such proof shall be mutually recognised by the Member States and Georgia without any further investigation being required.

2.   Prima facie evidence of the conditions for the readmission of third-country nationals and stateless persons laid down in Articles 3(1) and 5(1) shall be furnished in particular through the means of evidence listed in Annex 4 to this Agreement; it cannot be furnished through false documents. Where such prima facie evidence is presented, the Member States and Georgia shall deem the conditions to be established, unless they can prove otherwise.

3.   The unlawfulness of entry, presence or residence shall be established by means of the travel documents of the person concerned in which the necessary visa or other residence permit for the territory of the Requesting State are missing. A statement by the Requesting State that the person concerned has been found not having the necessary travel documents, visa or residence permit shall likewise provide prima facie evidence of the unlawful entry, presence or residence.

Article 10

Time limits

1.   The application for readmission must be submitted to the competent authority of the Requested State within a maximum of 6 months after the Requesting State’s competent authority has gained knowledge that a third-country national or a stateless person does not fulfil, or no longer fulfils, the conditions in force for entry, presence or residence. Where there are legal or factual obstacles to the application being submitted on time, the time limit shall, upon request by the Requesting State, be extended but only until the obstacles have ceased to exist.

2.   A readmission application must be replied to in writing:

(a)	within 2 working days if the application has been made under the accelerated procedure (Article 6(3)); or

(b)	within 12 calendar days in all other cases.

This time limit begins to run from the date of receipt of the readmission request. If there is no reply within this time limit, the transfer shall be deemed to have been agreed to.

3.   Reasons for the refusal of a readmission request shall be given in writing.

4.   After agreement has been given or, where appropriate, after expiry of the time limits laid down in paragraph 2, the person concerned shall be transferred within 3 months. On request of the Requesting State, this time limit may be extended by the time taken to deal with legal or practical obstacles.

Article 11

Transfer modalities and modes of transportation

1.   Without prejudice to Article 6(2), before returning a person, the competent authorities of the Requesting State shall notify in writing at least 3 working days in advance the competent authorities of the Requested State regarding the transfer date, the point of entry, possible escorts and other information relevant to the transfer.

2.   Transportation may take place by air or land. Return by air shall not be restricted to the use of the national carriers of Georgia or the Member States and may take place by using scheduled or, in case of nationals of the Requested State, charter flights. In the event of escorted returns, such escorts shall not be restricted to authorised persons of the Requesting State, provided that they are persons authorised by Georgia or any Member State.

Article 12

Readmission in error

The Requesting State shall take back any person readmitted by the Requested State if it is established within a period of 6 months, and in case of third-country nationals or stateless persons 12 months, after the transfer of the person concerned, that the requirements laid down in Articles 2 to 5 of this Agreement are not met.

In such cases the procedural provisions of this Agreement shall apply mutatis mutandis and all available information relating to the actual identity and nationality of the person to be taken back shall be provided.

SECTION IV

TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Article 13

Principles

1.   The Member States and Georgia should restrict the transit of third-country nationals or stateless persons to cases where such persons cannot be returned to the State of destination directly.

2.   Georgia shall allow the transit of third-country nationals or stateless persons if a Member State so requests, and a Member State shall allow the transit of third-country nationals or stateless persons if Georgia so requests, if the onward journey in possible other States of transit and the readmission by the State of destination is assured.

3.   Transit can be refused by Georgia or a Member State:

(a)

if the third-country national or the stateless person runs the real risk of being subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or the death penalty or of persecution because of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political conviction in the State of destination or another State of transit;

(b)	if the third-country national or the stateless person shall be subject to criminal sanctions in the Requested State or in another State of transit; or

(c)	on grounds of public health, national security, public order or other national interests of the Requested State.

4.   Georgia or a Member State may revoke any authorisation issued if circumstances referred to in paragraph 3 subsequently arise or come to light which stand in the way of the transit operation, or if the onward journey in possible States of transit or the readmission by the State of destination is no longer assured. In this case, the Requesting State shall take back the third-country national or the stateless person, as necessary and without delay.

Article 14

Transit procedure

1.   An application for transit operations must be submitted to the competent authority of the Requested State in writing and is to contain the following information:

(a)	type of transit (by air or land), possible other States of transit and intended final destination;

(b)	the particulars of the person concerned (e.g. given name, surname, maiden name, other names used/by which known or aliases, date of birth, sex and – where possible – place of birth, nationality, language, type and number of travel document);

(c)	envisaged point of entry, time of transfer and possible use of escorts;

(d)	a declaration that in the view of the Requesting State the conditions pursuant to Article 13(2) are met, and that no reasons for a refusal pursuant to Article 13(3) are known of.

A common form to be used for transit applications is attached as Annex 6 to this Agreement.

2.   The Requested State shall, within 5 calendar days of receipt of the application and in writing, inform the Requesting State of the admission, confirming the point of entry and the envisaged time of admission, or inform it of the admission refusal and of the reasons for such refusal.

3.   If the transit operation takes place by air, the person to be readmitted and possible escorts shall be exempted from having to obtain an airport transit visa.

4.   The competent authorities of the Requested State shall, subject to mutual consultations, assist in the transit operations, in particular through the surveillance of the persons in question and the provision of suitable amenities for that purpose.

5.   Transit of the persons shall be carried out within 30 days of receipt of consent to the request.

SECTION V

COSTS

Article 15

Transport and transit costs

Without prejudice to the right of the competent authorities to recover the costs associated with readmission from the person to be readmitted or third parties, all transport costs incurred in connection with readmission and transit operations pursuant to this Agreement as far as the border of the State of final destination shall be borne by the Requesting State.

SECTION VI

DATA PROTECTION AND NON-AFFECTION CLAUSE

Article 16

Data Protection

The communication of personal data shall only take place if such communication is necessary for the implementation of this Agreement by the competent authorities of Georgia or a Member State as the case may be. The processing and treatment of personal data in a particular case shall be subject to the domestic laws of Georgia and, where the controller is a competent authority of a Member State, to the provisions of Directive 95/46/EC and of the national legislation of that Member State adopted pursuant to that Directive. Additionally the following principles shall apply:

(a)	personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully;

(b)	personal data must be collected for the specified, explicit and legitimate purpose of implementing this Agreement and not further processed by the communicating authority nor by the receiving authority in a way incompatible with that purpose;

(c)

personal data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose for which they are collected and/or further processed; in particular, personal data communicated may concern only the following: (i) the particulars of the person to be transferred (e.g. given names, surnames, any previous names, other names used/by which known or aliases, sex, civil status, date and place of birth, current and any previous nationality); (ii) passport, identity card or driving licence (number, period of validity, date of issue, issuing authority and place of issue); (iii) stop-overs and itineraries; (iv) other information needed to identify the person to be transferred or to examine the readmission requirements pursuant to this Agreement;

(d)	personal data must be accurate and, where necessary, kept up-to-date;

(e)	personal data must be kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purpose for which the data were collected or for which they are further processed;

(f)

both the communicating authority and the receiving authority shall take every reasonable step to ensure as appropriate the rectification, erasure or blocking of personal data where the processing does not comply with the provisions of this Article, in particular because those data are not adequate, relevant, accurate, or they are excessive in relation to the purpose of processing. This includes the notification of any rectification, erasure or blocking to the other Party;

(g)	upon request, the receiving authority shall inform the communicating authority of the use of the communicated data and of the results obtained therefrom;

(h)	personal data may only be communicated to the competent authorities. Further communication to other bodies requires the prior consent of the communicating authority;

(i)	the communicating and the receiving authorities are under an obligation to make a written record of the communication and receipt of personal data.

Article 17

Non-affection clause

1.   This Agreement shall be without prejudice to the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the Union, the Member States and Georgia arising from international law and, in particular, from:

(a)	the Convention of 28 July 1951 on the Status of Refugees as amended by the Protocol of 31 January 1967 on the Status of Refugees;

(b)	the international conventions determining the State responsible for examining applications for asylum lodged;

(c)	the European Convention of 4 November 1950 for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols;

(d)	the UN Convention of 10 December 1984 against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;

(e)	international conventions on extradition and transit;

(f)	multilateral international conventions and agreements on the readmission of foreign nationals, such as the Convention on International Civil Aviation of 7 December 1944.

2.   Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the return of a person under other formal or informal arrangements.

SECTION VII

IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION

Article 18

Joint readmission committee

1.   The Contracting Parties shall provide each other with mutual assistance in the application and interpretation of this Agreement. To this end, they shall set up a joint readmission committee (hereinafter referred to as ‘the committee’) which will, in particular, have the following tasks:

(a)	to monitor the application of this Agreement;

(b)	to decide on implementing arrangements necessary for the uniform application of this Agreement;

(c)	to have regular exchanges of information on the implementing Protocols drawn up by individual Member States and Georgia pursuant to Article 19 of this Agreement;

(d)	to recommend amendments to this Agreement and its Annexes.

2.   The decisions of the committee shall be binding on the Contracting Parties.

3.   The committee shall be composed of representatives of the Union and Georgia.

4.   The committee shall meet where necessary at the request of one of the Contracting Parties.

5.   The committee shall establish its rules of procedures.

Article 19

Implementing Protocols

1.   On request of a Member State or Georgia, Georgia and a Member State shall draw up an implementing Protocol which shall, inter alia, cover rules on:

(a)	designation of the competent authorities, border crossing points and exchange of contact points;

(b)	conditions for escorted returns, including the transit of third-country nationals and stateless persons under escort;

(c)	means and documents additional to those listed in the Annexes 1 to 4 to this Agreement;

(d)	the modalities for readmission under the accelerated procedure; and

(e)	the procedure for interviews.

2.   The implementing Protocols referred to in paragraph 1 shall enter into force only after the committee has been notified.

3.   Georgia agrees to apply any provision of an implementing Protocol drawn up with one Member State also in its relations with any other Member State upon request of the latter.

Article 20

Relation to bilateral readmission agreements or arrangements of Member States

The provisions of this Agreement shall take precedence over the provisions of any bilateral agreement or arrangement on the readmission of persons residing without authorisation which have been, or may – pursuant to Article 19 – be, concluded between individual Member States and Georgia, in so far as the provisions of the latter are incompatible with those of this Agreement.

SECTION VIII

FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 21

Territorial application

1.   Subject to paragraph 2, this Agreement shall apply to the territory in which the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union are applicable and to the territory of Georgia.

2.   This Agreement shall apply to the territory of Ireland only pursuant to a notification by the European Union to Georgia to that effect. This Agreement shall not apply to the territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.

Article 22

Amendments to the Agreement

This Agreement may be amended and supplemented by mutual consent of the Contracting Parties. Amendments and supplements shall be drawn up in the form of separate protocols, which shall form an integral part of this Agreement, and enter into force in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 23 of this Agreement.

Article 23

Entry into force, duration and termination

1.   This Agreement shall be ratified or approved by the Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective procedures.

2.   This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the second month following the date on which the last Contracting Party has notified the other that the procedures referred to in the first paragraph have been completed.

3.   This Agreement shall apply to Ireland on the first day of the second month following the date of the notification referred to in Article 21(2).

4.   This Agreement is concluded for an unlimited period.

5.   Each Contracting Party may denounce this Agreement by officially notifying the other Contracting Party. This Agreement shall cease to apply 6 months after the date of such notification.

Article 24

Annexes

Annexes 1 to 6 shall form an integral part of this Agreement.

---

(1)  In line with the form set out in EU Council recommendation of 30 November 1994.

(2)  Ibid.