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Naslov in reference	Title and reference
SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ „Strategija za drone 2.0 za pametni in trajnostni ekosistem brezpilotnih zrakoplovov v Evropi“ SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ „Strategija za drone 2.0 za pametni in trajnostni ekosistem brezpilotnih zrakoplovov v Evropi“ COM/2022/652 final	COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS ‘A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe’ COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS ‘A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe’ COM/2022/652 final

Datumi	Dates
Datum dokumenta: 29/11/2022 Datum odpošiljanja: 29/11/2022; Posredovano Svetu Datum odpošiljanja: 29/11/2022; Posredovano Parlamentu	Date of document: 29/11/2022 Date of dispatch: 29/11/2022; Forwarded to the Council Date of dispatch: 29/11/2022; Forwarded to the Parliament

Drugi podatki	Miscellaneous information
Avtor: Evropska komisija, Generalni direktorat za mobilnost in promet Pristojna služba: MOVE Pravna oblika: Sporočilo	Author: European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport Responsible body: MOVE Form: Communication

Klasifikacije	Classifications
EUROVOC deskriptor: inovacija raven hrupa obremenitev s hrupom vpliv na okolje javno zdravje varnost v zračnem prometu zmanjšanje emisij plinov trajnostna mobilnost pametna tehnologija brezpilotni zrakoplov Vsebina: Onesnaževanje Doprava Javno zdravje Imeniška koda: 07.40.00.00 Prometna politika / Letalski prevoz 15.10.20.00 Okolje, varstvo potrošnikov in zdravja / Okolje / Onesnaževanje in škodljivi vplivi na okolje	EUROVOC descriptor: innovation noise level noise pollution environmental impact public health air safety reduction of gas emissions sustainable mobility smart technology drone Subject matter: Pollution Transport Public health Directory code: 07.40.00.00 Transport policy / Air transport 15.10.20.00 Environment, consumers and health protection / Environment / Pollution and nuisances

Besedilo	Text


EVROPSKA KOMISIJA	EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Bruselj, 29.11.2022	Brussels, 29.11.2022
COM(2022) 652 final	COM(2022) 652 final
SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ	COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
„Strategija za drone 2.0 za pametni in trajnostni ekosistem brezpilotnih zrakoplovov v Evropi“	‘A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe’
{SWD(2022) 366 final}	{SWD(2022) 366 final}
SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ	COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
„Strategija za drone 2.0 za pametni in trajnostni ekosistem brezpilotnih zrakoplovov v Evropi“	‘A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe’
Ozadje	Context
1.Evropska unija si prizadeva biti na čelu prehoda k zdravemu planetu in v nov digitalni svet. Cilj evropskega zelenega dogovora 1 je namreč doseči podnebno nevtralnost do leta 2050 2 . Digitalizacija gospodarstva bi morala okrepiti konkurenčnost Unije in z novo generacijo tehnologij opolnomočiti ljudi, pri čemer ne bo nihče zapostavljen, v skladu z evropskim stebrom socialnih pravic. Komisija je na podlagi dveh strateških sporočil, in sicer o oblikovanju digitalne prihodnosti Evrope 3 in evropskem digitalnem desetletju 4 , opredelila posebne ukrepe, ki jih bo sprejela za pomoč pri oblikovanju varnih in zanesljivih digitalnih storitev in trgov.	1.The European Union has the ambition to lead the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world. Indeed, the objective of the European Green Deal 1 is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 2 . The digitalisation of the economy should strengthen the Union's competitiveness and empower people with a new generation of technologies, leaving no one behind, in line with the European Pillar of Social Rights. Based on two strategic communications, namely, shaping Europe’s digital future 3 and Europe’s digital decade 4 , the Commission set out the specific actions it will undertake to aid the creation of safe and secure digital services and markets.
2.Prometni sektor, vključno z nastajajočim sektorjem dronov 5 ter električnih zrakoplovov s sposobnostjo navpičnega vzletanja in pristajanja (eVTOL) 6 s posadko, bi moral prispevati k doseganju tega dvojnega zelenega in digitalnega prehoda. Strategija Komisije za trajnostno in pametno mobilnost 7 , ki je bila sprejeta decembra 2020, zagotavlja ambiciozen načrt, katerega cilj je evropski promet zanesljivo usmeriti na pot k trajnostni, pametni in odporni prihodnosti. Akcijski načrt za ničelno onesnaževanje 8 je v okviru strategije za trajnostno in pametno mobilnost povezan s cilji in ukrepi v zvezi s tem, kako čiste bi morale biti nove prometne politike EU, na primer glede hrupa in onesnaževal zraka.	2.The transport sector, including the emerging drone 5 sector and manned eVTOLs 6 , should help in achieving this twin green and digital transition. The Commission’s Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy 7 (SSMS) adopted in December 2020 provides an ambitious roadmap aimed at putting the European transport firmly on track for a sustainable, smart and resilient future. The Zero Pollution Action Plan 8 is linked within the SSMS with targets and actions on how clean the new EU transport policies should be, for instance on noise and air pollutants.
3.Komisija je med ukrepi, določenimi v strategiji za trajnostno in pametno mobilnost, napovedala pripravo strategije za drone 2.0 za pametni in trajnostni ekosistem brezpilotnih zrakoplovov v Evropi, ki naj bi bila sprejeta do konca leta 2022 in v kateri bodo določeni možni načini za usmerjanje nadaljnjega razvoja te tehnologije ter njenega regulativnega in komercialnega okolja. To sporočilo je odraz navedene napovedi.	3.Among the actions set out in the SSMS, the Commission announced the preparation of ‘A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a smart and sustainable unmanned aircraft eco-system in Europe’ to be adopted by the end of 2022, setting out possible ways to guide the further development of this technology and its regulatory and commercial environment. This Communication is a reflection of that announcement.
4.Komisija si od leta 2014 intenzivno prizadeva za vzpostavitev temeljev celovite politike EU na področju dronov. Prvo sporočilo, v katerem so bili določeni temelji te politike, je bilo sprejeto leta 2014 9 , sledilo pa mu je več pomembnih korakov, kot so „Letalska strategija za Evropo“ 10 iz leta 2015 in več prelomnih izjav, potrjenih na konferencah na visoki ravni o dronih v Rigi, Varšavi, Helsinkih in Amsterdamu 11 .	4.The Commission has worked intensively since 2014 on building the foundations of a comprehensive EU policy in the field of drones. A first Communication setting out the foundations of this policy was adopted in 2014 9 , followed by several major steps, such as the ‘Aviation strategy for Europe’ of 2015 10 and several landmark Declarations endorsed at High Level drone conferences held in Riga, Warsaw, Helsinki, and Amsterdam 11 .
5.Unija je imela ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju celovitega regulativnega okvira za drone za svojih 27 držav članic, ki uspešno prispeva k razvoju tega obetavnega sektorja. V skladu z novo osnovno uredbo 12 , sprejeto leta 2018, za vse drone ne glede na njihovo maso veljajo harmonizirani varnostni predpisi Unije. Komisija je na podlagi teh bistvenih varnostnih zahtev in v skladu s pristopom, ki je osredotočen na operacije in temelji na tveganju ter je vključen v osnovno uredbo, v letu 2019 sprejela vrsto pravil, ki urejajo operacije z droni (tj. Izvedbeno uredbo Komisije (EU) 2019/947 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov 13 in Delegirano uredbo Komisije (EU) 2019/945 o operatorjih sistemov brezpilotnega zrakoplova 14 ). Poleg tega je Komisija za zagotovitev varnosti operacij z droni v zračnem prostoru leta 2020 sprejela tri izvedbene uredbe o sistemu U-space 15 , ki zagotavljajo sistem upravljanja zračnega prometa za drone. Navedena pravila so temelj novega regulativnega okvira Unije za drone, ki omogoča razvoj industrije dronov in trga storitev dronov.	5.The Union has played a key role in developing a comprehensive drone regulatory framework for its 27 Member States, which is successfully contributing to the development of this promising sector. Under the new Basic Regulation 12 adopted in 2018, all drones, irrespective of their weight are subject to the Union harmonised safety rules. Based on those safety essential requirements and following the risk-based operation-centric approach embedded in the Basic Regulation, the Commission adopted in 2019 a series of rules regulating operations with drones (i.e. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft 13 and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 on operators of unmanned aircraft systems 14 ). In addition, to ensure the safety of drone operations in airspace, the Commission adopted in 2020 three Implementing Regulations on U-space 15 , which provide the air traffic management system for drones. Those rules are the corner stone of the new Union drone regulatory framework, facilitating the development of the drone industry and the drone services market.
6.Razvoj pravil Unije za drone je še toliko pomembnejši, saj je v državah članicah EU ali na svetovni ravni vzpostavljenih zelo malo nacionalnih regulativnih okvirov. V nasprotju z drugimi sektorji, v katerih se je postopek harmonizacije predpisov EU začel po sprejetju včasih različnih predpisov na nacionalni ravni, je bilo v tem primeru mogoče že na začetku začeti z resnično skupnim sklopom predpisov. To je še vedno edinstvena priložnost, ki je ne smemo zamuditi.	6.Developing Union rules for drones has been all the more important as there were very few regulatory national frameworks in place in the EU Member States, or at the global level. Unlike in other sectors, where the EU regulatory harmonisation process started after the adoption at national level of sometimes diverging regulation, here, it has been possible to start from the outset with a truly common set of rules. This continues to present a unique opportunity not to be missed.
7.Danes so ukrepi, napovedani v letalski strategiji iz leta 2015, večinoma dokončani, zato je zdaj čas za posodobljeno politiko Unije o dronih, ki bo temeljila na dosedanjih dosežkih ter v kateri bodo upoštevani nove prednostne naloge politike in novi izzivi, pa tudi nedavni tehnološki, regulativni in komercialni razvoj.	7.Today, the actions announced in the 2015 Aviation Strategy have been largely completed and it is now time for an updated Union policy on drones, building on the achievements to date and taking into consideration the new policy priorities and new challenges, as well as recent technological, regulatory and commercial developments.
8.Na vojaškem področju se droni v obrambnem sektorju uporabljajo že zadnjih 30 let, vendar so evropske zmogljivosti vojaških dronov, čeprav je potencialni prispevek vojaških dronov k prihodnji evropski strateški avtonomiji splošno priznan, manj razvite kot v drugih regijah sveta. Evropska komisija 16 je skupaj z visokim predstavnikom 17 pokazala pripravljenost, da okrepi vlogo EU kot geopolitičnega akterja, kar je Evropski svet 18 priznal s potrditvijo strateškega kompasa 19 , ki ga je Svet odobril 21. marca 2022, z jasnim ciljem vzpostaviti močnejšo in sposobnejšo EU na področju varnosti in obrambe.	8.On the military side, drones have been used in the defence sector for the last 30 years, but the European military drone capabilities remain less mature than in other regions of the world, whilst the potential contribution of military drones to future European Strategic autonomy is widely recognised. The European Commission 16 has shown its willingness together with the High Representative 17 to reinforce the EU’s role as a geopolitical actor, a position recognised by the European Council 18 in its endorsement of the Strategic Compass 19 approved by the Council on 21 March 2022, with a clear objective to build a stronger and more capable EU in security and defence.
9.Ta strategija za drone 20 bi zato morala prispevati ne le k ciljem, določenim v strategiji za trajnostno in pametno mobilnost, temveč tudi k ciljem akcijskega načrta za sinergije med civilno, obrambno in vesoljsko industrijo 21 , ki je bil sprejet februarja 2020 in vključuje vodilni projekt za tehnologije EU v zvezi z droni. V navedenem akcijskem načrtu je bilo opredeljenih več področij možnega medsebojnega bogatenja, pri čemer bodo lahko imeli obrambni projekti koristi od inovativnega razvoja v MSP, dejavnih na področju civilnih dronov, razvoj na področju obrambe pa bo koristil civilnemu letalstvu.	9.This Drone Strategy 20 should therefore contribute not only to the objectives set out in the SSMS, but also to the objectives of the ‘Action plan on synergies between civil, defence and space industries’ 21 adopted in February 2020, and which includes an EU Drone Technologies flagship project. That Action plan identified several areas of possible cross-fertilisation whereby defence projects may benefit from innovative developments of SMEs for civilian drones and civil aeronautics may benefit from developments in the field of defence.
10.Komisija je leta 2020 sprejela dve sporočili, s katerima je uvedla nove ukrepe politike za preprečevanje morebitnih groženj, ki bi jih lahko predstavljali droni. V strategiji EU za varnostno unijo 22 in agendi za boj proti terorizmu 23 je navedeno, da je grožnja, ki jo pomenijo nekooperativni droni, v Evropi resna težava, ki jo je treba obravnavati. Poleg tega bodo s predlagano direktivo o odpornosti kritičnih subjektov 24 uvedene obveznosti za države članice in kritične subjekte, da izvajajo ocene tveganja, ter za kritične subjekte, da sprejmejo tehnične, varnostne in organizacijske ukrepe za zagotavljanje svoje odpornosti proti ugotovljenim tveganjem. Zato je treba v tej strategiji za drone obravnavati tudi to varnostno razsežnost.	10.In 2020, the Commission adopted two Communications, which both introduced new policy actions to counter possible threats that drones could pose. The EU Security Union Strategy 22 and the Counter-Terrorism Agenda 23 stated that the threat of non-cooperative drones is a serious concern in Europe that needs to be addressed. Moreover, the proposed Directive on the resilience of critical entities (CER Directive) 24 will introduce obligations on Member States and critical entities to conduct risk assessments, and on critical entities to take technical, security and organisational measures to ensure their resilience against identified risks. This security dimension therefore also needs to be addressed in this Drone Strategy.
11.Temu sporočilu je priložen delovni dokument služb Komisije, v katerem sta predstavljeni ocena izzivov, s katerimi se srečuje sektor dronov, in analiza s podatki, na katerih temelji nova strategija za drone 2.0, ki jo je Komisija izvedla s pomočjo zunanjega svetovalca 25 .	11.A Staff Working Document setting out the assessment of the challenges that the drone sector faces, as well as the analysis and data underpinning the new Drone Strategy 2.0., which has been conducted by the Commission with the support of an external consultant, accompanies this Communication 25 .
Izkoriščanje potenciala rasti dronov	Unleashing the growth potential of drones
12.Droni se že uporabljajo kot vsakodnevno orodje v vse širšem naboru podatkovno intenzivnih in zahtevnih gospodarskih sektorjev, kot so kmetijstvo, gradbeništvo, nadzor, filmska produkcija, zdravstvo, nujna medicinska pomoč, energetika, okolje, javna varnost in zaščita. V prihodnosti bi se lahko droni uporabljali tudi na primer kot platforme za komunikacijska vozlišča ali spremljanje vremena in onesnaženosti ter za vzdrževanje naprav za proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov, zlasti za vetrne elektrarne na morju.	12.Drones are already used as daily tools in ever broadening array of data intensive-demanding economic sectors, such as agriculture, construction, surveillance, film-making, healthcare, medical emergency, energy, environment, public safety and security. Drones could be used in the future also, for example, as platforms for communication hubs or for weather and pollution monitoring, and for maintenance of renewable energy installations, especially for offshore wind.
13.V prometnem sektorju se v številnih državah že testira uporaba dronov za dostavo. V prihodnjih letih naj bi v Evropski uniji potekala prva pilotna preskušanja v potniškem prometu. Pomembno je, da Unija na tem področju zaščiti svojo odprto strateško avtonomijo.	13.In the transport sector, the use of drones for deliveries is already being tested in many countries. First pilot trials in passenger transport are expected to take place in the European Union within the coming years. It is important that the Union safeguards its open strategic autonomy in this area.
14.Ekosistem dronov vključuje tudi obrambno/vojaško razsežnost, da bi dosegli tehnološke sinergije med civilnim, varnostnim in obrambnim sektorjem. Izkoriščanje sinergij med civilno in vojaško uporabo dronov, vključno s tehnologijami za boj proti dronom, je pomemben dejavnik uspeha za konkurenčnost evropskega ekosistema dronov in obrambne zmogljivosti Unije.	14.The drone eco-system also includes the defence/military dimension for the purpose of achieving technological synergies between civil, security and defence sectors. Reaping synergies between the civil and the military use of drones, including counter-drone technologies, is an important success factor for the competitiveness of the European drone eco-system as well as the Union’s defence capabilities.
15.Kar zadeva civilno področje, trg storitev z droni vključuje tri povezane segmente: nove inovativne zračne storitve 26 , ki vključujejo dva segmenta, in sicer „zračne operacije“ (nadzor, inšpekcijski pregled, kartiranje, slikanje itd.) in „inovativno zračno mobilnost“ 27 , ki zajema mednarodno in regionalno zračno mobilnost ter zračno mobilnost v mestih, tretji segment pa je sistem U-space. Čeprav naj bi se prve operacije v okviru inovativne zračne mobilnosti izvajale z zrakoplovi eVTOL s posadko, se bodo takšne operacije v prihodnosti verjetno izvajale na podobnih platformah, vendar bodo daljinsko vodene, nato pa popolnoma avtonomne.	15.On the civil side, the drone services market includes three segments which are interlinked: the new Innovative Aerial Services (IAS) 26 , including two segments: ”Aerial Operations“ (surveillance, inspection, mapping, imaging, …), and “Innovative Air Mobility“ (IAM) 27 , covering international, regional and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and thirdly, ”U-space“. Although first IAM operations are expected to be conducted with manned eVTOL aircraft, such operations will likely be in the future performed on similar platforms but remotely piloted and then fully autonomous.
16.Z ustreznim okvirom bi lahko trg storitev z droni v Evropi do leta 2030 dosegel vrednost 14,5 milijarde EUR z 12,3-odstotno skupno letno stopnjo rasti in ustvaril 145 000 delovnih mest v EU 28 . Različni segmenti tega trga nenehno rastejo v smislu števila podjetij in obsega dejavnosti.	16.With the right framework in place, the drone services market in Europe could by 2030 reach a value of €14.5 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of 12.3%, and create 145,000 jobs in the EU 28 . The different segments of this market are constantly growing in terms of companies and volume of operations.
17.Glede na navedeno je ta novi razvoj dogodkov prehitel obstoječo strategijo iz leta 2015, zato je potrebna nova strategija na ravni EU, ki bo zagotovila v prihodnost usmerjeno vizijo za prihodnji celostni razvoj sektorja.	17.Against this background, the existing strategy from 2015 has been overtaken by these new developments and a new strategy is needed at EU level to provide a forward-looking vision for the future holistic development of the sector.
Vizija Komisije	The Commission’s vision
18.Z opredelitvijo jasne vizije za razvoj sektorja dronov bo zagotovljena podlaga za naslednje korake na ravni EU za razvoj uspešno delujočega ekosistema dronov v Uniji. To vizijo za leto 2030, ki je bila razvita s podporo skupine voditeljev za drone 29 , je mogoče oblikovati na naslednji način:	18.Setting out a clear vision for the development of the drone sector will provide the foundation for the next steps at EU level to develop a thriving viable drone eco-system in the Union. This vision for 2030, which has been developed with the support of the Drone Leaders’ Group 29 , can be formulated as follows:
-Do leta 2030 bodo droni in ekosistem, ki je zanje potreben, postali običajen del življenja državljanov EU.	-By 2030 drones and their required eco-system will have become an accepted part of the life of EU citizens.
-Droni se bodo uporabljali za zagotavljanje številnih storitev v korist različnih civilnih končnih uporabnikov in končnih uporabnikov s področja obrambe, vključno z državljani, organizacijami, državami članicami in industrijo EU. Zračne operacije z droni bodo vključevale storitve nujne pomoči, inšpekcijske preglede in nadzor z droni za zbiranje podatkov ter za dostavo blaga.	-Drones will be used to provide numerous services to the benefit of diversified civilian and defence end-users, including EU citizens, organisations, Member States and industry. Drones’ aerial operations will include emergency services, inspections and surveillance using drones to gather data, as well as for the delivery of goods.
-S storitvami v okviru inovativne zračne mobilnosti se bodo začeli zagotavljati redni prevozi potnikov, sprva z zrakoplovi s pilotom na krovu, pri čemer pa je končni cilj popolna avtomatizacija njihovih operacij. Storitve z droni bodo učinkovito povezovale obstoječe sisteme prevoza ali jih dopolnjevale in prispevale k razogljičenju prometnega sistema, saj bodo zagotavljale alternativo ogljično intenzivnim načinom prevoza, hkrati pa bodo v svojem življenjskem krogu čim bolj zmanjšale svoj vpliv na okolje. Zračna mobilnost v mestih bo postala del prihodnjega mestnega multimodalnega ekosistema pametne mobilnosti, zemeljska in zračna infrastruktura, ki bosta omogočali te prometne storitve, pa se bosta obširno uporabljali in bosta povezani.	-IAM services will start providing regular transport services of passengers, initially using aircraft with a pilot on board but with the ultimate aim to fully automate their operations. Drone services will effectively integrate or complement existing transportation systems and contribute to the decarbonisation of the transport system by providing an alternative to carbon intensive modes of transport, while minimising their impact on the environment throughout their life cycle. UAM will become a part of the future urban multimodal intelligent mobility ecosystem and the ground and air infrastructures enabling these transport services will be widely deployed and integrated.
-Hkrati bo obstajal vse večji spekter različnih vrst dronov in primerov uporabe. Zakonodajalec Unije, Komisija, Agencija Evropske unije za varnost v letalstvu (EASA) in države članice so institucionalno odgovorni za zagotavljanje varnosti, zaščite in učinkovitosti svojih dejavnosti. Zagotavljajo, da se v skladu s pričakovanji državljanov in ob upoštevanju njihovih pomislekov vse storitve z droni izvajajo na način, ki zagotavlja varnost, zaščito, trajnostnost, zasebnost in cenovno dostopnost. Droni, ki se uporabljajo za prevoz ljudi in blaga, bodo še posebno usmerjeni v doseganje javno dostopnih storitev, s čimer se bodo ustvarjale koristi za prebivalce in lokalne skupnosti.	-An increased spectrum of distinct types of drones and use cases will coexist. The Union legislator, the Commission, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Member States all have an institutional responsibility to safeguard the safety, security and efficiency of their operations. They ensure that all drone services are provided in a manner that ensures safety, security, sustainability, privacy, and affordability, in line with citizens’ expectations and addressing their concerns. Drones used for the transport of people and goods will be particularly oriented to the achievement of publicly accessible services, thus creating benefits for citizens and local communities.
-V EU bo v celoti uveden sedanji regulativni okvir sistema U-space. Dodatne napredne službe U-space bodo podpirale obsežne visoko avtomatizirane in digitalno povezane cenovno dostopne, varne, zanesljive in okolju prijazne operacije z brezpilotnimi zrakoplovi v več državah članicah. Začelo se bo povezovanje prometa s posadko in brez nje v istem zračnem prostoru, in sicer znotraj zračnega prostora U-space in zunaj njega.	-The current U-space regulatory framework will have been completely rolled out in the EU. Additional advanced U-space services will support large scale highly automated and digitally connected affordable, safe, secure, and environmentally friendly unmanned aircraft operations in several Member States. The integration between manned and unmanned traffic in the same airspace will be initiated, inside and outside U-space airspace.
-Industrija dronov v EU bo postala gospodarsko vzdržna ter dostopna državljanom in podjetjem EU, pri čemer bodo dejavno sodelovali akterji vseh velikosti, vključno z najrazličnejšimi MSP, kar bo spodbujalo sodelovanje med vsemi akterji in bistveno razširilo spekter, ki ne bo več zajemal le omejenega števila globalnih večnacionalnih deležnikov.	-The EU drone industry will have become viable and accessible to EU citizens and businesses with an active participation of actors of all sizes, including a variety of diversified SME’s, fostering collaboration between all actors, and broadening the spectrum significantly beyond the limited number of global multinational stakeholders.
-Sistematično se bodo ugotavljale in izkoriščale sinergije med civilno in obrambno industrijo, kar bo koristilo obema sektorjema. S tem se bo izboljšala konkurenčnost evropske industrije in okrepila strateška avtonomija Evrope, saj se bodo države članice lahko opirale na konkurenčno tehnologijo v zvezi z droni evropskega izvora.	-Civil-defence industry synergies will be systematically identified and exploited. They will benefit both sectors. They will improve the competitiveness of European industry and strengthen Europe's strategic autonomy, by allowing Member States to rely on competitive drone technology of European origin.
-Ekosistem dronov bo zagotavljal delovna mesta, spodbujal in varoval evropsko tehnološko znanje in izkušnje ter omogočal priložnosti za rast gospodarstva EU kot celote, kar bo evropskim podjetjem, vključno z novimi MSP, kot vodilnim v svetu omogočilo rast in razcvet.	-The drone eco-system will provide jobs, promote and protect European technological know-how and allow for growth opportunities for the EU economy as a whole, enabling European companies, including new SMEs to grow and flourish as global leaders.
Uresničevanje vizije	Making the vision a reality
19.Ta strategija zajema deset področij, ki naj bi spodbujala razvoj ekosistema dronov in pripomogla k uresničitvi zgornje vizije. Opredeljena so bila na podlagi prispevkov, prejetih med obsežnimi posvetovanji, ki so opisana v priloženem delovnem dokumentu služb Komisije. Ta področja so razvrščena pod dva glavna cilja. Prvi je vzpostaviti trg storitev z droni v Uniji, drugi pa okrepiti zmogljivosti in sinergije civilne, varnostne in obrambne industrije Unije. Cilj vsakega področja je okrepiti učinkovitost različnih segmentov celotne vrednostne verige dronov, od upravljavcev dronov, proizvajalcev dronov, obrambnega sektorja, tehnologij za boj proti dronom, do sistema U-space.	19.This strategy covers ten areas which should unfold the development of the drone eco-system and help to achieve the above vision. They were identified on the basis of the input received during wide-ranging consultations which are described in the accompanying Staff Working Document. Those areas are grouped under two main objectives. The first one is to build the Union drone service market, and the second one is to strengthen the Union’s civil, security and defence industry capabilities and synergies. Each area aims to reinforce the efficiency of the different segments of the overall drone value chain, ranging from drone operators, drone manufacturers, the defence sector, counter drones to the U-space.
A. Vzpostavitev trga storitev z droni v Uniji	A. Building the Union drone services market
1.Izboljšanje zmogljivosti zračnega prostora (razvoj sistema U-space in povezovanje z upravljanjem zračnega prometa)	1.Improving airspace capabilities (U-space development and integration with Air Traffic Management)
20.Eden glavnih ciljev obstoječega upravljanja zračnega prometa (ATM) in standardiziranih evropskih pravil letenja (SERA) 30 je preprečevanje trčenj med zrakoplovi. Standardizirana evropska pravila letenja temeljijo na načelu zaznavanja in izogibanja, ki ga pilot uporablja, da se izogne trčenju v zraku. Glede na to, da pri operacijah z droni pilot ni na krovu, strogo upoštevanje tega načela ni mogoče, zato je treba tveganja trčenja zmanjšati z ustreznimi alternativnimi sredstvi.	20.One of the major objectives of the existing Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA) 30 is to avoid collisions between aircraft. The SERA are built on the principle of “see and avoid” which is used by the pilot to avoid mid-air collision. Considering that, in drone operations, the intention is for the pilot not to be on-board, a strict adherence to this principle cannot be applied and hence collision risks need to be mitigated with adequate alternative means.
21.Za vključitev dronov v zračni prostor je zato potrebna revizija obstoječih pravil o varnosti v letalstvu, da se upoštevajo te razlike, ali priprava povsem novih pravil, ki bodo oblikovana posebej za te nove udeležence. Dosedanja strategija Unije je bila usmerjena v napredek na obeh področjih. V prvi fazi je zračni prostor za drone ločen od zračnega prostora, ki se uporablja za operacije zrakoplovov s posadko, da se nato v drugi fazi doseže popolna vključitev obeh, kar bi vsem uporabnikom zračnega prostora (zrakoplovom s posadko in brez nje ter zrakoplovom v okviru inovativne zračne mobilnosti in v rednem zračnemu prometu, pa tudi upravljavcem državnih, vključno z vojaškimi, zrakoplovov s posadko in brez nje) omogočilo varno in neovirano delovanje v istem zračnem prostoru ali tranzit med zračnima prostoroma.	21.The integration of drones in the airspace therefore calls either for the revision of the existing aviation safety rules to take account of those differences, or for the development of entirely new rules designed specifically for those new entrants. The Union’s strategy so far has been to progress on both fronts. In the first stage, the airspace for drones is separated from the airspace used for manned operations to then achieve in a second stage a full integration of both, allowing all airspace users (manned and unmanned, as well as IAM and regular air traffic, but also operators of State, including military, manned and unmanned aircraft) to safely and freely operate within the same airspace or transit between airspaces.
Vodilni ukrep 1: Komisija namerava sprejeti spremembe standardiziranih evropskih pravil letenja in uredbe o upravljanju zračnega prometa/izvajanju navigacijskih služb zračnega prometa za varno vključitev operacij z droni in vodenih operacij z zrakoplovi eVTOL.	Flagship action 1: The Commission intends to adopt amendments to the Standardised European Rules of the Air and the Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation Services Regulation to safely integrate drone and piloted eVTOL operations.
22.Kar zadeva prilagajanje zmogljivosti zračnega prostora, je Komisija leta 2016 začela pobudo, katere cilj je zagotoviti varno in zanesljivo vključevanje dronov v zračni prostor: tako imenovani U-space, prilagojen, popolnoma digitalen in avtomatiziran sistem upravljanja prometa, ki je zasnovan tako, da omogoča učinkovito in cenovno ugodno razširitev storitev z droni. Sistem U-space bi moral biti čim bolj stroškovno učinkovit, hkrati pa bi moral zagotavljati pravičen dostop do zračnega prostora različnim upravljavcem dronov iz vse EU ter omogočati varne in učinkovite operacije vojaških in državnih zrakoplovov s posadko in brez nje.	22.In terms of adapting airspace capabilities, in 2016 the Commission launched an initiative aimed at ensuring the safe and secure integration of drones into the airspace: the so-called U-Space, a bespoke, fully digital, and automated traffic management system that has been designed to enable the efficient and affordable scaling up of drone services. The U-Space should be as cost-effective as possible, while providing equitable access to airspace for a diversity of drone operators from across the EU and enabling military and State manned and unmanned aircraft operations in a safe and efficient manner.
23.Razvoj sistema U-space se je nato začel leta 2017 v okviru programa raziskav o upravljanju zračnega prometa enotnega evropskega neba (SESAR), pri čemer v zvezi z njim še vedno potekajo stalne raziskave in inovacije, zlasti kar zadeva naprednejše službe U-space.	23.U-space development was subsequently initiated in 2017 in the context of the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) programme and is still the subject of ongoing research and innovation, in particular as regards more advanced U-space services.
24.Komisija je leta 2021 sprejela prvotni regulativni okvir, tj. regulativni sveženj o sistemu U-space 31 , da bi vzpostavila skupne temelje sistema U-space in zagotovila zbliževanje pionirskih izvedbenih projektov, ki so se razcveteli v Uniji.	24.An initial regulatory framework, the U-space regulatory package 31 , was adopted by the Commission in 2021 to establish common U-space foundations and ensure the convergence of the pioneer implementation projects blossoming across the Union.
25.Kratko- do srednjeročno je treba olajšati uvedbo tega prvotnega regulativnega okvira. V ta namen bi se morali agencija EASA, izvajalci navigacijskih služb zračnega prometa in izvajalci služb U-space dogovoriti o potrebnih protokolih za izmenjavo informacij z izvajalcem skupnih informacijskih služb in bolje opredeliti zahteve glede zmogljivosti navigacije. V skladu s tem bi morali dati prednost tudi razvoju povezanih standardov.	25.In the short to medium term, it is necessary to facilitate the roll-out of this initial regulatory framework. To that end, EASA, Air Navigation Service Providers and U-space service providers should agree on the necessary protocols to exchange information with Common Information Service provider, and better define navigation performance requirements. Accordingly, they should also prioritise the development of the related standards.
26.Izvajalci služb U-space bi morali imeti tudi možnost, da izkoristijo obstoječe tehnologije in standarde mobilnih telekomunikacij, na primer tiste, ki izhajajo iz skupne dejavnosti za zračno povezljivost 32 , ki je rezultat sodelovanja subjektov za upravljanje brezpilotnega prometa in mobilne komunikacije ter je namenjena spodbujanju izmenjave in razumevanja med letalsko skupnostjo in skupnostjo mobilne komunikacije, da bi izboljšali izmenjavo informacij in preprečili nezdružljivost med tema skupinama. Razmisliti bi bilo treba tudi o uporabi rešitev in operativnih konceptov sistema U-space za bolj avtomatizirano upravljanje zračnega prometa.	26.U-space service providers should also be able to capitalise on the existing mobile telecommunication technologies and standards, such as those resulting from the Aerial Connectivity Joint Activity 32 which is a collaboration by Unmanned Traffic Management and mobile communication entities aimed to promote interchange and understanding between the aviation and cellular communities, the purpose being to enhance information sharing and avoid incompatibilities between those groups. The use of U-space solutions and operational concepts for a more automated ATM should also be considered.
27.Poleg tega je treba še naprej podpirati obsežne predstavitvene dejavnosti in dejavnosti potrjevanja ter uskladiti prizadevanja pionirskih projektov za potrjevanje izvajanja prototipov in osnutkov standardov, ki se uporabljajo pri testiranju v resničnem življenju. V ta namen lahko deležniki EU izkoristijo projekt živih laboratorijev za prihodnje mestne ekosisteme, ki ga je nedavno začelo izvajati Skupno raziskovalno središče (JRC) Evropske komisije 33 .	27.There also is a continuing need to support large scale demonstration and validation activities and harmonise efforts by pioneer projects to validate prototyping implementations and draft standards used during real life tests. To this end, EU stakeholders can take advantage of the Living Labs for Future Urban Ecosystems recently set up by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) 33 .
28.Komisija namerava še naprej podpirati raziskave in razvoj, da bi nadgradila prvotni regulativni okvir in izboljšala uvajanje sistema U-space za podporo naprednejšim storitvam in inovativni zračni mobilnosti v skladu z vizijo iz osrednjega načrta za upravljanje zračnega prometa v Evropi 34 in časovnimi načrti za dosego tega cilja, kot je opisano v strateškem programu za raziskave in inovacije za digitalno evropsko nebo 35 .	28.The Commission intends to continue to support research and development in order to build on the initial regulatory framework and enhance U-space deployment to support more advanced services and Innovative Air Mobility (IAM), in accordance with the European ATM Master Plan (MP) vision 34 , and the Roadmaps to achieve this, as described in the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for the Digital European Sky 35 .
29.Te raziskave in razvoj bi morali biti zasnovani tako, da bi se upravljanje zračnega prometa in sistem U-space vse bolj obravnavala skupaj, tako da bi do popolne vzpostavitve sistema U-space obe okolji postali en popolnoma integriran zračni prostor, ki bi nemoteno vključeval male drone, inovativno zračno mobilnost, letalstvo s posadko in operacije v višjem zračnem prostoru (Higher Airspace Operations – HAO). Ker se na vsakem od teh področij raziskave nadaljujejo, bi bilo treba izkušnje iz enega okolja uporabiti v vseh drugih, da bo končni sistem upravljanja zračnega prometa varen, gospodarsko vzdržen in okoljsko trajnosten.	29.This research and development should be designed to increasingly consider ATM and U-space together so that, by the time the full U-space is deployed, the two environments will have become one, fully integrated airspace, seamlessly encompassing small drones, IAM, manned aviation, and Higher Airspace Operations (HAO). As research continues in each thread, lessons from one environment should be applied to each of the others, so that the final air traffic management system is safe, economically viable and environmentally sustainable.
30.V strateškem programu za raziskave in inovacije je jasno opisano preoblikovanje treh ločenih področij komunikacij, navigacije in nadzora (CNS) v eno integrirano okolje CNS (ICNS). To vključuje vse sedanje tehnologije CNS, ki se uporabljajo za upravljanje zračnega prometa, pa tudi tiste, ki so potrebne za podporo sistemu U-space, inovativni zračni mobilnosti, vključitvi dronov in operacijam v višjem zračnem prostoru. Program SESAR, kot je predviden v strateškem programu za raziskave in inovacije, bi moral integrirano okolje CNS (ICNS) obravnavati kot mehanizem, s katerim lahko vsi uporabniki zračnega prostora varno medsebojno delujejo, hkrati pa z racionalizacijo in večnamensko uporabo obstoječih in razvojnih tehnologij zmanjšujejo stroške in vpliv na okolje. To povezovanje bi moralo vključevati tehnologije z drugih področij, kot so telekomunikacije in vesoljska industrija, pri čemer bi bilo treba izkoriščati storitve in podatke vesoljskih programov EU (EGNOS, Galileo, Copernicus in program za varno povezljivost), za povečano povezljivost pa bi bilo treba uporabiti digitalne komunikacije in tudi bolj običajne elemente. V zvezi s tem se bodo nadalje proučevale sinergije z vesoljskim programom EU, poleg tega bo okrepljeno usklajevanje za podporo odporni in zanesljivi navigaciji dronov ter razvoju služb U-space kot spodbujevalca inovativne zračne mobilnosti. V raziskavah in predstavitvah v okviru tega ukrepa bi morale biti poleg tehnoloških vprašanj obravnavane tudi posebne zahteve glede uspešnosti in certificiranja vseh ustreznih tehnologij, ki izhajajo iz razvijajočih se področij sistema U-space in inovativne zračne mobilnosti.	30.The Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda clearly describes the transformation from three separate Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) domains into one integrated CNS (ICNS) environment. This includes all current CNS technologies used for ATM, but also those needed to support U-space, Innovative Air Mobility, drone integration and Higher Airspace Operations. The SESAR programme, as envisaged in the SRIA, should look to ICNS as the mechanism by which all airspace users can inter-operate safely, while reducing costs and environmental impact through rationalisation and multi-use of existing and developmental technologies. This integration should include technologies from other domains, such as the telecommunications and the space industries, leveraging services and data of the EU Space programmes (EGNOS, Galileo, Copernicus and Secure Connectivity), and should address increased connectivity through digital communications as well as the more conventional elements. In this regard, synergies with the EU Space Programme will be further explored and the coordination strengthened to support resilient and robust drone navigation, as well as development of U-Space services, as enabler of Innovative Air Mobility. Research and demonstration under this Action should address both technological issues and the specific performance and certification requirements of all relevant technologies that arise from the evolving U-space and IAM domains.
Vodilni ukrep 2: Komisija bo še naprej spodbujala usklajene raziskave o integriranih komunikacijskih, navigacijskih in nadzornih tehnologijah, da bi zagotovila zbliževanje med okoljema upravljanja zračnega prometa in sistema U-space.	Flagship action 2: The Commission will continue to promote coordinated research on integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies to ensure the convergence between ATM and U-space environments.
31.Ključni element za pravično in usklajeno izvajanje sistema U-space po vsej Uniji ter razvoj konkurenčnega evropskega trga za storitve z droni je oblikovanje cen (in povezan nadzor) skupnih informacijskih služb ter oblikovanje cen dostopa do podatkov, potrebnih za te storitve. Komisija v predlogu prenovitve SES2+ 36 predlaga določitev jasnih pravil o oblikovanju cen in izmenjavi podatkov, potrebnih za razvoj trga U-space, zato bi ga moral zakonodajalec Unije sprejeti brez nepotrebnega odlašanja.	31.A key element for the fair and harmonised implementation of U-space across the Union, and the development of a competitive European market for drone services, is the pricing (and related oversight) of the Common Information Services (CIS), as well as the pricing of access to data necessary for such services. The SES2+ recast proposal of the Commission 36 proposes to establish clear pricing and data sharing rules necessary for the development of the U-Space market, thus its adoption by the Union legislator should take place without undue delay.
32.Kadar je mogoče, bi bilo treba regulativni okvir EU, vključno s predpisi o U-space, spodbujati pri trgovinskih partnerjih zunaj EU in na ravni organizacije ICAO kot podlago za prihodnji svetovni regulativni okvir za drone, da se zagotovijo usklajeni pristopi z drugimi regijami in na svetovni ravni. Takšno sodelovanje bi moralo zajemati tudi pregled Priloge 2 ICAO (pravila letenja), da bi se zajele posebnosti operacij z droni.	32.Whenever possible, the EU regulatory framework, including the U-space regulations, should be promoted with trading partners outside of the EU, and at the level of ICAO, as a basis for a future global drone regulatory framework to ensure consistent approaches with other Regions and at the global level. Such cooperation should also cover the review of ICAO Annex 2 (rules of the air) to cover drone operations’ specificities.
2.Spodbujanje zračnih operacij	2.Facilitating Aerial Operations
33.Upravljavci dronov, ki izvajajo zračne operacije, so bistveni del vrednostne verige dronov in ena od gonilnih sil trga storitev z droni. Prispevajo k doseganju konkurenčnih prednosti v širokem spektru gospodarskih dejavnosti, od nadzora, spremljanja, kartiranja ali snemanja do zdravstvenih in nujnih storitev. Poslovni modeli, povezani z zračnimi operacijami, so naprednejši od tistih, ki se nanašajo na inovativno zračno mobilnost. Vendar še niso bili v celoti izvedeni in jih je treba v veliki meri še uvajati kot zunanje storitve. Dejansko se večina zračnih operacij trenutno izvaja kot notranje storitve v podjetjih, in sicer na podlagi jasne poslovne perspektive.	33.Drone operators performing Aerial Operations are an essential part of the drone value chain and one of the driving forces of the drone services market. They contribute to achieving competitive advantages in a wide spectrum of economic activities, ranging from surveillance, monitoring, mapping or filming, as well as medical and emergency services. Business models associated to Aerial Operations are more advanced than those pertaining to Innovative Air Mobility. However, they have not yet been fully implemented and to a large extent are still to be rolled out as external services. In fact, most Aerial Operations are currently taking place as internal services within companies, based on a clear business perspective.
34.Pristop, ki je osredotočen na operacije in temelji na tveganju ter je bil do zdaj podlaga za razvoj regulativnega okvira EU za drone, upravljavcem zagotavlja večjo prožnost pri operacijah v primerjavi s prejšnjimi nacionalnimi predpisi, ki so se uporabljali za letalstvo brez posadke. Vendar so trgi za te storitve še vedno razmeroma nerazviti, pri čemer so osredotočeni predvsem na raziskovalne in inovacijske dejavnosti ter dejavnosti testiranja. Čeprav to deloma odraža dejstvo, da je regulativni okvir EU razmeroma nov, sta bila na javnih posvetovanjih in delavnicah pri pripravi te strategije poudarjena dva pomembna elementa. Prvič, čeprav je varnost prva prednostna naloga, bi bilo treba s politiko, osredotočeno na operacije, varnostne zahteve ohraniti sorazmerne s tveganjem operacij, in drugič, v skladu z načelom varnosti na prvem mestu ter to politiko, osredotočeno na operacije, je treba izboljšati nekatere regulativne vidike, ki so že vzpostavljeni, da se zagotovita bolj usklajena uporaba in pravna varnost.	34.The risk-based operation-centric approach that has underpinned the development of the EU regulatory framework for drones until now provides operators with more flexibility in operations compared to the previous national regulations applicable for unmanned aviation. However, the markets for those services still remain relatively immature and mainly focused on research, innovation and testing activities. While this partly reflects the fact that the EU regulatory framework is relatively recent, the public consultations and workshops in preparation of this strategy highlighted two important elements. First, while safety is the first priority, the operation-centric policy should keep the safety requirements proportionate to the risk of operations, and secondly, in line with the principle of safety first and this operation-centric policy, there is a need to improve some regulatory aspects already in place to ensure a more harmonised application and legal certainty.
35.Glede na povratne informacije, prejete med postopkom posvetovanja, nekateri deležniki iz industrije menijo, da so v nekaterih primerih zahteve za izdajo operativnih dovoljenj nesorazmerne glede na raven tveganj z operativnega in finančnega vidika. Enako velja tudi za testiranje in predstavitev novih vrst zračnih operacij v resničnem okolju, v zvezi s katerima se zahteve štejejo za prezapletene. Eno od tveganj za upravljavca drona je, da lahko pristojni organ sklene, da bi bilo treba operacijo izvajati pod pogoji „certificirane“ kategorije 37 namesto „posebne“ kategorije 38 , pri čemer je za prvo kategorijo potrebno certificiranje zrakoplova, upravljavcev in pilota na daljavo, kot je ustrezno.	35.According to the feedback received during the consultation process, some industry stakeholders consider that in some cases, requirements to permit operational authorisations are disproportionate to address the level of risks from both an operational and financial point of view. The same also applies to real world testing and demonstration of new types of aerial operations for which the requirements are considered as too cumbersome. One of the risks for the drone operator is that the competent authority may reach the conclusion that the operation should be performed under the conditions of the ‘certified’ category 37 , instead of the ‘specific’ category 38 , the former requiring the certification of the aircraft, the operators and the remote pilot, as applicable.
36.Ker velik del zračnih operacij pomeni majhno do srednje tveganje, bi si lahko regulativni organi bolj prizadevali za olajšanje primerov uporabe v „posebni“ kategoriji operacij z droni. Na tej stopnji je Komisija sprejela le dva evropska standardna scenarija, namenjena operacijam z majhnim tveganjem v „posebni“ kategoriji. V teh primerih lahko upravljavci dronov ustreznemu organu samo pošljejo izjavo, namesto da zaprosijo za dovoljenje in čakajo nanj. V zvezi z droni, ki se uporabljajo pri operacijah, razvrščenih v posebno kategorijo s srednjim tveganjem, za katere ni mogoče podati izjave, pa bo morda morala agencija EASA predhodno preveriti zasnovo, na podlagi česar bo izdano „poročilo o preverjanju zasnove“ 39 .	36.As a large part of Aerial Operations present a low to a medium risk, more efforts could be made by the regulators to facilitate use-cases in the ‘specific’ category of drone operations. At this stage, the Commission adopted only two European Standard Scenarios targeting low risk operations in the ‘specific’ category. For those, drone operators are allowed to just send a declaration to the respective authority instead of applying and waiting for an authorisation. However, drones used in operations classified as medium risk of the specific category for which there is no possibility to declare, they may have to undergo a prior design verification by EASA leading to a ‘design verification report’ 39 .
37.Komisija namerava pregledati to stanje, da bi upoštevala težave, ki so se pojavile pri začetnem izvajanju povezanega postopka. Da bi agencija EASA in države članice olajšale ta postopek, bi morale še naprej razvijati ustrezne sprejemljive načine usklajevanja in smernice za operacije z droni v posebni kategoriji v podporo izvajanju metodologije posebne ocene operativnega tveganja (SORA) ter podpirati nadaljnji razvoj standardov, potrebnih za izvajanje predpisov o dronih v industriji. Ti standardi bi morali po možnosti temeljiti na uspešnosti in določati minimalne zahteve ter ne bi smeli biti opisni, da ne bi zastareli.	37.The Commission intends to review this situation to take account of the difficulties experienced in the initial implementation of the related procedure. To facilitate this process, EASA and the Member States should continue to develop adequate Accepted Means of Compliance and Guidance Materials for drone operations in the specific category in support of the specific operational risk assessment (SORA) methodology implementation and to support the further development of industry standards required for implementation of the drone regulations by industry. These standards should, where possible, be performance-based setting minimum requirements and not be descriptive so as to avoid that they become outdated.
38.Poleg tega bi bilo upravno breme, povezano s postopkom izdaje operativnih dovoljenj, mogoče zmanjšati z nadaljnjim razvojem evropskih standardnih scenarijev in vnaprej določenih ocen tveganja 40 . Nadaljnji razvoj tega regulativnega pristopa bi lahko pripomogel tudi k odpravi nekaterih obstoječih poslovnih negotovosti ter podprl vključitev malih in srednjih podjetij na trg operacij z droni.	38.In addition, the administrative burden related to the operational authorisation process could be alleviated by developing further European Standard Scenarios and pre-defined risk assessments 40 . Further developing this regulatory approach could also help to address some existing business uncertainty and support the inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises in the drone operations market.
39.V novih evropskih standardnih scenarijih bi bilo mogoče obravnavati tudi posebne potrebe, povezane z državnimi ali vojaškimi operacijami in dejavnostmi pomorskega nadzora.	39.Finally, new European Standard Scenarios could also address specific needs related to State or military operations and maritime surveillance activities.
Vodilni ukrep 3: Komisija namerava sprejeti nove evropske standardne scenarije za zračne operacije z majhnim do srednjim tveganjem 41 .	Flagship action 3: The Commission intends to adopt new European standard scenarios for low to medium risk aerial operations 41 .
40.Sedanja regulativna prožnost, na primer pri opredelitvi „geografskih območij sistema brezpilotnega zrakoplova“ 42 ali odobritvi čezmejnih operacij, ki je predvidena v regulativnem okviru EU za drone, bi lahko privedla do različnih razlag in pristopov k izvajanju v državah članicah, kar bi na koncu vplivalo na tržne razmere. Zato bo Komisija natančno proučila, kako pristojni organi izvajajo predpise. Zagotavljanje usklajenih praks izvajanja bi moralo prispevati tudi k zagotavljanju enakih konkurenčnih pogojev med državami članicami/regijami, na primer v primeru čezmejnih operacij. Okrepljeno usklajevanje med pristojnimi organi bi moralo prispevati k preprečevanju tveganja neusklajenega izvajanja predpisov EU na nacionalni ravni.	40.The current regulatory flexibility, for example in the definition of ‘UAS geographical zones’ 42 or approval of cross-border operations, provided for in the EU drone regulatory framework could lead to different interpretations and implementation approaches by Member States, ultimately affecting market conditions. Therefore, the Commission will closely examine how regulations are implemented by the competent authorities. Ensuring harmonised implementation practices should also contribute to ensure a level playing field between Member States/regions, for example in case of cross border operations. More coordination between competent authorities should help to avoid the risk of de-harmonised national implementations of EU rules.
41.Države članice bi morale podpreti nadaljnje pilotne projekte, katerih cilj je povečati ozaveščenost upravljavcev dronov v „odprti“ in „posebni“ kategoriji, da se olajša razvoj aplikacij in orodij, ki omogočajo samodejno poročanje o incidentih in dogodkih z droni. Takšni podatki bi omogočili potrditev predpostavk, sprejetih pri pripravi „posebne“ ocene operativnega tveganja, ki se zahteva v skladu z Uredbo (EU) 2019/947.	41.Member States should support further pilot projects which aim to increase awareness of drone operators in the ‘open’ and ‘specific’ categories in order to facilitate the development of applications and tools that enable automatic reporting of drone incidents and occurrences. Such data would enable validation of assumptions made when developing the ‘specific’ operational risk assessment required under Regulation (EU) 2019/947.
3.Razvoj inovativne zračne mobilnosti	3.Developing Innovative Air Mobility
42.Inovativna zračna mobilnost zajema zračna plovila, od malih dronov, ki se uporabljajo za dostavo tovora, do zrakoplovov eVTOL, tj. zrakoplovov na električni pogon, ki lahko navpično vzletajo in pristajajo, za prevoz blaga in ljudi. Številni razvijalci zrakoplovov eVTOL so namreč usmerjeni v potniške operacije, ki temeljijo na ekonomski učinkovitosti električne energije, vozliščnih omrežjih in nadgradljivosti, da bi dosegli konkurenčne cene in zagotovili trajnostne alternative obstoječim potovalnim storitvam.	42.Innovative Air Mobility (IAM) consists of vehicles ranging from small drones used for cargo delivery operations to eVTOL aircraft, i.e. electrically powered aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing for the transport of both goods and people. Indeed, multiple eVTOL developers are targeting passenger operations, built on economic efficiencies of electric power, nodal networks, and scalability to achieve competitive pricing and provide sustainable alternatives to existing travel services.
43.Te tehnologije vzbujajo pozornost akterjev na področju mobilnosti in lokalnih oblasti, saj lahko prispevajo k trajnostni in integrirani mobilnosti v mestih in regijah z zagotavljanjem varnejših rešitev mobilnosti, ki manj onesnažujejo okolje in zmanjšujejo zastoje, za lokalne skupnosti na mestnih, primestnih in podeželskih območjih.	43.These technologies are attracting the attention of mobility actors and local authorities as a means of contributing to sustainable and integrated mobility across cities and regions by providing less polluting, less congesting and safer mobility solutions to local communities in urban, sub-urban and rural areas.
44.Inovativna zračna mobilnost in zračna mobilnost v mestih vključujeta operacije z zrakoplovi VTOL s posadko in operacije z droni, ki spadajo v „certificirano“ kategorijo, v katero se uvrščajo operacije z najvišjo stopnjo tveganja. Podobno kot v letalstvu s posadko bi morala tudi za upravljavce dronov, pilote na daljavo, drone in zrakoplove VTOL s posadko veljati enotna pravila in postopki, da bi bile operacije z droni enako varne kot operacije v letalstvu s posadko. Danes obstaja velika tehnična in varnostna regulativna vrzel, zaradi katere ni mogoče izvajati tovrstnih „certificiranih“ operacij. Te bi bilo treba obravnavati z novimi pravili, ki obravnavajo certificiranje zrakoplovov ter odobritev upravljavca drona in licence pilota na daljavo s strani pristojnega organa.	44.Innovative Air Mobility and Urban Air Mobility (UAM) include manned VTOL as well as drone operations falling under the 'certified' category which caters for those operations with the highest level of risk. Like manned aviation, drone operators, remote pilots, drones and manned VTOL aircraft should be subject to uniform rules and procedures so that drone operations are as safe as those in manned aviation. Today, there is a significant technical and safety regulatory gap which prevents such ‘certified’ operations from being performed. These should be addressed by new rules addressing the certification of aircraft, as well as the approval of the drone operator and the remote pilot licence by the competent authority.
Vodilni ukrep 4: Komisija namerava sprejeti pravila za „certificirano“ kategorijo operacij z droni, ki bodo obravnavala začetno in stalno plovnost dronov, ki jih je treba certificirati, ter operativne zahteve, ki se uporabljajo za zrakoplove VTOL s posadko 43 .	Flagship action 4: The Commission intends to adopt rules for the ‘certified’ category of drone operations, addressing the initial and continued airworthiness of drones subject to certification; and the operational requirements applicable to manned VTOL-capable aircraft 43 .
45.Poleg tega namerava Komisija razviti regulativni okvir za certificiranje vertiportov in druge zemeljske infrastrukture. Takšen okvir bi moral ustrezno upoštevati vmesnike z aerodromi in interoperabilnost ter zagotavljati odprt dostop opreme operaterjev dronov do zemeljske infrastrukture. V zvezi s tem bi bilo treba z regulativnim okvirom zagotoviti, da te zemeljske infrastrukture ne postanejo lastniške ter da se v zvezi z njimi uporablja enak odprt model kot za letališča in heliporte, kadar je to upravičeno.	45.In addition, the Commission intends to develop a regulatory framework for the certification of vertiports and other ground infrastructure. Such framework should appropriately take account of interfaces with aerodromes, interoperability and ensure an open access of equipment to ground infrastructures by drone operators. In this regard, the regulatory framework should ensure that those ground infrastructures do not become proprietary and follow the same open model as airports and heliports, where justified.
Vodilni ukrep 5: Komisija namerava sprejeti pravila za načrtovanje in delovanje vertiportov v okviru področja uporabe osnovne uredbe o agenciji EASA 44 .	Flagship action 5: The Commission intends to adopt rules for the design and operations of vertiports under the scope of the EASA Basic Regulation 44 .
46.Čeprav naj bi se prve operacije v okviru inovativne zračne mobilnosti izvajale z zrakoplovi eVTOL s posadko, se bodo takšne operacije v prihodnosti verjetno izvajale na podobnih platformah, vendar bodo daljinsko vodene, nato pa popolnoma avtonomne. Zato je treba podpreti prehodno fazo ter zagotoviti nemoteno vključevanje teh novih operativnih konceptov na sedanje področje letalstva in prihodnji multimodalni prometni sistem. Od sistema U-space se pričakuje, da bo zagotovil sredstva za varno in učinkovito upravljanje prometa velike gostote na nizkih višinah, ki vključuje raznovrstna zračna plovila (male brezpilotne zrakoplove, zrakoplove eVTOL in običajne zrakoplove s posadko), vključno z operacijami nad naseljenimi območji in v kontroliranem zračnem prostoru. Sistem U-space se bo moral brezhibno povezati s sistemom upravljanja zračnega prometa, da se zagotovi varen in pravičen dostop do zračnega prostora za vse uporabnike zračnega prostora, vključno z leti v okviru zračne mobilnosti v mestih z letališč.	46.Although first Innovative Air Mobility operations are expected to be conducted with manned eVTOL aircraft, such operations will likely be in the future performed on similar platforms but remotely piloted and then fully autonomous. Therefore, it is necessary to support the transitioning phase and ensure a smooth integration of these new operational concepts in the current aviation domain, as well as the future multimodal transport system. The U-space system is expected to provide the means to safely and efficiently manage high-density traffic at low altitudes involving heterogeneous vehicles (small unmanned aircraft, eVTOL aircraft and conventional manned aircraft), including operations over populated areas and within controlled airspace. U-space will have to integrate seamlessly with the ATM system to ensure safe and fair access to airspace for all airspace users, including Urban Air Mobility flights departing from airports.
47.Pri oblikovanju prihodnjih globalnih tehnoloških rešitev bi bilo treba upoštevati potrebe in posebnosti vseh uporabnikov zračnega prostora. Te rešitve bi morale biti cenovno dostopne tudi z vidika stroškov. Uporabniki zračnega prostora, kot so rekreativni (jadralna letala, jadralna padala itd.) ali ultralahki zrakoplovi, bi lahko skupaj z drugimi uporabniki zračnega prostora imeli koristi od „lahkih“ rešitev glede elektronske vidnosti, ki bi omogočale njihovo prosto gibanje v zračnem prostoru EU.	47.When designing future global technology solutions, the needs and specificities of all airspace users should be considered. Also, from a cost point of view, these solutions should be affordable. Airspace users such as recreational (gliders, paragliders, etc.) or ultra-light aircraft could benefit from ‘light’ electronic conspicuity solutions along with other airspace users and allow their free movement in the EU airspace.
48.Vprašanje dostopa do trga bi bilo treba obravnavati tudi ob ustreznem upoštevanju razmer v sektorju dronov. Trenutno so gospodarski in finančni pogoji za pridobitev operativne licence letalskega prevoznika Skupnosti določeni v Uredbi (ES) št. 1008/2008 45 . Ta uredba zajema prevoz potnikov, tovora in pošte, po sprejetju nove osnovne uredbe, s katero se je uporaba pravil Unije razširila na brezpilotne zrakoplove, pa se uporablja tudi za upravljavce dronov. Vendar so obstoječa pravila o licenciranju letalskih prevoznikov, ki so bila prvotno zasnovana za zajetje velikih podjetij za komercialni zračni prevoz, morda nesorazmerna za upravljavce dronov. Komisija zato namerava pregledati to uredbo, da bi zagotovila pošten dostop do trga na podlagi skupnih zahtev, ki bodo bolje odražale gospodarski in finančni položaj podjetij za prevoz z droni, na primer glede finančnih pogojev ali „lastništva in nadzora“.	48.The question of market access should also be addressed with due regard to the situation of the drone sector. Currently, the economic and financial conditions to obtain a Community Air Carrier operating licence are set out in Regulation (EC) 1008/2008 45 . This Regulation covers the transport of passengers, cargo and mail and after the adoption of the new Basic Regulation, which enlarged the application of Union rules to unmanned aircraft, is also applicable to drone operators. However, the existing air carrier licencing rules, which were originally designed to cover large Commercial Air Transport undertakings, might be disproportionate for drone operators. The Commission therefore intends to review this Regulation in order to ensure a fair market access based on common requirements, which better reflect the economic and financial situation of drone undertakings, for example on financial conditions or “Ownership and Control”.
Vodilni ukrep 6: Komisija namerava razviti uravnotežene ekonomske in finančne zahteve za licenciranje upravljavcev dronov.	Flagship action 6: The Commission intends to develop balanced economic and financial requirements for licensing of drone operators.
4.Zagotavljanje trajnostnosti in družbenega sprejemanja	4.Ensuring sustainability and societal acceptance
49.Priznati je treba družbeni in okoljski vpliv operacij v okviru inovativne zračne mobilnosti, ki bi ga bilo treba z naborom instrumentov Unije obravnavati vnaprej, saj je družbena sprejemljivost ključna za uspeh inovativnih zračnih storitev. Storitve z droni bi bilo treba spodbujati na podlagi vključenosti, cenovno ugodnega dostopa in trajnostnosti ter ne bi smele biti omejene le na peščico bogatih.	49.The societal and environmental impact of Innovative Air Mobility operations must be recognised and should be tackled upfront with a set of Union instruments as social acceptance is key for the success of Innovative Aerial Services. Drone services should be promoted on the basis of inclusivity, affordable access and sustainability, and not be restricted to the “wealthy few”.
50.Agencija EASA je v okviru priprave ustreznega regulativnega okvira za inovativno zračno mobilnost izvedla obsežno študijo o družbenem sprejemanju operacij v okviru zračne mobilnosti v mestih v Evropski uniji 46 . Glede na rezultate raziskave, ki jo je izvedla agencija EASA, ima 83 % anketirancev pozitiven začetni pogled na zračno mobilnost v mestih, 71 % pa jih je pripravljenih preizkusiti takšne storitve. Primeri v skupnem interesu, kot so storitve nujne pomoči ali medicinski prevozi, so prejeli močno podporo. Poleg tega so bili rezultati v različnih mestih, ki so bila zajeta v raziskavo, enotni.	50.As part of the preparation of an adequate regulatory framework for Innovative Air Mobility, EASA has conducted a comprehensive study on the societal acceptance of Urban Air Mobility operations across the European Union 46 . According to the results of the survey conducted by EASA, 83% of respondents have a positive initial attitude towards Urban Air Mobility, with 71% ready to try out such services. Cases in the common interest, such as emergency services or medical transportation received strong support. Furthermore, the results were homogeneous across the various cities which were covered in the survey.
51.Kljub temu so bili v študiji ugotovljeni nekateri pomembni pomisleki, povezani z družbenim sprejemanjem zračne mobilnosti v mestih, pri čemer so bili na prvem mestu pomisleki glede hrupa in varnosti, sledili so pomisleki glede zasebnosti, okoljskih vprašanj in zanesljivosti. Zato bi bilo treba na evropski in nacionalni ravni izvesti bolj poglobljene nadaljnje študije o okoljski sprejemljivosti in družbenem sprejemanju, vključno z vplivom dronov na okolje, pri čemer bi bilo treba razširiti prizadevanja, ki jih je agencija EASA že izvedla, čemur bi sledila delovna skupina z udeleženci iz vseh držav, ki bi skupaj ocenjevali možne rešitve.	51.Nonetheless, some important concerns associated with societal acceptance of Urban Air Mobility were found in the study, with noise and safety concerns ranking first, privacy, environmental issues and security following. Hence, more in-depth follow-up studies on environmental and societal acceptance, including on the environmental impact of drones should be conducted at European and national levels, broadening the effort already made by EASA, followed by a Working Group with participants from all countries to jointly evaluate possible solutions.
52.Lokalne skupnosti, mesta in regije imajo odločilno vlogo pri zagotavljanju usklajenosti inovativnih zračnih storitev s potrebami in željami svojih prebivalcev. Imajo ključno vlogo pri odločanju o tem, v kakšnem obsegu se lahko na njihovem ozemlju izvajajo operacije z droni. Tako lahko na primer ocenijo, katero kritično infrastrukturo bi bilo treba zaščititi, ali naj bodo operacije dovoljene podnevi ali ponoči, ali kakšni naj bodo ukrepi glede zmanjšanja hrupa in vizualnih motenj. Številna evropska mesta že imajo vodilno vlogo na svetu pri inovacijah na področju prometa, povezanih z droni, ter izvajanju ambicioznih podnebnih ciljev in ciljev na področju mobilnosti. Orodja, kot so načrti za trajnostno mobilnost v mestih 47 , bi morale države članice izkoriščati kot mehanizem za vključitev alternativnih dostavnih rešitev, ki jih ponuja zračna mobilnost v mestih, v načrtovanje mobilnosti v mestih, in pomoč pri obravnavi izzivov mobilnosti za celotno funkcionalno mestno območje, vključno s sinergijami s prostorskimi, energetskimi in podnebnimi načrti.	52.Local communities, cities, regions have a deciding role for ensuring the alignment of Innovative Aerial Services with the needs and preferences of their citizens. They have a key role in deciding to what extent drone operations can be conducted in their territories. For example, they are in a good position to assess which critical infrastructure should be protected, whether operations should be allowed in day or night-time, what should the measures in place be in terms of noise and visual abatements. Many European cities are already global frontrunners when it comes to transport innovation involving drones and the implementation of ambitious climate and mobility targets. Tools such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPS) 47 should be leveraged by Member States as a mechanism to integrate alternative delivery solutions offered by Urban Air Mobility in urban mobility planning and help to address mobility challenges for the entire functional urban area, including synergies with spatial, energy and climate plans.
53.Vloga občin je ključna tudi z vidika regionalnega načrtovanja na mestnih in podeželskih območjih ter vzpostavitve namenske infrastrukture za namestitev vertiportov ali vzletišč in pristajališč. Lokalne uprave bi morale biti vključene in biti sposobne družbi posredovati zanesljive in pregledne informacije o tem, zakaj, kako, kdaj in kje se bo izvajala inovativna zračna mobilnost. Spodbujati bi bilo treba sodelovanje državljanov v regulativnih peskovnikih, živih laboratorijih in predstavitvah, da se lokalni/regionalni vidiki vključijo v končno odločitev o uvajanju inovativne zračne mobilnosti.	53.The role of municipalities is also pivotal in terms of regional planning in urban and rural areas and creation of dedicated infrastructure to accommodating vertiports or take-off and landing sites. Local administrations should be involved and be able to convey a message of certainty and transparency to society about what, how, when and where Innovative Air Mobility will be deployed. Citizens’ participation in regulatory sandboxes, living labs and demonstrations should be encouraged to include local/regional aspects in the final decision regarding Innovative Air Mobility deployment.
54.Sistematično bi bilo treba analizirati lokacijo potrebne nove omogočitvene infrastrukture (npr. vertiportov, telekomunikacijske opreme in opreme za distribucijo energije, vključno z oskrbo z novo energijo, kot je vodik) v mestnem okolju, pri čemer bi bilo treba najti ravnovesje med zahtevami glede lokacije, cenovno dostopnostjo in drugimi vidiki, kot so nevšečnosti za sosede in vizualno onesnaževanje, da se ne bi ogrozila družbena sprejemljivost. Nekateri vertiporti bi lahko uporabljali obstoječe heliporte ali letališča (vključno z malimi aerodromi). Prednost bi bilo treba dati povezanosti z lokalnimi letališči in drugimi modalnimi vozlišči, vključno z javnimi prevoznimi sredstvi.	54.The location of the required new enabling infrastructure (e.g., vertiports, telecommunication and energy distribution equipment, including for new energy supplies such hydrogen) in the urban environment should be systematically analysed, finding a balance between location requirements, affordability and other aspects, such as nuisance to neighbours and visual pollution to avoid jeopardising social acceptance. Some vertiports could reuse existing helipads or airports (including small aerodromes). Connectivity to local airports and other modal hubs, including with public means of transport, should be prioritised.
55.Pri načrtovanju poti, postopkov in drugih operativnih praks bi morali upravljavci dronov in lokalni organi v celoti upoštevati ukrepe za ublažitev hrupa, da se prepreči ali omeji vpliv preletov na državljane, hiše ter mirna in naravna območja.	55.Noise mitigation measures to avoid or limit the impact on over-flown citizens, houses, quiet and natural areas should be fully taken into consideration by drone operators and local authorities when designing routes, procedures, and other operational practices.
56.Agencija EASA bi poleg tega morala še naprej razvijati ustrezne metodologije za modeliranje hrupa dronov in zrakoplovov eVTOL, ki bi jih morala Komisija upoštevati pri naslednji spremembi Priloge II k direktivi o okoljskem hrupu 48 , da bi skupne metode ocenjevanja hrupa prilagodila znanstvenemu in tehničnemu napredku.	56.EASA should also continue the development of suitable drone and eVTOL noise modelling methodologies, which should be taken into account by the Commission for the next amendment of Annex II of the Environment Noise Directive 48 for the purposes of adapting common noise assessment methods to scientific and technical progress.
57.Treba je bolje opredeliti priložnosti za inovativno zračno mobilnost in o njih bolje obveščati ter oblikovati način delovanja za zagotovitev sodelovanja med evropskimi, nacionalnimi in lokalnimi organi za obvladovanje družbenih in okoljskih vplivov. Da bi zagotovili širše sprejemanje, je treba zadevnim osebam zagotoviti izčrpne in pregledne informacije o tehnologiji in vrsti operacij ter o vplivu na okolje, pristojni organi pa bi si morali prizadevati za njihovo vključitev v načrtovani postopek izvajanja z uporabo mehanizmov lokalnega participativnega posvetovanja. Da bi to dosegli, bo Komisija 49 na podlagi pobude Evropskega parlamenta financirala razvoj spletne platforme agencije EASA kot pilotnega projekta Sustainable IAM Hub (trajnostno vozlišče za inovativno zračno mobilnost), ki bi organom, mestom, industriji in drugim deležnikom zagotavljala podporo pri izvajanju inovativne zračne mobilnosti. Ta evropska medsektorska platforma za upravljanje inovativne zračne mobilnosti bi morala omogočiti sodelovanje, povezovanje in usklajevanje med različnimi deležniki. Ta platforma bi morala prispevati tudi k izboljšanju seznanjenosti javnosti z okoljskim vplivom dronov.	57.There is a need to better define and communicate on Innovative Air Mobility opportunities, and create a modus operandi to ensure collaboration between European, national, and local authorities to manage societal and environmental impacts. To ensure broader acceptance, comprehensive and transparent information about the technology and the type of operations involved and about the environmental impact should be provided to the people concerned, and competent authorities should seek to involve them in the planned implementation process through the utilisation of local participatory consultation mechanisms. To achieve this, the Commission 49 , on the basis of the European Parliament initiative, will fund the development by EASA of an online platform as a “pilot project Sustainable IAM Hub” that would provide support to the authorities, cities, industry and other stakeholders for Innovative Air Mobility implementation. This European cross-sectorial governance platform for Innovative Air Mobility should enable engagement, alignment, and coordination between the different stakeholders. This platform should also contribute to increasing public knowledge on the environmental impact of drones.
Vodilni ukrep 7: Komisija bo financirala vzpostavitev spletne platforme za podporo organom, skupnostim, občinam, industriji in deležnikom pri trajnostnemu izvajanju inovativne zračne mobilnosti.	Flagship action 7: The Commission will fund the creation of an online platform to support a sustainable IAM implementation by authorities, communities, municipalities, industry and stakeholders.
58.Nazadnje, pričakuje se, da se bo sektor dronov hitro povečeval, pri čemer faza konca življenjskega kroga teh zrakoplovov povzroča tudi pomembne okoljske izzive. V skladu z akcijskim načrtom za krožno gospodarstvo, ki ga je sprejela Komisija 50 , ter strategijo za trajnostno in pametno mobilnost bi se moral sektor dronov usmeriti k modelom krožnega gospodarstva, ki zajemajo zlasti proizvodnjo zrakoplovov, baterij in drugih elektronskih komponent, da se zagotovita njihovo recikliranje ter zmanjšanje emisij obsega 2 in 3 na minimum. To je še toliko bolj pomembno, ker izboljšana krožna uporaba materialov ponuja tudi priložnost za ustvarjanje novih dobavnih verig, delovnih mest ter povečanje odpornosti, konkurenčnosti in inovativnosti evropskih proizvajalcev.	58.Finally, the drone sector is expected to increase at a fast pace and the end-of-life stage of these aircraft also raises important environmental challenges. In line with the Circular Economy Action Plan adopted by the Commission 50 and the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, the drone sector should move towards Circular Economy models covering notably the production of the aircraft, batteries and other electronic components to ensure their recycling and ensure that scope 2 and scope 3 emissions are reduced to a minimum. This is all the more important as improved circular use of materials, also offer the opportunity to create new supply chains, jobs and to increase the resilience, competitiveness and innovation of European manufacturers.
5.Spodbujanje človeške razsežnosti (znanje, usposabljanje, spretnosti, kompetence)	5.Promoting the human dimension (knowledge, training, skills, competences)
59.Zagotavljanje varnosti rekreativnih in profesionalnih operacij z droni pomeni, da so se morali piloti na daljavo udeležiti ustreznega teoretičnega in praktičnega usposabljanja v skladu s stopnjo tveganja operacij. Da bi zagotovili, da imajo piloti na daljavo ustrezno raven znanja in spretnosti v skladu z nenehnim napredovanjem tehnološkega razvoja, so potrebne nove spretnosti in kompetence, kot so tiste, ki jih imajo strokovnjaki za drone. Na začetku bo „certificirana“ kategorija vključevala dve različni vrsti pilotskih licenc, eno za upravljanje zrakoplova VTOL s pilotom na krovu in eno za upravljanje brezpilotnega zrakoplova kot pilot na daljavo, ki lahko upravlja en dron naenkrat ali nadzoruje več dronov hkrati, med drugim različnih vrst in različnih upravljavcev. Zaradi prihodnjih avtonomnih operacij bi bilo treba prednostno usposabljati tudi osebje upravljavcev inovativne zračne mobilnosti.	59.Guaranteeing the safety of recreational and professional drone operations means remote pilots must have received an adequate theoretical and practical training, according to the risk level of the operations. To ensure that remote pilots have the requisite level of knowledge and skills in line with continuous advancing technological development, new skills and competences such as those of drone specialists are needed. Initially, the ‘certified’ category will involve two different types of pilot licences. One for flying a ‘VTOL aircraft’ with an on-board pilot and one for flying an ‘unmanned aircraft’ as a remote pilot who may control one drone at a time, or control several drones simultaneously, also of different types and from different operators. Training should also be given as a priority to Innovative Air Mobility operators’ personnel in view of future autonomous operations.
Vodilni ukrep 8: Komisija namerava sprejeti nove zahteve glede usposabljanja in kompetenc pilotov na daljavo in pilotov zrakoplovov VTOL 51 .	Flagship action 8: The Commission intends to adopt new training and competences requirements for remote pilots and pilots of VTOL aircraft 51 .
60.Za ohranitev vodilnega položaja Evrope v različnih segmentih sektorja dronov, tj. zračnih storitev, inovativne zračne mobilnosti in sistema U-space, je potrebna tudi visoko izobražena, usposobljena in izkušena delovna sila. V vseh državah članicah bi bilo treba vzpostaviti programe izobraževanja in usposabljanja, specifične za tehnologije v zvezi z droni, regulativni okvir in razvoj načrtov za trajnostno mobilnost v mestih. Takšni akademski in poklicni programi za mlade učence in delavce po vsej Evropi bi spodbujali kompetence in tehnološki napredek, hkrati pa povečali ozaveščenost javnosti in sprejemanje koristnosti dronov. K temu razvoju bi lahko pripomoglo tudi vključevanje socialnih partnerjev.	60.Maintaining European leadership in the different drone sector segments i.e. aerial services, Innovative Air Mobility, U-space, also requires a highly educated, qualified and experienced workforce. Education and training programmes specific to drone technologies, the regulatory framework and the development of SUMPs should be set up in all Member States. Such academic and vocational programmes for both young learners and workers across Europe would foster the competences and technological progress but also increase the public awareness and acceptance of drone utility. The involvement of social partners could also contribute to this development.
61.Partnerstva med raziskovalnimi ustanovami, univerzami in industrijo na področju izobraževanja bi morala olajšati pretok strokovnjakov med temi sektorji, kar bo na koncu zelo koristno za razvoj evropskega sektorja dronov. To bi moralo vključevati tudi razvoj znanj in spretnosti prek obsežnega partnerstva na področju vesoljske industrije in obrambe 52 v okviru pakta za znanja in spretnosti.	61.Partnerships between research, universities and industry on education should facilitate the movement of experts between these sectors, which at the end would be very beneficial for the development of the European drone sector. This should also include skills development via the Large Scale Partnership on Aerospace and Defence 52 in the framework of the Pact for Skills.
62.Da bi preprečili tveganje pomanjkanja regulativnih strokovnjakov za drone in njihove operacije na ravni lokalnih in nacionalnih organov, bi morale države članice podpirati nacionalne organe za letalstvo pri pridobivanju kompetenc, ki odražajo visoko digitalno in avtomatizirano naravo tehnologij, na katerih temeljijo operacije z droni in izvajanje služb U-space. Poleg teh tehničnih kompetenc bi se morali nacionalni organi za letalstvo prilagajati spreminjajočemu se okolju in biti usposobljeni za nemoteno upravljanje odobritev SORA, vzpostavitev zračnega prostora U-space ter certificiranje in spremljanje skladnosti operaterjev sistemov brezpilotnih zrakoplovov, skupnih informacijskih služb in izvajalcev služb U-space.	62.To overcome the risk of shortage of regulatory experts in drones and drone operations at both local and national authorities’ level, Member States should support National Aviation Authorities (NAAs) to gain the competences that reflect the highly digital and automated nature of the technologies underpinning drone operations and U-space services provision. Beyond these technical competences, NAAs should adapt to the changing environment and should be put in the position to smoothly manage SORA approvals, U-space airspace establishment and certification & compliance monitoring of UAS operators, Common Information Services and U-space service providers.
63.Države članice bi morale zagotoviti zadostno usposabljanje ustreznega osebja, vključno z lokalnimi organi, da se poveča njihova pripravljenost za prepoznavanje in odzivanje na grožnje, ki jih pomenijo nekooperativni droni.	63.Member States should ensure sufficient training for relevant personnel, including local authorities, to increase their preparedness to identify and respond to non-cooperative drone threats.
B. Krepitev zmogljivosti in sinergij evropske civilne, varnostne in obrambne industrije	B. Strengthening European civil, security and defence industry capabilities and synergies
64.Glede na potencial tehnologije v zvezi z droni za razvoj inovativnih primerov uporabe tako na civilnem kot tudi na obrambnem in varnostnem področju lahko sektor dronov pomembno prispeva k odprti strateški avtonomiji Evrope. Zato je izjemno pomembno, da evropska podjetja ohranijo in okrepijo svojo konkurenčnost na področju proizvodnje dronov in zagotavljanja storitev z droni.	64.Given drone technology’s potential for developing both innovative civilian as well as defence and security use cases, the drone sector can make an important contribution to Europe’s open strategic autonomy. It is therefore of utmost importance that European companies maintain and enhance their competitiveness, both as regards the production of drones and the provision of services using them.
65.Za to je treba vzpostaviti ustrezen omogočitveni okvir v celotnem inovacijskem ciklu, od raziskav do testiranja in predstavitvenih dejavnosti, ter ohraniti vodilno vlogo Evrope pri določanju standardov za hitro razvijajoče se tehnologije v zvezi z droni.	65.This requires having in place the right enabling framework throughout the innovation cycle, from research, to testing and demonstration activities, as well as retaining European leadership when it comes to setting standards for rapidly evolving drone technologies.
66.Poleg tega je lahko pomemben dejavnik uspeha izkoriščanje sinergij med civilno in vojaško uporabo dronov in tehnologij v zvezi z njimi, vključno z rešitvami za boj proti dronom, da se odkrijejo in ublažijo grožnje, ki jih pomenijo operacije z droni. Številne tehnologije v zvezi z droni, ki so ključne za varnost in obrambo, že zdaj vse bolj izvirajo s civilnega področja in uporabljajo ključne komponente z dvojno rabo. Za pospeševanje inovacij na različnih področjih in spodbujanje tehnološke suverenosti je potrebna boljša izmenjava med civilnimi skupnostmi ter raziskovalnimi in inovacijskimi skupnostmi na področju obrambe. Za to bosta potrebni učinkovitejša raba virov in pripravljenost za proučitev možnosti dvojne rabe. To pomeni tudi zmanjšanje strateških odvisnosti in ranljivosti vrednostnih in dobavnih verig, povezanih s temi tehnologijami.	66.In addition, reaping synergies between the civil and military use of drones and drone-related technologies, including counter-drone solutions to detect and mitigate threats posed by drone operations, can be an important success factor. Already today, many critical drone technologies for security and defence increasingly originate in the civilian domain and use critical components of a dual-use nature. To accelerate innovation across domains and foster technological sovereignty, better exchange between civilian and defence research and innovation communities is needed. This will require a more efficient use of resources and a readiness to explore the opportunities of dual-use. It also means reducing strategic dependencies and vulnerabilities of the value and supply chains associated with these technologies.
1.Zagotavljanje financiranja	1.Providing funding and financing
67.Komisija je na podlagi zaporednih okvirnih programov EU za raziskave in inovacije financirala različne raziskovalne in inovacijske projekte, povezane z droni. Podpora raziskavam v sektorju dronov je bila v preteklosti precejšnja in ključna za njihovo zgodnjo uvedbo.	67.The Commission has funded various drones-related research and innovation projects through successive EU Research & Innovation (R&I) framework programmes. The support for research in the drone sector has been substantial in the past and critical for an early deployment.
68.Unija je od leta 2003 v razvoj dronov ali inovativne načine njihove uporabe skupno vložila skoraj 980 milijonov EUR. V okviru raziskav in inovacij je financirala 320 projektov, povezanih s sektorjem dronov.	68.From 2003 onwards, the Union invested a total budget of almost € 980 million in the development or use of drones for innovative applications. It funded 320 projects relating to the drone sector under the R&I.
69.Prizadevanja se bodo nadaljevala v okviru sedanjega okvirnega programa za raziskave in inovacije Obzorje Evropa 53 , ki vključuje sofinancirano pobudo Skupnega podjetja SESAR 3 54 , katere cilj je razviti ekosistem na področju raziskav in inovacij, ki bo zajemal celotne vrednostne verige upravljanja zračnega prometa in zračnega prostora U-space, kar bo omogočilo potrebno sodelovanje in usklajevanje med izvajalci navigacijskih služb zračnega prometa in uporabniki zračnega prostora za zagotovitev enotnega in usklajenega sistema upravljanja zračnega prometa v Uniji za operacije zrakoplovov s posadko in brez nje. Program Obzorje Evropa vključuje tudi specifično financiranje raziskav in inovacij na področju zmogljivosti dronov in zmogljivosti za boj proti dronom, med drugim za civilno varnost (preprečevanje, odkrivanje in preiskovanje kaznivih dejanj, upravljanje meja ter civilna zaščita) 55 . Poleg tega se v delovnih programih programa Obzorje Evropa podpira razvoj načinov uporabe dronov, specifičnih za posamezne sektorje in primere uporabe 56 .	69.The effort will continue under the current Horizon Europe R&I framework programme 53 that includes the co-funded SESAR 3 Joint Undertaking 54 initiative which aims to develop a research and innovation ecosystem covering the entire ATM and U-space airspace value chains, enabling the collaboration and coordination needed between air navigation services providers and airspace users to ensure a single harmonised Union ATM system for both manned and unmanned operations. Horizon Europe also includes specific research and innovation funding on drone and counter-drone capabilities, including for civil security (law enforcement, border management and civil protection) 55 . Moreover, across Horizon Europe work programmes the development of sector and use-case specific drone applications is supported. 56
70.Evropski obrambni sklad 57 in njegovi predhodni programi spodbujajo in podpirajo skupne čezmejne raziskave in razvoj na področju obrambe. Evropski obrambni sklad dopolnjuje in krepi prizadevanja držav članic ter spodbuja sodelovanje med podjetji in raziskovalnimi akterji vseh velikosti in geografskega izvora v EU. Iz predhodnih programov Evropskega obrambnega sklada se je v okviru raziskovalnih in razvojnih projektov na področju obrambe financiralo že devet projektov, povezanih z droni, s skupnim proračunom skoraj 200 milijonov EUR.	70.The European Defence Fund (EDF) 57 and its precursor programmes incentivises and supports collaborative, cross-border research and development in the area of defence. Complementing and amplifying Member States’ efforts, EDF promotes cooperation among companies and research actors of all sizes and geographic origin in the EU. The EDF precursor programmes have already funded nine drone-related projects in the framework of defence research and development projects with total budget of close to EUR 200 million.
71.Za obdobje 2021–2027 je Evropskemu obrambnemu skladu namenjen proračun v višini skoraj 8 milijard EUR: 2,7 milijarde EUR za financiranje skupnih obrambnih raziskav in 5,3 milijarde EUR za financiranje skupnih projektov za razvoj zmogljivosti, ki dopolnjujejo nacionalne prispevke. Ta se izvršuje z letnimi delovnimi programi, ki se oblikujejo v tesnem sodelovanju z državami članicami. V okvirni večletni perspektivi za obdobje 2021–2027 je opredeljen na primer razvoj prototipa MALE (brezpilotni zrakoplov za srednje višine in z dolgo avtonomijo), prototipa RPAS (sistem daljinsko pilotiranega zrakoplova), prototipa HAPS (sistemi ploščadnih postaj na veliki višini), prototipa taktičnega RPAS ter zmogljivosti „zaznavanja in izogibanja“ (Detect and Avoid) 58 za obsežno vključitev v platforme.	71.A budget of close to € 8 billion for 2021-2027 is dedicated to the European Defence Fund: € 2,7 billion to fund collaborative defence research and € 5.3 billion to fund collaborative capability development projects complementing national contributions. This is implemented through annual work programmes that are developed in close cooperation with the Member States. The indicative multiannual perspective for 2021-2027 identifies e.g. development of a MALE (medium altitude long endurance), RPAS (remotely piloted aircraft system) prototype, a HAPS (high altitude platform systems) prototype, a tactical RPAS prototype and Detect and Avoid 58 capabilities for extensive integration in platforms.
Vodilni ukrep 9: Komisija namerava v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa in Evropskega obrambnega sklada še naprej financirati raziskave in inovacije na področju dronov in njihovo vključevanje v zračni prostor.	Flagship action 9: The Commission intends to continue to provide funding for R&I on drones and their integration into the airspace under the Horizon Europe programme and the European Defence Fund.
72.Evropska investicijska banka (EIB) financira projekte o dronih z uporabo številnih prilagojenih finančnih produktov, kot so posojila ali tvegani dolg. Financiranje se lahko uporabi za raziskave in razvoj ali/in za povečanje proizvodnje dronov in operacij z njimi. Skupna pobuda Komisije in EIB, svetovalna platforma za naložbe v drone 59 , olajšuje dostop do EIB, njenih svetovalnih storitev in mehanizmov financiranja.	72.The European Investment Bank (EIB) finances drone projects by using a wide range of adapted financial products such as loans or venture debt. Funding can be used for research and development, or/and to ramp-up drone production and operations. The joint Commission and EIB initiative, the Drone Investment Advisory Platform 59 , facilitates the access to the EIB, its advisory services and funding mechanisms.
73.EIB je leta 2022 začela izvajati strateško evropsko varnostno pobudo, katere cilj je mobilizirati naložbe v podporo evropskim varnostnim in obrambnim sistemom z dvojno rabo s podpiranjem evropske tehnološke industrije in civilne varnostne infrastrukture s poudarkom na kibernetski varnosti in prelomnih nastajajočih tehnologijah.	73.In 2022, EIB launched the Strategic European Security Initiative which aims to mobilise investment in support of Europe’s dual-use security and defence systems by backing Europe’s technology industry and civilian security infrastructure with focus on cybersecurity and disruptive emerging technologies.
74.Svetovalno vozlišče InvestEU, ki dopolnjuje sklad InvestEU 60 , podpira opredelitev, pripravo in razvoj naložbenih projektov, vključno v zvezi z droni, po vsej Evropski uniji.	74.The InvestEU Advisory Hub, which complements the InvestEU Fund 60 , is supporting the identification, preparation and development of investment projects, including drones, across the European Union.
75.Čeprav so v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa, Evropskega obrambnega sklada, EIB in drugih programov financiranja že na voljo precejšnja sredstva EU, so ta sredstva pogosto usmerjena v posebno razvojno fazo vrednostne verige ali pa so specifična za civilni ali vojaški sektor. To lahko privede do pomanjkanja financiranja na nekaterih ravneh tehnološke pripravljenosti ali do razdrobljenih raziskovalnih prizadevanj, ki potekajo v „silosih“. Da bi rešili to težavo, bi bilo treba z usklajenim sklopom razpisov v okviru obstoječih instrumentov EU in posojili EIB podpreti nov vodilni projekt o tehnologijah v zvezi z droni, na primer tovorni dron, ki bi dokazal koncept sinergij na poti od raziskav in razvoja do uvedbe prek javnih naročil 61 .	75.While there is already a substantial EU funding available through Horizon Europe, EDF, EIB and other funding programmes, these funds often target a specific development phase of the value chain or are specific to the civil or military sector. This can lead to the lack of financing at some technology readiness levels or a fragmented research efforts taking place in silos. To address this problem, a coordinated series of calls of existing EU instruments and EIB loans should support a new flagship project on ‘drone technologies’, for example a cargo drone, that would prove the concept of synergies along the pathway from R&D to deployment through public procurement. 61 .
Vodilni ukrep 10: Komisija namerava pripraviti usklajen niz razpisov v okviru obstoječih instrumentov EU in posojil EIB za podporo novemu vodilnemu projektu o tehnologijah v zvezi z droni.	Flagship action 10: The Commission intends to set up a coordinated series of calls under the existing EU instruments and EIB loans to support a new flagship project on ‘drone technologies’.
76.Izkušnje v prvem letu novega večletnega finančnega okvira v okviru civilne, obrambne in vesoljske industrije so pokazale, kje se pojavljajo ovire pri uporabi ustreznih skupnih določb temeljnih aktov programov. Odprava ovir (ob hkratnem upoštevanju določb temeljnih aktov) lahko omogoči boljše izkoriščanje možnih sinergij: horizontalno med programi raziskav in razvoja (npr. posebnim programom Obzorje Evropa in Evropskim inštitutom za inovacije in tehnologijo z Evropskim obrambnim skladom), vertikalno (med programi raziskav in razvoja ter programi uvajanja, kot sta program Digitalna Evropa ali Sklad za notranjo varnost), pa tudi s projekti, ki se financirajo v okviru deljenega upravljanja (kot so evropski strukturni in investicijski skladi), ali mehanizmom za okrevanje in odpornost. Poleg tega ni okvira za neposredno podporo raziskavam za dvojno rabo. Prav tako so v posojilni politiki Evropske investicijske banke še vedno omejitve za obrambni sektor. To lahko privede do razdrobljenih in neučinkovitih storitev EU za financiranje projektov za dvojno rabo, ki se v EU pogosto začnejo kot civilni raziskovalni projekti in se pozneje razvijejo v civilne in vojaške izdelke z dvojno rabo.	76.Experience during the first year of the new Multiannual Financing Framework, in the context of civil, defence and space industries, identified points of blockage in the application of the relevant common provisions in the programmes’ basic acts. Removing obstacles (while still respecting provisions of basic acts) may allow to better exploit possible synergies: horizontally between R&I programmes (e.g. the Horizon Europe specific programme and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology with the European Defence Fund), vertically (between R&I and deployment programmes such as Digital Europe Programme or Internal Security Fund), as well as with projects funded under shared management (such as the European Structural and Investment Funds) or with the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Furthermore, there is no framework for direct support for dual-use research. Similarly, the European Investment Bank’s lending policy still has restrictions for the defence sector. This can lead to fragmented and inefficient EU funding services for dual use projects which in the EU often start as civil research projects and later develop to dual-use civil and military products.
77.Da bi olajšali izmenjave med civilnim in obrambnim sektorjem, zlasti na področju kritičnih tehnologij, je zato treba proučiti učinkovitost možnosti financiranja v okviru obstoječega pravnega okvira ter razmisliti o ustreznosti razvoja prožnejših programov financiranja EU in finančnih instrumentov za projekte v zvezi z droni z dvojno rabo.	77.In order to facilitate exchanges between civilian and defence sectors, especially in the area of critical technologies, there is thus a need to explore the efficiency of the funding possibilities under the existing legal framework and to consider the appropriateness to develop more flexible EU funding programmes and financing instruments for dual-use drone projects.
Vodilni ukrep 11: Komisija bo proučila morebitne spremembe obstoječega okvira financiranja 62 , da bi zagotovila dosleden pristop k podpori raziskavam in inovacijam z dvojno rabo ter izboljšala sinergije med civilnimi in obrambnimi instrumenti.	Flagship action 11: The Commission will consider possible amendments to the existing financing/funding framework 62 to ensure a consistent approach in support of dual-use research and innovation to improve synergies between civil and defence instruments.
2.Opredelitev strateških tehnoloških gradnikov in tehnoloških omogočitvenih dejavnikov	2.Identifying strategic technology building blocks and technology enablers
78.Droni, operacije z droni in upravljanje prometa z droni so zapleten ekosistem tehnoloških komponent in platform za izmenjavo informacij, za katere so potrebni visoko optimizirani, varni in zanesljivi elementi, kot so sistemi za krmarjenje leta, kibernetsko varne podatkovne povezave in povezljivost, odporna navigacija, sistemi zaznavanja in izogibanja, električni in hibridni pogon, baterije in upravljanje oskrbe z energijo, avtonomni let in sistemi za upravljanje nalog.	78.Drones, drone operations and drone traffic management are a complex ecosystem of technology components and information exchange platforms, requiring highly optimised, safe, and secure elements such as flight control systems, cyber-secure datalinks and connectivity, resilient navigation, Detect & Avoid systems, electrical and hybrid propulsion, batteries and power management, autonomous flight and mission management systems.
79.Pomembno je opredeliti kritične tehnološke gradnike, ki odločilno prispevajo k inovativnemu in konkurenčnemu ekosistemu dronov. Delni razlog za nekatere obstoječe strateške odvisnosti EU od tretjih držav v tem sektorju je pomanjkanje predvidevanja vse večjega pomena daljinsko vodenih sistemov. EU potrebuje bolj strukturirano predvidevanje in strateški razmislek o kritičnih tehnologijah v zvezi z droni, da bi opredelila prednostna področja za spodbujanje raziskav in inovacij, zmanjšala sedanje strateške odvisnosti in preprečila nastajanje novih.	79.It is important to identify critical technology building blocks that contribute decisively to the innovative and competitive drone ecosystem. Lack of foresight on the increasing importance of remotely piloted systems is in part a reason for some of the EU’s existing strategic dependencies on third countries in this sector. The EU needs more structured foresight and strategic reflection on critical drone technologies in order to identify priority areas to boost research and innovation, reduce existing strategic dependencies and avoid the emergence of new ones.
80.Podobno je treba opredeliti ključne osnovne tehnološke omogočitvene dejavnike, kot so umetna inteligenca, robotika, polprevodniki, baterije, vesoljske storitve EU in mobilne telekomunikacije. Operativna komunikacija in komunikacija koristne vsebine z droni ter rešitve za upravljanje prometa z droni bodo imele koristi od pasovne širine in izjemno zanesljive nizke stopnje zakasnitve mobilnega omrežja 5G in prihodnjega mobilnega omrežja 6G. Da bi zadovoljili visoke zahteve po pasovni širini sistemov 5G in prihodnjega sistema 6G, je ključna učinkovita uporaba omejenih virov spektra.	80.Similarly, it is important to identify key underlying technology enablers such as AI, robotics, semi-conductors, batteries, EU space services and mobile telecommunications. Drone operational and payload communication, as well as drone traffic management solutions, will benefit from the bandwidth and ultra-reliable low latency of 5G and future 6G cellular networks. To satisfy the high bandwidth demands of 5G and upcoming 6G systems, it is crucial to efficiently use the limited spectrum resources.
81.Komisija je že sprejela ukrepe za zagotavljanje, da bodo evropsko znanje in proizvodne zmogljivosti zadostili potrebam evropske industrije. Podprla je na primer ustanovitev evropskega zavezništva za baterije 63 , katerega cilj je zagotoviti, da se EU lahko zanaša na domačo vrednostno verigo baterij. Zagotoviti je treba, da bodo potrebe evropskega sektorja dronov ustrezno upoštevane v okviru te in podobnih pobud na evropski in svetovni ravni.	81.The Commission has already taken steps to ensure that the European knowhow and manufacturing capacity would be there to meet European industry needs. For example, the Commission has supported the setting up of a European Battery Alliance 63 , which aims to ensure that the EU can rely on a domestic battery value chain. It is necessary to ensure that the needs of the European drone sector are well covered within this and similar initiatives at the European level and globally.
Vodilni ukrep 12: Komisija namerava pripraviti strateški tehnološki kažipot za drone, da bi opredelila prednostna področja za spodbujanje raziskav in inovacij, zmanjšala sedanje strateške odvisnosti in preprečila nastajanje novih.	Flagship action 12: The Commission intends to develop a Strategic Drone Technology Roadmap in order to identify priority areas to boost research and innovation, reduce existing strategic dependencies and avoid the emergence of new ones.
Vodilni ukrep 13: Komisija namerava z drugimi ustreznimi akterji EU uskladiti skupni pristop, da se zagotovi zadosten radiofrekvenčni spekter za operacije z droni.	Flagship action 13: The Commission intends to coordinate with other relevant EU actors a common approach with the aim of providing sufficient radio frequencies spectrum for drone operations.
3.Omogočanje testiranja in predstavitev	3.Enabling testing and demonstrations
82.Za drone in operacije z njimi na ravni EU in nacionalni ravni veljajo številne pravne zahteve, katerih namen je zagotoviti varnost izdelkov in okolja, v katerem delujejo. Testiranje in predstavitev letenja imata pomembno vlogo pri varnih raziskavah in razvoju novih prototipov dronov, in sicer pri prehodu s koncepta na uvajanje ali pri predstavitvi novega poslovnega primera. Za predstavitev tehničnih zmogljivosti dronov in primerov njihove uporabe bi lahko uporabili lokalne lokacije, s čimer bi pomagali zagotoviti potrebno podporo lokalnih in nacionalnih organov.	82.Drones and drone operations at the EU and national level are subject to numerous legal requirements that are intended to ensure the safety of the products and the environment in which they operate. Flight testing and demonstration plays an important role for safe research and development of new drone prototypes when moving from concept to deployment or when demonstrating a new business case. Local sites could be used to demonstrate the technical capabilities of drones and their use cases and by doing so, help to secure the necessary support from local and national authorities.
83.Zmogljivosti za testiranje in predstavitve so redke ter niso vedno na voljo, zlasti v gosteje naseljenih državah članicah. Poleg tega značilnosti lokalnega zračnega prostora in sezonske vremenske razmere morda ne izpolnjujejo želenih zahtev glede testiranja ali predstavitev. Izvajanje testnih letov na lokacijah v državi članici, ki ni država registracije, je sicer mogoče, vendar lahko zaradi različnih postopkov pridobivanja dovoljenj postane upravno ozko grlo, s čimer se upočasni napredek.	83.Test and demonstration facilities are scarce and not always available, particularly in the more densely populated Member States. Furthermore, the local airspace characteristics and seasonal weather conditions might not be meeting the desired testing or demonstration requirements. Performing flight tests in sites located in a Member State other than the one of a state of registration, while possible, can become an administrative bottleneck due to different procedures in obtaining permissions, thus slowing down progress.
84.Boljša razpoložljivost in geografska porazdelitev testnih lokacij v EU bi omogočili razvoj tehnologije za zrakoplove brez posadke, in sicer za digitalno infrastrukturo in tehnologijo zračnih plovil. Koristno bi bilo tudi vzpostaviti mrežo takšnih testnih in predstavitvenih lokacij po vsej Evropi.	84.Better availability and geographic distribution of test sites across the EU would be an enabling factor for unmanned technology development, both for the digital infrastructure and vehicle technology. It would also be useful to create a network of such test and demonstration sites across Europe.
Ker so zmogljivosti zračnega prostora in letališč dragocene, bi bilo treba v največji možni meri izkoristiti vojaške zmogljivosti, da bi omogočili dvojno rabo določenih delov zračnega prostora ter spodbujali usklajeno testiranje med civilnimi in vojaškimi akterji ter upravljavci.	Moreover, since airspace and airfield facilities are at a premium, maximum use should be made of military facilities to enable dual-use of defined airspace volumes as well as to promote harmonised testing between civil, military and operators.
Vodilni ukrep 14: Komisija namerava vzpostaviti mrežo EU za civilno-obrambne centre za testiranje dronov, da bi olajšala izmenjave med civilnim in obrambnim sektorjem.	Flagship action 14: The Commission intends to set up an EU network on civil-defence drone testing centres to facilitate exchanges between civilian and defence sectors.
85.Podpreti bi bilo treba prizadevanja mestnih organov za hitrejše uvajanje inovativnih zračnih storitev, vendar ne le s finančnega vidika. ELTIS, evropska opazovalna skupina za mobilnost v mestih 64 , že omogoča izmenjavo informacij, znanja in izkušenj na področju trajnostne mobilnosti v mestih. Pobuda UIC2 65 vključuje več kot 40 mest ali regij po vsej EU, ki razvijajo različne projekte, od projektov manjšega obsega (dostava medicinskih izdelkov) do večjih ekosistemov zračne mobilnosti v mestih, da bi zagotovili testna okolja za inovativno zračno mobilnost po vsej Evropi.	85.City authorities’ efforts to speed up the adoption of Innovative Aerial Services should be supported, but not only from a financial point of view. ELTIS, the European urban mobility observatory 64 , already facilitates the exchange of information, knowledge, and experience in the field of sustainable urban mobility. The UIC2 initiative 65 involves more than 40 cities or regions across the EU that are developing projects ranging from small scale projects (medical product deliveries) to larger Urban Air Mobility ecosystems with the goal of providing testbeds for Innovative Air Mobility across Europe.
86.Z razvojem novih tehnologij v zvezi z droni postaja organizacija testiranj in predstavitev vse bolj zapletena. To je delno posledica potrebnega postopka operativne odobritve, ki je lahko dolgotrajen in drag, včasih nesorazmerno drag za kratkotrajna preskušanja brez takojšnje komercialne uporabe. Zato bi morala agencija EASA poleg sodelovanja z deležniki iz industrije za olajšanje zračnih operacij razviti smernice za podporo operativni odobritvi operacij, ki se izvajajo za namene testiranja, eksperimentiranja ali predstavitve.	86.As new drone technologies develop, testing and demonstrations tend to become more complex to organise. This is due in part to the required operational approval process which can be long and expensive, sometimes disproportionally so for short-lived trials with no immediate commercial application. In addition to working with industry stakeholder to facilitate aerial operations, EASA should therefore develop guidelines to support the operational approval of operations conducted for the purpose of test, experimentation, or demonstration.
4.Spodbujanje skupnih standardov	4.Driving common standards
87.Tehnologije v zvezi z droni in primeri njihove uporabe se hitro razvijajo, novi izdelki pa prihajajo na trg vse hitreje. Da bi evropska industrija dronov ostala konkurenčna, mora biti sposobna slediti hitrim razvojnim in proizvodnim ciklom. Standardizacija in interoperabilnost omogočitvenih tehnoloških gradnikov sta ključna dejavnika za hitrejši razvoj izdelkov.	87.Drone technologies and their use cases are developing rapidly, with new products coming to the market with increasing speed. To stay competitive, the European drone industry needs to be able to meet the fast-paced development and production cycles. Standardisation and interoperability of the enabling technological building blocks are key enablers for faster product development.
88.Spodbujanje in uporaba skupnih standardov v evropskem civilnem, varnostnem in obrambnem sektorju dronov lahko prispevata k prihrankom pri stroških in času razvoja, zmanjšata tveganja, povečata produktivnost in olajšata dostop do novih trgov. Vse akterje je treba spodbujati k hitrejšemu razvoju standardov v sektorju, da se zagotovi ohranitev inovativnega tempa industrije dronov.	88.Promotion and application of common standards across the European civil, security and defence drone sector can contribute to savings in cost and development times, reduce risks, increase productivity and facilitate access to new markets. It is necessary to encourage quicker standards development in the sector by all actors to ensure that the innovative pace of the drone industry can be upheld.
89.Na področjih, kjer so tehnologije enake, področja uporabe pa zelo podobna, si je treba dejavno prizadevati za razvoj „hibridnih standardov“ 66 , tj. standardov, ki se uporabljajo za tehnologije v zvezi z droni v civilnem, varnostnem in obrambnem sektorju. To je mogoče doseči s spodbujanjem zadevnih akterjev, kot so agencija EASA, Evropska obrambna agencija (EDA), organizacija EUROCAE in nacionalni vojaški organi, da zahteve za certificiranje uporabe v civilne in vojaške namene dodatno uskladijo z zahtevami, ki jih je določila agencija EASA, ob sočasnem upoštevanju vojaških posebnosti in obstoječih vojaških standardov certificiranja. To bi bilo treba v največji možni meri opraviti v okviru obstoječih struktur, kot je skupina EUSCG, vključevati pa bi moralo opredeljevanje in usklajevanje skupnih standardov, skupno dogovorjene testne protokole in dobre prakse za zmanjšanje stroškov, povečanje interoperabilnosti, izboljšanje možnosti za sinergije in izboljšanje razumljivosti.	89.The development of 'hybrid standards' 66 , i.e. standards that apply to civil, security and defence drone technologies should be actively pursued in areas where technologies are the same and application areas are very similar. This can be done by encouraging relevant actors such as EASA, EDA, EUROCAE and national military authorities to further align certification requirements for civil and military applications towards those set by EASA while considering military specificities and existing military certification standards. To the extent possible, this should be done within existing structures such as EUSCG and include defining and coordinating common standards, commonly agreed testing protocols and best practices to reduce costs, increasing interoperability, improving the potential for synergies and enhancing comprehensibility.
Vodilni ukrep 15: Komisija bo vse zadevne akterje spodbujala, naj zahteve glede certificiranja za uporabo v civilne in vojaške namene dodatno uskladijo z zahtevami, ki jih je določila agencija EASA, ob sočasnem upoštevanju vojaških posebnosti in obstoječih vojaških standardov certificiranja.	Flagship action 15: The Commission will encourage all relevant actors to further align certification requirements for civil and military applications towards those set by EASA while considering military specificities and existing military certification standards.
Vodilni ukrep 16: Komisija namerava sprejeti nove standardne scenarije za civilne operacije, ki bi lahko olajšali ustrezne primere uporabe v vojaške namene 67 .	Flagship action 16: The Commission intends to adopt new standard scenarios for civil operations that could facilitate corresponding military use cases. 67
5.Povečanje zmogljivosti za boj proti dronom in odpornosti sistemov	5.Increasing counter-drone capabilities and system resilience
90.Droni so zelo inovativno orodje, ki se lahko uporablja za zakonite, vendar tudi zlonamerne namene, vključno z organiziranimi kriminalnimi dejavnostmi (npr. tihotapljenje blaga in migrantov) ter napadi na javne prostore, posameznike in kritično infrastrukturo (vključno z energetskimi, prometnimi in obmejnimi objekti). Čeprav je EU uredila zakonito uporabo dronov, ni posebnih pravil in smernic EU za preprečevanje njihove nepooblaščene ali celo kaznive uporabe. Zaradi hitrosti inovacij ter vse lažjega dostopa do komercialnih dronov in njihovih sestavnih delov se bo ta grožnja verjetno okrepila.	90.Drones are a highly innovative tool that can be used for legitimate but also malicious purposes, including organised criminal activities (e.g. smuggling of goods and migrants) as well as attacks on public spaces, individuals and critical infrastructure (including energy, transport and border facilities). While the EU has regulated the legitimate use of drones, there are no specific EU rules and guidelines on countering their unauthorised or even criminal use. The rapid pace of innovation and the increasingly easy access to commercial drones and their components means that the threat is likely to grow.
91.Za zaščito pred zlonamernimi in nekooperativnimi droni je potreben tudi dostop do cenovno dostopnih in zanesljivih tehnologij za protiukrepe. Vendar se nekatere države članice še vedno spoprijemajo z izzivi pri sproščanju potrebnih proračunskih sredstev, prilagajanju ali oblikovanju potrebnega regulativnega okvira in iskanju pravih (tehničnih) rešitev za obvladovanje grožnje nekooperativnih dronov. V skladu s predlagano direktivo 68 o odpornosti kritičnih subjektov bodo morale države članice izvajati ocene tveganja in jih uporabljati za opredelitev kritičnih subjektov, tudi v prometnem sektorju. V teh ocenah bi bilo treba upoštevati ustrezna tveganja, vključno s tveganji nekooperativnih dronov.	91.Protecting from malicious and non-cooperative drones also requires access to affordable and reliable counter-measure technologies. Some Member States are however still facing challenges with liberating the necessary budgets, adapting or creating the necessary regulatory framework and identifying the right (technical) solutions to be able to cope with the threat of non-cooperating drones. The proposed Directive 68 on the resilience of critical entities will oblige Member States to perform risk assessments and use them for the identification of critical entities, including in the transport sector. These assessments should account for the relevant risks, including those of non-cooperative drones.
92.EU je prek svojega programa za raziskave in inovacije na področju civilne varnosti (Obzorje 2020) ter Sklada za notranjo varnost – policija za obdobje 2014–2020 sofinancirala razvoj orodij, znanja in tehnologij za boj proti dronom. Ta prizadevanja se bodo nadaljevala v okviru sedanjega programa Obzorje Evropa, Sklada za notranjo varnost ter Instrumenta za finančno podporo za upravljanje meja in vizumsko politiko. Ti programi se dopolnjujejo, saj program Obzorje Evropa krepi raziskave in inovacije, medtem ko sta Sklad za notranjo varnost ter Instrument za finančno podporo za upravljanje meja in vizumsko politiko osredotočena na najrazličnejše vrste praktične uporabe za preprečevanje, odkrivanje in preiskovanje kaznivih dejanj ter upravljanje meja, kot so nakup opreme, spodbujanje in razvoj programov usposabljanja ter zagotavljanje upravnega in operativnega usklajevanja in sodelovanja.	92.Through its civil security research and innovation programme (Horizon 2020), as well as the Internal Security Fund (Police) for the period 2014-2020, the EU co-funded the development of counter-drone tools, knowledge and technologies. This effort will continue in the current Horizon Europe, the Internal Security Fund (ISF) and the Border Management and Visa Instrument (BMVI). These programmes are complimentary as Horizon Europe strengthens research and innovation, while the ISF and BMVI focuses on a wide range of practical applications for law enforcement and border management, such as the acquisition of equipment, promoting and developing training schemes and ensuring administrative and operational coordination and cooperation.
93.Tudi na tem področju bi bilo treba opredeliti in izkoristiti sinergije civilne, varnostne in obrambne industrije, saj bodo koristile vsem zadevnim sektorjem. S tem se bo izboljšala konkurenčnost evropske industrije in okrepila strateška avtonomija Evrope, saj se bodo države članice lahko opirale na konkurenčno tehnologijo za boj proti dronom, ki izvira iz EU.	93.Also here, civil, security and defence industry synergies should be identified and exploited as they will benefit all relevant sectors. This will improve the competitiveness of European industry and strengthen Europe's strategic autonomy, by allowing Member States to rely on competitive counter-drone technology of EU origin.
94.V strategiji EU za varnostno unijo iz leta 2020 69 in agendi za boj proti terorizmu 70 je navedeno, da je grožnja, ki jo pomenijo nekooperativni droni, v Evropi resna težava, ki jo je treba obravnavati. Zlasti v agendi za boj proti terorizmu se je Komisija zavezala, da bo proučila možnost objave smernic o tem, kako zaščititi mesta pred nekooperativnimi droni.	94.Both the 2020 EU Security Union Strategy 69 and the Counter-Terrorism Agenda 70 state that the threat from non-cooperative drones is a serious concern in Europe and needs to be addressed. In the Counter-Terrorism Agenda in particular, the Commission committed to look into the possibility of releasing guidance on how to secure cities from non-cooperative drones.
95.Da bi Komisija povezala vse različne pobude za boj proti dronom v EU, bo sprejela sveženj za boj proti dronom, v katerem bo opredelila prihodnjo politiko EU na tem področju. Poleg nadaljevanja namenskih ukrepov za operativno, tehnično in finančno podporo državam članicam bodo v svežnju med drugim napovedana prizadevanja za pripravo smernic EU za boj proti dronom, proučena pa bo tudi potreba po zakonodajnih ukrepih. Podporne dejavnosti bodo vključevale dva priročnika o zaščiti pred droni: priročnik o sistemih za boj proti brezpilotnim zrakoplovom za kritično infrastrukturo in javne prostore ter priročnik o načelih za fizično utrditev stavb in območij. Poleg tega bo ustanovila razširjeno tehnično strokovno skupino za prostovoljne standarde, ki bodo zajemali rešitve za boj proti dronom.	95.To tie together all the different counter-drone initiatives in the EU, the Commission will adopt a counter-drone (C-UAS) package outlining the EU’s future policy in this field. In addition of continuing the dedicated actions on operational, technical and financial support to Member States, the package will announce, among other things, work towards EU counter-drone guidelines and examine the need for legislative measures. Support activities will include two handbooks on protection against drones: a ‘Handbook on Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Critical Infrastructure and Public Spaces’ and a ‘Handbook on Principles for Physical Hardening of Buildings and Sites’. Furthermore, it will establish an enlarged technical expert group on voluntary standards to cover counter-drone solutions.
Vodilni ukrep 17: Komisija namerava sprejeti sveženj za boj proti dronom (C-UAS)	Flagship action 17: The Commission intends to adopt a counter-drone (C-UAS) package
96.Neodobreni droni lahko močno ovirajo delovanje letališč. V najslabšem primeru lahko ogrozijo tudi zrakoplove in potnike. Komisija je po incidentih, ki so se decembra 2018 zgodili na londonskem letališču Gatwick, podprla agencijo EASA pri pripravi nezavezujočih smernic, ki organom in letališčem pomagajo pri pripravi na incidente z droni, odzivanju nanje in odpravljanju njihovih posledic 71 . Čeprav je sektor te smernice pozitivno sprejel, te zaradi svoje svetovalne narave ne zadoščajo za ublažitev grožnje, ki se bo z vse večjo razširjenostjo in zmogljivostjo dronov verjetno še povečala.	96.Unauthorised drones can significantly disrupt airport operations. In the worst case, they can also endanger aircrafts and their occupants. Following the incidents that took place at London Gatwick airport in December 2018, the Commission supported EASA in developing non-binding guidelines helping authorities and airports to prepare, respond and recover from drone incidents 71 . While these guidelines were favourably received by the sector, their advisory nature makes them insufficient to mitigate a threat that is likely to grow as drones become more ubiquitous and capable.
Vodilni ukrep 18: Komisija namerava sprejeti spremembo pravil na področju varovanja v letalstvu, da bi zagotovila večjo odpornost letalskih organov in letališč ob tveganjih, ki jih pomenijo droni 72 .	Flagship action 18: The Commission intends to adopt an amendment to the aviation security rules aiming to ensure that aviation authorities and airports increase their resilience when faced with the risks posed by drones 72 .
97.Razvoj najsodobnejših dronov s strožjimi zahtevami glede kibernetske varnosti, zlasti v „odprti“ in „posebni“ kategoriji operacij, bi lahko industriji EU zagotovil konkurenčno prednost. Takšni kibernetsko odporni droni ne bi koristili le upravljavcem dronov, temveč tudi vsem subjektom, odgovornim za spremljanje uporabe zračnega prostora. Droni z višjo stopnjo kibernetske varnosti bi se lahko zahtevali za operacije v nekaterih zračnih prostorih, kar bi pripomoglo k ločevanju zakonito upravljanih dronov od nezakonito upravljanih. Droni, izdelani v skladu s specifičnimi zahtevami, na primer z zahtevo po zaščiteni komunikacijski povezavi, varni identifikaciji ali uporabi odprtokodne kode, in z uporabo odporne navigacije, ki jo omogočajo vesoljske storitve EU, bi lahko bili upravičeni do prostovoljne oznake „evropski zaupanja vreden dron“. Takšna oznaka bi uporabnikom zagotavljala, da so bili zadevni droni preverjeni in spoznani za dovolj varne, da se lahko uporabljajo za bolj kritične ali občutljive operacije, kar bi povečalo splošno odpornost sistema proti kibernetski kriminaliteti.	97.Developing state-of-the-art drones with higher cybersecurity requirements, particularly in the ‘open’ and ‘specific’ categories of operations, could provide a competitive edge for the EU industry. Such cyber-resilient drones would not only benefit drone operators but also all entities responsible for monitoring the use of airspace. Drones with a higher level of cybersecurity could be required for operations in some airspace, helping to separate legally operated drones from the illegal ones. Drones manufactured to comply with specific requirements, for example, with the requirement for a secured communication link, secure identification, or use of open-source code and, leveraging resilient navigation enabled by EU space services, could be eligible for a voluntary “European Trusted Drone” label. Such label would provide assurance to users that the corresponding drones have been vetted and found sufficiently secure to be used for more critical or sensitive operations, thereby increasing the overall resilience of the system to cybercrime.
Vodilni ukrep 19: Komisija namerava opredeliti merila za prostovoljno oznako „evropski zaupanja vreden dron“.	Flagship action 19: The Commission intends to define criteria for a voluntary “European Trusted Drone” label.
Sklep	Conclusion
98.V agendi o dvojnem zelenem in digitalnem prehodu je bilo pozvano k uporabi novih ukrepov za bolj trajnostno mobilnost in inovacije za izboljšanje učinkovitosti celotnega gospodarstva. Droni lahko na podlagi številnih primerov civilne, industrijske, varnostne in obrambne uporabe pripomorejo k pospeševanju razogljičenja in digitalizacije celotnega sistema prometa in mobilnosti, s čimer se zmanjša njegov negativen vpliv na okolje ter izboljšata varnost in zdravje naših državljanov.	98.The twin green and digital agenda gave a call to leverage new actions for more sustainable mobility and innovation to improve the efficiency of the overall economy. Through a multitude of civil, industrial, security and defence use-cases, drones may contribute to accelerating the decarbonisation and digitalisation of the entire transport and mobility system, reducing its negative impact on the environment and improving the safety and health of our citizens.
99.Sektor dronov, za katerega si prizadeva EU, se mora zavedati svojega vpliva na okolje, zlasti z vidika hrupa, porabe energije in vizualnih motenj. Komisija priznava, da bodo morali biti droni družbeno sprejeti, da bodo lahko v celoti koristili podjetjem in lokalnim skupnostim. Za to bo potrebno vnaprejšnje polno sodelovanje vseh zadevnih strani na lokalni, regionalni in nacionalni ravni, da bi zagotovili, da se lahko na mestnih in podeželskih območjih na pravičen in trajnosten način izvajajo varne in zanesljive operacije z droni.	99.The drone sector that the EU is striving for must be mindful of its environmental impact in terms of noise, energy consumption and visual nuisances in particular. The Commission acknowledges that drones will need to be socially accepted in order to play their full role for the benefit of businesses and local communities. This will require the full upfront involvement of all parties concerned at local, regional, and national levels to make sure that safe and secure drone operations can be deployed, both in urban and rural areas, in a fair and sustainable manner.
100.Vse več sektorjev se že ukvarja s tehnologijami v zvezi z droni. Za spodbujanje zasebnih naložb in razvoja novih inovativnih storitev za različne sektorje bi bilo treba zagotoviti pravno in tehnično varnost na podlagi usklajenega pristopa EU. V strategiji za drone 2.0 sta ključna dva povezana dejavnika: vzpostavitev trga storitev z droni v Uniji ter krepitev zmogljivosti in sinergij evropske civilne, varnostne in obrambne industrije. Izkoriščanje sinergij med civilno, varnostno in vojaško uporabo dronov in povezanih tehnologij, vključno z rešitvami za boj proti dronom, bo prispevalo k spodbujanju uvajanja inovativnih tehnologij in splošnemu razvoju sektorja v Evropi.	100.A growing number of sectors are already engaging with drone technologies. To encourage private investments and the development of new innovative services for different sectors, legal and technical certainty based on a harmonised EU approach should be ensured. Key in the Drone Strategy 2.0 are two related drivers: building the Union drone services market and strengthening European civil, security and defence industry capabilities and synergies. Reaping synergies between the civil, security and military use of drones and related technologies, including counter-drone solutions, will contribute to foster the uptake of innovative technologies and contribute to the overall development of the sector in Europe.
101.Gospodarsko vzdržen ekosistem dronov bo prispeval k izkoriščanju evropskih raziskav, inovacij in podjetništva za doseganje ciljev evropskega zelenega dogovora in programa Digitalna Evropa, kar je popolnoma v skladu z našo novo strategijo za rast za Evropo. Komisija predlaga celovit sklop ukrepov za okrepitev celotnega ekosistema dronov do leta 2030 s predlogi ukrepov, ki bodo olajšali prehod s predstavitev na obsežne komercialne operacije. Ta prizadevanja so lahko uspešna le, če bo zagotovljena zadostna vključenost vseh udeležencev, tj. evropskih institucij, držav članic in njihovih organov na vseh ravneh upravljanja, deležnikov in podjetij, pa tudi sodelovanje državljanov.	101.A viable drone eco-system will contribute to leverage European research, innovation, and entrepreneurship to achieve the objectives of the European Green Deal and Digital Europe, fully in line with our new growth strategy for Europe. The Commission is putting forward a comprehensive set of measures aimed at reinforcing the entire Drone eco-system by 2030 by proposing actions which will facilitate the move from demonstrations to large scale commercial operations. These efforts can only be successful if there is sufficient buy-in from all those concerned, namely European institutions, Member States and their authorities at all levels of government, stakeholders, businesses as well as citizens’ engagement.
Seznam vodilnih ukrepov, ki jih bo Evropska komisija izvedla za nadaljnje oblikovanje evropskega trga storitev z droni	List of Flagship Actions to be implemented by the European Commission to further build the European drone services market
Komisija namerava:	The Commission intends to:
§sprejeti spremembe standardiziranih evropskih pravil letenja in uredbe o upravljanju zračnega prometa/izvajanju navigacijskih služb zračnega prometa za varno vključitev operacij z droni in vodenih operacij z zrakoplovi eVTOL;	§adopt amendments to the Standardised European Rules of the Air and the Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation Services Regulation to safely integrate drone and piloted eVTOL operations;
§spodbujati usklajene raziskave o integriranih komunikacijskih, navigacijskih in nadzornih tehnologijah;	§promote coordinated research on integrated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies;
§sprejeti nove evropske standardne scenarije za zračne operacije z majhnim do srednjim tveganjem;	§adopt new European standard scenarios for low to medium risk aerial operations;
§sprejeti pravila za „certificirano“ kategorijo operacij z droni, ki bodo obravnavala začetno in stalno plovnost dronov, ki jih je treba certificirati, ter operativne zahteve, ki se uporabljajo za zrakoplove z možnostjo VTOL s posadko;	§adopt rules for the ‘certified’ category of drone operations, addressing the initial and continued airworthiness of drones subject to certification; and the operational requirements applicable to manned VTOL-capable aircraft;
§sprejeti pravila za načrtovanje in delovanje vertiportov v okviru področja uporabe osnovne uredbe o agenciji EASA;	§adopt rules for the design and operations of vertiports under the scope of EASA Basic Regulation;
§razviti uravnotežene ekonomske in finančne zahteve za licenciranje upravljavcev dronov;	§develop balanced economic and financial requirements for licensing of drone operators.
§financirati vzpostavitev spletne platforme za podporo organom, mestom, industriji in deležnikom pri trajnostnemu izvajanju inovativne zračne mobilnosti;	§fund the creation of an online platform to support a sustainable IAM implementation by authorities, cities, industry and stakeholders;
§sprejeti zahteve glede usposabljanja in kompetenc pilotov na daljavo in pilotov zrakoplovov VTOL.	§adopt training and competences requirements for remote pilots and pilots of VTOL aircraft.
Seznam ukrepov, ki jih bo Evropska komisija izvedla za krepitev zmogljivosti in sinergij evropske civilne, varnostne in obrambne industrije dronov	List of Actions to be implemented by the European Commission to strengthen the European drone civil, security and defence industry capabilities and synergies
Komisija namerava:	The Commission intends to:
§v okviru programa Obzorje Evropa in Evropskega obrambnega sklada še naprej financirati raziskave in inovacije na področju dronov in njihovo vključevanje v zračni prostor;	§continue to provide funding for R&I on drones and their integration into the airspace under the Horizon Europe programme and the European Defence Fund;
§pripraviti usklajen niz razpisov v okviru obstoječih instrumentov EU in posojil EIB za podporo novemu vodilnemu projektu o tehnologijah v zvezi z droni;	§set up a coordinated series of calls under the existing EU instruments and EIB loans to support a new flagship project on ‘drone technologies’;
§proučiti morebitne spremembe obstoječega okvira financiranja, da bi zagotovila dosleden pristop k podpori raziskavam in inovacijam z dvojno rabo ter izboljšala sinergije med civilnimi in obrambnimi instrumenti;	§consider possible amendments to the existing financing/funding framework to ensure a consistent approach in support of dual-use research and innovation to improve synergies between civil and defence instruments;
§pripraviti strateški tehnološki kažipot za drone, da bi opredelila prednostna področja za spodbujanje raziskav in inovacij, zmanjšala sedanje strateške odvisnosti in preprečila nastajanje novih;	§develop a Strategic Drone Technology Roadmap in order to identify priority areas to boost research and innovation, reduce existing strategic dependencies and avoid the emergence of new ones;
§z drugimi ustreznimi akterji EU uskladiti skupni pristop, da se zagotovi zadosten radiofrekvenčni spekter za operacije z droni;	§coordinate with other relevant EU actors a common approach with the aim of providing sufficient radio frequencies spectrum for drone operations;
§vzpostaviti mrežo EU za civilno-obrambne centre za testiranje dronov, da bi olajšala izmenjave med civilnim in obrambnim sektorjem;	§set up an EU network on civil-defence drone testing centres to facilitate exchanges between civilian and defence sectors;
§vse zadevne akterje spodbujati, naj zahteve glede certificiranja za uporabo v civilne in vojaške namene dodatno uskladijo z zahtevami, ki jih je določila agencija EASA, ob sočasnem upoštevanju vojaških posebnosti in obstoječih vojaških standardov certificiranja;	§encourage all relevant actors to further align certification requirements for civil and military applications towards those set by EASA while considering military specificities and existing military certification standards;
§sprejeti nove standardne scenarije za civilne operacije, ki bi lahko olajšali ustrezne primere uporabe v vojaške namene;	§adopt new standard scenarios for civil operations that could facilitate corresponding military use cases;
§sprejeti sveženj za boj proti dronom;	§adopt a counter-drone package;
§sprejeti spremembo pravil na področju varovanja v letalstvu, da bi zagotovila, da letalski organi in letališča povečajo svojo odpornost ob tveganjih, ki jih pomenijo droni;	§adopt an amendment to the aviation security rules aiming to ensure that aviation authorities and airports increase their resilience when faced with the risks posed by drones;
§opredeliti merila za prostovoljno oznako „evropski zaupanja vreden dron“.	§define criteria for a voluntary “European Trusted Drone” label.
(1) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_sl	(1) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
(2) COM(2019) 640 final.	(2) COM (2019) 640 final
(3) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/shaping-europe-digital-future_sl	(3) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/shaping-europe-digital-future_en
(4) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/europes-digital-decade-digital-targets-2030_sl	(4) https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/europes-digital-decade-digital-targets-2030_en
(5) Izraz dron je laičen izraz za sistem brezpilotnega zrakoplova, ki pomeni brezpilotni zrakoplov in opremo za njegovo daljinsko upravljanje.	(5) The term “drone” is the layman term for “Unmanned Aircraft Systems” which means an unmanned aircraft and the equipment to control it remotely.
(6) Električni zrakoplovi s sposobnostjo navpičnega vzletanja in pristajanja (eVTOL) se uporabljajo za prevoz ljudi in tovora, sprva s pilotom na krovu, ki nadzoruje let, v prihodnosti pa bodo lahko leteli samostojno z uporabo najnovejših tehnologij, ko bodo to dopuščali predpisi.	(6) ‘electric Vertical Take Off and Landing’ aircraft (eVTOL) are used for the transport of people and cargo initially with a pilot on board controlling the flight, in the future, they will have the ability to fly autonomously using the latest technologies when regulations allow.
(7) COM(2020) 789 final.	(7) COM(2020) 789 final.
(8) Sporočilo o akcijskem načrtu EU: Naproti ničelnemu onesnaževanju zraka, vode in tal.	(8) Communication on an EU Action Plan: 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil'.
(9) COM(2014) 207 final, „Nova doba letalstva – Odprtje letalskega trga za varno in trajnostno civilno uporabo daljinsko vodenih zračnih sistemov“.	(9) COM(2014) 207 final, “A new era for aviation - Opening the aviation market to the civil use of remotely piloted aircraft systems in a safe and sustainable manner”
(10) COM(2015) 598 final, „Letalska strategija za Evropo“.	(10) COM(2015) 598 final, “An Aviation Strategy for Europe”
(11) Konference na visoki ravni o dronih v Rigi (2015), Varšavi (2016), Helsinkih (2017) in Amsterdamu (2018, 2019).	(11) High Level Drone Conferences in Riga (2015), Warsaw (2016), Helsinki (2017), Amsterdam (2018, 2019)
(12) Uredba (EU) 2018/1139 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 4. julija 2018 o skupnih pravilih na področju civilnega letalstva in ustanovitvi Agencije Evropske unije za varnost v letalstvu ter spremembi uredb (ES) št. 2111/2005, (ES) št. 1008/2008, (EU) št. 996/2010, (EU) št. 376/2014 ter direktiv 2014/30/EU in 2014/53/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta ter razveljavitvi uredb (ES) št. 552/2004 in (ES) št. 216/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta ter Uredbe Sveta (EGS) št. 3922/91 (UL L 212, 22.8.2018, str. 1).	(12) Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91, JO L 212 du 22.8.2018, p. 1.
(13) Izvedbena uredba Komisije (EU) 2019/947 z dne 24. maja 2019 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov (UL L 152, 11.6.2019, str. 1).	(13) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft, O L 152, 11.6.2019, p.1.
(14) Delegirana uredba Komisije (EU) 2019/945 z dne 12. marca 2019 o sistemih brezpilotnega zrakoplova in operatorjih sistemov brezpilotnega zrakoplova iz tretjih držav (UL L 152, 11.6.2019, str. 1).	(14) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems, OJ L 152, 11.6.2019, p.1.
(15) Izvedbena uredba Komisije (EU) 2021/664 z dne 22. aprila 2021 o regulativnem okviru za U-space (UL L 139, 23.4.2021, str. 161); Izvedbena uredba Komisije (EU) 2021/665 z dne 22. aprila 2021 o spremembi Izvedbene uredbe (EU) 2017/373 glede zahtev za izvajalce storitev upravljanja zračnega prometa/izvajanja navigacijskih služb zračnega prometa in drugih funkcij omrežja za upravljanje zračnega prometa v zračnem prostoru U-space, določenem v kontroliranem zračnem prostoru (UL L 139, 23.4.2021, str. 184); Izvedbena uredba Komisije (EU) 2021/666 z dne 22. aprila 2021 o spremembi Uredbe (EU) št. 923/2012 glede zahtev za letalstvo s posadko, ki izvaja operacije v zračnem prostoru U-space (UL L 139, 23.4.2021, str. 187).	(15) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/664 of 22 April 2021 on a regulatory framework for the U-space, OJL 139, 23.4.2021, p. 161; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/665 of 22 April 2021 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 as regards requirements for providers of air traffic management/air navigation services and other air traffic management network functions in the U-space airspace designated in controlled airspace, OJ L 139, 23.4.2021, p. 184; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/666 of 22 April 2021 amending Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 as regards requirements for manned aviation operating in U-space airspace, OJ L 139, 23.4.2021, p. 187.
(16) COM(2022) 60, Sporočilo o prispevku Komisije k evropski obrambi, z dne 15. februarja 2022.	(16) COM(2022) 60, Communication on Commission contribution to European defence, 15.2.2022.
(17) JOIN(2022) 24, Skupno sporočilo o analizi vrzeli pri naložbah v obrambo in nadaljnjih korakih, z dne 18 maja 2022.	(17) JOIN(2022) 24, Communication on the Defence Investment Gaps Analysis and Way Forward, 18.5.2022
(18) EUCO 1/22, sklepi Evropskega sveta z dne 24. in 25. marca 2022, 29.3.2022 – EUCO 21/22, sklepi Evropskega sveta z dne 30. in 31. maja 2022, 31.5.2022.	(18) EUCO 1/22, European Council conclusions 24-25 March 2022, 29.3.2022 - EUCO 21/22 European Council conclusions 30-31 May 2022, 31.5.2022
(19) Strateški kompas za varnost in obrambo – Za Evropsko unijo, ki varuje svoje državljane in državljanke, vrednote in interese ter prispeva k mednarodnemu miru in varnosti, z dne 21. marca 2022.	(19) A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence “For a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security”, 21.03.2022.
(20) Ob priznavanju razlik in podobnosti med različnimi primeri uporabe ter potrebe po tem, da se ne sprejme enotni pristop k vsem vprašanjem, se bo v nadaljnjem besedilu izraz droni uporabljal za vsa zračna plovila, vključena v inovativne zračne storitve, vključno z eVTOL (zračna plovila na električni pogon, ki lahko navpično vzletajo in pristajajo) s posadko ter sistemi brezpilotnega zrakoplova, ki se uporabljajo v obrambnem sektorju.	(20) While recognising the differences and commonalities between the different use cases and the need to avoid taking a one-size fits all approach to all issues, for further reference in the following text, the term ‘drones’ will be used to cover all vehicles involved in Innovative Aerial Services, including manned eVTOL (electrically powered vehicles capable of vertical take-off and landing), as well as Unmanned Aircraft Systems used in the defence sector.
(21) Sporočilo Komisije Evropskemu parlamentu, Svetu, Evropskemu ekonomsko-socialnemu odboru in Odboru regij – Akcijski načrt za sinergije med civilno, obrambno in vesoljsko industrijo, COM(2021) 70 final z dne 22. februarja 2021.	(21) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions “Action Plan on synergies between civil, defence and space industries”, COM(2021) 70 final, 22.02.2021.
(22) COM(2020) 605 final z dne 24. julija 2020.	(22) COM(2020) 605 final of 24 July 2020
(23) COM(2020) 795 final z dne 9. decembra 2020.	(23) COM (2020) 795 final of 9 December 2020
(24) COM(2020) 829 final. Evropski parlament in Svet sta 28. junija 2022 dosegla politični dogovor o predlagani direktivi ( Varnostna unija (europa.eu)	(24) COM(2020) 829 final The European Parliament and the Council reached political agreement on the proposed Directive on 28 June 2022 ( Security Union (europa.eu)
(25) Študija za ugotavljanje dejstev za pripravo strategije za drone 2.0, končno poročilo, Ecorys, 2022.	(25) Fact finding study preparing a “Drone Strategy 2.0”, Final report, Ecorys, 2022
(26) Ker ni opredelitve in v skladu z regulativnim pristopom, usmerjenim v operacije, je agencija EASA razvila pojem inovativnih zračnih storitev, ki ustreza naboru operacij in/ali storitev, ki jih omogočajo nove tehnologije v zraku – operacije in/ali storitve vključujejo prevoz potnikov in/ali tovora ter zračne operacije (npr. nadzor, inšpekcijske preglede, kartiranje, telekomunikacijska omrežja).	(26) Due to the lack of a definition and in line with the regulatory operation centric approach, EASA has developed the notion of Innovative Aerial Services (IAS) which corresponds to the set of operations and/or services enabled by the new airborne technologies – the operations and/or services include both the transportation of passengers and/or cargo and aerial operations (e.g. surveillance, inspections, mapping, telecommunication networking).
(27) V pojmu inovativna zračna mobilnost so upoštevane operacije z zrakoplovi z novimi zasnovami (ki ne spadajo samodejno v eno od znanih kategorij, ampak imajo zmogljivost navpičnega vzletanja in pristajanja (VTOL) za vzlet in pristanek, posebne funkcije (porazdeljenega) pogona, lahko delujejo v konfiguraciji brez posadke itd.), ki so bile oblikovane za zagotavljanje nove zračne mobilnosti ljudi in tovora, zlasti na preobremenjenih (mestnih) območjih, na podlagi integrirane zračne in zemeljske infrastrukture. Inovativna zračna mobilnost zajema raznolike vrste zrakoplovov (na primer s posadko in brez nje), katerih zasnove izhajajo iz nenehnih inovacij, zlasti na področjih hibridnih in elektrificiranih pogonskih sistemov, shranjevanja energije, lahkih materialov, digitalizacije in avtomatizacije. Te inovacije so omogočile vrsto novih zasnov, ki zajemajo zrakoplove z več rotorji, nagibnimi krili, nagibnim rotorjem, krili na pogon, ki ponujajo kratek vzlet in pristanek (STOL), ter zmogljivostmi VTOL.	(27) The concept of Innovative Air Mobility (‘IAM’) is to accommodate operations with novel aircraft designs (that do not automatically fall under one of the known categories, but which have vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities for take-off and landing, specific (distributed) propulsion features, can be operated in unmanned configuration, etc.), that are conceived to offer a new air mobility of people and cargo, in particular in congested (urban) areas, based on an integrated air and ground-based infrastructure. IAM describes a diverse array of aircraft types (such as manned and unmanned), whose designs are enabled by ongoing innovations particularly in the areas of hybrid and electrification of propulsion systems, energy storage, lightweight materials, digitalisation and automation. These innovations have made possible an array of novel designs spanning multi-rotor, tilt wing, tilt-rotor, powered wing, offering short take-off and landing (STOL) through to VTOL capabilities.
(28) Študija za ugotavljanje dejstev za pripravo strategije za drone 2.0, končno poročilo, Ecorys, 2022.	(28) Fact finding study preparing a “Drone Strategy 2.0”, Final report, Ecorys, 2022.
(29) Poročilo skupine voditeljev za drone: https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news/drone-leaders-group-supports-preparation-drone-strategy-20-2022-05-02_sl .	(29) Drone Leaders’ Group Report: https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news/drone-leaders-group-supports-preparation-drone-strategy-20-2022-05-02_en
(30) Izvedbena uredba Komisije (EU) št. 923/2012 z dne 26. septembra 2012 o določitvi skupnih pravil letenja in operativnih določb v zvezi z navigacijskimi službami in postopki zračnega prometa ter spremembi Izvedbene uredbe (EU) št. 1035/2011 in uredb (ES) št. 1265/2007, (ES) št. 1794/2006, (ES) št. 730/2006, (ES) št. 1033/2006 in (EU) št. 255/2010 (UL L 281, 13.10.2012, str. 1).	(30) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 of 26 September 2012 laying down the common rules of the air and operational provisions regarding services and procedures in air navigation and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1035/2011 and Regulations (EC) No 1265/2007, (EC) No 1794/2006, (EC) No 730/2006, (EC) No 1033/2006 and (EU) No 255/2010 , OJ L 281, 13.10.2012, p. 1
(31) Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) 2021/664, (EU) 2021/665 in (EU) 2021/666.	(31) Commission Implementing Regulations (EU) 2021/664, (EU) 2021/665 and (EU) 2021/666).
(32) https://www.gsma.com/iot/aerial-connectivity-joint-activity/	(32) https://www.gsma.com/iot/aerial-connectivity-joint-activity/
(33) https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/pilot-living-labs-jrc_sl	(33) https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/research-facility/living-labs-at-the-jrc
(34) Osrednji načrt za upravljanje zračnega prometa v Evropi, Digitalising Europe’s Aviation Infrastructure (Digitalizacija evropske letalske infrastrukture), izdaja 2020, https://www.atmmasterplan.eu .	(34) European ATM Master Plan, Digitalising Europe’s Aviation Infrastructure, Edition 2020, https://www.atmmasterplan.eu
(35) Strategic research and innovation agenda for the Digital European sky (Strateški program za raziskave in inovacije za digitalno evropsko nebo), Skupno podjetje za raziskave o upravljanju zračnega prometa enotnega evropskega neba, 12. oktober 2020.	(35) Strategic research and innovation agenda for the Digital European sky, Single European Sky ATM Research Joint Undertaking, 12 October 2020.
(36) Spremenjeni predlog Komisije za uredbo o izvajanju enotnega evropskega neba, COM(2020) 579 final z dne 22. septembra 2020.	(36) Commission amended proposal for a Regulation on the implementation of the Single European Sky, COM(2020) 579 final, 22.9.2020.
(37) „Certificirana“ kategorija pomeni kategorijo operacij sistemov brezpilotnega zrakoplova, ki je opredeljena v členu 6 Izvedbene uredbe (EU) 2019/947.	(37) ‘certified’ category means a category of UAS operation that is defined in Article 6 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947.
(38) „Posebna“ kategorija pomeni kategorijo operacij sistemov brezpilotnega zrakoplova, ki je opredeljena v členu 5 Izvedbene uredbe (EU) 2019/947.	(38) ‘specific’ category means a category of UAS operations that is defined in Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947.
(39) EASA Guidelines on Design verification of UAS operated in the ‘specific’ category and classified in SAIL III and IV (Smernice agencije EASA o preverjanju zasnove sistema brezpilotnega zrakoplova, ki se upravlja v „posebni“ kategoriji ter je razvrščen v specifično stopnjo zagotovila in integritete SAIL III in IV), izdaja 1, 31. marec 2021.	(39) EASA Guidelines on Design verification of UAS operated in the ‘specific’ category and classified in SAIL III and IV, Issue 1, 31.03.2021.
(40) Namen evropskega standardnega scenarija in vnaprej določene ocene tveganja je olajšati postopek predložitve izjave in postopek pridobitve dovoljenja za upravljavce dronov z zagotovitvijo, da je bila ocena tveganja že izvedena v skladu z metodologijo SORA za nekatere operacije z majhnim do srednjim tveganjem, ki se izvajajo v okviru „posebne kategorije“.	(40) European standard scenario (STS) and the pre-defined risk assessment (PDRA) aims to facilitate respectively the declarative and the permit application process by drone operators by ensuring that the risk assessment has already been performed in accordance with the SORA methodology for some low to medium risk operations performed in the ‘Specific category’.
(41) S spremembo Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) 2019/947 z dne 24. maja 2019 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov.	(41) Amending the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft.
(42) Opredelitve pojmov iz Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) 2019/947 z dne 24. maja 2019 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov.	(42) Definitions for the terms given in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft.
(43) S spremembo Uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 748/2012 z dne 3. avgusta 2012 o določitvi izvedbenih določb za certificiranje zrakoplovov in sorodnih proizvodov, delov in naprav glede plovnosti in okoljske ustreznosti ter potrjevanje projektivnih in proizvodnih organizacij; Delegirane uredbe Komisije (EU) 2019/945 z dne 12. marca 2019 o sistemih brezpilotnega zrakoplova in operatorjih sistemov brezpilotnega zrakoplova iz tretjih držav; Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) 2019/947 z dne 24. maja 2019 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov; Uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 965/2012 z dne 5. oktobra 2012 o tehničnih zahtevah in upravnih postopkih za letalske operacije v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 216/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta, ter Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 923/2012 z dne 26. septembra 2012 o določitvi skupnih pravil letenja in operativnih določb v zvezi z navigacijskimi službami in postopki zračnega prometa ter spremembi Izvedbene uredbe (EU) št. 1035/2011 in uredb (ES) št. 1265/2007, (ES) št. 1794/2006, (ES) št. 730/2006, (ES) št. 1033/2006 in (EU) št. 255/2010.	(43) Amending the Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations; the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems; the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft; the Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 of 5 October 2012 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to air operations pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council; and the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012 of 26 September 2012 laying down the common rules of the air and operational provisions regarding services and procedures in air navigation and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1035/2011 and Regulations (EC) No 1265/2007, (EC) No 1794/2006, (EC) No 730/2006, (EC) No 1033/2006 and (EU) No 255/2010.
(44) S spremembo Uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 139/2014 z dne 12. februarja 2014 o določitvi zahtev in upravnih postopkov v zvezi z aerodromi v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 216/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta (Besedilo velja za EGP).	(44) Amending the Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 of 12 February 2014 laying down requirements and administrative procedures related to aerodromes pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance
(45) Uredba (ES) št. 1008/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 24. septembra 2008 o skupnih pravilih za opravljanje zračnih prevozov v Skupnosti (UL L 293, 31.10.2008, str. 3).	(45) Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 2008 on common rules for the operation of air services in the Community, OJ L 293, 31.10.2008, p.3.
(46) https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/uam-full-report.pdf	(46) https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/uam-full-report.pdf
(47) COM(2013) 913 final (PRILOGA 1), 17.12.2013.	(47) COM(2013) 913 final (ANNEX 1) of 17.12.2013
(48) Direktiva 2002/49/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 25. junija 2002 o ocenjevanju in upravljanju okoljskega hrupa (UL L 189, 18.7.2002, str. 12).	(48) Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, OJ L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12–25
(49) Sklep Komisije z dne 4. julija 2022 o financiranju pilotnih projektov in pripravljalnih ukrepov na področju prometa za leto 2022, C(2022) 4509 final.	(49) Commission Decision of 4.7.2022 on the financing of pilot projects and preparatory actions in the field of transport for 2022, C(2022) 4509 final.
(50) https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/45cc30f6-cd57-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1	(50) https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/45cc30f6-cd57-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1
(51) S spremembo Uredbe Komisije (EU) št. 1178/2011 z dne 3. novembra 2011 o tehničnih zahtevah in upravnih postopkih za letalsko osebje v civilnem letalstvu v skladu z Uredbo (ES) št. 216/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta.	(51) Amending the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
(52) Pakt za znanja in spretnosti za vesoljsko industrijo in obrambo (https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=23158&langId=sl)	(52) Pact for Skills Aerospace and Defence (https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=23158&langId=en)
(53) https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_sl	(53) https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en
(54) Skupno podjetje SESAR sofinancirata Evropska unija v okviru programa za raziskave in inovacije Obzorje Evropa ter industrija.	(54) SESAR Joint Undertaking is co-funded by the European Union through the Horizon Europe research and innovation programme and industry.
(55) V okviru stebra II „Globalni izzivi in evropska industrijska konkurenčnost“, sklop 3 „Civilna varnost za družbo“.	(55) In Pillar II “Global Challenges and European Industrial Competitiveness” , Cluster 3 “Civil Security for Society”.
(56) Na primer, v okviru delovnega programa Obzorje Evropa za grozd 6 „Hrana, biogospodarstvo, naravni viri, kmetijstvo in okolje“ se podpira razvoj uporabe dronov za trajnostno kmetijsko proizvodnjo, gozdarstvo, spremljanje stanja okolja in podeželske skupnosti.	(56) For instance, under the Horizon Europe Work Programme for Cluster 6 “Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment” the development of drone applications for sustainable agricultural production, forestry, environmental monitoring and rural communities is supported.
(57) https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/european-defence-fund-edf_sl	(57) https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/european-defence-fund-edf_en
(58) Sistemi „zaznavanja in izogibanja“ (Detect and Avoid – DAA) so tehnologije, ki dronom omogočajo varno vključitev v civilni zračni prostor, s čimer se preprečijo trčenja z drugimi zrakoplovi in ovirami.	(58) Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems are technologies that allow drones to integrate safely into civilian airspace, avoiding collisions with other aircraft and obstacles.
(59) https://www.eib.org/en/press/news/commission-and-eib-announce-launch-of-european-drone-investment-advisory-platform	(59) https://www.eib.org/en/press/news/commission-and-eib-announce-launch-of-european-drone-investment-advisory-platform
(60) https://investeu.europa.eu/what-investeu-programme_sl	(60) https://investeu.europa.eu/what-investeu-programme_en
(61) Tak vodilni ukrep bi bil izvajanje ukrepa iz nedavnega sporočila Komisije o analizi vrzeli pri naložbah v obrambo in nadaljnjih korakih: „Komisija bo oblikovala nadaljnje ukrepe (kot so usklajeni razpisi med obstoječimi instrumenti EU in posojili EIB) za podporo kritičnim tehnologijam in industrijskim zmogljivostim z razvojem strateških projektov“, izvajala bo tudi ukrep 9 iz akcijskega načrta za sinergije (tehnologije v zvezi z droni) v skladu z ugotovitvami ukrepa 2 akcijskega načrta za sinergije (sinergije finančnih instrumentov): „Komisija bi morala podpirati nove oblike celovitega načrtovanja in priprave programov[...]. V ta namen bi morala izbrati in začeti nove vodilne projekte, ki lahko dokažejo koncept sinergij na poti od raziskav in razvoja do uvedbe s tržnim posodabljanjem ali javnimi naročili.“	(61) Such a flagship would be an implementation of an action in the recent Commission Communication ‘Analysis of Defence Investment Gaps and way forward’: ‘The Commission will work on further measures (such as coordinated calls among existing EU instruments and EIB loans) to support critical technologies and industrial capacities by developing strategic projects, as well as an implementation of Action 9 in the Synergies Action Plan (‘Drones Technologies’) coherent with the findings of Action 2 of the Synergies Action Plan (synergies of financing instruments): ‘The Commission should support new forms of integrated programming and planning [...]. To this end, it should select and launch new flagship projects that can prove the concept of synergies along the pathway from R&D to deployment through market update or public procurement’.
(62) Po upoštevanju stališč Evropskega parlamenta in držav članic, izraženih med zadevnimi medinstitucionalnimi pogajanji v preteklosti.	(62) after taking into account the positions of the European Parliament and Member States expressed in the past in the course of the relevant inter-institutional negotiations
(63) https://www.eba250.com	(63) https://www.eba250.com
(64) https://www.eltis.org/	(64) https://www.eltis.org/
(65) UIC2 - UAM Initiative Cities Community (UIC2 – pobuda za zračno mobilnost v mestih za mesta in skupnost), https://civitas.eu/urban-air-mobility.	(65) UIC2 - UAM Initiative Cities Community, https://civitas.eu/urban-air-mobility.
(66) COM(2012) 417 „Industrijska varnostna politika“ in COM(2021) 70 final „Akcijski načrt za sinergije med civilno, obrambno in vesoljsko industrijo“.	(66) COM(2012) 417 “Security Industrial Policy” and COM(2021) 70 final “Action Plan on synergies between civil, defence and space industries”
(67) S spremembo Izvedbene uredbe Komisije (EU) 2019/947 z dne 24. maja 2019 o pravilih in postopkih za upravljanje brezpilotnih zrakoplovov.	(67) Amending the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft
(68) COM(2020) 829 final z dne 16. decembra 2020.	(68) COM(2020) 829 final of 16 December 2020
(69) COM(2020) 605 final z dne 24. julija 2020.	(69) COM(2020) 605 final of 24 July 2020
(70) COM(2020) 795 final z dne 9. decembra 2020.	(70) COM (2020) 795 final of 9 December 2020
(71) https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/drone_incident_management_at_aerodromes_part1_website_suitable.pdf	(71) https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/drone_incident_management_at_aerodromes_part1_website_suitable.pdf
(72) S predlogom sekundarne zakonodaje k Uredbi (ES) št. 300/2008 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 11. marca 2008 o skupnih pravilih na področju varovanja civilnega letalstva in o razveljavitvi Uredbe (ES) št. 2320/2002.	(72) Proposing secondary legislation to Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation security and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002

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