Case C‑77/24 [Wunner] ( i )

NM
and
OU

v

TE

(Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof)

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 January 2026

(Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Law applicable to non-contractual obligations – Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 – Article 4(1) – Scope – Liability in tort or delict of an officer of a company that organises online games of chance without holding the required licence – Action for the recovery of gambling losses – Place where the damage occurred)

1. Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Law applicable to non-contractual obligations – Regulation No 864/2007 – Scope – Structural aspects of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporated – Not included – Scope – Action seeking to establish liability in tort or delict on the part of the directors of a company for infringing a prohibition on offering games of chance to the public without holding a licence – Not included

   (European Parliament and Council Regulation No 864/2007, Arts 1(2)(d) and 15(a))

   (see paragraphs 24-33, operative part 1)

2. Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Law applicable to non-contractual obligations – Regulation No 864/2007 – Obligations arising out of a tort or delict – Country in which the damage occurs – Meaning – Liability in tort or delict of an officer of a company that organises online games of chance without holding a licence – Action for the recovery of gambling losses – Country in which the player is habitually resident

   (European Parliament and Council Regulations No 864/2007, recitals 6, 7, 14 and 16 and Art. 4(1) and (3), and No 1215/2012, Art. 7(2))

   (see paragraphs 36-56, operative part 2)

See the text of the decision.

( i ) The name of the present case is a fictitious name. It does not correspond to the real name of any of the parties to the proceedings.