roaming providers' applications for authorisation to apply a roaming surcharge filed pursuant to Article 6c(2) of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 in order to ensure the sustainability of their domestic charging model;

the methodology to be applied by national regulatory authorities in assessing whether the roaming provider has established that it is unable to recover its costs of providing regulated roaming services, with the effect that the sustainability of its domestic charging model would be undermined.

‘stable links’ with a Member State means presence on the territory of the Member State arising from a full-time and durable employment relationship, including that of frontier workers; from durable contractual relations entailing a similar degree of physical presence of a self-employed person; from participation in full-time recurring courses of study; or from other situations, such as those of posted workers or retired persons, whenever they involve an analogous level of territorial presence;

‘mobile retail services’ means public mobile communications services provided to end users, including voice, SMS and data services;

‘open data bundle’ means a tariff plan for the provision of one or more mobile retail services which does not limit the volume of mobile data retail services included against the payment of a fixed periodic fee, or for which the domestic unit price of mobile data retail services, derived by dividing the overall domestic retail price, excluding VAT, for mobile services corresponding to the entire billing period by the total volume of mobile data retail services available domestically, is lower than the regulated maximum wholesale roaming charge referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012;

‘pre-paid tariff plan’ means a tariff plan under which mobile retail services are provided upon deduction of credit made available by the customer to the provider on a per-unit basis, in advance of consumption, and from which a customer may withdraw without penalty upon exhaustion or expiry of credit;

‘visited Member State’ means a Member State other than that of the roaming customer's domestic provider;

‘mobile services margin’ means earnings, before interest tax depreciation and amortisation, from the sale of mobile services other than retail roaming services provided within the Union, thereby excluding costs and revenues from retail roaming services;

‘group’ means a parent undertaking and all its subsidiary undertakings subject to its control within the meaning of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 ( 1 ).

actual volumes of regulated retail roaming services provided by the applicant at the applicable regulated retail roaming price prior to 15 June 2017;

projected volumes of regulated retail roaming services after 15 June 2017, where the projected volumes of regulated retail roaming services over the period in question are estimated based on actual domestic retail consumption of mobile services and time spent abroad in the Union by the roaming customers of the applicant;

projected volumes of regulated retail roaming services after 15 June 2017, where the volumes of regulated retail roaming services are estimated based on the proportional change in the volumes of regulated retail roaming services experienced in the applicant's tariff plans representing a substantial part of the customer base on which the prices of regulated retail roaming services were set by the applicant at the domestic level for a period of at least 30 days, in accordance with the methodology set out in Annex I.

the costs for the purchase of wholesale roaming access;

the roaming-specific retail costs.

the costs of operating and managing roaming activities, including all business intelligence systems and software dedicated to roaming operation and management;

data-clearing and payment costs, including both data-clearing and financial clearing costs;

contract negotiation and agreement costs, including external fees and use of internal resources;

costs sustained in order to comply with the requirements for the provision of regulated retail roaming services laid down in Articles 14 and 15 of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012, taking into account the applicable fair use policy adopted by the roaming provider.

billing and collection costs, including all costs associated with processing, calculating, producing and notifying the actual customer bill;

sales and distribution costs, including the costs of operating shops and other distribution channels for the sale of mobile retail services;

customer care costs, including the cost of operating all customer care services available to the end user;

bad debt management costs, including costs incurred in writing off customers' unredeemable debts and collecting bad debts;

marketing costs, including all expenses for advertising mobile services.

revenues deriving directly from traffic of mobile retail services originated in a visited Member State;

a proportion of overall revenues from the sale of mobile retail services based on fixed periodic charges.

any retail charge levied pursuant to Article 6e of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012 for traffic exceeding any fair use policy applied by the roaming provider;

any revenues from alternative regulated roaming services pursuant to Article 6e(3) of Regulation (EU) No 531/2012;

any domestic retail price billed on a per-unit basis or in excess of fixed periodic charges for the provision of mobile retail services and triggered by the use of mobile retail services in a visited Member State.

the applicant is part of a group and there is evidence of internal transfer pricing in favour of the other subsidiaries of the group within the Union, in particular in view of substantive imbalance of wholesale roaming charges applied within the group;

the degree of competition on domestic markets means that there is capacity to absorb reduced margins;

the application of a more restrictive fair use policy, still in compliance with Articles 3 and 4, would reduce the roaming retail net margin to a proportion of less than 3 %.