1.1.

‘Devices for Indirect Vision’ means devices to observe the traffic area adjacent to the vehicle which cannot be observed by direct vision. These can be conventional mirrors, camera-monitors or other devices able to present information about the indirect field of vision to the driver.

1.1.1.

‘Mirror’ means any device, excluding devices such as periscopes, intended to give a clear view to the rear, side or front of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in point 5 of Annex III.

1.1.1.1.

‘Interior mirror’ means a device as defined in point 1.1, which can be fitted in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.

1.1.1.2.

‘Exterior mirror’ means a device as defined in point 1.1, which can be mounted on the external surface of a vehicle.

1.1.1.3.

‘Surveillance mirror’ means a mirror other than the ones defined in point 1.1.1 . which can be fitted to the inside or outside of the vehicle in order to provide fields of vision other than those specified in point 5 of Annex III.

1.1.1.4.

‘r’ means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in point 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II.

1.1.1.5.

The principal radii of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface ‘(ri)’ means the values obtained with the apparatus defined in Appendix 1 to Annex II, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface passing through the centre of this surface parallel to the segment b, as defined in point 2.2.1 of Annex II and on the arc perpendicular to this segment.

1.1.1.6.

The radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface ‘(rp)’ means the arithmetical average of the principal radii of curvature ri and ri i.e.:

1.1.1.7.

‘Spherical surface’ means a surface which has a constant and equal radius in all directions

1.1.1.8.

‘Aspherical surface’ means a surface which has only in one plane a constant radius.

1.1.1.9.

‘Aspherical mirror’ means a mirror composed of a spherical and an aspherical part, in which the transition of the reflecting surface from the spherical to the aspherical part has to be marked. The curvature of the main axis of the mirror is defined in the x/y Coordinate system defined by the radius of the spherical primary calotte with:

1.1.1.10.

‘Centre of the reflecting surface’ means the centre of the visible area of the reflecting surface.

1.1.1.11.

‘The radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the mirror’ means the radius ‘c’ of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question.

1.1.1.12.

‘The driver's ocular points’ means two points 65 mm apart and 635 mm vertically above point R of the driver's seat as defined in Appendix 6 to this Annex. The straight line joining these points runs perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. The centre of the segment joining the two ocular points is in a vertical longitudinal plane which must pass through the centre of the driver's designated seating position, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

1.1.1.13.

‘Ambinocular vision’ means the total field of vision obtained by the superimposition of the monocular fields of the right eye and the left eye (see figure 1 below).

1.1.1.14.

‘Class of mirror’ means all devices having one or more common characteristics or functions. They are classified as follows:

1.1.2.

‘Camera-monitor device for indirect vision’ means a device as defined in item 1.1, where the field of vision is obtained by means of a camera-monitor combination as defined in points 1.1.2.1 and 1.1.2.2.

1.1.2.1.

‘Camera’ means a device that renders an image of the outside world by means of a lens onto a light-sensitive electronic detector that then converts this image into a video signal.

1.1.2.2.

‘Monitor’ means a device that converts a video signal into images that are rendered into the visual spectrum.

1.1.2.3.

‘Detection’ means the ability to distinguish an object from its background/surroundings at certain distance.

1.1.2.4.

‘Luminance’ contrast means the brightness ratio between an object and its immediate background/surrounding that allows the object to be distinguished from its background/surroundings.

1.1.2.5.

‘Resolution’ means the smallest detail that can be discerned with a perceptual system, i.e. perceived as separate from the larger whole. The resolution of the human eye is indicated as ‘visual acuity’.

1.1.2.6.

‘Critical object’ means a circular object with a diameter D0 = 0,8 m (1).

1.1.2.7.

‘Critical perception’ means the level of perception that the human eye is generally capable of achieving under various conditions. For traffic conditions the limiting value for a critical perception is 8 arc-minutes of visual angle.

1.1.2.8.

‘Field of vision’ means the section of the tri-dimensional space in which a critical object can be observed and rendered by the device for indirect vision. This is based on the view on ground level offered by a device and might possibly be limited on the basis of the applicable maximum detection distance of the device.

1.1.2.9.

‘Detection distance’ means the distance measured at ground level from the viewing reference point to the extreme point at which a critical object just can be perceived (the limiting value for a critical perception just barely achieved).

1.1.2.10.

‘Critical field of vision’ means the area in which a critical object has to be detected by means of a device for indirect vision and that is defined by an angle and one or more detection distances.

1.1.2.11.

‘Viewing reference point’ means the point linked to the vehicle to which the prescribed field of vision is related. This point is the projection on the ground of the intersection of a vertical plane passing through the drivers's ocular points with a plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle situated 20 cm outside the vehicle

1.1.2.12.

‘Visual spectrum’ means light with a wavelength within the range within the perceptual limits of the human eyes: 380-780 nm.

1.1.3.

‘Other devices for indirect vision’ means devices as defined in point 1.1, where the field of vision is not obtained by means of a mirror or a Camera-monitor type device for indirect vision.

1.1.4.

‘Type of device for indirect vision’ means devices that do not differ on the following essential characteristics:

1.2.

Vehicles of categories ‘M1, M2, M3, N1, N2, N3’ means those defined in Annex II, Part A to Directive 70/156/EEC.

1.2.1.

‘Type of vehicle as regards indirect vision’ means motor vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:

1.2.1.1.

Type of device for indirect vision

1.2.1.2.

The bodywork features which reduce the field of vision;

1.2.1.3.

The coordinates of point R;

1.2.1.4.

The prescribed positions, and type approval markings of compulsory and (if fitted) optional devices for indirect vision.

2.1.

The application for EC component type-approval for a type of device for indirect vision shall be made by the manufacturer.

2.2.

The model information document is reproduced in Appendix 1 to this Annex.

2.3.

For each type of device for indirect vision the application shall be accompanied by:

2.3.1.

In case of mirrors, four samples: three for use in the tests and one to be retained by the laboratory for any further examination that might subsequently prove necessary. Additional specimens may be called for at the request of the laboratory.

2.3.2.

In case of other devices for indirect vision, one sample of all the parts.

4.1.

The application for EC vehicle type-approval with regard to devices for indirect vision shall be made by the manufacturer.

4.2.

The model information document is reproduced in Appendix 3 to this Annex.

4.3.

For each type of vehicle the application shall be accompanied by:

4.3.1.

A vehicle representative of the type, the vehicle being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical department responsible for conducting the tests.

5.1.

Once the relevant requirements have been met, EC component type-approval shall be granted and a component type-approval number, in accordance with Annex VII to Directive 70/156/EEC, issued in respect of any mirror or device for indirect vision other than a mirror.

5.2.

This number shall not be assigned to any other type of device for indirect vision.

5.3.

The model EC type-approval certificate is reproduced in Appendix 2 to this Annex.

7.1.

Once the relevant requirements have been met, EC vehicle type-approval shall be granted in respect of any type of vehicles.

7.2.

The model EC type-approval certificate is reproduced in Appendix 4 to this Annex.

7.3.

A type-approval number in accordance with Annex VII of Directive 70/156/EEC is assigned to each vehicle type. The same Member State must not assign the same number to another vehicle type.

8.1.

Where type modifications are made to the type of vehicle or type of device for indirect vision approved pursuant to this Directive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply.

9.1.

Measures to ensure conformity of production must be taken in accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive 70/156/EEC.

1.1.

All mirrors must be adjustable.

1.2.

The edge of the reflecting surface must be enclosed in a protective housing (holder, etc.) which, on its perimeter, must have a value ‘c’ greater than or equal to 2,5 mm at all points and in all directions. If the reflecting surface projects beyond the protective housing, the radius of curvature ‘c’ on the edge of the projecting part must be not less than 2,5 mm and the reflecting surface must return into the protective housing under a force of 50 N applied to the point of greatest projection, relative to the protective housing, in a horizontal direction, approximately parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

1.3.

When the mirror is mounted on a plane surface, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the support after the test provided for in point 4.2, which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of an interior mirror or 100 mm in diameter in the case of an exterior mirror, must have a radius of curvature ‘c’ of not less than 2,5 mm.

1.3.1.

Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of point 1.3 provided that they are blunted.

1.4.

The device for the attachment of mirrors to the vehicle must be so designed that a cylinder with a 70 mm radius, having as its axis the axis, or one of the axes, of pivot or rotation which ensures deflection of the mirror in the direction of impact concerned, passes through at least part of the surface to which the device is attached.

1.5.

The parts of exterior mirrors referred to in points 1.2 and 1.3 which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness not exceeding 60 are exempt from the relevant provisions.

1.6.

In the case of those parts of interior mirrors which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 50 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of points 1.2 and 1.3 shall only apply to the support.

2.1.

Interior rear-view mirrors (Class I)

The dimensions of the reflecting surface must be such that it is possible to inscribe thereon a rectangle one side of which is 40 mm and the other ‘a’ mm in length, where

and r is the radius of curvature.

2.2.

Main exterior rear-view mirrors (Classes II and III).

2.2.1.

The dimensions of the reflecting surface must be such that it is possible to inscribe therein:

2.2.2.

The minimum values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ are given in the table below:

2.3.

‘Wide-angle’ exterior mirrors (Class IV)

The contours of the reflecting surface must be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that it provides, if necessary in conjunction with a Class II exterior mirror, the field of vision specified in point 5.4 of Annex III.

2.4.

‘Close-proximity’ exterior mirrors (Class V)

The contours of the reflecting surface must be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in point 5.5 of Annex III.

2.5.

Front mirrors (Class VI)

The contours of the reflecting surface must be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in point 5.6 of Annex III.

3.1.

The reflecting surface of a mirror must be either flat or spherically convex. Exterior mirrors may be equipped with an additional aspherical part provided that the main mirror fulfils the requirements of the indirect field of vision.

3.2.

Differences between the radii of curvature of mirrors

3.2.1.

The difference between ri or r'i, and rp at each reference point must not exceed 0,15 r.

3.2.2.

The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2, and rp3) and r must not exceed 0,15 r.

3.2.3.

When r is not less than 3 000 mm, the value of 0,15 r quoted in points 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 is replaced by 0,25 r.

3.3.

Requirements for aspherical parts of mirrors

3.3.1.

Aspherical mirrors shall be of sufficient size and shape to provide useful information to the driver. This normally means a minimum width of 30 mm at some point.

3.3.2.

The radius of curvature ri of the aspherical part shall not be less than 150 mm.

3.4.

Value of ‘r’ for spherical mirrors must not be less than:

3.4.1.

1 200 mm for interior rear-view mirrors (Class I);

3.4.2.

1 200 mm for Class II and III main exterior rear-view mirrors;

3.4.3.

300 mm for ‘wide-angle’ exterior mirrors (Class IV) and ‘close-proximity’ exterior mirrors (Class V);

3.4.4.

200 mm for front mirrors (Class VI).

3.5.

The value of the normal coefficient of reflection, as determined according to the method described in Appendix 1 to this Annex, must be not less than 40 %.

In the case of reflecting surfaces with a changeable degree of reflection, the ‘day’ position must allow the colours of the signals used for road traffic to be recognised. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection in the ‘night’ position must be not less than 4 %.

3.6.

The reflecting surface must retain the characteristics laid down in point 3.5 in spite of prolonged exposure to adverse weather conditions in normal use.

4.1.

Mirrors shall be subjected to the tests described in point 4.2.

4.1.1.

The test provided for in point 4.2 shall not be required in the case of any exterior mirror of which no part is less than 2 m from the ground, regardless of the adjustment position, when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technically permissible mass.

This derogation also applies to the attachments of mirrors (attachment plates, arms, swivel joints, etc.) which are situated less than 2 m from the ground and which do not project beyond the overall width of the vehicle, measured in the transverse plane passing through the lowest mirror attachments or any other point forward of this plane if this configuration produces a greater overall width.

In such cases, a description specifying that the mirror must be mounted so as to conform to the abovementioned conditions for the positioning of its attachments on the vehicle must be provided.

Where advantage is taken of this derogation, the arm shall be indelibly marked with the symbol

and the type-approval certificate shall be endorsed to this effect.

4.2.

Impact test

The test according to this paragraph is not to be carried out for devices integrated in the bodywork of the vehicle and providing a frontal deflecting area of an angle not more than 45° measured in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, or devices not protruding more than 100 mm measured beyond the circumscribing bodywork of the vehicle according to 74/483/EEC.

4.2.1.

Description of the test rig

4.2.1.1.

The test rig consists of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the plane containing the ‘release’ trajectory of the pendulum.

The end of the pendulum comprises a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm having a 5 mm thick rubber covering of Shore A hardness 50.

A device is provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release.

A support firmly fixed to the structure of the pendulum serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements specified in point 4.2.2.6.

Figure 2 below gives the dimensions of the test rig and the special design specifications:

4.2.1.2.

The centre of percussion of the pendulum coincides with the centre of the sphere, which forms the hammer. It is at a distance ‘l’ from the axis of oscillation in the release plane, which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum is mo = 6,8 ± 0,05 kilograms. The relationship of ‘mo’ to the total mass ‘m’ of the pendulum and to the distance ‘d’ between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:

4.2.2.

Description of the test

4.2.2.1.

The procedure used to clamp the mirror to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer.

4.2.2.2.

Positioning of the mirror for the test

4.2.2.2.1.

Mirrors shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig in such a way that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when the mirror is installed on a vehicle in accordance with the applicant's mounting instructions are in a similar position.

4.2.2.2.2.

When a mirror is adjustable with respect to the base, the test position shall be that in which any pivoting device is least likely to operate, within the limits of adjustment provided by the applicant.

4.2.2.2.3.

When the mirror has a device for adjusting its distance from the base, the device must be set in the position in which the distance between the housing and the base is shortest.

4.2.2.2.4.

When the reflecting surface is mobile in the housing, it shall be so adjusted that the upper corner, which is furthest from the vehicle, is in the position of greatest projection relative to the housing.

4.2.2.3.

Except in the case of test 2 for interior mirrors (see point 4.2.2.6.1), when the pendulum is in a vertical position, the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the reflecting surface as defined in point 1.1.1.10 of Annex I. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

V4.2.2.4.

When, under the conditions governing adjustment laid down in points 4.2.2.1 and 4.2.2.2 parts of the mirror limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact must be displaced in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivoting in question.

The displacement must be no greater than is strictly necessary for the execution of the test; it must be limited in such a way that:

4.2.2.5.

The test consists in allowing the hammer to fall from a height corresponding to a pendulum angle of 60° from the vertical so that the hammer strikes the mirror at the moment when the pendulum reaches the vertical position.

4.2.2.6.

The mirrors are subjected to impact under the following different conditions:

4.2.2.6.1.

Interior mirrors

4.2.2.6.2.

Exterior mirrors

Where Class II or III rear-view mirrors are fixed to the same mounting as Class IV rear-view mirrors, the abovementioned tests shall be executed on the lower mirror. Nevertheless, the technical service responsible for testing may repeat one or both of these tests on the upper mirror if this is less than 2 m from the ground.

5.1.

In the tests described in point 4.2, the pendulum must continue to swing after impact in such a way that the projection of the position assumed by the arm on the plane of release makes an angle of at least 20° with the vertical. The accuracy of measurement of the angle shall be within ± 1°.

5.1.1.

This requirement is not applicable to mirrors stuck to the windscreen, in respect of which the requirement stipulated in point 5.2 shall apply after the test.

5.1.2.

The required angle to the vertical is reduced from 20° to 10° for all Class II and Class IV rearview mirrors and for Class III rear-view mirrors which are attached to the same mounting as Class IV mirrors.

5.2.

Should the mounting of the mirror break during the tests described in point 4.2. for mirrors stuck to the windscreen, the part remaining must not project beyond the base by more than 10 mm and the configuration remaining after the test must satisfy the conditions laid down in point 1.3.

5.3.

The reflecting surface must not break during the tests described in point 4.2. However breakage of the reflecting surface will be allowed if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

5.3.1.

The fragments of glass still adhere to the back of the housing or to a surface firmly attached to the housing; partial separation of the glass from its backing is admissible provided this does not exceed 2,5 mm on either side of the cracks. It is permissible for small splinters to become detached from the surface of the glass at the point of impact;

5.3.2.

The reflecting surface is made of safety glass.

1.1.

If adjustment by the user is needed, the device for indirect vision shall be adjustable without the use of tools.

1.2.

If a device for indirect vision can only render the total prescribed field of vision by scanning the field of vision, the total process of scanning, rendering and reset to its initial position together shall not take more than 2 seconds.

2.1.

General requirements

2.1.1.

When the camera-monitor device for indirect vision is mounted on a plane surface, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of a monitor or 100 mm in diameter in the case of a camera, must have a radius of curvature ‘c’ of not less than 2,5 mm.

2.1.2.

Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of point 2.1.1. provided that they are blunted.

2.1.3.

For parts of the camera and the monitor which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 60 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of point 2.1.1 shall only apply to the support.

2.2.

Functional requirements

2.2.1.

The camera should function well under low sunlight conditions. The camera shall provide a luminance contrast of at least 1:3 under low sun condition in a region outside the part of the image where the light source is reproduced (condition as defined in EN 12368: 8.4). The light source shall illuminate the camera with 40 000 lx. The angle between the normal of the sensor plane and the line connecting the midpoint of the sensor and the light source shall be 10°.

2.2.2.

The monitor shall render a minimum contrast under various light conditions as specified by draft international standard ISO/DIS 15008 [2].

2.2.3.

It shall be possible to adjust the average luminance of the monitor either manually or automatically to the ambient conditions.

2.2.4.

The measurements for the luminance contrast shall be carried out according to ISO/DIS 15008.

3.1.

The device shall perceive the visual spectrum and shall always render this image without the need for interpretation into the visual spectrum.

3.2.

The functionality shall be guaranteed under the circumstances of use in which the system shall be put into service. Depending on the technology used in obtaining images and presenting them point 2.2 shall be entirely or partly applicable. In other cases this can be achieved by establishing and demonstrating by means of system sensitivity analogous to point 2.2 that a function is ensured that is comparable to or better than what is required for and by demonstrating that a functionality is guaranteed that is equivalent or better than that required for mirror- or camera-monitor devices for indirect vision.

1.1.

Mirrors and other devices for indirect vision must be fitted in such a way that the mirror or other device does not move so as significantly to change the field of vision as measured or vibrate to an extent which would cause the driver to misinterpret the nature of the image perceived.

1.2.

The conditions laid down in item 1.1 must be maintained when the vehicle is moving at speeds of up to 80 % of its maximum design speed, but not exceeding 150 km/h.

1.3.

The fields of vision defined below shall be established using ambinocular vision, the eyes being at the ‘driver's ocular points’ as defined in Annex I, point 1.1.1.12. The fields of vision shall be determined when the vehicle is in running order as defined in Directive 97/27/EC, Annex I, point 2.5. They shall be established through windows which have a total light transmission factor of at least 70 % measured normal to the surface.

2.

Number

2.1.

Minimum number of compulsory mirrors

2.1.1.

The fields of vision prescribed in point 5 shall be obtained from the minimum number on mandatory mirrors set out in the following table. Where the presence of a mirror is not requested on a mandatory base, this means that no other system for indirect vision can be requested on a mandatory base.

2.1.2.

In case the described field of vision of a front mirror prescribed in point 5.6 can be obtained by another device for indirect vision that is approved according to Annex II, part B and that is installed according to this Annex, this device can be used instead of a mirror.

In case a camera/monitor device is used the monitor must exclusively show the field of vision prescribed in point 5.6 while the vehicle is moving forward with a speed up to 30 km/h. In case the vehicle is moving with higher speed or moving backwards the monitor can be used to display the field of vision of other cameras mounted to the vehicle.

2.2.

The provisions of this Directive do not apply to the surveillance mirrors defined in point 1.1.1.3 of Annex I. Nevertheless, the exterior surveillance mirrors must be mounted at least 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technical permissible mass.

3.

Position

3.1.

Mirrors must be so placed that the driver, when sitting on the driving seat in a normal driving position, has a clear view of the road to the rear, side(s) or front of the vehicle.

3.2.

Exterior mirrors shall be visible through the side windows or through the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper. Nevertheless, for design reasons, this last provision (i.e. the provisions relating the cleaned part of the windscreen) shall not apply to:

3.3.

In the case of any vehicle, which is in chassis/cab form when the field of vision is measured, the minimum and maximum body widths shall be stated by the manufacturer and, if necessary, simulated by dummy headboards. All vehicles and mirror configurations taken into consideration during the tests shall be shown on the EC type-approval certificate for a vehicle with regard to the installation of mirrors (see Appendix 4 to Annex I).

3.4.

The prescribed exterior mirror on the driver's side of the vehicle must be so located that an angle of not more than 55° is formed between the vertical longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and the vertical plane passing through the centre of the mirror and through the centre of the straight line 65 mm long which joins the driver's two ocular points.

3.5.

Mirrors must not project beyond the external bodywork of the vehicle substantially more than is necessary to comply with the requirements concerning fields of vision laid down in point 5.

3.6.

Where the lower edge of an exterior mirror is less than 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is loaded to its technically permissible maximum laden mass, this mirror must not project more than 250 mm beyond the overall width of the vehicle measured without mirrors.

3.7.

Class V and Class VI mirrors shall be mounted on vehicles in such a way that, regardless of their position after adjustment, no part of these mirrors or their holders is less than 2 m from the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its technically permissible maximum laden mass.

These mirrors shall not, however, be mounted on vehicles the cab height of which is such as to prevent compliance with this requirement. In this case an other device for indirect vision is not required.

3.8.

Subject to the requirements of points 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7, mirrors may project beyond the permissible maximum widths of vehicles.

4.

Adjustment

4.1.

The interior mirror must be capable of being adjusted by the driver from his driving position.

4.2.

The exterior mirror situated on the driver's side must be capable of being adjusted from inside the vehicle while the door is closed, although the window may be open. The mirror may, however, be locked in position from the outside.

4.3.

The requirements of point 4.2 do not apply to exterior mirrors which, after having been knocked out of alignment, can be returned to their former position without the need for adjustment.

5.

Fields of vision

5.1.

Interior rear-view mirror (Class I)

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 20 m wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road centred on the vertical longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and extending from 60 m behind the driver's ocular points (Figure 6) to the horizon.

5.2.

Main exterior rear-view mirrors Class II

5.2.1.

Exterior rear-view mirror on the driver's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 5 m wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by a plane which is parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the driver's side of the vehicle and extends from 30 m behind the driver's ocular points to the horizon.

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 1 m, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 4 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points (see Figure 7).

5.2.2.

Exterior rear-view mirror on the passenger's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 5 m wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded on the passenger's side by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the passenger's side and which extends from 30 m behind the driver's ocular points to the horizon.

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 1 m, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 4 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points (see Figure 7).

5.3.

Main exterior rear-view mirrors Class III

5.3.1.

Exterior rear-view mirror on the driver's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 4 m wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the driver's side of the vehicle and extends from 20 m behind the driver's ocular points to the horizon (see Figure 8).

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 1 m, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 4 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points.

5.3.2.

Exterior rear-view mirror on the passenger's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 4 m wide flat, horizontal portion of the road which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the passenger's side and which extends from 20 m behind the driver's ocular points to the horizon (see Figure 8).

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 1 m which is bounded by a plane which is parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 4 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points.

5.4.

‘Wide-angle’ exterior mirror (Class IV)

5.4.1.

‘Wide-angle’ exterior mirror on the driver's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 15 m wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the driver's side and which extends from at least 10 m to 25 m behind the driver's ocular points.

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 4,5 m, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 1,5 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points (see Figure 9).

5.4.2.

‘Wide-angle’ exterior mirror on the passenger's side

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a 15-m-wide, flat, horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle on the passenger's side and which extends from at least 10 m to 25 m behind the driver's ocular points.

In addition, the road must be visible to the driver over a width of 4,5 m, which is bounded by a plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane and passing through the outermost point of the vehicle starting from a point 1,5 m behind the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points (see Figure 9).

5.5.

‘Close-proximity’ exterior mirror (Class V)

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see a flat horizontal portion of the road along the side of the vehicle, bounded by the following vertical planes (see Figures 10a and 10b):

5.5.1.

the plane parallel to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the vehicle which passes through the outermost point of the vehicle cab on the passenger's side;

5.5.2.

in the transverse direction, the parallel plane passing at a distance of 2 m in front of the plane mentioned in point 5.5.1;

5.5.3.

to the rear, the plane parallel to the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points and situated at a distance of 1,75 m behind that plane;

5.5.4.

to the front, the plane parallel to the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points and situated at a distance of 1 m in front of that plane. If the vertical transverse plane passing through the leading edge of the vehicle bumper is less than 1 m in front of the vertical plane passing through the driver's ocular points, the field of vision shall be limited to that plane.

5.5.5.

In case the field of vision described in Figures 10a and 10b can be perceived through the combination of the field of vision from a Class IV wide-angle mirror and that of a Class VI front mirror, the installation of a Class V close proximity mirror is not compulsory.

5.6.

Front mirror (Class VI)

5.6.1.

The field of vision must be such that the driver can see at least a flat horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by:

The front of this field of vision opposite to the driver's side may be rounded off with a radius of 2 000 mm (see Figure 11).

The provisions for front mirrors are compulsory for forward controlled (as defined in Directive 70/156/EEC, Annex I (a), Footnote (Z)) vehicles of categories N2 > 7,5t and N3.

If vehicles of these categories with other construction characteristics regarding the body-work cannot fulfil the requirements by using a front mirror, a camera/monitor device shall be used. If either of these options do not provide the adequate field of vision then any other device for indirect vision shall be used. This device must be able to detect an object of 50 cm height and with a diameter of 30 cm within the field defined in Figure 11.

5.6.2.

However, if the driver can see, taking into account the obstructions by the A-pillars, a straight line 300 mm in front of the vehicle at a height of 1 200 mm above the road surface and which is situated between a longitudinal vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal vertical median plane going through the outermost side of the vehicle at the driver's side and a longitudinal vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal vertical median plane 900 mm outside the outermost side of the vehicle opposite to the driver's side, a front mirror of class VI is not mandatory.

5.7.

In the case of mirrors consisting of several reflecting surfaces which are either of a different curvature or make an angle with each other, at least one of the reflecting surfaces must provide the field of vision and have the dimensions (see point 2.2.2 of Annex II) specified for the class to which they belong.

5.8.

Obstructions

5.8.1.

Interior rear-view mirror (Class I)

The field of vision may be reduced by the presence of headrest and devices such as, in particular, sun visors, rear windscreen wipers, heating elements and stop lamp of category S3 or by components of bodywork such as window columns of rear split doors, provided that all these devices together do not obscure more than 15 per cent of the prescribed field of vision when projected onto a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. The degree of obstruction shall be measured with the headrests adjusted to their lowest possible position and with the sun visors folded back.

5.8.2.

Exterior mirrors (Classes II, III, IV,V and VI)

In the fields of vision specified above, obstruction due to the bodywork and some of its components, such as other mirrors, door handles, outline marker lights, direction indicators and rear bumpers, as well as reflective-surface cleaning components, shall not be taken into account if they are responsible for a total obstruction of less than 10 % of the specified field of vision.

5.9.

Test procedure

The field of vision shall be determined by placing powerful light sources at the ocular points and examining the light reflected on the vertical monitoring screen. Other equivalent methods may be used.

6.

A device for indirect vision shall give such performances that a critical object can be observed within the described field of vision, taking into account the critical perception.

7.

Obstruction of the driver's direct view caused by the installation of a device for indirect vision shall be restricted to a minimum.

8.

For the determination of the detection distance in case of camera-monitor devices for indirect vision, the procedure of the Appendix to this Annex shall be applied.

9.

Installation requirements for the monitor

The viewing direction of the monitor shall roughly be the same direction as the one for the main mirror.

10.

Vehicles of category M2 and M3 and complete or completed vehicles of categories N2 >7,5 t and N3 having a special bodywork for refuse collection may be equipped on the rear part of their bodywork with a device for indirect vision other than a mirror in order to ensure the following field of vision.

10.1.

The field of vision (see figure 12) must be such that the driver can see at least a flat horizontal portion of the road, which is bounded by:

10.2.

If vehicles of these categories cannot fulfil the requirements of point 10.1 by using a camera/monitor device, other devices for indirect vision can be used. In this case the device must be able to detect an object of 50 cm height and with a diameter of 30 cm within the field defined in point 10.1.