EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Brussels, 16.6.2025
SWD(2025) 295 final
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT
DESI 2025 methodological note
Accompanying the document
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions
State of the Digital Decade 2025: Keep building the EU's sovereignty and digital future
{COM(2025) 290 final} - {SWD(2025) 290 final} - {SWD(2025) 291 final} - {SWD(2025) 292 final} - {SWD(2025) 293 final} - {SWD(2025) 294 final}
DESI 2025 methodological note
Table of Contents
1
The DESI 2025
1.1.1
Digital skills
1.1.2
Digital infrastructures
1.1.3
Digital transformation of businesses
1.1.4
Digitalisation of public services
1.1.5
The KPI table in the country reports executive summary
1.1.6
Additional indicators used in the country reports
1.1.7
Data sources
1.2
Methodological considerations
1.2.1
Indicator selection criteria
1.2.2
Data updates and corrections
Table of Tables
Table 1 DESI 2025 dashboard
Table 2 Digital skills indicators
Table 3 Digital infrastructures indicators
Table 4 Digital transformation of businesses indicators
Table 5 Digital Intensity Index
Table 6 Digitalisation of public services indicators
Table 7 Additional indicators used in the country reports
Table 8 Data sources
In line with Article 2(1) of the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 (the Decision), adopted by the Council and Parliament in December 2022, since its 2023 edition the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) has been based on a set of indicators providing a multi-dimensional, detailed picture of the collective annual progress made by the EU towards the 2030 goals. DESI consists of a dashboard of indicators fully aligned with the digital targets established in the Decision. It includes all the key performance indicators of the digital decade (DD KPI) set out in the Commission Implementing Decision for which national-level values are available or estimated.
The DESI 2025 dashboard features more than 30 indicators, including the DD KPIs (
Table 1
). However, updated values are not available for all indicators. Those without new data for 2025 are marked with the label ’[no new data in 2025]’.
The DESI dashboard’s indicators and metadata can be accessed and analysed via the
DESI visualisation tool
for all the available years.
Most of the indicators are collected by the relevant authorities of the Member States and by the Commission, the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CNECT), via ad hoc studies for which all the details and links are provided.
The country and EU-level data analysis – state of play and level of progress – of a selection of the DESI 2025 dashboard indicators was in part generated using tested European generative AI models – Mistral Large and Small for the 2025 SDDR Country Reports. All officers responsible have verified the initial drafts for accuracy and relevance.
Table 1 DESI 2025 dashboard
|
Dimension
|
Sub-dimension
|
Indicator
|
Most recent year available
|
|
1 Digital skills
|
Internet user skills
|
Internet use
|
2024
|
|
|
|
At least basic digital skills (DD KPI)
|
2023
|
|
|
|
Above basic digital skills
|
2023
|
|
|
Advanced skills and development
|
ICT specialists (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Enterprises providing ICT training
|
2024
|
|
2 Digital infrastructures
|
Fixed broadband
|
Overall internet take-up
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Share of fixed broadband subscription ≥ 100 Mbps
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Share of fixed broadband subscription ≥ 1 Gbps
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Fixed Very High Capacity Network (VHCN) coverage
(DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) coverage (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
Mobile broadband
|
Overall 5G coverage (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
5G coverage in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band
|
2024
|
|
|
|
5G spectrum
|
2025
|
|
|
|
5G SIM cards (share of population)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Estimated number of deployed edge nodes (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity
DII version IV (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
3 Digital transformation of businesses
|
Digital intensity
|
Data Analytics (DD KPI)
|
2023
(2024 data for Spain)
|
|
|
Digital technologies for businesses
|
Cloud (DD KPI)
|
2023
(2024 data for Croatia, Hungary, Netherlands, and Spain)
|
|
|
|
Artificial Intelligence (AI) (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
AI or Cloud or Data Analytics (DD combined KPI)
|
2023
(2024 data for Spain)
|
|
|
|
Number of unicorns (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
SMEs selling online
|
2024
|
|
|
e-Commerce
|
e-Commerce turnover
|
2024
|
|
|
|
e-Government users
|
2024
|
|
4 Digitalisation of public services
|
e-Government
|
Digital public services for citizens (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Digital public services for businesses (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Prefilled forms
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Transparency of service delivery, design and personal data
|
2024
|
|
|
|
User support
|
2024
|
|
|
|
Mobile friendliness
|
2024
|
|
|
e-Health
|
Access to e-Health records (DD KPI)
|
2024
|
1.1.1Digital skills
Table 2 Digital skills indicators
|
Indicator
|
Description
|
Unit
|
Source
|
Reference year
(latest available year with comparable values across the EU)
|
|
Internet use
|
Individuals who use the internet at least once a week
|
% of individuals + gender and age breakdown
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in Households and by individuals (ISOC_CI_IFP_FU [I_IUSE])
|
2024
|
|
At least basic digital skills (DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 80%
|
Individuals (aged 16-74) with ‘basic’ or ‘above basic’ digital skills in each of the following five dimensions: information, and data literacy, communication and collaboration, problem-solving, digital content creation and safety
|
% of individuals + gender, age, education, place of residence and competence area breakdowns
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in Households and by Individuals (ISOC_SK_DSKL_I21 [I_DSK2_BAB])
|
2023
|
|
Above basic digital skills
|
Individuals (aged 16-74) with ‘above basic’ digital skills in each of the following five dimensions: information, and data literacy, communication and collaboration, problem-solving, digital content creation and safety
|
% of individuals + gender, age, education, place of residence and competence area breakdowns
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in Households and by Individuals (ISOC_SK_DSKL_I21 [I_DSK2_AB])
|
2023
|
|
ICT specialists (DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 20 million equivalent to approximately 10% of total employment (assuming 200 m in employment in 2030)
|
Employed ICT specialists. Broad definition based on the ISCO-08 classification and including jobs like ICT service managers, ICT professionals, ICT technicians, ICT installers and servicers.
|
% of total employment + gender breakdown
|
Eurostat – Labour force survey (ISOC_SKS_ITSPT, ISOC_SKS_ITSPS)
|
2024
|
The digital skills group of indicators assesses both internet user skills of citizens and the number of specialists with advanced digital skills. ‘At least basic digital skills’ and ‘ICT specialists’ measure progress towards the targets of the Digital Decade Policy Programme.
1.1.2Digital infrastructures
Table 3 Digital infrastructures indicators
|
Indicator
|
Description
|
Unit
|
Source
|
Reference year
(latest available year with comparable values across the EU)
|
|
Overall Internet take-up
|
Households with access to the Internet at home
|
% of households
|
European Union survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals - level of internet access (table: ISOC_CI_IN_H)
|
2024
|
|
Share of fixed broadband subscription ≥ 100 Mbps
|
% of households subscribing to fixed broadband of at least 100 Mbps, calculated as overall broadband take-up multiplied by the percentage of fixed broadband lines of at least 100 Mbps
|
% of fixed broadband subscriptions
|
European Commission through the Communications Committee (COCOM) and Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals
|
2024
|
|
Share of fixed broadband subscription ≥ 1 Gbps
|
% of households subscribing to fixed broadband of at least 1 Gbps, calculated as overall broadband take-up multiplied by the percentage of fixed broadband lines of at least 1 Gbps
|
% of fixed broadband subscriptions
|
European Commission through the Communications Committee (COCOM) and Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals
|
2024
|
|
Fixed Very High Capacity Network (VHCN) coverage
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100%
|
% of households covered by any fixed VHCN. The technologies considered are FTTH and FTTB for 2017-2018 and FTTH, FTTB and Cable DOCSIS 3.1 for 2019 onwards
|
% of households + rural area breakdown
|
Broadband coverage in Europe studies for the European Commission by Omdia and Point Topic ‘Broadband coverage in Europe 2024’:
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883228
Also available via EUROSTAT ISOC_CBT
|
2024
|
|
Fibre to the Premises (FTTP) coverage
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100%
|
% of households covered by FTTH and FTTB
|
% of households + rural area breakdown
|
Broadband coverage in Europe studies for the European Commission by Omdia and Point Topic ‘Broadband coverage in Europe 2024’:
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883228
Also available via EUROSTAT ISOC_CBT
|
2024
|
|
Overall 5G coverage
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100%
|
% of populated areas with coverage by at least one 5G mobile network
|
% of households + rural area breakdown
|
Broadband coverage in Europe studies for the European Commission by Omdia and Point Topic ‘Broadband coverage in Europe 2024’
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883228
Also available via EUROSTAT ISOC_CBT
|
2024
|
|
5G coverage in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band
|
% of populated areas with coverage by 5G using the 3.4-3.8 GHz spectrum band
|
% of households + rural area breakdown
|
Broadband coverage in Europe studies for the European Commission by Omdia and Point Topic ‘Broadband coverage in Europe 2024’:
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883228
|
2024
|
|
5G spectrum
|
The amount of spectrum assigned and ready for 5G use within the ‘5G pioneer bands’. These bands are 700 MHz (703-733 MHz and 758-788 MHz), 3.6 GHz (3400-3800 MHz) and 26 GHz (1000 MHz within 24250-27500 MHz). All three spectrum bands have an equal weight.
|
Assigned spectrum as a % of total harmonised 5G spectrum
|
European Commission services, through the Communications Committee (COCOM)
|
2025
|
|
5G SIM cards share of population
|
5G mobile subscriptions defined as SIM cards that generated any internet traffic on a domestic 5G network in the last 90 days.
|
% of total population
|
European Commission services, through the Communications Committee (COCOM)
|
2024
|
|
Edge nodes (estimates)
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 10000
|
Estimated number of edge computing nodes providing latencies below 20 milliseconds.
|
Number of deployed edge nodes
|
EDGE Observatory – Edge nodes (all edge nodes with no further specification) estimated to be deployed across Europe in 2024:
Data for the other Member States has been estimated as presented in the
Edge Observatory methodology
.
Edge Deployment Data Reports:
·
1st Edge Deployment Data Report
(September 2023) Row data:
IDC Survey Data
,
Targets 2030 calculations
)
·
2nd Edge Deployment Data Report
(March 2024) [International comparison]
·
3rd Edge Deployment Data Report
(June 2024) Row data:
IDC Survey Data
,
Targets 2030 calculations
)
·
4th Edge Deployment Data Report
(August 2024) [International comparison]
|
2024
|
Under this group of indicators, both fixed and mobile broadband are analysed with indicators measuring the supply and the demand side. ‘Fixed VHCN’, ‘FTTP’, ‘5G coverage’ and ‘edge-node deployment’ all measure progress towards the targets of the Digital Decade Policy Programme.
1.1.3Digital transformation of businesses
Table 4 Digital transformation of businesses indicators
|
Indicator
|
Description
|
Unit
|
Source
|
Reference year
(latest available year with comparable values across the EU)
|
|
SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 90%
|
The digital intensity score is based on counting how many of 12 technologies selected are used by enterprises. A basic level requires usage of at least four technologies (see
Table 5
).
|
% of SMEs
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in Enterprises (ISOC_E_DII [E_DI4_LO + E_DI4_HI + E_DI4_VHI], [E_DI4_GELO])
|
2024
[Ver. IV]
|
|
Data Analytics
|
Enterprises performing data analytics (internally or externally)
|
% of enterprises
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in Enterprises (ISOC_EB_DAS [E_DA])
|
2023
|
|
Cloud
|
Enterprises buying sophisticated or intermediate cloud computing services
|
% of enterprises
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises (ISOC_CICCE_USE [E_CC1_SI])
|
2023
|
|
AI
|
Enterprises using any AI technology
|
% of enterprises
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises (ISOC_EB_AI [E_AI_TANY])
|
2024
|
|
AI or Cloud or Data Analytics (DD combined KPI)
EU 2030 target = 75%
|
Enterprises using AI technologies or buying sophisticated or intermediate cloud computing services or performing data analytics
|
% of enterprises
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises (ISOC_EB_AI [E_AI_CC1SI_DA_ANY])
|
2023
|
|
e-Commerce turnover
|
SMEs’ total turnover from e-commerce
|
% of SME turnover
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in Enterprises (ISOC_EC_EVALS[E_ETURN])
|
2024
|
|
SMEs selling online
|
SMEs selling online (at least 1% of turnover)
|
% of SMEs
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on ICT usage and e-commerce in Enterprises (ISOC_EC_ESELS [E_ESELL])
|
2024
|
|
Unicorns
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = doubling the number
|
Calculated as the sum of unicorns referred to in Article 2, point (11)(a), of Decision (EU) 2022/2481 and those referred to in Article 2, point (11)(b), of that Decision
|
Total number of unicorns
|
Dealroom.co (dataset downloaded on 24.3.2025)
https://app.dealroom.co/dashboard
|
2024
|
The ‘Digital transformation of businesses’ group of indicators is made up of four sub-groups: digital intensity, take-up of selected technologies by enterprises, e-commerce, and unicorns. ‘SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity’, and ‘take-up of Cloud or Data Analytics or AI’, and ‘unicorns’ measure progress towards the targets of the Digital Decade Policy Programme.
Table 5 Digital Intensity Index
|
Digital intensity is measured using the Digital Intensity Index (DII), which assesses the adoption of 12 selected technologies by enterprises. A basic level of digital intensity is defined as an enterprise utilising at least 4 of those 12 technologies. Each year, the index encompasses a wide array of technologies, ranging from basic to more sophisticated, with the aim of evaluating the digitalisation level of SMEs across the EU.
The 2024 version of the index, DII version IV, includes the following 12 technologies and/or criteria (source: Eurostat): 1.Enterprises where more than 50% of the persons employed used computers with access to the internet for business purposes (same as version III); 2. The maximum contracted download speed of the fastest fixed line internet connection is at least 30 Mb/s (same as version III); 3. Enterprises with e-commerce sales of at least 1% turnover; 4. Enterprises where web sales are more than 1% of the total turnover and B2C web sales more than 10% of the web sales; 5. Enterprise with document(s) on measures, practices or procedures on ICT security; 6. Enterprises make employees aware of their obligations in ICT security-related issues; 7. Use at least 3 ICT security measures; 8. Any type of training provided to develop ICT related skills of the persons employed; 9. Employ ICT specialists; 10. Use any AI technology; 11. Any of the persons employed having remote access to any of the following: email, documents, business apps; 12. Enterprises which conducted remote meetings.
Compared to the 2023 version of the index (version III), the 2024 iteration places greater emphasis on ICT security measures, at the expense of cloud services and data analytics take-up due to the limited space available in the Eurostat’s survey on ICT usage in enterprises.
|
1.1.4Digitalisation of public services
Table 6 Digitalisation of public services indicators
|
Indicator
|
Description
|
Unit
|
Source
|
Reference year
(latest available year with comparable values across the EU)
|
|
e-Government users
|
Individuals who used the Internet, in the last 12 months, for interaction with public authorities on websites or on mobile applications
|
% internet users
|
Eurostat – European Union survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals (ISOC_CIEGI_AC [I_IGOVANYS])
|
2024
|
|
Digital public services for citizens
(DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100/100
|
Online provision of key public services for citizens, measured as the share of administrative steps that can be done online for major life events for citizens. There are seven life events simultaneously considered for citizens: 1. Family, 2. Career, 3. Studying, 4. Health, 5. Transport, 6. Moving, 7. Starting a Small Claims Procedure
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
Digital public services for businesses (DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100/100
|
Online provision of key public services for entrepreneurs, measured as the share of administrative steps that can be completed fully online for major life events. There are two life events simultaneously considered for businesses: 1. Business Start-up, 2. Regular Business Operations
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
Prefilled forms
|
Prefilled forms, measured as the share of administrative steps that present prefilled data, already known to public administrations, to the user in online forms.
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
Transparency of service delivery, design and personal data
|
Transparency of service delivery, design and personal data, measured as the extent to which service processes are transparent, services are designed with user involvement and users can manage their personal data
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
User support
|
The extent to which online support, help features, and feedback mechanisms are available incl. cross-border
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
Mobile friendliness
|
The share of services which are provided through a mobile-friendly interface, an interface that is responsive to the mobile device
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
e-Government Benchmark 2025
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883225
|
2024
|
|
Citizens’ online access to electronic health records (short name = Access to e-Health records) (DD KPI)
EU 2030 target = 100/100
|
Measured as: (i) the nationwide availability of online access services for citizens to their electronic health records data (via a patient portal, or a patient mobile app) with additional measures in place that enable certain categories of people (e.g. guardians for children, people with disabilities, older people) to also access their data, and (ii) the percentage of individuals that have the ability to obtain or make use of their own minimum set of health-related data currently stored in public and private electronic health-record (EHR) systems
|
Score (0 to 100)
|
2025 Digital Decade eHealth Indicator Study
https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news-redirect/883229
|
2024
|
The ‘digitalisation of public services’ group of indicators describes the demand and supply of e-Government as well as e-Health. The ‘Digital public services for citizens and businesses’ and the ‘access to e-Health records’ are indicators measuring progress towards the targets of the Digital Decade Policy Programme.
1.1.5The KPI table in the country reports executive summary
Each Member State’s report contains in its Executive Summary (as an Annex to the Communication on the State of the Digital Decade 2024) a summary table of the Digital Decade KPIs. That table lists:
·Digital Decade KPIs: in the order of appearance in the Country Report Staff Working Document. Data analytics now replaces Big Data. The new indicator on the take-up of either AI, Cloud, or Data analytics is introduced in this version of DESI 2025.
·DESI 2024: the last comparable data. For most KPIs, it is the value from 2023 (except for SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity for which the comparison is taken from year 2022). Note that since the publication of DESI 2024 in July 2024, some data might have been retroactively revised.
·DESI 2025: current level of the KPIs as measured in 2024 for most of the indicators and reported in 2025.
·Annual progress: The compound annual growth rate (CAGR), which is calculated on the basis of the two most recent available data points. Progress cannot be computed for ‘Cloud’, ‘Data Analytics’, ‘take-up of either AI, Cloud, or Data analytics’, and ‘At least basic digital skills’ since these indicators were not measured in 2024. For some Member States and for specific KPIs, methodological updates might prevent the calculation of this growth rate.
·National trajectory: Value of the national trajectory for 2024, as committed by the Member State in its (revised) Digital Decade national strategic roadmap. A ‘-’ denotes that there is no measure in 2024 or that there is no national trajectory point for this year in the national roadmap, as set by the Member State.
·EU: The same comments apply for the EU data on DESI 2025 and annual progress.
·Digital Decade target by 2030 MS: the target for 2030 as defined explicitly by the Member State in its national strategic roadmap. A ‘-’ denotes that no national target was explicitly set by the Member State.
·Digital Decade target by 2030 EU: EU-level digital targets set out in Article 4 of the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030.
1.1.6Additional indicators used in the country reports
In order to deepen the analysis and explore areas of the digital transformation not currently covered by the DESI dashboard, the SDDR25 includes several additionnal indicators, mainly related to sovereignty, cybersecurity, and the green transition.
Table 7 Additional indicators used in the country reports
|
Policy area
|
Indicator
|
Source
|
Policy relevance
|
|
Sovereignty
|
Percentage of the ICT sector in Gross value added
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_bde15ag/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_se
|
It measures the importance of the ICT sector in the economy. A strong ICT sector often indicates strong innovation ecosystems.
A high share of value added may suggest a significant role in global ICT markets, reducing reliance on external providers
|
|
Sovereignty
|
Business expenditure on R&D (BERD) in ICT sector as % of total R&D expenditure
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_bde15ar2/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_se
|
Same as above
|
|
Sovereignty
|
R&D personnel in ICT sector as % of total R&D personnel
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ic_biper2/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_se
|
Same as above
|
|
Cybersecurity (people)
|
Cyber awareness and readiness (households)
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_sk_dskl_i21/default/table?lang=en
DSI safety skills (6 sub-indicators)
|
This indicator measures people’s awareness and preparedness. It is therefore highly policy relevant for assessing the level of cybersecurity as it reflects the human dimension of digital resilience. Cybersecurity is not only about technology (firewalls, encryption standards …) but also, and sometimes mostly, about user’s behaviour
|
|
Cybersecurity (businesses)
|
Security measures and staff awareness (enterprises)
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_cisce_ra/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_e.isoc_cisc
Examples of indicators:
·ICT security measures adoption
·Awareness of ICT security related issues
|
It measures cyber preparedness of enterprises.
Enterprises are frequent targets of cyberattacks, such as ransomware, phishing, or data breaches. This indicator reflects how well businesses are equipped to prevent such threats (cyber resilience)
|
|
Cybersecurity (businesses)
|
Security incidents and consequences (enterprises)
|
Eurostat ENT survey
Examples of indicators:
ICT security incidents leading to
·ICT services unavailability
·Data destruction/ corruption
·Confidential data disclosure
|
It measures the number of incidents and potential consequences like service disruption.
While it could be an indicator of businesses’ ability to handle cyberattacks, it could also be influenced by external factors (the number of cyberattacks suffered).
|
|
Cybersecurity
(internet standards and protocols)
|
Monitoring the deployment of Internet standards:
DNSSE, IPv6: end-user adoption
|
European Commission
https://ec.europa.eu/internet-standards/index.html
|
DNSSEC: A high level of adoption of Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is essential to protect the integrity of the Domain Name System (DNS) Internet infrastructure to ensure the interoperability and security of the global cyberspace. The DNSSEC adoption rate in EU Member States is currently at a medium level, although there is quite a fragmentation among them, with some Member States better placed than others.
IPv6 is the latest version of the Internet’s main communication protocol. IPv6 ensures the scalability, stability, and security of the Internet. The analysis uses a set of publicly available data sources, as well as data collected from JRC own measurements, for estimating the rate of adoption of IPv6 across two dimensions: (a) end-user adoption, i.e. end-user hosts capable of using IPv6 to connect to the Internet
|
|
Greening ICT
(people)
|
Indicators on recycling of ICT device (recycling of laptop, desktop, or smartphone) + criteria for purchasing (eco-design, energy consumption) (households)
|
Eurostat
Destination of ICT devices no longer in use (isoc_eco_dd)
Important characteristics when buying ICT devices (isoc_eco_ic)
|
Measures the disposal and buying criteria of devices by the population (devices account for the majority of the footprint of the digital sector)
|
|
Greening ICT
(businesses)
|
Businesses green awareness and readiness: ICT and environment statistics (enterprises applying measure on printing, energy consumption of ICT equipment, considering the environmental impact of ICT services when buying, considering e-waste, recycling ICT equipment…)
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_e_envn2/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_e
|
Assess the enterprises’ awareness and preparedness on the green aspects of their digital sector
|
|
People / ethics / democracy
|
Individuals - encountering hostile or degrading online messages
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ci_hm/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=b22f969c-7ac2-4ea4-9d3c-dccdb0f497b4
8 indicators
|
It measures how people perceived they were exposed to hostile/degrading messages online. It sheds light on the scale of online abuse, as perceived by the individuals, which in turn informs policies around digital safety of people, especially for vulnerable groups like the youngest (16-24) and women.
Ensuring a safe online environment is critical for advancing digital transformation by increasing public trust in digital platforms.
|
|
People / ethics / democracy
|
Evaluating data, information and digital content
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_sk_edic_i21/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=e0fe4850-ae96-41c5-b9d6-4457431b3e3b
9 indicators
|
It measures the awareness of people toward doubtful contents and their willingness to verify information online. It can be considered a proxy for the extent to which individuals are aware of mis/disinformation and their proactive efforts to verify information, which is critical for mitigating the spread of fake news.
|
|
People / ethics / democracy
|
Internet use: civic or political participation
|
Eurostat
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ci_ac_i/default/table?lang=en&category=isoc.isoc_i.isoc_iiu
|
It measures how people use digital tools to participate in the democratic life, i.e. how individuals leverage digital tools to engage in democratic activities such as taking part in on-line consultations or voting to define civic or political issues; expressing opinions on civic or political issues on websites or in social media.
|
1.1.7Data sources
Most of the data in the DESI 2025 have been collected directly by national authorities, such as the National Statistical Institutes coordinated by Eurostat or National Regulatory Authorities.
Table 8
presents the data sources and the role of national authorities in data collection and validation.
Table 8 Data sources
|
Data source
|
Data collection process
|
|
Eurostat
|
Data collected by National Statistical Institutes and verified by the National Statistical Institutes and Eurostat.
|
|
Communications Committee (COCOM)
|
Data collected and verified by the National Regulatory Authorities (by data experts appointed by the members of the Communications Committee in every Member State).
|
|
Broadband coverage studies
|
Data collected by Omdia and Point Topic and verified by the National Regulatory Authorities (by data experts appointed by the members of the Communications Committee in every Member State).
|
|
e-Government benchmark
|
Data collected by Capgemini and verified by relevant ministries in every Member State.
|
|
2025 Digital Decade eHealth indicator study
|
Data collected by Capgemini Invent by means of a specific questionnaire submitted to representatives appointed by the relevant ministries in every Member State.
|
1.2Methodological considerations
1.2.1Indicator selection criteria
To be included in the DESI dashboard, indicators must comply with the following requirements:
·Must be collected on a regular basis. In order to fulfil the monitoring function, the indicators used in the dashboard must be collected ideally on a yearly basis (or at least at pre-defined intervals).
·Must be relevant for the policy area of interest. All indicators in the dashboard must be accepted as relevant metrics in their specific policy areas.
·Must be collected in a comparable way for all the 27 Member States. Comparable statistical indicators are needed for all 27 EU Member States to ensure fair and accurate monitoring of the collective progress made by the EU toward the Digital Decade targets. This in turn allows the EU to identify gaps and share best practices.
1.2.2Data updates and corrections
Updates and corrections are part of the lifecycle and nature of statistical data, especially in the digital sector, which is a rapidly evolving environment. This is the case for several DESI indicators. There can be several reasons for such restatements. For example, it is typical that the values for one indicator undergo small amendments and only stabilise completely long after the indicator was originally computed and published. Member States can also update their own methodology to collect the data for the indicators on which they report, for example to Eurostat, and revise the figures retroactively. Such revisions may impact Member States’ individual indicator values and also the EU average.
The present report considers updates that were reported to the European Commission before 14 April 2025, which is the DESI 2025 cut-off date for all indicators that had updated data or were new with respect to previous DESI editions. Any changes made after this date are not taken into account in the 2025 version of the DESI dashboard.
