Case C‑6/22

M. B. and Others

v

X S.A.

(Request for a preliminary ruling
from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy-Woli w Warszawie)

Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 16 March 2023

(Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Articles 6 and 7 – Effects of a declaration that a term is unfair – Mortgage loan agreement indexed to a foreign currency – Continued existence of the contract without unfair terms – Consumer’s wish to have the contract declared invalid – Application of the directive after the invalidation of the contract – Powers and obligations of the national court)

1. Consumer protection – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Directive 93/13 – Finding that a term is unfair – Scope

   (Council Directive 93/13, Art. 6(1))

   (see paragraphs 22, 25, 29, 30, 33, operative part 1)

2. Consumer protection – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Directive 93/13 – Finding that a term is unfair – Scope – Removal of unfair terms resulting in the annulment of a contract and giving rise to unfavourable effects for the consumer

   (Council Directive 93/13, Arts 6(1) and 7(1))

   (see paragraphs 40, 41, 44, 45, operative part 2)

3. Consumer protection – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Directive 93/13 – Finding that a term is unfair – Scope – Replacement of an unfair term with a provision of national law of a general nature – Unlawful

   (Council Directive 93/13, Art. 6(1))

   (see paragraphs 56, 60-64, operative part 3)

See the text of the decision.