1.

On 15 September 2021, the President of the European Commission announced in the State of the European Union (1) address that the European Commission would propose to make 2022 the European Year of Youth, ‘empowering those who have dedicated so much to others’. The European Year of Youth aims, among other things, at ‘support[ing] young people to acquire a better understanding of, and actively promot[ing] the various opportunities available to them from, public policies at Union, national, regional and local level in order to support their personal, social, economic and professional development in a green, digital and inclusive world, while aiming to remove the remaining barriers thereto’ (2).

2.

As highlighted in the European Parliament Resolution on the impact of COVID-19 on youth and on sport (2020/2864(RSP)) (3) young people have been at the heart of solidarity-motivated activities to respond to the needs of their communities in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, from leading awareness campaigns to working on the front line as part of the European Solidarity Corps, to other volunteering initiatives.

3.

Through their volunteering actions in the European Solidarity Corps and other schemes, young people are giving concrete effect to the Preamble of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), which highlights signatories’desire to deepen solidarity between the peoples of Europe, to Article 2 TEU, which mentions solidarity as one of the values common to the Member States, and to Article 3 TEU, which mentions that the Union’s aim is to promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples. Their humanitarian aid volunteering actions contribute to promoting peace in Europe and in the world and respect for human dignity and human rights.

4.

The experiences with the European Voluntary Service (1996-2018) and the European Solidarity Corps, while successful, have shown the need to further facilitate transnational volunteering, in particular for young people with fewer opportunities. In this context, the Council has called for a review of the Council Recommendation of 20 November 2008 on the mobility of young volunteers across the European Union (‘the 2008 Council Recommendation’) in order to strengthen the potential of the European Youth Programmes in reaching out to young people and helping to build a community (4). This is expressed in particular in Annex 4 on the Work Plan for the EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027. Furthermore, the Commission’s Report on the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy of 14 October 2021 (5) referred to the review of the 2008 Council Recommendation.

5.

Most of the issues raised in the 2008 Council Recommendation are still crucial and have been retained in this proposal. The update of the 2008 Council Recommendation has become necessary because of several developments since 2008. An important one is the launch of the European Solidarity Corps in 2016 and the creation of new national volunteering schemes and activities, also with transnational elements (6) that sometimes offer very similar opportunities for young people. The European Union Youth Strategy 2019-2027 (7) invited Member States and the Commission, within their respective fields of competence, to ’seek complementarity and synergies between EU funding instruments and national, regional and local schemes’.

6.

An evaluation of the EU Youth Strategy and the 2008 Council Recommendation (8) identified the need for inclusion of people from disadvantaged backgrounds as a more pressing issue in 2015 than it had been in 2008. Other needs identified but not addressed by the 2008 Recommendation included quality assurance for volunteering projects, capacity-building opportunities for organisations and better monitoring of the implementation of the Recommendation. An expert group made further policy recommendations (9), covering also knowledge-sharing and networking, access to volunteering, administrative obstacles, awareness, recognition, digital volunteering and the environmental context, which have informed the proposed Recommendation.

7.

Since 2008, the impact of crises, for instance those that disrupt the transnational physical mobility of volunteers, has been severe. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of ensuring the security, safety and physical and mental health of all participants at all times, including making provisions for managing the potential impact of unforeseen circumstances. Moreover, for a long time, the concept of ‘transnational volunteering’ referred in practice exclusively to activities involving the physical mobility of volunteers. However, with technological progress and under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, new volunteering trends have emerged. Digital volunteering has revealed its potential to complement physical mobility or be an optional form of volunteering for young people who are not in a position to travel physically. The inter-generational dimension of volunteering has also clearly shown its importance in tackling the demographic challenges of our society. Concerns for the environment and climate change are at the top of the EU political agenda and need to be reflected in activities that involve transnational mobility.

8.

The European Commission Communication on establishing the European Education Area by 2025 (10) emphasised the importance of inclusiveness, quality and recognition of cross-border experiences under the European Solidarity Corps. Guarantees of the quality of the available opportunities and provisions for appropriate support for participants at every stage of their volunteering experience constitute a prerequisite for the volunteering activities to benefit communities as well as young volunteers.

9.

In the Council Resolution on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training towards the European Education Area and beyond (2021-2030), the Council confirmed in priority area 1 of the strategic framework that ‘Fostering, valuing and recognising non-formal learning including volunteering, and enhancing the inclusiveness, quality and recognition of cross-border solidarity activities’ is a concrete issue for action.

10.

One of the first difficulties that young people interested in transnational volunteering experience encounter is access to user-friendly information about their status and rights as volunteers, on a dedicated national website, so that they can start their transnational volunteering activity fully aware of what impact it will have on their social security rights and entitlements in the host Member State as well as in the Member State of their usual residence (11). Pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 October 2018 establishing a single digital gateway to provide access to information, to procedures and to assistance and problem-solving services, the Commission and Member States are already obliged to provide user-friendly online information to EU citizens on rights, obligations and rules laid down in Union and national law in the field of volunteering in another Member State (12).

11.

Many issues related to transnational mobility cannot be tackled at national level alone, as the activities involve both sending and hosting Member States. Administrative and legal frameworks on volunteering can vary between Member States. Youth-friendly and comprehensive information relating to the national legal and administrative rules governing volunteering, in particular information on social security coverage in both sending and hosting Member States, is very important for young people wishing to engage in a transnational volunteering activity.

12.

The Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Action Plan on integration and inclusion 2021-2027 (13) recognises the role of volunteering in integration and inclusion of those with fewer opportunities. For many of them, volunteering activities may represent the most accessible option for engaging in cross-border mobility, especially in formats of short-term volunteering or volunteering in groups or teams.

13.

Third-country nationals may face administrative and practical obstacles to cross-border volunteering if they need to apply for a short or long-term visa or residence permit for the purpose of volunteering service in another Member State. Directive (EU) 2016/801 regulates the conditions for obtaining a long-term visa or a residence permit in order to be admitted to an EU Member State for the purposes of voluntary service. However, it does not contain provisions on intra-EU mobility of third-country volunteers.

14.

A volunteering experience provides volunteers with learning outcomes that increase their employability. National or EU frameworks (that is to say, Youthpass (14) and Europass (15)) supporting the identification, documentation and validation of learning outcomes of volunteering activities exist. The Council Recommendation of 20 December 2012 on the validation of non-formal and informal learning (16) invited employers, youth and civil society organisations to promote and facilitate the identification and documentation of learning outcomes acquired at work or in voluntary activities. The evaluation (17) of the 2012 Council Recommendation identified areas where further action is needed to achieve the goals of the 2012 Council Recommendation, to provide people with access to more and better validation opportunities, enabling them to access further learning and to put their skills to good use in European society and the labour market. The Europass Decision of 18 April 2018 defines volunteers among its target groups.

15.

New developments since 2008, evidence about barriers to transnational volunteering and the policy recommendations of an expert group regarding the promotion of the mobility of young volunteers call for a new Council Recommendation on volunteering, with a view to facilitating and improving the quality of transnational youth volunteering and encouraging mutual learning, networking and synergies between volunteering schemes and activities in Member States and the European Solidarity Corps.

16.

This Recommendation fully respects the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality.

17.

For the purposes of this Recommendation, the same definition of ‘volunteering’ is used as in Regulation (EU) 2021/888 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 establishing the European Solidarity Corps Programme, namely a solidarity activity that takes place, for a period of up to 12 months, as a voluntary unpaid (18) activity that contributes to the achievements of the common good. Where transnational schemes existing in the Member States envisage solidarity activities of a duration exceeding 12 months that otherwise correspond to the definition of volunteering, these are to be considered as volunteering for the purposes of this Recommendation and thus included in its scope.

18.

Youth volunteering under this Recommendation comprises volunteering across the EU by EU nationals or third-country nationals who are residing in one Member State and moving to a second Member State for the purpose of voluntary service, under the European Solidarity Corps or any national cross-border volunteering scheme or activity in Member States. To the extent possible, the actions undertaken by Member States and the Commission in response to this Recommendation should also take account of volunteering activities between Member States and third countries. Voluntary activities should not have an adverse effect on potential or existing paid employment, nor should they be seen as a substitute for it. The terms ‘youth’ and ‘young’ cover the age bracket of 18 to 30 years.

19.

Young people with fewer opportunities means young people who, for economic, social, cultural, geographical or health reasons, due to their migrant background, or for reasons such as disability and educational difficulties or for any other reason, including a reason that could give rise to discrimination under Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, face obstacles that prevent them from having effective access to opportunities (19).

20.

Consider measures contributing to or maintaining an adequate and clear legislative and implementation framework for the health, safety and security of participants in transnational volunteering activities by:

21.

Provide accessible information and raise awareness about volunteers’ rights as stipulated in the dedicated framework set out above, in particular:

22.

Enhance the quality of volunteering opportunities by supporting organisers of volunteering activities in their capacity-building endeavours. In particular, this can be achieved by:

23.

Ensure that access to transnational volunteering activities is a realistic opportunity for all young people, including those with fewer opportunities, including by:

24.

Increase awareness of the benefits of volunteering activities, through information, guidance and outreach activities, including by involving national stakeholders in the education, training, employment, social services and youth sectors. Pay particular attention to equitably reaching out to young people with fewer opportunities. That includes promoting that:

25.

Support and promote community-building activities related to volunteering. That includes:

26.

Explore new trends and alternative dimensions and formats of volunteering, including through:

27.

Create synergies, complementarities and continuities between volunteering schemes and activities existing at European level and at various levels in Member States. That includes, for example:

28.

Support volunteering activities that make a meaningful contribution to tackling climate and environment-related challenges, by:

29.

Include information about progress in following this Recommendation in regular updates made under the EU Youth Strategy, in particular as part of the Youth Wiki.

30.

Facilitate exchange of practices between Member States on how to address obstacles that may prevent young people from participating in volunteering, for example through peer learning activities, Commission expert groups or the EU Youth Strategy Platform.

31.

Support the Member States in following this Recommendation through the cooperation mechanisms and tools of the EU Youth Strategy, the European Youth Work Agenda and the EU youth programmes, in particular the European Solidarity Corps.

32.

Facilitate mutual learning and exchanges among Member States and all relevant stakeholders at various levels through activities such as peer learning, peer counselling, expert groups, networking and other cooperation structures, including with a focus on synergies and complementarities between EU and national level schemes or activities, including national civil service schemes where they exist. For this purpose, make use of existing spaces such as the Youth Wiki and the European Youth Portal where resources and knowledge can be shared amongst Member States and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) at different levels.

33.

Explore new trends and formats of volunteering which respect the basic principles for equal opportunities and non-discrimination, accessibility, inclusiveness and high quality of activities, through the gathering of evidence, development of best practices and preparation of guidance and handbooks, in particular regarding digital or blended volunteering and inter-generational volunteering.

34.

Promote and disseminate information about European opportunities for youth volunteering, in particular for people with fewer opportunities, through the European Youth Portal, which contains the registration tool for solidarity activities under the European Solidarity Corps. In cooperation with Member States, include on the European Youth portal links to relevant national websites (28).

35.

Further develop, promote and provide support for the use of existing EU tools that support the validation of outcomes of non-formal and informal learning, in particular Youthpass and the Europass platform, including through European digital credentials for learning.

36.

Support research and data collection on the long-term impact of volunteering and solidarity activities for individuals and organisations, as well as on society, including lessons learnt and insights from the COVID-19 pandemic on the volunteering sector and its preparedness for similar crises, through studies, surveys, statistics, research and data analysis.

37.

Use the online platform Youth Wiki to gather information on Member States’ progress in following this Recommendation.

38.

Report on the use of this Council Recommendation in the context of the work on the implementation of the EU Youth Strategy and of the strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training towards the European Education Area and beyond.