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Sub-categories of net-zero technologies
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Final products
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Components that are primarily used for net-zero technologies
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Solar technologies
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Photovoltaic (PV) technologies
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PV grade silicon ingots or equivalent (1)
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PV wafers or equivalent (1)
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PV cells or equivalent (1)
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PV trackers and their mounting structures
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Solar thermal electric technologies
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Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants
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CSP trackers and their mounting structures
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CSP receivers (point or line)
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Solar thermal technologies
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Solar thermal collectors (including flat-plate, evacuated tube, concentrating systems and air collectors)
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Solar thermal absorbers
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Solar thermal trackers and their mounting structures
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Other solar technologies
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PV-thermal collectors (PVT)
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Onshore wind and offshore renewable technologies
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Onshore wind technologies
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Main, yaw and pitch bearings
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Direct drive drivetrains (including generator) and/or gearbox drivetrains (including generator)
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Permanent magnets of wind turbines
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Gearboxes of wind turbines
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Offshore wind technologies
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Main, yaw and pitch bearings
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Direct drive drivetrains (including generator) and/or gearbox drivetrains (including generators)
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Permanent magnets of wind turbines
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Gearboxes of wind turbines
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Other offshore renewable technologies
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Tidal stream energy technologies
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Wave energy technologies
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Battery and energy storage technologies
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Battery technologies
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Cathode active materials
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Current collectors (including thin copper, aluminium, nickel and carbon foils)
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Battery management systems (BMS)
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Battery thermal management systems (BTMS)
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Electrochemical storage technologies
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Ultracapacitors / supercapacitors
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Redox flow energy storage
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Gravitational storage technologies
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Reversible hydro turbines and pump runners
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Distributors with guide vanes
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Large hydro butterfly valves
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Large hydro spherical valves
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Large hydro hollow-jet discharge valves
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Thermal energy storage technologies
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Thermal energy storage systems
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Sensible heat storage and latent heat storage mediums (including phase-change materials and molten salts)
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Thermochemical storage materials
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Compressed / liquefied gas energy storage technologies
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Compressed air energy storage
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Liquid air energy storage
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Other energy storage technologies
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Flywheel energy storage
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Heat pumps and geothermal energy technologies
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Heat pump technologies
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Scroll compressors / heat pump rotary compressors
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Geothermal energy technologies
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Geothermal power plants
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Geothermal direct use systems
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Heat exchangers resistant to geothermal corrosive operating conditions
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Submersible pumps resistant to geothermal corrosive operating conditions
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Brine re-injection pumps
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Hydrogen technologies
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Electrolysers
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Alkaline electrolysers (AEL)
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Separators (diaphragm or membranes tailored for water electrolysis)
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Bipolar plates and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for electrolysers
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Frames and casing for electrolyser stacks assembly
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Proton exchange membrane electrolysers (PEMEL)
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Membrane electrode assemblies (3-layer) / catalyst-coated membranes
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Porous transport layers / gas diffusion layers
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Bipolar plates and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for electrolysers
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Frames and casing for electrolyser stacks assembly
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Anion exchange membrane electrolysers (AEMEL)
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Membrane electrode assemblies (3-layer) / catalyst-coated membranes
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Porous transport layers / gas diffusion layers
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Bipolar plates and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for electrolysers
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Frames and casing necessary for electrolyser stacks assembly
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Solid-oxide electrolysers (SOEL)
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Electrolytes and electrodes
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High-temperature gaskets / sealings
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Interconnectors /meshes and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for electrolysers
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Frames and casing necessary for electrolyser stacks assembly
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Hydrogen fuel cells
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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
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Membrane electrode assemblies (3-layer) / catalyst-coated membranes
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Porous transport layers / gas diffusion layers
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Bipolar plates and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for fuel cells
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Frames and casing necessary for fuel cell stacks assembly
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Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
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Electrolytes and electrodes
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High-temperature gaskets / sealants
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Interconnectors /meshes and end plates
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Electrocatalysts optimised for fuel cells
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Frames and casing necessary for fuel cell stacks assembly
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Other hydrogen technologies
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Hydrogen transmission and distribution networks
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Hydrogen refuelling stations
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Pipelines for hydrogen transmission and distribution
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Hydrogen storage facilities
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Onboard hydrogen storage tanks
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Hydrogen on-tank valves
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Hydrogen stationary storage tanks
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Plants for the conversion and extraction of hydrogen into and from ammonia
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Sustainable biogas and biomethane technologies
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Sustainable biogas technologies
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Sustainable biogas plants
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Anaerobic digesters / fermentation tanks
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Enzymes and microorganisms for sustainable biogas production
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Catalysts for sustainable biogas production
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Sustainable biomethane technologies
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Sustainable biomethane plants
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Anaerobic digesters / fermentation tanks
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Enzymes and microorganisms for sustainable biomethane production
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Biomethane upgrading units
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Catalysts for sustainable biomethane production
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CCS technologies
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Carbon capture technologies
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Solvents optimised for carbon capture
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Sorbents optimised for carbon capture
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Carbon storage technologies
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Electricity grid technologies
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Electricity grid technologies
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Cables and lines for electricity transmission and distribution, and cables connecting net-zero technologies to the electricity grid (overhead lines, underground and undersea cables, including HVDC and HVAC)
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Electricity transmission and distribution towers
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Electricity transmission and distribution towers
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Electrical conductors (including advanced conductors and high-temperature superconductors)
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Cables, lines, and associated accessories, for electricity transmission and distribution, and cables connecting net-zero technologies to the electricity grid (overhead lines, underground and undersea cables, including HVDC and HVAC)
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Cables and lines for electricity transmission and distribution, and cables connecting net-zero technologies to the electricity grid (overhead lines, underground and undersea cables, including HVDC and HVAC)
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Cable accessories, including cable joints, cable terminations and connectors
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Electrical conductors (including advanced conductors and high-temperature superconductors)
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Transformer tap changers
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Electric charging technologies for transport
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Electric vehicle supply equipment
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Electric road systems (3)
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Shore-side electricity supply equipment
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Electric air transport supply equipment
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Electric vehicle supply equipment
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Electric vehicle charging connectors
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Shore-side electricity supply equipment
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Electric air transport supply equipment
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Electric air transport charging connectors
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Technologies to digitalise the grid and other electricity grid technologies
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High- and medium-voltage power electronics equipment and components (including DC technology)
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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) technologies
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Smart meters / advanced metering and control infrastructures
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High- and medium-voltage power electronics equipment and components (including DC technology)
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Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) technologies
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Substation automation systems
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Smart meters / advanced metering and control infrastructures
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Nuclear fission energy technologies
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Nuclear fission energy technologies
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Nuclear fission power plants
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Control rods and other neutron poison systems
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Control rod drive mechanisms
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Coolant/moderator and related purification systems
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Reactor coolant pumps / gas circulators
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Primary piping and valves
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Nuclear heat exchangers
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Secondary system components
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Monitoring, instrumentation and control systems
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Nuclear measurement and detection systems
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Other components subject to the nuclear safety codes and standards
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Nuclear fuel cycle technologies
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Gas handling and flow control systems
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Chemical processing equipment
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Waste vitrification equipment
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Transportation, storage and disposal cylinders, containers and casks
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Monitoring, instrumentation and control systems
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Other components subject to the nuclear safety codes and standards
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Sustainable alternative fuels technologies
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Sustainable alternative fuels technologies
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Sustainable alternative fuels plants
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Catalysts for sustainable alternative fuels production
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Enzymes and microorganisms for sustainable alternative fuels production
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Thermochemical, electrochemical, chemical, and biochemical / biological reactors to convert biomass, recycled carbon fuels into bio-intermediates and/or syngas
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Reactors and post-treatment units to convert bio-intermediates and/or syngas and recycled carbon fuels into sustainable alternative fuels
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Hydropower technologies
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Hydropower technologies
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Distributor with guide vanes
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Large hydro butterfly valves
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Large hydrospherical valves
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Large hydro hollow-jet discharge valves
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Other renewable energy technologies
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Osmotic energy technologies
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Ambient energy technologies (other than heat pumps)
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Biomass technologies
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Briquetting compaction chambers
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Landfill gas technologies
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Sewage treatment plant gas technologies
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Other renewable energy technologies
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Energy system-related energy efficiency technologies
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Energy system-related energy efficiency technologies
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Energy management systems (EMS)
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Building automation systems (BAS)
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Automated demand response (ADR)
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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems
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Heat and cold grid technologies
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Heating and cooling distribution system pipework
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Pipe fitters and couplers
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Other energy system-related energy efficiency technologies
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Renewable fuels of non-biological origin
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Renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) technologies
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Reactors to convert H2 and CO2 or N2 into syngas or alcohols
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Reactors to convert syngas or alcohols into RFNBO
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Catalysts, enzymes and microorganisms for RFNBO production
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Biotech climate and energy solutions
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Biotech climate and energy solutions
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Microorganisms and microbial strains (including but not limited to bacteria, yeasts, microalgae, fungi, and archaea) that are used to pretreat and convert feedstock into biofuels, recycled carbon fuels and renewable fuels, bio-based and recycled carbon chemicals, biopolymers bio-based materials and bio-based products
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Enzymes (including but not limited to amylase and cellulase) that are used to pretreat and convert feedstock into biofuels, bio-based chemicals, bio-based materials and bio-based products, or that are used to catalyse reactions in chemical processes
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Microorganisms and microbial strains (including but not limited to bacteria, yeasts, microalgae, fungi, and archaea) that are used to pretreat and convert feedstock into biofuels, recycled carbon fuels and renewable fuels, bio-based and recycled carbon chemicals, biopolymers bio-based materials and bio-based products
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Enzymes (including but not limited to amylase and cellulase) that are used to pretreat and convert feedstock into biofuels, bio-based chemicals, bio-based materials and bio-based products, or that are used to catalyse reactions in chemical processes
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Transformative industrial technologies for decarbonisation
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Transformative industrial technologies for decarbonisation
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Hydrogen-ready direct-reduced iron reactors
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Open slag bath furnaces
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Industrial electric boilers
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Industrial induction heaters / furnaces (4)
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Industrial infrared heaters / furnaces
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Industrial microwave heaters / furnaces
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Industrial radio-wave heaters / furnaces
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Industrial resistive heaters / furnaces
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Graphite or carbon electrodes for electric furnaces
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Industrial electric boilers
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Industrial induction heaters / furnaces
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Industrial induction coils
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Industrial infrared heaters / furnaces
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Industrial infrared emitters
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Industrial microwave heaters / furnaces
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Industrial radio-wave heaters / furnaces
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Radio frequency generators
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Industrial resistive heaters / furnaces
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Molybdenum electrodes for electric furnaces
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CO2 transport and utilisation technologies
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CO2 transport technologies
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CO2 transport infrastructure
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CO2 utilisation technologies
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Thermochemical utilisation
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Electrochemical utilisation
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Catalysts tailored for CO2 conversion processes
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Wind and electric propulsion technologies for transport
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Wind propulsion technologies
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Rigid and semi-rigid wing sails
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Electric propulsion technologies
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Electric propulsion systems for road and off-road transport
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Electric propulsion systems for rail transport
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Electric propulsion systems for waterborne transport
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Electric propulsion systems for air transport
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Transport propulsion electric motors
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Permanent magnets of transport electric motors
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Transport battery packs
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Electric propulsion high voltage power distribution units
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Onboard hydrogen storages tanks
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Current collectors (including pantographs)
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Other nuclear technologies
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Other nuclear technologies (such as nuclear fusion technologies)
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