Name

Identifying information

Statement of Reasons

Date of listing

▼M7

1.

Nikolai Pavlovich DUBOVIK

(Николай Павлович ДУБОВИК)

Position: Judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

DOB:23.4.1956

Nikolai Pavlovich Dubovik is a judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. In his position, he refused to consider Alexei Navalny’s cassation appeal against the verdict in the ‘slander of a veteran’ trial. As a result, he politically discredited Alexei Navalny before the 2020 constitutional referendum in Russia.

Therefore, Nikolai Pavlovich Dubovik is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

2.

Eduard Borisovich ERDYNIEV

(Эдуард Борисович ЭРДЫНИЕВ)

Position: Judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

DOB: 16.3.1964

Eduard Borisovich Erdyniev is a judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. In his position, he refused to consider Alexei Navalny’s cassation appeal against the decision to replace the probation sentence with a fully-fledged sentence. Consequently, Alexei Navalny was pronounced guilty and, years later, was imprisoned in a high-security penal colony in order to prevent him from engaging in political activity.

Therefore, Eduard Borisovich Erdyniev is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

3.

Andrey Vladimirovich FEDOROV

(Андрей Владимирович ФЕДОРОВ/ФЁДОРОВ)

Position: Deputy Chairman of the Kirovsky District Court of Tomsk

Judge of the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Andrey Vladimirovich Fedorov is a Russian judge working in the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk. In his position, he rejected the complaint about the inaction of the officials of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation of the Tomsk Oblast regarding the poisoning of Alexei Navalny. His decision resulted in the imprisonment of Alexei Navalny.

He has been promoted to Deputy Chairman of the Kirovsky District Court of Tomsk.

Therefore, Andrey Vladimirovich Fedorov is responsible for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

27.5.2024

▼B

4.

Ekaterina Vasilevna FEDOTOVA (NAUMOVA)

(Екатерина Васильевна ФЕДОТОВА (НАУМОВА))

Position: Representative of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Khimki, Moscow Oblast

DOB: 6.11.1995

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Ekaterina Vasilevna Fedotova (Naumova) works in the Representation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Khimki, Moscow Oblast. In her position, she took part in the court meeting of 18 January 2021, organised at a police station, and demanded the extension of the illegal detention of Alexei Navalny by 30 days.

Therefore, Ekaterina Vasilevna Fedotova (Naumova) is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

5.

Inna Alexandrovna FESENKO

(Инна Александровна ФЕСЕНКО)

Position: Judge of the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk

DOB: 22.12.1968

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Inna Alexandrovna Fesenko is a Russian judge working in the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk. In her position, she twice rejected complaints about the inaction of the Tomsk transport police regarding the poisoning of Alexei Navalny. Furthermore, she imposed a ban on certain actions on Ksenia Fadeeva, the former head of Navalny’s organisation headquarters in Tomsk.

Therefore, Inna Alexandrovna Fesenko is responsible for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

27.5.2024

6.

Ekaterina Viktorovna GALYAUTDINOVA

(Екатерина Викторовна ГАЛЯУТДИНОВА)

Position: Judge of the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk

DOB: 1969

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Ekaterina Viktorovna Galyautdinova is a Russian judge working in the Kirovsky District Court, city of Tomsk. In her position, she twice rejected complaints about the inaction of the Tomsk Transport Police regarding the investigation into the poisoning of Alexei Navalny.

Therefore, Ekaterina Viktorovna Galyautdinova is responsible for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

27.5.2024

7.

Dmitry Evgenevich PANKRATOV

(Дмитрий Евгеньевич ПАНКРАТОВ)

Position: Senior Investigator of the Main Military Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Colonel of Justice

DOB: 29.12.1967

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Dmitry Evgenevich Pankratov is a Senior Investigator of the Main Military Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. In his position, he refused to initiate an investigation into the attempted murder of Alexei Navalny following Navalny’s was poisoning with the nerve agent Novichok.

Therefore, Dmitry Evgenevich Pankratov is responsible for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

27.5.2024

8.

Evgeniy Borisovich RASTORGUEV

(Евгений Борисович РАСТОРГУЕВ)

Position: Judge of the 9th Arbitration Court of Appeal, Russia

DOB: 20.8.1970

POB: Vladimir Oblast, former USSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Evgeniy Borisovich Rastorguev is a judge of the 9th Arbitration Court of Appeal, Russia. In his position, he upheld the claim of the ‘Druzhba Narodov’ company against Alexei Navalny. Alexei Navalny had claimed, in his investigation, that the company is engaged in a corruption scheme with the Russian National Guard (Rosgvardia).

Therefore, Evgeniy Borisovich Rastorguev is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

27.5.2024

9.

Alexander Sergeevich ERMOLENKO

(Александр Сергеевич ЕРМОЛЕНКО)

Position: Head of branch No 15 of the federal governmental institution ‘Criminal Executive Inspectorate of the Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the City of Moscow’

DOB: 11.11.1993

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Alexander Sergeevich Ermolenko is the Head of branch No 15 of the federal governmental institution ‘Criminal Executive Inspectorate of the Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the City of Moscow’. In his position, he supported the transformation of Alexei Navalny’s suspended sentence into a custodial sentence during the court hearing in the Yves Rocher case.

Therefore, Alexander Sergeevich Ermolenko is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

10.

Irina Geroldovna KIM

(Ирина Герольдовна КИМ)

Position: Judge of the Kovrov City Court of Vladimir Oblast

DOB: 14.8.1978

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Irina Geroldovna Kim is a judge of the Kovrov City Court of Vladimir Oblast.

As from 2022, she was directly involved in creating and maintaining torturous conditions for Alexei Navalny through repeatedly rejecting Alexei Navalny’s claims against the IK-6 penal colony regarding his treatment, where he was serving a sentence imposed as a result of politically motivated prosecution.

Therefore, Irina Geroldovna Kim is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary detentions, and the systematic violation of freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

▼M2

11.

Kirill Sergeevich NIKIFOROV

(Кирилл Сергеевич НИКИФОРОВ)

Position: Judge of the Regional Court of Vladimir Oblast

Former judge of the Kovrov City Court of Vladimir Oblast

DOB: 14.3.1992

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Kirill Sergeevich Nikiforov was a judge of the Kovrov City Court of Vladimir Oblast.

As from 2022, he was directly involved in creating and maintaining torturous conditions for Alexei Navalny through repeatedly rejecting Alexei Navalny’s claims against the IK-6 penal colony regarding his treatment, where he was serving a 12-year sentence imposed as a result of politically motivated prosecution.

Therefore, Kirill Sergeevich Nikiforov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary detentions, and the systematic violation of freedom of opinion and expression.

He remains active in the judicial system in Russia and in December 2024 he was promoted to the position of judge of the Regional Court of Vladimir Oblast.

27.5.2024

▼M7

12.

Sergey Vladimirovich BLINOV

(Сергей Владимирович БЛИНОВ)

Position: Chairman of the Slobodskoy District Court of the Kirov Region

Former judge of the Leninsky District Court of Kirov

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

DOB: 1978

Sergey Vladimirovich Blinov was a judge of the Leninsky District Court of Kirov.

In 2013, he sentenced Alexei Navalny to 5 years and businessman Pyotr Ofitserov to 4 years in prison on embezzlement charges in the politically motivated trial of the ‘Kirovles case’. Additionally, they were fined 500 000 rubles each.

Therefore, Sergey Vladimirovich Blinov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

He is currently serving as the chairman of the Slobodskoy District Court of the Kirov Region.

27.5.2024

13.

Evgeny Vladimirovich BORISOV

(Евгений Владимирович БОРИСОВ)

Position: judge of the Nikulinsky District Court of Moscow

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

DOB:13.3.1984

Evgeny Vladimirovich Borisov is a judge at the Nikulinsky District Court of Moscow.

In 2015, he accepted the claim of the Kirovles company to recover 16 million rubles from Alexei Navalny and two other defendants in the politically motivated ‘Kirovles case’.

Therefore, Evgeny Vladimirovich Borisov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

▼B

14.

Tatyana Stanislavovna DODONOVA

(Татьяна Станиславовна ДОДОНОВА)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Tatyana Stanislavovna Dodonova is a judge at the Moscow City Court.

In 2014, she recognised the decision to place Alexei Navalny under house arrest as legal in the ‘Yves Rocher’ case. She has systematically been involved in cases against citizens of the Russian Federation who have opposed the political regime in Russia by sentencing arrested persons in connection with the 2019 Moscow Protests.

Therefore, Tatyana Stanislavovna Dodonova is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

15.

Elena Sergeevna ASTAKHOVA

(Елена Сергеевна АСТАХОВА)

Position: Judge in the Golovinsky District Court of Moscow

DOB: 30.3.1978

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

ID NO. 45 01 525454

Taxpayer Personal Identification Number (ИНН):

7703204586

As judge of the Golovinsky District Court of Moscow, Elena Sergeevna Astakhova, sentenced Oleg Orlov, a prominent human rights defender and co-chairman of ‘Memorial’, to two years and six months in a general regime colony on politically motivated charges for speaking up against Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Oleg Orlov, aged 70, is one of the most respected and longest-serving human rights defenders in Russia, one of the leaders of the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize-winning organisation Memorial Human Rights Defence Center (HRDC ‘Memorial’), which was liquidated as part of the systematic, wide-scale crackdown on the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association in Russia. Oleg Orlov was charged with and sentenced for allegedly ‘discrediting’ the Russian army after publishing an opinion piece in French media against Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

Therefore, Elena Sergeevna Astakhova is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

16.

Olesya Yurievna VOROBYOVA

(Олеся Юрьевна ВОРОБЬЕВА)

Position: State Prosecutor

DOB: 4.6.1981

As prosecutor in the politically motivated case against the prominent human rights defender Oleg Orlov, Olesya Yurievna Vorobyova asked to sentence Oleg Orlov to 2 years and 11 months in prison, arguing that Orlov’s article against Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine was motivated by ‘ideological hostility and hatred’. Oleg Orlov, aged 70, is one of the most respected and longest-serving human rights defenders in Russia, one of the leaders of the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize-winning organisation Memorial Human Rights Defence Center (HRDC ‘Memorial’), which was liquidated as part of the systematic, wide-scale crackdown on the freedoms of expression, peaceful assembly, and association in Russia. Oleg Orlov was charged with and sentenced for allegedly ‘discrediting’ the Russian army after publishing an opinion piece in French media against Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

Therefore, Olesya Yurievna Vorobyova is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

17.

Ilya Andreevich SAVCHENKO

(Илья Андреевич САВЧЕНКО)

Position: Investigator in the Investigative Department of Tver (Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation)

DOB: 18.6.1997

POB: Rtishchevo — Saratov Region, Russian Federation

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As investigator in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Ilya Andreevich Savchenko was assigned Oleg Orlov’s case and contributed to Orlov’s indictment for having published an opinion piece against Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Ilya Andreevich Savchenko established that Orlov had published the article guided by ‘ideological hostility against traditional Russian spiritual, moral and patriotic values’ and of hatred towards the social group ‘Russian militaries’.

Therefore, investigator Ilya Andreevich Savchenko is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

▼M2

18.

Oksana Vasilyevna DEMYASHEVA

(Оксана Васильевна ДЕМЯШЕВА)

Position: Deputy Chairperson of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

Former judge of the Vasileostrovsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

DOB: 10.3.1980

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

In her former position as judge of the Vasileostrovsky District Court of Saint Petersburg, Oksana Vasilyevna Demyasheva sentenced Alexandra Skochilenko, an artist, to seven years in prison on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Skochilenko was arrested for replacing price tags at a supermarket with anti-war stickers. She became one of the first people charged under the newly passed criminal law outlawing so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army, her trial attracting wide public attention for the unprecedented pressure Skochilenko faced from the jail administration, the judge, and the prosecution.

Therefore, Oksana Vasilyevna Demyasheva is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

She remains active in the judicial system in Russia and in June 2024 was appointed to the position of deputy chairperson of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg.

27.5.2024

▼B

19.

Alexander Yurievich GLADYSHEV

(Александр Юрьевич ГЛАДЫШЕВ)

Position: Prosecutor in the Department of State Prosecutors/Saint Petersburg Prosecutor’s Office

DOB: 28.10.1994

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As prosecutor of the Prosector’s Office in Saint Petersburg, Alexander Yurievich Gladyshev asked for an eight-year prison sentence for Alexandra Skochilenko, an artist, on politically motivated charges of spreading ‘fake news’ about the army, after she was arrested for replacing price tags at a supermarket with anti-war stickers. Skochilenko became one of the first persons charged under the newly passed criminal law outlawing so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army, her trial attracting wide public attention for the unprecedented pressure Skochilenko faced from the jail administration, the judge, and the prosecution.

Therefore, Alexander Yurievich Gladyshev is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia by violating freedom of opinion and expression.

27.5.2024

▼M1

20.

Olesya Anatoleyevna MENDELEYEVA

(Олеся Анатольевна МЕНДЕЛЕЕВА)

Position: judge of the Meshchansky Court of Moscow

DOB: 18.4.1981

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Olesya Mendeleyeva is a judge of the Meshchansky Court of Moscow. She sentenced Alexei Gorinov, local activist and municipal deputy, to 7 years imprisonment on politically-motivated charges pursuant to Article 207.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the dissemination of deliberately false information about the actions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The basis for the sentencing was Gorinov’s opinion expressed during a meeting of the Council of Deputies of the Krasnoselsky municipal district that a children’s drawing competition following Russia’s aggression against Ukraine looked like a ‘feast during the plague’. The trial was swift and, according to independent experts, served as a tool to intimidate other dissenting Russian citizens. This sentence was one of the first sentences of imprisonment imposed by a Russian judge under Article 207.1 which was not suspended. During the trial, Judge Mendeleyeva regularly sided with the prosecution and refused almost all requests of the defence and the defendant, including a request to release him from custody due to a deteriorating health condition. Judge Mendeleyeva fully satisfied the prosecution’s demands and sentenced Gorinov to 7 years imprisonment for non-violent action. That imprisonment has led to a significant deterioration of his health condition in a penal colony and to inadequate medical care.

Therefore, Olesya Mendeleyeva is responsible for serious violations of human rights, for the repression of democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

21.

Olga Vladimirovna BALANDINA

(Ольга Владимировна БАЛАНДИНА)

Position: judge of the Sovetsky City Court of Kaliningrad Oblast

DOB: 5.6.1979

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Olga Balandina is a judge of the Sovetsky City Court of Kaliningrad Oblast. She sentenced Igor Baryshnikov, local activist, to 7,5 years imprisonment on politically-motivated charges, pursuant to Article 207.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, for publishing posts about Russia’s bombardment of Mariupol and atrocities in Bucha. During the trial, despite an attending physician testifying under oath that imprisonment might prove fatal for Baryshnikov due to cystotomy and a catheter in his abdomen, the judge refused to conduct a forensic examination of the defendant’s health. Consequently, imprisonment has led to inadequate treatment in the penal colony and to the deterioration of Igor Baryshnikov’s health condition. The judge also refused to allow Igor Baryshnikov to attend his mother’s funeral when she passed away 1,5 months after the sentencing.

Therefore, Olga Balandina is responsible for serious violations of human rights, for the repression of democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

22.

Svetlana Fyodorovna ZHURAVLOVA

(Светлана Фёдоровна ЖУРАВЛЁВА)

Position: Senior Assistant of the Meshchansky Interdistrict Prosecutor’s Office

DOB: 8.7.1988

Nationality: Russian

Address: 1 Krasnoselsky per. 5/14, 107140 Moscow

Svetlana Zhuravlova is a Senior Assistant of the Meshchansky Interdistrict Prosecutor’s Office. She served as a prosecutor during Alexei Gorinov’s trial. Mr. Gorinov is a local activist and municipal deputy, who was sentenced to 7 years imprisonment on politically-motivated charges pursuant to Article 207.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the dissemination of deliberately false information about the actions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The basis for the sentencing was Mr. Gorinov’s opinion expressed during a meeting of the Council of Deputies of the Krasnoselsky municipal district that a children’s drawing competition following Russia’s aggression against Ukraine looked like a ‘feast during the plague’. The trial was swift and, according to independent experts, served as a tool to intimidate other dissenting Russian citizens. This sentence was on of the first sentences of imprisonment imposed by a Russian judge under Article 207.1 which was not suspended. Prosecutor Zhuravlova opposed all defence requests which could have improved the situation of the defendant or clarified the legal situation, including a request to release Mr. Gorinov from the glass cage in which he had to stay during the trial, a request to release him from custody due to a deteriorating health condition and a request to determine whether Article 207.1 complied with the Russian constitution. The judge sided with Prosecutor Zhuravlova on all of the above-mentioned requests. Prosecutor Zhuravlova demanded that the court sentence Mr. Gorinov to 7 years imprisonment for non-violent action, which was fully satisfied by the judge. That imprisonment has led to the significant deterioration of his health condition in the penal colony and to inadequate medical care.

Therefore, Svetlana Zhuravlova is responsible for serious violations of human rights, for the repression of democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

23.

Alexey Sergeyevich KHARLAMOV

(Алексей Сергеевич ХАРЛАМОВ)

Position: Chairman of the Moscow Regional Court

DOB: 25.1.1975

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Alexey Kharlamov is the Chairman of the Moscow Regional Court who was previously a judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Court.

In his position as member of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in April 2018, he upheld the verdict against the opposition politician Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg in the Yves Rocher case even though, in October 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia had violated the Navalny brothers’ right to a fair trial and punishment solely on the basis of the law. Consequently, Alexei Navalny was pronounced guilty and, as a result, imprisoned years later in a high-security penal colony in order to prevent him from taking part in political activities.

Therefore, Alexey Kharlamov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

24.

Tatiana Alexandrovna MOLITVINA

(Татьяна Александровна МОЛИТВИНА)

Position: judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 28.3.1987

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Tatiana Molitvina is a judge of the Moscow City Court. Before her appointment to her present position, she was a judge of the Tverskoy District Court in the city of Moscow.

In her position as a judge of the Tverskoy District Court in the city of Moscow, she refused to accept a claim against the Prosecutor General, Yuri Chaika, and the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, made by Alexei Navalny and the Anti-Corruption Foundation. Mr. Navalny’s claim was one of several attempts to sue Yuri Chaika for defamation following the release of an investigative film by Mr. Navalny’s Anti-Corruption Foundation that accused Chaika’s family members of involvement in illegal activities.

Therefore, Tatiana Molitvina is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

25.

Tatiana Anatolevna PETROVA

(Татьяна Анатольевна ПЕТРОВА)

Position: Deputy Chairwoman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

DOB: 27.7.1961

POB: Sychevka, Smolensk region

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Tatiana Petrova is the Deputy Chairwoman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

In her position as member of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in April 2018, she upheld the verdict against the opposition politician Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg in the Yves Rocher case even though, in October 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia had violated the Navalny brothers’ right to a fair trial and punishment. Consequently, Alexei Navalny was pronounced guilty and, as a result, was imprisoned years later in a high-security penal colony in order to prevent him from taking part in political activity.

Therefore, Tatiana Petrova is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

26.

Sergei Vladimirovich BOGDANOV

(Сергей Владимирович БОГДАНОВ)

Position: State Prosecutor of the Kirov oblast

DOB: Probably 1973

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Sergei Bogdanov is a state prosecutor of the Kirov oblast, Russia.

He represented the state prosecutor’s office in several court hearings against Alexei Navalny and Pyotr Ofitserov in the Kirovles case.

In July 2013, he requested 6 years imprisonment in a general regime penal colony for Mr. Navalny and 5 years for Mr. Ofitserov. Moreover, the state prosecution imposed an additional punishment on the defendants of a fine of 1 million RUB each.

In December 2016, the state prosecutor, Mr. Bogdanov presented a ‘similar indictment’ to the one filed in 2013. That happened despite the fact that, following the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) decision, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned the sentences against Mr. Navalny and Mr. Ofitserov and sent the case back for retrial.

In February 2017, at the retrial of the Kirovles case, Prosecutor Bogdanov delivered a speech similar to the one he delivered in 2013 and only added a comment on the decisions of the ECHR and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to overturn the sentencing of Mr. Navalny and Mr. Ofitserov. In his opinion, the reference to these decisions had no legal basis, since an independent trial was taking place and the ECHR verdict had no predetermined force. As a result, the court found Mr. Navalny and Mr. Ofitserov guilty and sentenced them to 5 and 4 years probation and a fine of 500 000  RUB each.

Therefore, Sergey Bogdanov is responsible for serious human rights violations and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

27.

Ekaterina Sergeevna FROLOVA

(Екатерина Сергеевна ФРОЛОВА)

Position: State prosecutor at the Prosecutor General’s Office

DOB: Around 1988

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Associated entities: Criminal Justice Department of the Moscow Prosecutor’s Office

Ekaterina Frolova is a state prosecutor at the Prosecutor General’s Office.

In 2020, she was promoted from the Central Administrative District to prosecutor of the Criminal Justice Department of the Moscow Prosecutor’s Office. In that position, she acted as the prosecutor in several proceedings against Alexei Navalny. In February 2021, she supported in court the replacement of Alexei Navalny’s suspended sentence with a term of actual imprisonment in the Yves Rocher case, despite his treatment at the Charité clinic, the expiration of his probationary period and the ruling of the European Court of Human Rights. In the same month, she asked the court to find Mr. Navalny guilty of slander against WWII veteran Ignat Artemenko. After her participation in the Navalny trial, Ekaterina Frolova was promoted to state prosecutor at the Prosecutor General’s Office.

Therefore, Ekaterina Frolova is responsible for serious human rights violations and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

28.

Mikhail Yurevich KAZAKOV

(Михаил Юрьевич КАЗАКОВ)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 9.2.1976

Nationality: Russian

Gender: Male

Associated entities: Moscow City Court

Mikhail Kazakov is a Russian judge working in the Moscow City Court. In the proceedings to classify the Anti-Corruption Foundation, its legal entity, the Foundation for the Protection of Citizens’ Rights, and the Navalny headquarters as extremist organisations, he classified the materials in the case, preventing access to them for Alexei Navalny and his lawyers. In December 2021, Mr. Kazakov ruled to liquidate the Memorial Human Rights Center and its structural units.

Therefore, Mikhail Kazakov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of association and freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

29.

Alexander Alexandrovich KEMEROV

(Александр Александрович КЕМЕРОВ)

Position: Investigator at the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Kemerovo region

DOB: 27.9.1984

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Alexander Kemerov is the investigator at the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Kemerovo region, Kuzbass.

In that position, he was involved in the fabrication of the ‘extremism case’ against Alexei Navalny’s supporters, including Vadim Ostanin, the former head of the Navalny headquarters in Barnaul, as well as the fabricated fraud case against Alexei Navalny himself. Mr. Kemerov put pressure on the former employee of Navalny’s Anti-Corruption Foundation, Fyodor Gorozhanko, to testify against Alexei Navalny in order to incriminate him.

Therefore, Alexander Kemerov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrests or detentions. He is also responsible for violations or abuses of freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

30.

Valentin Valentinovich ERSHOV

(Валентин Валентинович ЕРШОВ)

Position: Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Regional Court

DOB: 8.4.1985

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Valentin Ershov is the Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Regional Court. In the past, he held the position of judge of the Presnensky District Court of Moscow, followed by the position of judge of the Moscow Regional Court.

In his position, in a politically motivated proceeding, he refused to process a lawsuit filed by Alexei Navalny and the Anti-Corruption Foundation against Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika and the editorial board of the electronic periodical ‘Ekho Moskvy’ for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation.

Therefore, Valentin Ershov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

31.

Ruslan Shavkyatovich NEVEROV

(Руслан Шавкатович НЕВЕРОВ)

Position: Investigator for especially important cases of the 1st control-zonal department of the procedural control and criminalistics department of the Main Military Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee, colonel of justice

DOB: 22.6.1979

Nationality: Russian

Phone number: +7-905-503-1997

Ruslan Neverov is the investigator for especially important cases of the 1st control-zonal department of the procedural control and criminalistics department of the Main Military Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee.

In his position, in March 2021 in the proceeding in the 235th Garrison Military Court, he requested the dismissal of a complaint about the inaction of the Main Military Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee regarding the poisoning of Alexei Navalny in 2020 by Novichok nerve agent. The Court agreed to reject Mr. Navalny’s claim.

Therefore, Ruslan Neverov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

32.

Elena Alekseevna KOROBKOVA

(Елена Алексеевна КОРОБКОВА)

Position: Head of the Department for the Execution of Sentences not Related to the Isolation of Convicts from Society

DOB: 4.10.1970

Gender: female

Phone number: + 7-916-456-3230

Elena Korobkova is the head of the Department for the Execution of Sentences not Related to the Isolation of Convicts from Society. In 2020, Russian opposition leader and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny was poisoned with Novichok nerve agent and as a result was hospitalised in a serious condition in Berlin, Germany. Due to his condition, he was unable to attend the inspection ordered by the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) of the Russian Federation. Following that event, on December 29, 2020, the Penitentiary Inspectorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Moscow made a submission to the court to cancel Mr. Navalny’s suspended sentence and execute the sentence imposed by the court. Elena Korobkova, as a representative of FSIN, demanded that the opposition activist’s suspended sentence be replaced with a custodial one.

Therefore, Elena Korobkova is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

33.

Margarita Nikolaevna KOTOVA

(Маргарита Николаевна КОТОВА)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court; former Judge of the Lefortovsky District Court of Moscow

DOB: 25.6.1984

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Address: Severodvinskaya Street, 11 Bldg. 1, Moscow, Russia, 127224

ITN: 771508948129

Phone number: + 7-926-288-0049

Margarita Kotova is a judge of the Moscow City Court. She was a judge of the Lefortovsky District Court of Moscow until 2022. In her former capacity, Judge Margarita Kotova found Alexei Navalny guilty in a court inside the maximum-security prison in Pokrov, 100 km east of Moscow where he is already serving a 2,5 -year sentence for violating parole while in recovery from poisoning. She sentenced Alexei Navalny to 9 years imprisonment in a maximum-security colony with a fine of 1,2  million RUB on a trumped-up case of fraud and insult to the court. Alexei Navalny was also accused of fraud in relation to donations and of insulting a judge. She also extended pre-trial detention for a man under false motives for his pro-Ukrainian views in breach of his rights of defence.

Therefore, Margarita Kotova is responsible for serious violations of the right of defence and of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

34.

Nadezhda Viktorovna TIKHONOVA

(Надежда Викторовна ТИХОНОВА)

Position: prosecutor of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation

DOB: 23.9.1974

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Nadezhda Tikhonova is a prosecutor of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. Nadezhda Tikhonova asked a court to find Alexei Navalny guilty and to sentence him to 13 years imprisonment and 2 years of restriction of liberty, with a fine of 1,2  million RUB in a fabricated case of fraud for collecting donations for the work of the Anti-Corruption Foundation, and of contempt of court.

Therefore, Nadezhda Tikhonova is responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

35.

Viktor Vladimirovich ROGOV

(Виктор Владимирович РОГОВ)

Position: Judge of the First Court of Appeal of General Jurisdiction

DOB: 26.5.1965

Phone number: + 7-919-075-0024

Viktor Rogov is a judge at the First Court of Appeal of General Jurisdiction. He upheld the sentences against politician Alexei Navalny and Daniel Kholodny, technical director of the YouTube channel ‘Navalny LIVE’. The Moscow City Court found Mr. Navalny guilty of creating an NGO that encroaches on the rights of citizens, financing extremism, creating an extremist community, involving minors in committing dangerous acts, and rehabilitating Nazism. Mr. Navalny was sentenced to 19 years imprisonment in a special regime colony and a fine of 500 000 RUB. Mr. Kholodny was found guilty of financing extremist activities and participation in the activities of an extremist organisation and was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment in a general regime colony. After hearing the sentence, Mr. Navalny and Mr. Kholodny appealed the court’s decision at the First Court of Appeal in Moscow where judge Rogov refused their appeal and upheld the original decision. Mr. Rogov also upheld the decision sentencing opposition leader Vladimir Kara-Murza to 25 years imprisonment in a maximum security penal colony for charges of high treason, involvement in the activities of an undesirable group, and discrediting Russia’s armed forces.

Therefore, Viktor Rogov is responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

▼M7

36.

Denis Gennadievich POPOV

(Денис Геннадьевич ПОПОВ)

Position: Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies, and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters

Former prosecutor of the city of Moscow

DOB: 12.1.1972

POB: Sverdlovsk

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

TIN: 770970517335

Denis Popov was the prosecutor of the city of Moscow. He was appointed by President Putin in 2019. Mr Popov was responsible for organising the state prosecution of Alexei Navalny and other opposition leaders and political activists in Moscow. He directly oversaw the recognition as extremist structures of organisations created by Alexei Navalny to support his political activities.

Therefore, Denis Popov is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights or for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

He is currently a Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies, and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.

20.5.2025

▼M1

37.

Alina Vladimirovna IBRAGIMOVA

(Елена Владимировна ИБРАГИМОВА)

Position: Judge of the Kirovsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

As judge of the Kirovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg, Alina Ibragimova sentenced Olga Smirnova, architect and political activist, to 1 month imprisonment on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Olga Smirnova was arrested for publishing anti-war information on social media in a VK-group.

Therefore, Alina Ibragimova is responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

38.

Olesya Igorevna KABOCHKINA

(Олеся Игоревна КАБОЧКИНА)

Position: Assistant Prosecutor of the Kalininsky District of Saint Petersburg

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

As assistant prosecutor of the Kalininsky District of Saint Petersburg, Olesya Kabochkina asked for a 7 year sentence of imprisonment for Ioann Kurmoyarov, blogger and priest, on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Ioann Kurmoyarov was arrested for publishing video content on different social media platforms, where he criticised Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on Christian pacifist and Orthodox theological bases. Olesya Kabochkina also works as prosecutor in the case of Evgeny Bestuzhev who has been detained for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army.

Therefore, Olesya Kabochkina is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

39.

Ulyana Andreyevna KALUGINA

(Ульяна Андреевна КАЛУГИНА)

Position: Deputy Prosecutor of the Kalininsky District of Saint Petersburg

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

As deputy prosecutor of the Kalininsky District of Saint Petersburg, Ulyana Kalugina asked for compulsory medical measures for Viktoria Petrova, manager, on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Ms Petrova was arrested for sharing anti-war YouTube-videos such as material from Maksim Kants, Aleksandr Nevzorov and the Ukrainian president Zelensky on her personal VK-page. Ulyana Kalugina also acted as prosecutor in the beginning of Ioann Kurmoyarov’s case, asking for a prison sentence for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army.

Therefore, Ulyana Kalugina is responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

40.

Dmitry Alekseyevich MIHAILOV

(Дмитрий Алексеевич МИХАЙЛОВ)

Position: Judge of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Karelia

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As judge of the Supreme Court of Republic of Karelia in Petrozavodsk, Dmitry Mihailov sentenced Sergey Drugov, blogger and activist, to 2 years of forced labour on politically-motivated charges for so-called ‘rehabilitation of Nazism’. Drugov was arrested for reposting anti-war information on his Telegram-channel, which was followed by approximately 67 people.

Therefore, Dmitry Mihailov is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

41.

Natalya Vladimirovna PETROVA

(Наталья Владимировна ПЕТРОВА)

Position: Judge of the Kirovsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

As judge of the Kirovsky District Court of Saint Petersburg, Natalya Petrova sentenced Olga Smirnova, architect and political activist, to 6 years imprisonment on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Olga Smirnova was arrested for publishing anti-war information on social media in a VK-group.

Therefore, Natalya Petrova is responsible for serious violations of human rights, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

42.

Gennadi Yuvinaliyevich PILEHIN

(Геннадий Ювиналиевич ПИЛЕХИН)

Position: Judge of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

DOB: 11.8.1972

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Address: st. Vosstaniya, 17, St. Petersburg, Russia, 191036 Apartment 2

As judge of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg, Gennadi Pilehin sentenced Viktoria Petrova, manager, to compulsory medical measures on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Ms Petrova was arrested for sharing anti-war YouTube-videos such as material from Maksim Kants, Aleksandr Nevzorov and the Ukrainian president Zelensky on her personal VK-page.

Therefore, Gennadi Pilehin is responsible for serious violations of human rights, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

▼M7

43.

Ekaterina Feliksovna TIAMINA

(Екатерина Феликсовна ТЯМИНА)

Position: Judge of the Saint. Petersburg City Court

Former judge of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

As judge of the Kalininsky District Court of Saint Petersburg, Ekaterina Tiamina sentenced Ioann Kurmoyarov, blogger and priest, to 3 years imprisonment on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Ioann Kurmoyarov was arrested for publishing video content on different social media platforms, where he criticised Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on Christian pacifist and Orthodox theological bases.

Ekaterina Tiamina also prolonged the incarceration of Viktoria Petrova, manager, on politically-motivated charges for spreading so-called ‘fake news’ about the Russian army. Ms Petrova was arrested for sharing anti-war YouTube-videos such as material from Maksim Kants, Aleksandr Nevzorov and the Ukrainian president Zelensky on her personal VK-page.

Therefore, Ekaterina Tiamina is responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

She is currently serving as a judge of the Saint Petersburg City Court.

20.5.2025

▼M1

44.

Vyacheslav Vasilyevich VITUKHIN

(Вячеслав Васильевич ВИТУХИН)

Position: Prosecutor of the Prosecutor’s Office in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As prosecutor of the Prosecutor’s Office in Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Vyacheslav Vitukhin asked for a 2 year sentence of imprisonment for Sergey Drugov, blogger and activist, on politically motivated charges for so-called ‘rehabilitation of Nazism’. Drugov was arrested for reposting anti-war information on his Telegram-channel, which was followed by approximately 67 people.

Therefore, Vyacheslav Vitukhin is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

45.

Yulia Viacheslavovna SHILOVA

(Юлия Вячеславовна ШИЛОВА)

Position: Federal Judge at Court district Petushinsky in Russia

Nationality: Russian

Date of birth: 28.9.1990

Place of birth (town, country): Tulaga, Gorkovskaya Oblast, USSR (Currently: Nizhegorodskaya Oblast, Russian Federation)

Gender: female

Yulia Shilova is a federal judge at Court district Petushinsky in Russia. She was appointed in 2022 by decree of Vladimir Putin. Yulia Shilova was the appointed judge in a politically motivated case, namely the trial concerning the three lawyers of the late Alexei Navalny: V. Kobzev, I. Sergunin and A. Liptser. Those lawyers were arrested in October 2023 while the trials against Alexei Navalny were ongoing. The court proceedings against the lawyers took place behind closed doors from September 2024 until late December 2024. The trial was characterised by arbitrary and unfair proceedings authorised by Yulia Shilova, including hearings behind closed doors, and the making of a decision by her to sentence the lawyers of the late Alexei Navalny on arbitrary grounds. Judge Yulia Shilova has arbitrarily sentenced the three lawyers of Alexei Navalny based on their alleged ‘extremist activities’.

Yulia Shilova is therefore responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the right to a fair trial, as well as for the repression of civil society, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

46.

Andrei Valerievich KATKOV

(Андрей Валерьевич КАТКОВ)

Position: Head of the Department of State Prosecutors of the Vladimir Region

Nationality: Russian

Date of birth: 28.8.1979

Place of birth (town, country): Unknown

Gender: male

Andrei Katkov is Head of the Department of State Prosecutors of the Vladimir Region Prosecutor’s Office in Russia. Andrei Katkov was the prosecutor in the politically motivated case against the three lawyers of late Aleksei Navalny: V. Kobzev, I. Sergunin and A. Liptser. The lawyers were arrested in October 2023 while Navalny’s trial was still ongoing. The court proceedings against the lawyers took place behind closed doors from September 2024 until late December 2024.

As State Prosecutor, Andrei Katkov pleaded for maximum sentences for the lawyers based on arbitrary grounds, while basing his claims on information violating attorney-client privilege. The charges were politically motivated and focused on the ‘extremist community’ to which the lawyers of Alexei Navalny belonged, according to the reasoning of Andrei Katkov, belonged. The trial was characterised by arbitrary and unfair proceedings and the decision to sentence the lawyers of the late Alexei Navalny was made by the appointed judge on arbitrary grounds.

Andrei Katkov is therefore responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the right to a fair trial, as well as for the repression of civil society, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

47.

Natalia Vladimirovna BORISENKOVA

(Наталья Владимировна БОРИСЕНКОВА)

Position: Judge and Deputy Chairman at Nagatinsky District Court in Moscow, Russia

Nationality: Russian

Date of birth: 12.8.1979

Place of birth (town, country): Unknown, Russian Federation

Gender: female

Natalia Borisenkova is a judge and Deputy Chairman at Nagatinsky District Court in Moscow, Russia. She was appointed in 2012 by decree of President Vladimir Putin.

Natalia Borisenkova was the appointed judge in a politically motivated case, namely the trial concerning four journalists, K. Gabov, S. Karelin, A. Kriger and A. Favorskaya, who wrote about the late Alexei Navalny. The court proceedings against the journalists took place behind closed doors from August 2024 until 15 April 2025. Judge Natalia Borisenkova sentenced the four journalists to terms of imprisonment of 5,5 years for their alleged ‘involvement in an “extremist” group’, namely the Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK) of late Alexei Navalny. The trial was characterised by arbitrary and unfair proceedings authorised by Natalia Borisenkova, with hearings taking place behind closed doors. The decision to sentence the journalists was made by Natalia Borisenkova on arbitrary grounds, invoking alleged ‘extremist activities’ which is an allegation used extensively in Russia against opposition groups.

Natalia Borisenkova is therefore responsible for serious violations of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the right to a fair trial, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

20.5.2025

▼M3

48.

Roman Viktorovich VLADIMIROV

(Роман Викторович ВЛАДИМИРОВ)

Position: Judge of the 2nd Western District Military Court, Russia

DOB: 9.2.1987

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Roman Vladimirov, serving as a judge of the 2nd Western District Military Court, sentenced Alexei Gorinov, a former municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, to 3 years of imprisonment in a strict regime colony on politically motivated charges for expressing his opinion on Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

Alexei Gorinov was sentenced under Article 205.2 of the Russian Criminal Code, which criminalises ‘justification of terrorism’, and is widely used to suppress freedom of opinion and expression. The conviction was based on comments made by Alexei Gorinov in a conversation with his cellmates, in which he merely recognised that Crimea was Ukrainian territory and that the Azov regiment was part of the Ukrainian army. The conversation was provoked by Alexei Gorinov’s cellmates and recorded by prison officials while he was serving his previous sentence of 6 years and 11 months for his anti-war statements at a public municipal meeting.

Therefore, Roman Vladimirov is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

15.7.2025

49.

Katerina Evgenievna KIRICHENKO

Yekaterina Evgenievna KIRICHENKO

(Катерина Евгеньевна КИРИЧЕНКО/ Екатерина Евгеньевна КИРИЧЕНКО)

Position: Judge of Presnensky District Court, Moscow

DOB: 1.11.1986

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Katerina Kirichenko, serving as a judge of the Presnensky District Court in Moscow, was involved in several politically motivated prosecution cases, and was responsible for imposing arbitrary pre-trial detention and disproportionately harsh punishments.

In 2022, Katerina Kirichenko participated in the politically motivated prosecution of Alexei Gorinov, then a municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, for expressing his opinion on Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine during a public municipal meeting. She ordered that Alexei Gorinov be held in pre-trial detention, not resorting to any less restrictive measures such as house arrest or bail, despite his severe health issues, bad conditions in Russia’s detention centres, and despite the fact that he was the primary caregiver for his chronically ill wife. The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found Alexei Gorinov’s detention to be in violation of international human rights and therefore arbitrary. Katerina Kirichenko’s misuse of pre-trial detention in politically motivated cases is evident also in other instances. She issued detention warrants for several participants in the 2019 Moscow protests, despite their charges being of a minor nature. Moreover, in 2022, Katerina Kirichenko sentenced Daniil Tikhomirov to a disproportionately harsh punishment of one and a half years in a prison colony for assaulting a police officer, after he was stopped by police for waving an anti-war flag from his car.

Therefore, Katerina Kirichenko is responsible for serious human rights violations and the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

15.7.2025

50.

Larisa Tikhonovna MARTYNOVA

(Лариса Тихоновна МАРТЫНОВА)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 10.6.1964

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Larisa Martynova is a judge of the Moscow City Court. In 2022, Larisa Martynova, as a member of the appellate panel of judges of the Moscow City Court, sentenced Alexei Gorinov, then a municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, to 6 years and 11 months in a general regime colony on politically motivated charges for expressing his opinion on Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. She also agreed to close the court hearing to the public.

Alexei Gorinov was sentenced under Article 207.3 of the Russian Criminal Code, which criminalises the dissemination of so-called ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces and is widely used to suppress freedom of opinion and expression. The conviction was based on Alexei Gorinov’s anti-war statements during a public municipal meeting. While serving his sentence, Alexei Gorinov was subjected to ill-treatment, including inadequate medical care despite severe health conditions, prolonged placement in isolation cells, and sleep deprivation. Larisa Martynova’s ruling therefore not only led to Alexei Gorinov’s unjust incarceration but also resulted in cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment.

Therefore, Larisa Martynova is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

15.7.2025

51.

Maksim Bronislavovich SOKOLOVSKIY

(Максим Брониславович СОКОЛОВСКИЙ)

Position: Former judge of the Moscow City Court, from 10 May 2023 Chairman of the Khoroshevsky District Court

DOB: 31.5.1977

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As presiding judge of the appellate panel of judges of the Moscow City Court in 2022, Maksim Sokolovskiy sentenced Alexei Gorinov, then a municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, to 6 years and 11 months in a general regime colony on politically motivated charges for expressing his opinion on Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. He also ordered that the court hearing be closed to the public.

Alexei Gorinov was sentenced under Article 207.3 of the Russian Criminal Code, which criminalises the dissemination of so-called ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces and is widely used to suppress freedom of opinion and expression. The conviction was based on Alexei Gorinov’s anti-war statements during a public municipal meeting. While serving his sentence, Alexei Gorinov was subjected to ill-treatment, including inadequate medical care despite severe health conditions, prolonged placement in isolation cells, and sleep deprivation. Maksim Sokolovskiy’s ruling therefore not only led to Alexei Gorinov’s unjust incarceration but also resulted in cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment.

Therefore, Maksim Sokolovskiy is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

15.7.2025

52.

Elena Leonidovna ZHURAVLEVA

(Елена Леонидовна ЖУРАВЛËВА)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 13.10.1976

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Elena Zhuravleva, as a member of the appellate panel of judges of the Moscow City Court in 2022, sentenced Alexei Gorinov, then a municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, to 6 years and 11 months in a general regime colony on politically motivated charges for expressing his opinion on Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. She also agreed to close the court hearing to the public.

Alexei Gorinov was sentenced under Article 207.3 of the Russian Criminal Code, which criminalises the dissemination of so-called ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces and is widely used to suppress freedom of opinion and expression. The conviction was based on Alexei Gorinov’s anti-war statements during a public municipal meeting. While serving his sentence, Alexei Gorinov was subjected to ill-treatment, including inadequate medical care despite severe health conditions, prolonged placement in isolation cells, and sleep deprivation. Elena Zhuravleva’s ruling therefore not only led to Alexei Gorinov’s unjust incarceration but also resulted in cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment.

Therefore, Elena Zhuravleva is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

15.7.2025

▼M4

53.

Andrey Viktorovich POLYAKOV

(Андрей Викторович ПОЛЯКОВ)

Position: Head of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation for the Rostov Oblast, Major General of Internal Service

DOB: 17.6.1970

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: series 1815 No 112026

INN (Russian Tax ID): 343517128461

Andrey Polyakov is the Head of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation for the Rostov Oblast, including pre-trial detention centre in Taganrog (SIZO-2), pre-trial detention centre 1 in Rostov-on-Don (SIZO-1), and colony No. 12 in Kamensk Shakhtinsky.

In his position, he is responsible for ensuring the protection of the rights of detainees and their safety and for the maintenance of law and order in the subordinate detention facilities he oversees. In the facilities under Polyakov’s authority, Ukrainian detainees, both civilian and military, as well as other detainees were regularly subjected to beatings by guards, suffered from severe food shortages, and had little to no access to medical care or legal assistance. During interrogations, they faced both psychological and physical coercion, including brutal beatings, electric shocks, and threats, with the aim of forcing them to confess to alleged war crimes, crimes of terrorism, or other offences. The documented instances of torture and ill-treatment include the case of the Ukrainian investigative journalist Victoria Volodymyrivna Roshchyna who died in September 2024 as a result of ill-treatment in Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast in Taganrog.

Therefore, Andrey Polyakov is responsible for serious human rights violations, namely torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, for the repression of civil society and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

54.

Andrey Vadimovich MIKHAILICHENKO

(Андрей Вадимович МИХАЙЛИЧЕНКО)

Position: Deputy Director for Security and Operational Work of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast, Russian Federation

DOB: 31.3.1992

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: Series 6012 No 175625

INN (Russian Tax ID): 615490520223

Andrey Mikhailichenko serves as Deputy Director for Security and Operational Work of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast (SIZO-2) in Taganrog, Russia. As a member of the management of SIZO-2 Mikhailichenko is responsible for widespread and systematic torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment of Ukrainian detainees, both civilian and military, as well as other detainees held in that facility.

Detainees in SIZO-2 are regularly subjected to beatings by guards, suffer from severe food shortages, and have little to no access to medical care or legal assistance. During interrogations, detainees face both psychological and physical coercion, including brutal beatings, electric shocks, and threats, with the aim of forcing them to confess to alleged war crimes, crimes of terrorism, or other offences all intended to crush resistance to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. This treatment represents a serious violation or abuse of human rights and is a violation of the principle of rule of law. At least 15 detainees have died as a result of ill-treatment in the facility, including Ukrainian investigative journalist Victoria Volodymyrivna Roshchyna.

As Deputy Director for Security and Operational Work of SIZO-2, Andrey Mikhailichenko bears responsibility for the facility’s operations. He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations, repression of civil society and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

55.

Andrey Sergeevich SAPITSKIY

(Андрей Сергеевич САПИЦКИЙ)

Position: Deputy Director for Personnel and Educational Work Issues of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast, Russian Federation

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Andrey Sapitskiy, serves as Deputy Director for Personnel and Educational Work Issues of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast (SIZO-2) in Taganrog, Russia. As a member of the management of SIZO-2, Sapitskiy is responsible for widespread and systematic torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of Ukrainian detainees, both civilian and military, as well as other detainees held in that facility.

Detainees in SIZO-2 are regularly subjected to beatings by guards, suffer from severe food shortages, and have little to no access to medical care or legal assistance. During interrogations, detainees face both psychological and physical coercion, including brutal beatings, electric shocks, and threats, with the aim of forcing them to confess to alleged war crimes, crimes of terrorism, or other offences all intended to crush resistance to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. This treatment represents a serious violation or abuse of human rights and is a violation of the principle of rule of law. At least 15 detainees have died as a result of ill-treatment in the facility, including Ukrainian investigative journalist Victoria Volodymyrivna Roshchyna.

As Deputy Director for Personnel and Educational Work Issues of SIZO-2, Andrey Sapitskiy bears responsibility for the facility’s operations. He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations, repression of civil society, and activities seriously undermining of rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

56.

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich SHTODA

(Александр Александрович ШТОДА)

Position: Director of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast, Russian Federation

DOB: 19.11.1980

Nationality: Russian

Passport number: series 6001 No419633

INN (Russian Tax ID): 611903638423

Aleksander Shtoda, serves as Director of Pre-Trial Detention Centre No. 2 of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the Rostov Oblast (SIZO-2) in Taganrog, Russia. Shtoda is responsible for widespread and systematic torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of Ukrainian detainees, both civilian and military, as well as other detainees held in the facility under his command.

Detainees in SIZO-2 are regularly subjected to beatings by guards, suffer from severe food shortages, and have little to no access to medical care or legal assistance. During interrogations, detainees face both psychological and physical coercion, including brutal beatings, electric shocks, and threats, with the aim of forcing them to confess to alleged war crimes, crimes of terrorism, or other offences all intended to crush resistance to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. This treatment represents a serious violation or abuse of human rights and is a violation of the principle of rule of law. At least 15 detainees have died as a result of ill-treatment in the facility, including Ukrainian investigative journalist Victoria Volodymyrivna Roshchyna.

As Director of SIZO-2, Aleksander Shtoda holds authority over the facility’s operations. He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations, repression of civil society, and activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

57.

Timur Savelevich VAKHRAMEEV

(Тимур Савельевич ВАХРАМЕЕВ)

Position: Judge of Basmanny District Court, Moscow; FormerMagistrate (Justice of the Peace) in Tagansky district of Moscow

DOB: 13.5.1990

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Timur Vakhrameev, a judge at the Basmanny District Court in Russia, has been involved in a number of politically motivated prosecution cases, imposing disproportionately harsh sentences on several individuals and extending the detention of others.

Judge Vakhrameev participated in the unjust and politically motivated prosecution of journalists Kirill Martynov and Dmitry Kolezev, as well as activist Lyusya Shtein, sentencing each of them to several years in prison in an effort to silence independent journalism and civil society in Russia. He also extended the pre-trial detention of lawyers Vadim Kobzev and Alexey Liptser, as well as journalists Konstantin Gabov and Sergei Karelin, in politically motivated cases related to crackdowns on individuals associated with the Anti-Corruption Foundation or Alexei Navalny himself. Additionally, he prolonged the pre-trial detention of Grigory Melkonyants, co-chairman of the Golos movement, Russia’s key independent election watchdog initiative, in an apparent attempt to exert additional pressure on public election monitoring in the country. In all of the aforementioned cases, controversial articles of the Russian Criminal Code on undesirable organisations, discrediting the Russian army, or extremism were applied.

Moreover, earlier in 2023, while serving as a justice of the peace in Moscow’s Tagansky District, Timur Vakhrameev also played an active role in penalising international companies such as Wikimedia and Google for failing to remove factual information about Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

Timur Vakhrameev is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition and activities seriously undermining democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

58.

Artemy Alexeevich TELMINOV

(Артемий Алексеевич ТЕЛЬМИНОВ)

Position: Investigator of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation

DOB: 30.12.1994

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Artemy Telminov serves as an Investigator of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, and has been involved in a number of politically motivated prosecutions of individuals associated with Alexei Navalny, including, journalists Antonina Favorskaya, Olga Komleva, Konstantin Gabov, and Sergey Karelin, as well as lawyers Vadim Kobzev, Alexei Liptser, and Igor Sergunin. By advocating for the imposition or extension of their detention, he has actively contributed to the Russian regime’s efforts to suppress dissent within the country.

All of the individuals mentioned above were investigated and subsequently charged with participation in an extremist community or organisation, or with involvement in its activities. In reality, these charges were based solely on their lawful actions while associated with Alexei Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation. The misuse of legislation related to terrorism and extremism to suppress political opposition and peaceful civil society efforts linked to Navalny has become a widespread practice in Russia. All of the aforementioned cases exhibit a consistent pattern of politically motivated prosecution, including prolonged pre-trial detention and, in some instances, closed court proceedings.

Artemy Telminov’s active role in orchestrating the unjust prosecution of Antonina Favorskaya, Olga Komleva, Konstantin Gabov, Sergey Karelin, Vadim Kobzev, Alexei Liptser, and Igor Sergunin constitutes a grave violation of human rights. Therefore, he is directly responsible for serious human rights abuses and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

20.11.2025

59.

Boris Ashirbaevich KOZHEVNIKOV

(Борис Аширбаевич КОЖЕВНИКОВ)

Position: Deputy Chairman of the Appellate Military Court of Russia

DOB: 31.8.1964

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Boris Kozhevnikov is a Deputy Chairman of the Appellate Military Court of Russia.

As deputy chairman of the Appellate Military Court of Russia, Boris Kozhevnikov rejected the appeal of Alexei Gorinov, a former municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, against a politically motivated sentence. In a procedurally flawed trial, Alexei Gorinov was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment in a strict regime penal colony under Article 205.2 of the Russian Criminal Code for ‘justification of terrorism’. Alexei Gorinov’s sentence was based on statements he made in a conversation with his cellmates in which he allegedly recognised that Crimea was Ukrainian territory and the Azov regiment was part of the Ukrainian army. Furthermore, Kozhevnikov upheld the sentences of imprisonment for Andrei Boyarshinov, Ibragim Orudzhev, Alexei Nuriev and Roman Nasryev on politically motivated charges in alleged terrorism related cases.

Therefore, Boris Kozhevnikov is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

60.

Maxim Alexandrovich PANIN

(Максим Александрович ПАНИН)

Position: Judge of the Appellate Military Court of Russia (Judicial Panel for Criminal Cases)

DOB: 22.2.1982

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Maksim Panin is a judge of the Appellate Military Court of Russia.

As a member of the panel of judges of the Appellate Military Court of Russia, Maksim Panin rejected the appeal of Alexei Gorinov, a former municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, against a politically motivated sentence. In a procedurally flawed trial, Alexei Gorinov was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment in a strict regime colony under Article 205.2 of the Russian Criminal Code for ‘justification of terrorism’. Alexei Gorinov’s sentence was based on statements he made in a conversation with his cellmates in which he allegedly recognised that Crimea was Ukrainian territory and the Azov regiment was part of the Ukrainian army.

Furthermore, Panin participated in politically motivated prosecutions of other individuals. As a member of the appellate panel, he upheld the conviction of Elena Kotenochkina, who was accused of ‘justifying terrorism’ through a social media post and sentenced, in absentia, to six years and eleven months in a penal colony. Panin also confirmed the extension of the detention period in the cases of Polina Yevtushenko, prosecuted for spreading ‘fake news’ about the Russian army and ‘rehabilitation of Nazism’, and Enver Krosh, Rinat Aliev and Vilen Temeryanov, Crimean Tatars prosecuted for their alleged involvement in an Islamic group banned in Russia.

Therefore, Maksim Panin is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

61.

Marina Viktorovna USHAKOVA

(Марина Викторовна УШАКОВА)

Position: Judge of the Appellate Military Court of Russia (Judicial Panel for Criminal Cases)

DOB: 2.5.1979

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Marina Ushakova is a judge of the Appellate Military Court of Russia.

As a member of the appellate panel of judges of the Appellate Military Court of Russia, Marina Ushakova rejected the appeal of Alexei Gorinov, a former municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, against a politically motivated sentence. In a procedurally flawed trial, Alexei. Gorinov was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment in a strict regime colony under Article 205.2 of the Russian Criminal Code for ‘justification of terrorism’. Alexei Gorinov’s sentence was based on statements he made in a conversation with his cellmates in which he allegedly recognised that Crimea was Ukrainian territory and the Azov regiment was part of the Ukrainian army. Furthermore, Ushakova upheld the convictions of Nikita Tushkanov, Daniil Bondarenko and Stanislav Shevchenko, based on politically motivated charges of ‘justifying terrorism’ in their statements on social media or in private conversations regarding, in particular, the Crimean Bridge explosion.

Therefore, Marina Ushakova is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities which seriously undermine the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

62.

Svetlana Sergeevna RYGALOVA

(Светлана Сергеевна РЫГАЛОВА)

Position: Prosecutor of the Criminal Judicial Department of the Prosecutor’s Office of Vladimir Region, Junior Justice Counsellor

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Svetlana Rygalova, serving as a prosecutor of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Vladimir Region, participated in the politically motivated prosecution of Alexei Gorinov, a former municipal deputy in the Krasnoselsky district of Moscow, for expressing his opinion related to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

Prosecutor Rygalova approved the indictment in a criminal case and led the prosecution of Alexei Gorinov under Article 205.2 of the Russian Criminal Code for ‘justification of terrorism’, proposing that he be sentenced to three and a half years of imprisonment. The prosecution’s case was based on statements Gorinov made in a conversation with his cellmates in which he allegedely recognised that Crimea was Ukrainian territory and the Azov regiment was part of the Ukrainian army. On the basis of Rygalova’s indictment, Gorinov was sentenced to three years of imprisonment.

Therefore, Svetlana Rygalova is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

20.11.2025

▼M5

►C1  63. ◄

Dmitry Sergeyevich GORDEEV

(Дмитрий Сергеевич ГОРДЕЕВ)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 9.8.1983

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Dmitry Gordeev is a judge of the Moscow City Court and formerly of the Tverskoy District Court in the city of Moscow.

Dmitry Gordeev has repeatedly issued politically motivated rulings against opposition figures and human rights defenders. His judicial conduct demonstrates systematic disregard for fundamental standards of impartial justice. He routinely refuses to examine exculpatory evidence, including video recordings contradicting police claims, and consistently accepts unverified or copied police reports from his former colleagues, revealing bias, conflict of interest and a lack of judicial independence. His rulings form a recognisable, politically driven pattern aligned with the interests of the Russian security services. His role has been described as part of a ‘repressive machine’ that has to operate without failures, underscoring his central function in implementing politically motivated prosecutions.

Through his repeated actions, Dmitry Gordeev has repressed civil society, democratic opposition and human rights defenders, undermined judicial independence and the rule of law, and actively facilitated politically motivated prosecutions. His decisions materially support and enable the continued operation of Russia’s repressive State apparatus.

Therefore, Dmitry Gordeev is responsible for serious violations of human rights, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and activities that seriously undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

22.12.2025

►C1  64. ◄

Lyudmila BALANDINA

(Людмила БАЛАНДИНА)

Position: Prosecutor

DOB: 16.11.1984

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Lyudmila Balandina is a prosecutor who has played a key role in several high-profile cases characterised by serious violations of human rights and repression of individuals critical of the Russian authorities or supportive of Ukraine.

Lyudmila Balandina has systematically abused her position as a State prosecutor to pursue politically motivated charges, employ ideological rhetoric aligned with Kremlin propaganda and seek excessive punishments for acts of peaceful expression. Her conduct demonstrates an ongoing and deliberate effort to repress civil society, silence dissent and legitimise State narratives that equate criticism of the Russian Government or support for Ukraine with extremism or terrorism.

By initiating and sustaining such prosecutions, Lyudmila Balandina has been directly involved in serious violations and abuses of human rights, including violations of the freedom of expression, the right to a fair trial and the prohibition of arbitrary prosecution, as protected under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights.

Lyudmila Balandina’s activities seriously undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia, by turning the judicial system into a tool of political persecution and contributing to the broader pattern of State repression against journalists, cultural figures and opposition voices.

Therefore, Lyudmila Balandina is responsible for serious violations of human rights, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and activities that seriously undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

22.12.2025

▼M6

65.

Aleksei Vasilyevich VALIZER

(Russian: Алексей Васильевич ВАЛИЗЕР)

Position: head of Penal Colony 10 UFSIN in Altai Krai

DOB: 7.9.1982

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Aleksei Valizer is the head of Penal Colony 10 UFSIN in Altai Krai. Aleksei Gorinov is a prisoner who has been held in that facility since 17 July 2025. Aleksei Gorinov was sentenced to six years and 11 months of imprisonment for public dissemination of ‘knowingly false information’ about the Russian armed forces and afterwards to three years of imprisonment for ‘public justification of terrorism’. The Memorial ‘Support for Political Prisoners’ programme recognised him as a political prisoner. While serving a sentence in the penal colony, Gorinov was immediately put in a solitary confinement cell, where he was deprived of medical treatment despite being previously diagnosed with symptoms of tuberculosis. That punishment was automatically extended several times for far-fetched reasons, such as ‘not holding hands behind back’ and ‘placing glasses and letters on the bedside table’. Valizer, as the head of the penal colony, is responsible for that facility’s policy towards Gorinov.

Therefore, Aleksei Valizer is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

23.2.2026

66.

Anton Vladimirovich RYCHAR

(Russian: Антон Владимирович РЫЧАР)

Position: head of Pre-trial Detention Centre 1 UFSIN in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

DOB: 9.1.1985

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Anton Rychar is the head of Pre-trial Detention Centre 1 UFSIN in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. Pavel Kushnir, a musician with an anti-war stance, was held in that facility from May 2024 until his death on 28 July 2025. He was charged with ‘public calls for terrorism’ for his statements against the Russian authorities. During his imprisonment, he went on a dry hunger strike. According to witnesses’ testimonies, he lost approximately 10 kilograms and looked like ‘a skeleton’. Other sources stated that Kushnir was beaten in custody by his fellow inmates. A witness also saw a bruise on Kushnir’s face. Anton Rychar is responsible for the conditions of Kushnir’s incarceration, which led to his death due to insufficient medical treatment.

Therefore, Anton Rychar is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

23.2.2026

67.

Maksim Aleksandrovich PRILEPSKY

(Russian: Максим Александрович ПРИЛЕПСКИЙ)

Position: head of Penal Colony 5 UFSIN in the Oryol Oblast

DOB: 30.10.1976

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Maksim Prilepsky is the head of Penal Colony 5 UFSIN in the Oryol Oblast. Mikhail Kriger is a prisoner held in that facility. On 17 May 2023, he was sentenced to seven years of imprisonment on politically motivated charges of ‘public justification of terrorism’ and ‘public incitement to hatred and enmity against a social group with the threat of violence’. The Memorial ‘Support for Political Prisoners’ programme recognised him as a political prisoner. While serving his sentence in the penal colony, Kriger was repeatedly put in a solitary confinement in harsh conditions for allegedly being threatened by other inmates. However, according to human rights defenders and Kriger, it was a far-fetched reason and the isolation was motivated by the political nature of his case. Kriger was put in solitary confinement for a period of 90 days and was not allowed to have visits from relatives or to receive letters from outside the penal colony. As a consequence, Kriger went on a hunger strike for 51 days. Prilepsky, as the head of the penal colony, is responsible for that facility’s policy towards Kriger.

Therefore, Maksim Prilepsky is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

23.2.2026

68.

Vyacheslav Nikolaevich PISKLOV

(Russian: Вячеслав Николаевич ПИСКЛОВ)

Position: head of Penal Colony 9 UFSIN in Altai Krai

DOB: 15.8.1985

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Vyacheslav Pisklov is the head of Penal Colony 9 UFSIN in Altai Krai. Maria Ponomarenko is a prisoner who is being held in that facility. On 15 February 2023, she was sentenced to six years of imprisonment on the charge of spreading ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces. In March 2025, while she was incarcerated, she was sentenced to 22 additional months in prison for allegedly using violence against prison staff. The Memorial ‘Support for Political Prisoners’ programme recognised her as a political prisoner. While serving a sentence in the penal colony, Ponomarenko was mistreated, including by being repeatedly put in a solitary confinement in harsh conditions for far-fetched reasons and being deprived of medical treatment. This has led to her breakdown and subsequently three suicide attempts, two of which took place in the penal colony. Pisklov, as the head of the penal colony, is responsible for that facility’s policy towards Ponomarenko.

Therefore, Vyacheslav Pisklov is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

23.2.2026

69.

Sergei Vladimirovich FILICHEV

(Russian: Сергей Bладимирович ФИЛИЧЕВ)

Position: prosecutor of the Lomonosovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg

DOB: 1984

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As a prosecutor of the Lomonosovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg, Sergei Filichev requested a two-and-a-half-year prison sentence for Dmitry Nikolaevich Skurikhin, an entrepreneur and local politician, on the politically motivated charge of ‘discrediting’ the Russian armed forces. Skurikhin had repeatedly expressed his anti-war and anti-mobilisation sentiments in public.

Therefore, Sergei Filichev is responsible for serious violations of human rights, in particular the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and for the repression of democratic opposition in Russia.

23.2.2026

70.

EVA Alexandrovna GIUNTER

(Russian: Ева Александровна ГЮНТЕР)

Position: judge of the Moskovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg

DOB: 17.12.1974

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Internal passport number: 3299205055

Date of issue: 24.2.2000

As the judge of the Moskovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg, EVA Giunter sentenced Oleg Vasilievich Belousov, a widower with a dependent adult son with a mental disability, to five-and-a-half years in prison on politically motivated charges of spreading ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces and for ‘public calls for extremism’. Giunter also prohibited Belousov from posting material on telecommunication networks, including the internet, for four years. Oleg Belousov was arrested on 28 June 2022 for publishing anti-war material on the VK social media platform.

Therefore, EVA Giunter is responsible for serious violations of human rights, in particular the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and for the repression of civil society in Russia.

23.2.2026

71.

Ilya Alekseevich PLESHKOV

(Russian: Илья Алексеевич ПЛЕШКОВ)

Position: senior investigator of the Moskovsky District of Saint-Petersburg

DOB: 1993

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

As a senior investigator of the Investigation Department for the Moskovsky District of Saint-Petersburg, Ilya Pleshkov led the investigation on Oleg Belousov, a widower with a dependent adult son with a mental disability, on the politically motivated charge of spreading ‘false information’ about the Russian armed forces. Oleg Belousov was arrested on 28 June 2022 for publishing anti-war material on the VK social media platform. Belousov was sentenced to five-and-a-half years in prison and given a four-year ban from posting material on telecommunication channels.

Therefore, Ilya Pleshkov is responsible for serious violations of human rights, in particular the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and for the repression of civil society in Russia.

23.2.2026

72.

Andrey Pavlovich SHIBAKOV

(Russian: Андрей Павлович ШИбАКОВ)

Position: judge of the Lomonosovsky District Court of Leningrad region, Saint-Petersburg

DOB: 30.12.1969

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Internal passport number: 4001793958

As the judge of the Lomonosovsky District Court of Saint-Petersburg, Andrey Shibakov sentenced Dmitry Nikolaevich Skurikhin, an entrepreneur and a local politician, to one-and-a-half years in prison on the politically motivated charge of ‘discrediting’ the Russian armed forces. Skurikhin had repeatedly expressed his anti-war and anti-mobilisation sentiments in public.

Therefore, Andrey Shibakov is responsible for serious violations of human rights, in particular the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition in Russia.

23.2.2026

▼M8

73.

Vasily Anatolevich KALASHNIKOV

(Russian: Василий Анатольевич КАЛАШНИКОВ)

Position: Operative in the Forensic Science Institute of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Special Equipment Center

DOB: 11.1.1975

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Vasily Kalashnikov, an operative in the Forensic Science Institute of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Special Equipment Center and an expert in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was a pivotal figure in the FSB’s team effort to erase all forensic evidence of the poisoning of Alexei Navalny. Vasily Kalashnikov’s technical expertise was essential to ensuring that no detectable chemical traces remained on Navalny’s belongings.

Therefore, Vasily Kalashnikov is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

74.

Mikhail Mikhailovich SHVETS

(Russian: Михаил Михайлович ШВЕЦ)

a.k.a. Mikhail STEPANOV

(Russian: Михаил СТЕПАНОВ)

Position: Operative in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Special Operations Center

DOB: 3.5.1977 (15.4.1974 for the alias Mikhail Stepanov)

POB: Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Mikhail Shvets is a high-ranking operative in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Special Operations Center. Investigations into the poisoning of Alexei Navalny identify Mikhail Shvets as a core member of the alleged ‘poisoning team’, noting his use of the alias ‘Mikhail Stepanov’ to facilitate the covert deployment of a nerve agent. Mikhail Shvets assisted the assassination attempt by providing logistical and surveillance support.

Therefore, Mikhail Shvets is responsible for providing material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

75.

Alexei Leonidovich KRIVOSHCHEKOV

(Russian: Алексей Леонидович КРИВОЩЕКОВ)

Position: Officer of the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order and Countering Terrorism of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB)

DOB: 11.4.1979

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Alexei Krivoshchekov is an officer of the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order and Countering Terrorism of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) since 2008. In that position, he was part of a group of FSB officers operating under false identities, with the purpose of keeping Alexei Navalny under surveillance during several of his trips within Russia from 2017 to 2019. Alexei Navalny was being monitored by Alexei Krivoshchekov and two other officers during the first attempt to poison him in early 2017, while travelling to Kirov.

Therefore, Alexei Krivoshchekov is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

76.

Valery Nikolaevich SUKHAREV

(Russian: Валерий Николаевич СУХАРЕВ)

a.k.a. Nikolai Aleksandrovich GOROKHOV

(Russian: Николай Александрович ГОРОХОВ)

Position: Senior Officer of the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order and Countering Terrorism of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB)

DOB: 2.4.1956

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Valery Sukharev is a senior officer of the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional Order and Countering Terrorism of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB). In that position, he was part of a group of FSB officers operating under false identities, with the purpose of keeping Alexei Navalny under surveillance during several of his trips within Russia from 2017 to 2019. Alexei Navalny was being monitored by Valery Sukharev and two other officers during the first attempt to poison him in early 2017, while travelling to Kirov.

Therefore, Valery Sukharev is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

77.

Oleg Borisovich TAYAKIN

(Russian: Олег Борисович ТАЯКИН)

a.k.a. Oleg TARASOV

(Russian: Олег ТАРАСОВ)

Position: Officer in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Institute of Forensic Science

DOB: 6.12.1980 (6.6.1980 for alias Oleg Tarasov)

POB: Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Oleg Tayakin is an officer in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Institute of Forensic Science who played a central role in the surveillance and communications operations surrounding the chemical poisoning of Alexei Navalny. According to the findings regarding that poisoning, Oleg Tayakin acted as a primary coordinator for the mission, managing communications and logistical support from a Moscow-based command centre of the FSB.

Therefore, Oleg Tayakin is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

78.

Alexander Grigorievich MURAKHOVSKY

(Russian: Александр Григорьевич МУРАХОВСКИЙ)

Position: Former Chief Physician of Omsk Emergency Hospital No 1; current Head of a military hospital in Omsk

DOB: 1.7.1971

POB: Omsk, Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Alexander Murakhovsky is the former Chief Physician of Omsk Emergency Hospital No 1. In that position, he denied that Alexei Navalny had been poisoned, stated that Alexei Navalny suffered from ‘metabolic disorders’ and refused to transfer him to Germany for treatment. Subsequently, analyses carried out in Germany confirmed Alexei Navalny’s poisoning with a substance from the Novichok group. Alexander Murakhovsky is currently working as the Head of a military hospital in Omsk.

Therefore, Alexander Murakhovsky is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

79.

Aleksandr Vladimirovich SABAEV

(Russian: Александр Владимирович САБАЕВ)

Position: Chief Toxicologist and Head of the Department of Acute Poisoning of the Omsk Emergency Hospital no. 1

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Aleksandr Sabaev is the Chief Toxicologist of the hospital where Alexei Navalny received medical treatment before his medical evacuation to Germany following an attempt to assassinate him by poisoning. Aleksandr Sabaev repeatedly dismissed the poisoning of Alexei Navalny, blamed his medical condition on a metabolic disorder and refused to release information about Alexei Navalny’s medical condition to his associates.

Therefore, Aleksandr Sabaev is responsible for providing technical and material support for the repression of democratic opposition by assisting and facilitating such acts.

15.6.2026

80.

Anatolii Vyacheslavovich RAZINKIN

(Russian: Анатолий Вячеславович РАЗИНКИН)

Position: First Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation

DOB: 24.1.1977

POB: Samara Region, Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Anatolii Razinkin is the First Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. In that position, he approved Alexei Navalny’s indictment in a criminal case for fraud and contempt of court. In March 2022, the court found Alexei Navalny guilty of fraud and contempt of court and sentenced him to nine years in a penal colony, taking into account all sentences.

Therefore, Anatolii Razinkin is responsible for serious violations of human rights, including violating freedom of opinion and expression, and for activities seriously undermining the rule of law in Russia.

15.6.2026

81.

Alexei Anatolevich ALEKSANDROV

(Russian: Алексей Анатольевич АЛЕКСАНДРОВ)

Position: Major General of Justice and Head of the Eastern Interregional Investigative Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation; former Head of the West Siberian Transport Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation

DOB: 22.12.1975

POB: Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

INN (Russian Tax ID): 220408759681

Alexei Aleksandrov is a Major General of Justice who served as Head of the West Siberian Transport Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation at the time of Alexei Navalny’s poisoning. In that capacity, Alexei Aleksandrov refused to investigate the poisoning of Alexei Navalny.

In 2022, Alexei Aleksandrov was promoted to Head of the Eastern Interregional Investigative Department for Transport of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and he has been working in that role since.

Therefore, Alexei Aleksandrov is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

15.6.2026

82.

Natalia Vladimirovna KONOVALOVA

(Russian: Наталья Владимировна КОНОВАЛОВА)

Position: Judge of the Moscow City Court

DOB: 15.12.1972

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Natalia Konovalova is a Judge of the Moscow City Court. She upheld the decision of the Lefortovo District Court, which had rejected the complaint against the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB) Investigative Directorate for its inaction regarding Alexei Navalny’s poisoning.

Furthermore, Natalia Konovalova had previously extended the detention of members of the band Pussy Riot and upheld the arrests of American journalist Evan Gershkovich, Russian journalist Ivan Safronov and Russian student Ibragim Orudzhey.

Therefore, Natalia Konovalova is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

15.6.2026

83.

Marina Andreeva BOBEK

(Russian: Марина Андреева БОБЕК)

Position: Prosecutor of the Department of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation

DOB: 12.8.1986

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Marina Bobek is a Prosecutor of the Department of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. In that position, she has been responsible for multiple cases of criminal prosecution of citizens of the Russian Federation who oppose the current political regime, including cases concerning Alexei Navalny.

Therefore, Marina Bobek is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

15.6.2026

84.

Ekaterina Petrovna IVANNIKOVA

(Russian: Екатерина Петровна ИВАННИКОВА)

Position: Prosecutor of the Appeals Department of the Criminal and Judicial Department of the Prosecutor’s Office, Moscow

DOB: 6.4.1988

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Ekaterina Ivannikova is a Prosecutor of the Appeals Department of the Criminal and Judicial Department of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. In that position, she has been responsible for the criminal prosecution of citizens of the Russian Federation who oppose the current political regime. Ekaterina Ivannikova was involved in sabotaging the investigation into the poisoning of Alexei Navalny. Additionally, Ekaterina Ivannikova was involved in the Serebrennikov case by refusing to transfer Alexei Malobrodsky from detention to a house arrest.

Therefore, Ekaterina Ivannikova is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and activities which seriously undermine democracy or the rule of law in Russia.

15.6.2026

85.

Aleksandr Vladimirovich GUTSAN

(Russian: Александр Владимирович ГУЦАН)

Position: Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation

DOB: 6.7.1960

POB: Siversky settlement, Gatchinsky District, Leningrad Region, Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

INN (Russian Tax ID): 781610240809

Aleksandr Gutsan has been the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation since September 2025. In that position, he was responsible for the petition to have the Russian state declare Alexei Navalny’s organisation the Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF) as a terrorist organisation, thus criminalising any association with the ACF. That criminalisation has resulted in a large number of arrests of supporters of the ACF on charges of ‘terrorist financing’.

Therefore, Aleksandr Gutsan is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and activities which seriously undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

15.6.2026

86.

Oleg Nikolaevich NEFEDOV

(Russian: Олег Николаевич НЕФЕДОВ)

Position: Judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; Chairman of the Judicial Composition of the First Instance of the Judicial Collegium for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

DOB: 1.8.1974

POB: Kuznetsk, Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

SNILS: 07750947803

Oleg Nefedov has been a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation since 2017 and has served as Chairman of the Judicial Composition of the First Instance of the Judicial Collegium for Administrative Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation since 2023.

In his role as Judge of the Supreme Court, Oleg Nefedov has presided over multiple rulings to limit freedom of organisation, political opposition and human rights, including the designation of Alexei Navalny’s organisation the Anti-Corruption Foundation as a terrorist organisation. Oleg Nefedov also ruled to ban the so-called ‘international LGBT-movement’.

Therefore, Oleg Nefedov is responsible for serious violations and abuses of human rights, the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, and activities which seriously undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia.

15.6.2026

87.

Roman Yurievich PLUGIN

(Russian: Роман Юрьевич ПЛУГИН)

Position: Lieutenant General of Police; Commissioner of the Saint Petersburg Police; Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region

DOB: 10.3.1975

POB: Stavropol, Russian SSR (now Russian Federation)

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

TIN: 502719429607

SNILS: 10906646049

Roman Plugin is the Head of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region, also called the Saint Petersburg Police.

In that position, he is responsible for limiting freedom of speech by ordering the arrest and detention of peaceful mourners of Alexei Navalny on the anniversary of his death, and the arrest of peaceful street musicians in Saint Petersburg singing songs perceived as expressing support for the opposition.

Therefore, Roman Plugin is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, and activities which otherwise seriously undermine democracy or the rule of law in Russia.

15.6.2026

▼M9

88.

Elena Gennadyevna BAGUDINA

(Russian: Елена Геннадьевна БАГУДИНА)

Position: General Director of Communication Platform LLC

DOB: 11.3.1954

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Elena Bagudina is the General Director of Communication Platform LLC, which is a subsidiary of VK (previously known as VKontakte) and the developer and manager of state-supported mobile phone application Max. In her position as General Director, she is responsible for the development and management of the Max application. The development of the Max application was supervised by the Federal Security Service (FSB), which established the requirements that the developers of the Max application had to meet. The Max application must be pre-installed on all mobile phones and tablets sold in Russia and is integrated with the Gosuslugi service.

According to numerous experts, the Max application has extensive surveillance features and can monitor communications, including the use of virtual private networks (VPNs), gather data on other applications installed on phones, monitor address books, identify the location of users and install autonomous updates. The introduction and promotion of the Max application by the Russian state have been accompanied by a crackdown on and blocking of other independent applications, such as WhatsApp and Telegram, as well as by a campaign to limit the use of VPNs, which allowed users to access content blocked in Russia.

Information gathered by Russian authorities through the Max application served as a basis to fine a Russian citizen for content posted on the application.

Therefore, Elena Bagudina provides technical support for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, including by assisting and facilitating such acts.

13.7.2026

89.

Dmitry Valerianovich GACHKO

(Russian: Дмитрий Валерьянович ГАЧКО)

Position: General Director and ultimate owner of VAS Experts

DOB: 16.8.1976

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Dmitry Gachko is the General Director and ultimate owner of the limited liability company VAS Experts, which manufactures, develops and sells hardware and software related to the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM). In his position as General Director and ultimate owner, he is responsible for VAS Experts’ activities relating to the manufacture and supply of SORM-related hardware and software.

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phones and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. User traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).

SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on the ability of Russian citizens to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

VAS Experts is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. VAS Experts is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure. VAS Experts operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, VAS Experts develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.

Therefore, Dmitry Gachko provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026

90.

Sergey Anatolevich OVCHINNIKOV

(Russian: Сергей Анатольевич ОВЧИННИКОВ)

Position: Executive Director and ultimate owner of Closed Joint-Stock Company “Norsi-Trans”

DOB: 5.5.1955

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Sergey Ovchinnikov is the Executive Director and ultimate owner of Closed Joint-Stock Company “Norsi-Trans”, which manufactures, develops and sells hardware and software related to the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM). In his position as Executive Director and ultimate owner, he is responsible for Norsi-Trans’ activities relating to the manufacture and supply of SORM-related hardware and software.

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. User traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).

SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on Russians’ ability to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

Norsi-Trans is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. SORM includes monitoring equipment installed in facilities of telecommunications providers. Such monitoring equipment provides information to the Russian government’s intelligence agency, including on phone calls, text messages, emails and internet traffic. SORM also facilitates access to communications data associated with messaging application, metadata, mobile numbers, phone identifiers, geolocation, names, email addresses and IP addresses.

Norsi-Trans is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure. Norsi-Trans operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, Norsi-Trans develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.

Therefore, Sergey Ovchinnikov provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026

91.

Mikhail Mikhailovich FOMIN

(Russian: Михаил Михайлович ФОМИН)

Position: Executive Director of LLC Citadel

DOB: 22.3.1981

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Mikhail Fomin is the Executive Director of LLC Citadel.

LLC Citadel operates in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and develops, implements and provides support for software and hardware of the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM). LLC Citadel is the largest manufacturer and reportedly the most important supplier of SORM hardware and software in Russia. In his position as Executive Director, Mikhail Fomin is responsible for LLC Citadel’s activities relating to the manufacture and supply of SORM-related hardware and software.

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. The user traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).

SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on the ability of Russian citizens to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

LLC Citadel is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. SORM includes monitoring equipment installed in facilities of telecommunications providers. Such monitoring equipment provides information to the Russian government’s intelligence agency, including on phone calls, text messages, emails and internet traffic. SORM also facilitates access to communications data associated with messaging application, metadata, mobile numbers, phone identifiers, geolocation, names and email addresses and IP addresses.

LLC Citadel is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure. LLC Citadel operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, LLC Citadel develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.

Therefore, Mikhail Fomin provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026

92.

Alexander Vladimirovich GNUTOV

(Russian: Александр Владимирович ГНУТОВ)

Position: Head of Penal Colony No 10 (since 2024)

Former Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10 (from 2022 to 2024)

DOB: 9.8.1980

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 6100202615

Alexander Gnutov is the Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in the Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Alexander Gnutov therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in Penal Colony No 10 since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Alexander Gnutov is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

93.

Alexei Vladimirovich ANASHKIN

(Russian: Алексей Владимирович АНАШКИН)

Position: Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 9.6.1978

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 8902524698

Alexei Anashkin is the Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Alexei Anashkin therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in the Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Alexei Anashkin is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

94.

Egor Viktorovich AVERKIN

(Russian: Егор Викторович АВЕРКИН)

Position: Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 8.10.1992

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 8912267789

Egor Averkin is the Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Egor Averkin therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Egor Averkin is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

95.

Alexander Anatolevich GRISHANIN

(Russian: Александр Анатольевич ГРИШАНИН)

Position: Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 6.10.1991

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 8911222216

Alexander Grishanin is the Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Alexander Grishanin therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Alexander Grishanin is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

96.

Semyon Viktorovich KUZNETSOV

(Russian: Семен Викторович КУЗНЕЦОВ)

Position: Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 18.11.1982

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 79271857062

Semyon Kuznetsov is the Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Semyon Kuznetsov therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Semyon Kuznetsov is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

97.

Ivan Vasilyevich VESHKIN

(Russian: Иван Васильевич ВЕШКИН)

Position: Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 22.12.1991

Nationality: Russian

Gender: male

Passport number: 8903739994

Ivan Veshkin is the Deputy Head of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, he directly oversees and is responsible for actions carried out in Penal Colony No 10, and has failed to ensure the protection of detainees’ rights and safety and the maintenance of law and order. Ivan Veshkin therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in the Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Ivan Veshkin is responsible for violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

98.

Galina Vasilievna MOKSHANOVA

(Russian: Галина Васильевна МОКШАНОВА)

Position: Head of Medical Unit No 13, Penal Colony No 10

DOB: 16.1.1966

Nationality: Russian

Gender: female

Passport number: 8910200628

Galina Mokshanova is the Head of Medical Unit No 13 of Penal Colony No 10, which is located in the village of Udarny in the Zubovo-Polyansky District of the Republic of Mordovia. In that position, she plans, directs, orders and facilitates activities carried out in medical services of Penal Colony No 10. Galina Mokshanova therefore bears responsibility for the abuse of prisoners committed by the staff of Penal Colony No 10.

Hundreds of Ukrainian prisoners of war as well as Ukrainian civilians captured in the occupied Ukrainian territories have been held in the Penal Colony No 10. Former detainees report inhuman and degrading treatment and torture, including electric shocks, beating, stress positions causing trophic ulcers, sexual violence, mock executions and the denial of medical care. Civilians are subjected to the same treatment as prisoners of war and are held without trial or status. Human rights defenders have reported about inhuman conditions and torture in this facility since 2012, including towards Russian prisoners.

Therefore, Galina Mokshanova is responsible for serious violations or abuses of human rights, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

13.7.2026

▼B

Name

Identifying information

Statement of Reasons

Date of listing

1.

FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

(FSIN)

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ НАКАЗАНИЙ

(ФСИН) (RU)

Address: Zhitnaya Street 14 Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow

Website: http://www.fsin.su/eng

The Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation (FSIN) is a federal agency under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. FSIN is the federal authority for the detention of suspected and convicted persons, the security and maintenance of prisons in Russia, the transport of prisoners, and rehabilitation programmes.

As such, FSIN is the central authority managing the Russian prison system, known for its widespread and systematic abuses against, and ill-treatment of, political prisoners in Russia. As a federal agency, FSIN is responsible for the penal colonies where Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny was held on politically motivated charges and ultimately died on 16 February 2024. During his imprisonment, Alexei Navalny suffered abuses, including through solitary confinement in a punishment cell and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, leading to the severe deterioration of his health. Other political prisoners held in the Russian prison system under similarly harsh conditions of detention, are subjected to abuse and ill-treatment, which is meant to physically and psychologically break them.

FSIN is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

27.5.2024

▼M8

2.

►C2  
IPJSC NTK
a.k.a. International Public Joint-Stock Company NTK
a.k.a. NTH International Joint Stock Company
a.k.a. MKAO NTKh
a.k.a. MKAO NTH
(Russian: МКАО НТХ)  ◄

Address: 236004, Kaliningrad region, Kaliningrad, Okyabrskaya street 71-73, room 25

Email: info@ntechlab.ru

Russian website: www.ntechlab.ru

International website: www.ntechlab.com

INN: 3900040153

KPP: 390001001

OGRN: 1253900004412

OKPO: 87427827

IPJSC NTK is the holding company of NtechLab. NtechLab is a Russian facial recognition technology company subject to restrictive measures imposed by the Union. IPJSC NTK has cooperated with the Department of Information Technologies of the City of Moscow in the development of the facial recognition system in Moscow.

The Main Directorate of Internal Affairs of the City of Moscow employed the facial recognition system in Moscow as a tool of repression to monitor and detain independent journalists, opposition activists and participants who were protesting peacefully in support of Alexei Navalny and in opposition to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. IPJSC NTK was established to take over the operations of NtechLab when the company relocated to Russia.

Therefore, IPJSC NTK is responsible for providing technical or material support for serious violations of human rights in Russia, including arbitrary arrests or detentions, and violations or abuses of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association.

15.6.2026

▼M9

3.

VK (previously known as Mail.ru group, VK Company Limited)

(Russian: VK)

Address: Moscow, 125167, Leningradsky prospekt 39, bld. 79

Vk.com

Vk.company

INN (Russian tax ID): 3900015862

TIN (TIN): 3900015862

OGRN (Trade register number): 1233900010585

VK is one of the main technological companies in Russia. It provides email and chat services and runs applications and the social media website VKontakte.

VK is the parent company of Communication Platform LLC, the developer and manager of state-supported mobile phone application Max. The development of the Max application was supervised by the Federal Security Service (FSB), which established requirements that the developers of the Max application had to meet. The Max application must be pre-installed on all mobile phones and tablets sold in Russia and is integrated with the Gosuslugi service.

According to numerous experts, the Max application has extensive surveillance features and can monitor communications, including the use of virtual private networks (VPNs), gather data on other applications installed on phones, monitor address books, identify the location of users and install autonomous updates. The introduction and promotion of the Max application by the Russian state have been accompanied by a crackdown on and blocking of other independent applications, such as WhatsApp and Telegram, as well as by a campaign to limit the use of VPNs, which allowed users to access content blocked in Russia.

Information gathered by Russian authorities through the Max application served as a basis to fine a Russian citizen for content posted on the application.

The Max application has benefitted from government-imposed blocks on access to Western and independent competitors, such as Instagram, Facebook, Telegram and WhatsApp, enabling it to increase its revenue and market share.

VK has cooperated with Russian authorities in their repressive actions, including by providing them with data concerning users of its services who posted content criticising Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, or other content banned by the authorities.

VK has also participated in the government-ordered ban on the use of VPNs, through which Russian internet users could previously access independent content on the internet.

Therefore, VK provides technical support for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, including by assisting and facilitating such acts.

13.7.2026

4.

Communication Platform LLC

(Russian: Акционерное Общество Инвестиционная Компания Коммуникационная Платформа)

Address: PR-KT LENINGRADSKII D. 39, STR. 79, 125167 MOSCOW, Russian Federation

www.complatform.ru

mail@complatform.ru

INN (Russian tax ID): 9714058267

TIN (TIN): 9714058267

Communication Platform LLC is a subsidiary company of VK (previously known as VKontakte) and is the developer and manager of state-supported mobile phone application Max. The development of the Max application was supervised by the Federal Security Service (FSB), which established the requirements that the developers of the Max application had to meet. The Max application must be pre-installed on all mobile phones and tablets sold in Russia and is integrated with the Gosuslugi service.

According to numerous experts, the Max application has extensive surveillance features and can monitor communications, including the use of virtual private networks (VPNs), gather data on other applications installed on phones, monitor the address books, identify the location of the users and install autonomous updates. The introduction and promotion of the Max application by the Russian state have been accompanied by a crackdown on and blocking of other independent applications, such as WhatsApp and Telegram, as well as by a campaign to limit the use of VPNs, which allowed users to access content blocked in Russia.

Information gathered by Russian authorities through the Max application served as a basis to fine a Russian citizen for content posted on the application.

Therefore, Communication Platform LLC provides technical support for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition, including by assisting and facilitating such acts.

13.7.2026

5.

VAS Experts

(Russian: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Вас Экспертс)

Address: Saint Petersburg, Avenue Liteyny 26, building a, office 5-13

OGRN: 1137847014337

INN (Russian tax ID) 7841476577

VAS Experts manufactures, develops, and sells hardware and software related to the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM).

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. User traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).

SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on the ability of Russian citizens to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

VAS Experts is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic.

VAS Experts is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure.

VAS Experts operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, VAS Experts develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.

Therefore, VAS Experts provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026

6.

Norsi-Trans

a.k.a. Closed Joint-Stock Company “Norsi-Trans”

(Russian: Закрытое Акционерное Общество “Норси-Транс”)

Address: 127015 Moscow, Bolshaya Novodmitrovskaya Street 12, building 15, floor 2, room 36)

Date of registration: 16.1.2003

OGRN: 1037700030477

INN (Russian tax ID): 7705051215

Closed Joint-Stock Company “Norsi-Trans” manufactures, develops, and sells hardware and software related to the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM).

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. User traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB).

SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. SORM has had a profound impact on Russians’ ability to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine. It was also used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

Norsi-Trans is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software that is integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. SORM includes monitoring equipment installed in facilities of telecommunications providers. Such monitoring equipment provides information to the Russian government’s intelligence agency, including on phone calls, text messages, emails and internet traffic. SORM also facilitates access to communications data associated with messaging application, metadata, mobile numbers, phone identifiers, geolocation, names, email addresses and IP addresses.

Norsi-Trans is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure.

Norsi-Trans operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. These authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, Norsi-Trans develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements established by the FSB.

Therefore, Norsi-Trans provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026

7.

LLC Citadel

(Russian: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью “Цитадель”)

Address: 127015 Moscow, Intra-city municipal territory municipal district Butyrsky, Novodmitrovskaya Street 2B

OGRN: 1157746895690

INN(Russian tax ID): 9701012339

Address: 603098, Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina, 50 (Korpus 9), BTS “Chiornaya Zhemchuzhina”

OGRN: 1055238018098

INN (Russian tax ID): 5260146265

LLC Citadel operates in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and develops, implements and provides support for software and hardware of the so-called System of Operative Investigative Measures (SORM). LLC Citadel is the largest manufacturer and reportedly the most important supplier of SORM hardware and software in Russia.

SORM is a surveillance system used since the mid-1990s to control internet and mobile communications in Russia, namely the monitoring of phone calls, emails, internet use, text messages and social networks. Mobile phone and internet providers are legally required to install SORM. It is installed in all Russian data centres and at all internet exchange points and within major search engines. The user traffic is copied to a separate server or to a data centre available to the Federal Security Service (FSB). SORM gathers information about users’ physical location, activity patterns, time of device use, users’ behaviour and the use of different SIM cards in one or more devices. It can be used retroactively and without the provider’s knowledge.

SORM has been used to target journalists, opposition figures, minority groups and ordinary citizens. It has also been used to prosecute supporters of the Russian opposition, leaders such as Alexei Navalny, organisers of protests, individuals who ran internet accounts critical of the Russian authorities or produced reports on the political situations and activists who opposed the war of aggression against Ukraine. SORM has also been used to pre-emptively detain individuals suspected of anti-government activities. It has had a profound impact on Russians’ ability to access unbiased information about the war of aggression against Ukraine and was used to block traffic from, and access to, thousands of Western websites and services.

LLC Citadel is involved in the development, supply and maintenance of SORM, including hardware and software integrated into telecoms networks, therefore allowing intelligence agencies to directly access all traffic. SORM includes monitoring equipment installed in facilities of telecommunications providers. Such monitoring equipment provides information to the Russian government’s intelligence agency, including on phone calls, text messages, emails and internet traffic. SORM also facilitates access to communications data associated with messaging application, metadata, mobile numbers, phone identifiers, geolocation, names, email addresses and IP addresses.

LLC Citadel is a key supplier of SORM that complies with interception requirements mandated by the FSB and supports the operation of Russia’s communications surveillance infrastructure.

LLC Citadel operates within a framework established and supervised by the Russian authorities. The authorities approve technical requirements for SORM deployment, require operators to coordinate implementation plans, oversee compliance and use the equipment for direct interception activities. Consequently, LLC Citadel develops and supplies equipment specifically designed to satisfy surveillance requirements.

Therefore, LLC Citadel provides material support for serious violations and abuses of human rights and for the repression of civil society and democratic opposition.

13.7.2026