52006DC0018

[pic] | KOMISIJA EVROPSKIH SKUPNOSTI |

Bruselj, 25.1.2006

COM(2006) 18 konč.

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE SVETU IN EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU

Vlaganje v ljudi Sporočilo o tematskem programu za človekov in socialni razvoj ter finančni perspektivi za obdobje 2007–2013

KAZALO

I. Splošni uvod o tematskih programih 3

II. Okvir: Vlaganje v ljudi – politika EU glede človekovega in socialnega razvoja 3

Izkušnje in pridobljena spoznanja 4

Utemeljitev in dodana vrednost tematskega programa „Vlaganje v ljudi “ 5

III. Predlagani tematski program „Vlaganje v ljudi“ 5

Področje uporabe 5

Prednostne naloge pri tematskih ukrepih za človekov in socialni razvoj 5

1. Zdravje za vse 6

2. Znanje in spretnosti za vse 6

3. Kultura 8

4. Zaposlovanje in socialna kohezija 8

5. Enakost spolov 9

6. Mladina in otroci 10

IV. Načrtovanje in izvajanje programov 10

Priloge… 12

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE SVETU IN EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU

Vlaganje v ljudiSporočilo o tematskem programu za človekov in socialni razvoj ter finančnih perspektivah za obdobje 2007 –2013

I. SPLOšNI UVOD O TEMATSKIH PROGRAMIH

Za racionalizacijo in poenostavitev veljavnega zakonodajnega okvira, ki ureja zunanje ukrepe Skupnosti, je Evropska komisija predlagala niz šestih novih instrumentov v okviru finančnih perspektiv za obdobje 2007–2013. Trije instrumenti so horizontalni, namenjeni pa so posebnim potrebam in okoliščinam. Trije so namenjeni izvajanju posebnih politik (predpristopna pomoč, evropska politika sosedstva in partnerstva ter razvojno sodelovanje in gospodarsko sodelovanje) in imajo opredeljen geografski obseg. V prihodnje bodo ti instrumenti pravna podlaga za izdatke Skupnosti, namenjene podpori programov zunanjega sodelovanja, vključno s tematskimi programi, ki bodo presegli geografski obseg treh politično vodenih instrumentov in med drugim nadomestili obstoječe tematske uredbe. Ker je instrument za predpristopno pomoč (IPA) namenjen posebej temu, da pomaga državam kandidatkam in možnim državam kandidatkam pri sprejemanju in izvajanju pravnega reda Evropskih skupnosti, upravičenke do predpristopne pomoči (IPA) ne sodijo v področje uporabe tega tematskega programa.

Tematski programi zagotavljajo določeno dodano vrednost in dopolnjujejo geografske programe, ki bodo tudi v prihodnje prednostni okvir za sodelovanje Skupnosti s tretjimi državami[i]. Komisija se je zavezala, da bo z Evropskim parlamentom in Svetom razpravljala o področju uporabe, ciljih in prednostnih nalogah vsakega tematskega programa na podlagi uradnih sporočil obema institucijama. Ta postopek bo zagotovil politične smernice za nadaljnje stopnje načrtovanja programov, predvsem tematske strateške dokumente, ki jih bo treba pripraviti v skladu z določbami zgoraj navedenih instrumentov.

II. OKVIR: VLAGANJE V LJUDI – POLITIKA EU GLEDE čLOVEKOVEGA IN SOCIALNEGA RAZVOJA

Pri človekovem in socialnem razvoju so najpomembnejši ljudje[ii]. Človeške potrebe in možnosti usmerjajo in opredeljujejo razvoj, rast, varnost in zmanjševanje revščine. To je ključni strateški sestavni del „Evropskega soglasja“[iii] in je zelo poudarjen v mednarodnih obveznostih ES, kot so obveznosti iz Deklaracije za novo tisočletje in obveznosti, dogovorjene na Mednarodni konferenci o prebivalstvu in razvoju v Kairu, Svetovnem vrhu o socialnem razvoju, v Pekinških izhodiščih za ukrepanje za enakost spolov in na vrhu ZN septembra 2005.

V okviru zunanjih ukrepov, vključno z razvojno politiko, se bo tematski program Vlaganje v ljudi osredotočil na bistvena področja, kot so zdravje za vse, znanje in spretnosti, kultura, zaposlovanje in socialna kohezija, enakost spolov, otroci in mladina. Odražal bo notranje politike EU in prispeval k skladnosti zunanjih politik EU. Program bo tako podpiral novo zgradbo zunanje pomoči, EU pa zagotovil sredstva za ukrepanje na nekaterih ključnih področjih. Predvsem bo zagotovil tematski okvir za souporabo strokovnega znanja, dobre prakse in izkušenj, za spremljanje, zbiranje in analizo podatkov, inovativne pristope in pilotne projekte na področjih, ki neposredno vplivajo na preživetje ljudi po svetu. Okrepil bo glas EU na mednarodni ravni. EU bo omogočil, da še naprej igra vidno in verodostojno vlogo v mednarodnih organizacijah in partnerstvih na teh področjih.

Izkušnje in pridobljena spoznanja

Tematski okvir temelji na bogatih spoznanjih, pridobljenih iz izkušenj na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni, ki so podrobneje opisana v Prilogi 2. Upošteva tudi najnovejše ocene in vrednotenje ukrepov na teh področjih[iv]. ES je opravila obširna posvetovanja o oblikovanju tega tematskega programa[v].

Pridobljena spoznanja kažejo, da je potreben celosten in skladen tematski pristop k človekovemu in socialnemu razvoju, ki je trdno zasidran v vsestranskem pristopu, ki ga je oblikovala EU v novih razvojnih in zunanjih politikah in ki bo dopolnil in dodal vrednost načrtovanju državnih programov na različnih osrednjih področjih. Zato program uvaja novosti, tako da presega sedanjo strategijo, ki se posveča zdravju, enakosti spolov in osnovni izobrazbi.

Na področjih bolezni revščine, spolnega in reproduktivnega zdravja in pravic ter enakosti spolov tematska strategija temelji na izkušnjah s posebnimi proračunskimi postavkami za tista področja, ki se bodo iztekla ob koncu leta 2006[vi]. Na drugih področjih, kot je izobraževanje, so se tematski programi izvajali prek regionalnih skladov ali pilotnih in pripravljalnih ukrepov. Izkušnje na teh tematskih področjih in izkušnje iz posameznih držav so pokazale, da bi se ES morala vključiti, kadar bi lahko bila skladnost politik in skupen pristop EU koristna.

Vprašanja zaposlovanja in socialne kohezije postajajo vedno bolj pomembna v mednarodni razpravi. Vse več držav in regij se zelo zanima za izkušnje EU v gospodarski politiki, politiki zaposlovanja in socialni politiki ter sodeluje z EU. Z osredotočanjem na zaposlovanje in socialno kohezijo v tematskem programu bo mogoče odgovoriti na vedno večje povpraševanje, na ta način pa se izraža tudi pripravljenost EU za iskanje novih načinov ukvarjanja z zvezo med rastjo, naložbami in zaposlovanjem ter vprašanji glede trgovine, socialne vključenosti in zaščite.

Razvojno delo se je bolj malo posvečalo kulturi, se pa vedno bolj priznava, da kultura in medkulturni dejavniki precej vplivajo na razvoj in se jih je treba lotiti s treh vidikov: spodbujanje dialoga med kulturami, ukvarjanje s kulturno različnostjo po svetu z mednarodnim sodelovanjem in spodbujanjem kulturnega področja in industrij kot dejavnikov zaposlovanja in rasti.

Vlaganje v ljudi bi torej lahko bilo sredstvo za oblikovanje in preizkušanje strategij za obravnavanje novih prednostnih nalog z evropsko dodano vrednostjo.

Spoznanja v zvezi z enakostjo spolov in otroki, pridobljena iz izkušenj in prispevkov zainteresiranih strani, kažejo, da je integracija pomembna, vendar ni dovolj učinkovita, in jo je treba podpreti s posebnimi ukrepi.

Program bi se lahko ukvarjal tudi s številnimi drugimi vprašanji, vendar je bilo treba zaradi omejenih sredstev opraviti izbiro, pri čemer so bile poudarjene dejavnosti, pri katerih ima EU največji vpliv in verodostojnost.

Utemeljitev in dodana vrednost tematskega programa „Vlaganje v ljudi “

Po navedbah Evropske komisije[vii] tematski program zajema posebno področje v interesu skupine držav partneric, ki niso geografsko določene, ali sodelovanje, namenjeno različnim regijam ali skupinam držav partneric, ali mednarodno dejavnost, ki ni geografsko opredeljena, vključno z večstranskimi in globalnimi pobudami za uveljavljanje notranjih politik Unije v tujini.

Eno od pomembnih načel, ki je podlaga za koncept tematskih programov, je „subsidiarnost“. Geografski programi so prednostni instrument za sodelovanje s tretjimi državami. Vendar pa v nekaterih okoliščinah geografski (državni, večdržavni in regionalni) programi niso najboljši instrument za ukrepanje na določenem področju: nekaterih ciljev politik EU ni mogoče doseči prek državnih in regionalnih programov in/ali nekateri ukrepi iz državnih in regionalnih programov se lahko učinkovito dopolnijo s tematskimi ukrepi. Tematski program dodaja vrednost geografskim programom, ker:

1. podpira inovacije in spodbuja krepitev inovativnih ukrepov ter ustvarja in združuje znanje in izkušnje ter dobro prakso v regijah;

2. krepi tehnično sodelovanje med državami in regionalnimi organizacijami za doseganje napredka pri mednarodnih obveznostih in krepi sodelovanje in zavezanost partnerskih držav in regij pri ustreznih mednarodnih konvencijah, pobudah in procesih. V posebnih primerih lahko zagotovi orodja za učinkovite primerjalne analize in spremljanje po regijah in tako koristi državni politiki, učinkovitosti pomoči in usklajevanju donatorjev v skladu s Pariško deklaracijo o usklajevanju pomoči;

3. podpira razvoj v okoliščinah in regijah, kjer se ni mogoče dogovoriti o dvostranskem sodelovanju ali ne obstaja okvir za sodelovanje, kot na primer v nestabilnih državah in v primeru nujnih programov;

4. se posveča izpolnjevanju mednarodnih obveznosti ES, globalnemu zagovarjanju najbolj pomembnih vprašanj, boljšemu svetovnemu upravljanju, večji učinkovitosti pomoči in zagotavljanju učinkovitega okvira večstranske politike.

III. Predlagani tematski program „VLAGANJE V LJUDI“

PODROčJE UPORABE

Program bo vzpostavljen v okviru „Evropskega soglasja“, zunanje razsežnosti politik EU in mednarodnih obveznosti ter se bo osredotočil na zagotavljanje sinergij med temami in politikami EU na teh področjih, da bi se okrepila usklajenost. Vlaganje v ljudi temelji na pravnem redu Evropskih skupnosti, oblikovanem v nizu dokumentov o ključnih politikah[viii], in ga povezuje. Dopolnjuje državne strategije.

Evropska komisija bo redno poročala Svetu in Evropskemu parlamentu o izvajanju strategije in objavljala ocenjevalna poročila.

Prednostne naloge pri tematskih ukrepih za človekov in socialni razvoj

Program se osredotoča na šest ključnih tem za človekov in socialni razvoj, poudarjenih v „Evropskem soglasju“ in v drugih navedenih mednarodnih obveznostih EU na tem področju: zdravje, znanje in spretnosti, kultura, socialna kohezija in zaposlovanje, enakost spolov, mladina in otroci. Te prednostne naloge so strateško povezane in med vsemi temami so razvite sinergije.

1. Zdravje za vse

Zdravje je pomembno za posameznikovo blaginjo, usposabljanje, delo, družbeno dejavnost, enakost spolov in za rast ter razvoj vseh družb. Najpomembnejša je skrb za zdravstvene sisteme v posameznih državah in dostop do osnovnih storitev. Zdravstveni kadri so ključna pomanjkljivost, ki jo je treba reševati na državni in mednarodni ravni. Zdravstveni informacijski sistemi, ki so sposobni ustvarjati, meriti in analizirati razčlenjene podatke o zmogljivostih, so bistvenega pomena pri zagotavljanju boljših zdravstvenih in razvojnih rezultatov ter učinkovitega prispevka domačih in zunanjih virov k hitrejšemu napredku. Še ena večja prednostna naloga politik EU za izboljševanje zdravstvenih sistemov in socialne kohezije je zagotavljanje pravičnih mehanizmov za financiranje pravičnega dostopa do zdravstvenega varstva za vse. Bolezni revščine so poseben izziv, ki zadeva različne sektorje in sega prek nacionalnih meja. EU že dolgo vodi in podpira mednarodna prizadevanja za boj proti virusu HIV/aidsu, tuberkolozi, malariji in drugim boleznim. EU je še vedno ena od vodilnih sil na ključnem področju spolnega in reproduktivnega zdravja in pravic na podlagi celotne agende iz Kaira. Ukrepi na teh dveh področjih bodo tudi v prihodnje ohranili enake opredelitve in področje uporabe, kot je določeno v Uredbi (ES) 1568/2003 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o pomoči za boj proti boleznim revščine v državah v razvoju in Uredbi (ES) 1567/2003 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta o spolnem in reproduktivnem zdravju in s tem povezanih pravicah v državah v razvoju. Usmeritve za boj proti virusu HIV/aidsu v EU in v sosednjih državah, ki jih je pred kratkim sprejela Evropska komisija, se bodo upoštevale zlasti za države v razvoju v sosedstvu EU. Tematski program lahko na te izzive odgovori na več načinov:

- pospeši razvoj in izboljša razpoložljivost in enak dostop za vse do globalnih javnih dobrin, vključno z učinkovitimi, dostopnimi in varnimi farmacevtskimi izdelki, izdelki in inovacijami na področju reproduktivnega zdravja, vključno z elektronsko komunikacijo, za strategije za boj proti boleznim in preprečevanje okužb, podpira inovativne okoljske zdravstvene ukrepe za preprečevanje bolezni in podpira sodelovanje in zmogljivosti ustanov in skupnosti, da se omogoči etično in učinkovito izvajanje kliničnega preskušanja in okrepi regulativna zmožnost;

- podpira zagovarjanje in dejavnosti obveščanja za dvig politične in javne ozaveščenosti ter boljše izobraževanje javnosti, vključno z občutljivostjo za vprašanja pravice, enakosti, enakosti spolov in kulture, povezana z želenimi zdravstvenimi rezultati in preprečevanjem;

- s krepitvijo zmogljivosti, vključno z uporabo orodij s področja informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije, da oblikovalci politike in druge pomembne interesne strani na državni, regionalni in globalni ravni izboljšajo svoj prispevek k razvojnim rezultatom na teh področjih.

2. Znanje in spretnosti za vse

EU prispeva k izboljševanju dostopa do izobraževanja za vse otroke in vedno bolj tudi za ženske in moške vseh starosti z namenom izboljševanja znanja, spretnosti in zaposljivosti na trgu dela, kar prispeva k dejavnemu prebivalstvu in samouresničevanju skozi vse življenje, ter podpira vključujočo družbo znanja in prispeva k premostitvi digitalnega razkoraka in vrzeli v znanju in informacijah. Pozornost bo namenjena predvsem nepismenosti odraslih in programom opismenjevanja odraslih. Po splošnem osnovnošolskem izobraževanju morajo države v sodelovanju s poslovnim sektorjem in donatorji zdaj organizirati poklicno izobraževanje in usposabljanje kot glavni način za doseganje zaposljivosti in zagotavljanje boljšega dostopa do kakovostnega srednješolskega in višjega izobraževanja. Terciarno izobraževanje ima pomembno vlogo pri ustanavljanju lokalnih centrov znanja in pri usposabljanju strokovnih delavcev na področju izobraževanja in zdravja ter ljudi, katerih spretnosti, zmožnosti in podjetniški duh prispevajo k rasti in torej k zmanjševanju revščine. Zmogljivost in kakovost terciarnega izobraževanja, vključno z izpopolnjenim poklicnim izobraževanjem in usposabljanjem, je treba izboljšati v veliko državah v razvoju. Pobude, razvite v EU ali v okviru dvostranskih programov zunanje pomoči za razvoj znanja in kadrov, so lahko zanimive tudi za nekatere partnerje.

Ta celostni pristop poudarja, da je dostop do znanja in spretnosti glavno orodje za ozaveščanje otrok, mladine in žensk ter za izboljševanje njihovega znanja in spretnosti, povezanih s preprečevanjem bolezni in oskrbo, načrtovanjem družine, zavestjo o človekovih pravicah, strpnostjo, solidarnostjo in mirom. Znanje, inovacije z uporabo znanosti in tehnologije ter razvoj in dostop do elektronskih komunikacijskih omrežij so ključni dejavniki socialno-ekonomske rasti in trajnostnega razvoja, obravnavati pa jih je treba v sinergiji z mednarodno razsežnostjo politike EU na področju raziskav. Vsa prizadevanja za spodbujanje izobraževanja in usposabljanja bi morala čimbolj zmanjšati učinek bega možganov.

Ta tematski program lahko k državnim programom prispeva z naslednjimi dopolnilnimi ukrepi:

- pomoč državam z nizkimi dohodki, da postanejo upravičene do mednarodne podpore za razvoj ustreznih in kakovostnih izobraževalnih politik; prispevanje k mednarodnim mehanizmom, katerih namen je podpiranje držav, ki jim ne uspe zagotoviti dovolj podpore donatorjev, da bi financirale svoje načrte na področju izobraževanja;

- spodbujanje mednarodnih izmenjav izkušenj in dobrih praks na področju razvijanja sekundarnega in poklicnega izobraževanja ter usposabljanja, vključno s tesnim sodelovanjem z organizacijami, ki predstavljajo delodajalce in delavce ter ostale zainteresirane strani, katerega namen je zagotavljanje kakovosti in izpolnjevanje potreb po znanju in spretnostih ter čim večja zaposljivost in prilagodljivost;

- spodbujanje transnacionalnega sodelovanja univerz in mobilnosti študentov na mednarodni ravni z uporabo spremljevalnih ukrepov, ki omogočajo meddržavne ali regionalne programe, uporabo mrež informacijske in komunikacijske tehnologije za izgradnjo izobraževalnih mrež jug-jug in jug-sever, ter dostop do virov informacij, vključno s programom ERASMUS mundus , učenjem na daljavo in navidezno mobilnostjo;

- razvoj statističnih zmogljivosti in doslednih načinov za zbiranje kvantitativnih in kvalitativnih podatkov na podlagi splošno opredeljenih kazalnikov, skupnih konceptov za analizo podatkov in izboljševanja okvira globalnega spremljanja. To bo koristno pri načrtovanju programov, spremljanju in ocenjevanju pomoči, predvsem pri sektorski proračunski podpori, tako za prejemnike kot za donatorje;

- marginalizirani in ogroženi otroci (npr. otroci, ki delajo, sirote, invalidni otroci, otroci v spopadih ali razmerah, ki sledijo spopadom, otroci pripadniki avtohtonega prebivalstva in manjšin ali otroci v oddaljenih podeželskih regijah, predvsem deklice), nimajo možnosti za šolanje. Ta položaj je mogoče neločljivo povezati s položaji teh otrok in njihovih družin ter pomanjkljivimi šolskimi sistemi. Ta program bi lahko z posredovanjem, pilotnimi projekti, izmenjavo izkušenj in dobrih praks zagotavljal, da bi bili na globalni ravni bolj pozorni na potrebe teh otrok, medtem ko bo morala večina podpore izhajati iz državnih ali regionalnih programov. Ta povezava med izobraževanjem in bojem proti vsem oblikam dela otrok bi morala biti prednostno področje.

3. Kultura

Kultura določa, kako delujejo družbe in gospodarstva ter učinkuje na vse vidike interakcije med EU in državami partnericami z vplivom na socialno, gospodarsko in zunanjo politiko. Načela lastništva in udeležbe, če se pravilno uporabljajo za doseganje samospoštovanja in enakosti, bi morala omogočiti spoštovanje kulturne realnosti sodelujočih, ne da bi se postavila pod vprašaj univerzalnost človekovih pravic in temeljne svoboščine. Nedavno sprejeta Unescova konvencija o varstvu in spodbujanju različnosti kulturnih izrazov je podlaga za mednarodni dogovor, da se bo aktivno spodbujala in podpirala kulturna različnost v mednarodnih odnosih, predvsem z državami v razvoju. Audiovizualna sredstva bi lahko bila učinkovit način za spodbujanje kulture in prenašanje izkušenj ter dobre prakse.

Kultura močno vpliva na učenje, vloge spolov in stereotipe, načine življenja, odnos do drugih, stigmatizacijo, diskriminacijo, konflikte in na mnoga druga vprašanja.

- Vlaganje v ljudi lahko pripomore k medsebojnemu razumevanju, dialogu med ljudmi in kulturami, spodbujanju kulturne različnosti, spoštovanju enakovrednega dostojanstva vseh kultur ter boljšemu sodelovanju in izmenjavi izkušenj na različnih področjih kulture, izobraževanja in raziskav. Spodbujanje spoštovanja socialnih, kulturnih in duhovnih vrednot avtohtonega prebivalstva in manjšin pomaga pri boju proti socialnim neenakostim in nepravičnosti v večetničnih družbah.

- Poleg tega je kultura obetaven gospodarski sektor za razvoj in rast. Pri mednarodnem sodelovanju, predvsem z državami v razvoju, je treba bolj poudarjati kulturni sektor, predvsem kulturne industrijske panoge, da bi popolnoma izkoristili njegov gospodarski potencial.

4. Zaposlovanje in socialna kohezija

Na svetovni ravni ter v različnih regijah in državah je vedno večje zanimanje za gospodarski in socialni pristop EU ob upoštevanju različnih položajev, potreb, zanimanj in možnosti partnerskih držav in regij[ix]. Zaposlovanje, boj proti neenakostim in spodbujanje socialne kohezije so pomembno novo področje zunanjih odnosov in razvojne politike Unije. To vključuje spodobno delo za vse, socialno varstvo in vključenost, produktivno zaposlenost, socialni dialog, razvoj kadrov, ozaveščanje žensk in osnovne socialne pravice, vključno z bojem proti vsem oblikam dela otrok in trgovini z ljudmi. Vključuje tudi spodbujanje celovitega socialnega in gospodarskega pristopa, ki upošteva gospodarstvo, trgovino, zaposlovanje ter socialno kohezijo kot neodvisne elemente na področju boja proti neenakostim. EU se bo osredotočila predvsem na socialne in fiskalne reforme, da bi spodbujala enakost in vedno bolj vključevala neformalni sektor v formalno gospodarstvo.

Vrh ZN leta 2005 je poudaril pomen prispevka, ki ga imata lahko produktivna zaposlenost in spodobno delo za vse pri preprečevanju in boju proti revščini, in potrebo, da se vključita v razvojne strategije. Celovite socialne in gospodarske strategije, trgovinske politike, ki spodbujajo socialni razvoj, naložbene politike, ki spodbujajo podjetništvo, enakost spolov na delovnem mestu, lokalno zaposlovanje ter znanje in spretnosti, učinkovite ustanove na trgu dela ter sodelovanje med socialnimi partnerji bodo torej bistvenega pomena za razvojne strategije.

Sistemi socialne varnosti in socialna vključenost so ključni dejavniki pri preprečevanju ranljivosti in zmanjševanju tveganja revščine. Podpirajo gospodinjstva in prispevajo k agendi o enakosti spolov ter k boju proti delu otrok. Treba bo povečevati socialno zaščito na področju neformalnega gospodarstva.

Tematski program lahko:

- prispeva k spodbujanju agende „spodobno delo za vse“ kot splošno sprejetega cilja, tudi prek globalnih in drugih večdržavnih pobud za uresničevanje mednarodnih delovnih standardov, vrednotenja vpliva trgovine na spodobno delo, socialnega dialoga, trajnostnih in ustreznih mehanizmov poštenega financiranja, učinkovitega delovanja in širšega obsega delovanja sistemov socialne zaščite, vključno s sistemom pokojninskega zavarovanja in osnovnimi koristmi socialne zaščite;

- podpira pobude za spodbujanje izboljševanja delovnih razmer in prilagajanja na liberalizacijo trgovine. To mora vključevati vidik zaposlovanja v razvojnih politikah in nadaljnje prevzemanje socialne odgovornosti gospodarskih družb kot prostovoljne poslovne prakse, da bi pripomogli k širjenju evropskih socialnih vrednot;

- pomaga spodbujati socialne vidike globalizacije in izkušnje EU.

5. Enakost spolov

Spodbujanje enakosti spolov in pravic žensk ni bistvenega pomena le samo po sebi, ampak je osnovna človekova pravica, ki jo vključuje Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah, in je vprašanje socialne pravičnosti; prav tako je to poglavitno za doseganje vseh razvojnih ciljev novega tisočletja in uresničevanje obveznosti, kot so na primer obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz Pekinških izhodišč za ukrepanje, akcijskega programa iz Kaira in Konvencije o odpravi vseh oblik diskriminacije žensk[x]. V okviru tega tematskega programa je treba vprašanja enakosti spolov, na primer dostopa deklic in žensk do znanja in spretnosti, varnih šolskih okolij, zdrave spolnosti, reproduktivnega zdravja in s tem povezanih pravic, socialne zaščite in zaposlovanja, reševati v skladu s štirimi zgoraj navedenimi prednostnimi nalogami. Pobude na področju kulture bodo prispevale k spreminjanju socialnih in kulturnih vzorcev obnašanja moških in žensk z namenom preprečevanja predsodkov in običajnih praks, ki temeljijo na konceptu podrejenosti ali nadrejenosti spolov ali pa na konceptu stereotipnih vlog moških in žensk.

Razen te horizontalne razsežnosti je enakost spolov sama po sebi vprašanje, ki ga je treba reševati s posebnimi ukrepi za enakost spolov. Ta tematski program lahko potrebne državne ukrepe dopolni z naslednjimi oblikami podpore, globalno ali po regijah:

- z zagotavljanjem strateške podpore za programe, ki prispevajo k doseganjem ciljev Pekinške deklaracije;

- s spodbujanjem organizacij civilne družbe, predvsem ženskih organizacij in mrež ter njihovih prizadevanj za spodbujanje enakosti spolov ter gospodarskega in socialnega ozaveščanja, vključno z zagovarjanjem in mrežnim povezovanjem sever-jug ter jug-jug;

- s spodbujanjem enakosti spolov pri prizadevanjih za krepitev statističnih zmogljivosti, tako da podpira razvoj in razširjanje podatkov ter kazalnikov, razčlenjenih glede na spol, ter podatkov in kazalnikov o enakosti spolov.

6. Mladina in otroci

Vlaganje v mladino in otroke je vlaganje v prihodnost. Največja skupina otrok in mladine s celega sveta, ki je kdajkoli obstajala, predstavlja izzive in priložnosti za države v razvoju. Ta skupina je še posebej ranljiva in treba se je posebej osredotočiti na njihove pravice in interese, začeti pri vključevanju, ozaveščanju, spodbujanju in zaščiti njihovih pravic, zdravja in preživetja. Zdravi in izobraženi otroci ter mladina, ki imajo zagotovljene osnovne pravice, so priložnost. Znanje in spretnosti jim omogočajo, da lahko sodelujejo na trgu dela in v družbi na splošno. Interese otrok in mladine je treba upoštevati pri vseh zadevnih ukrepih ter zagotoviti vključenost otrok in mladine ob zagotavljanju usklajenosti z življenjskim krogom in medgeneracijskim pristopom. Razen integriranja in državne podpore bi lahko tematski program:

- izboljšal pozornost držav in njihovo zmožnost reševanja vprašanj otrok in mladine z zunanjimi ukrepi;

- podpiral regionalne, medregionalne in globalne pobude na ključnih področjih, na primer pri preprečevanju vseh oblik dela otrok, trgovine z ljudmi in spolnega nasilja, ter podpiral mrežo za zaposlovanje mladih;

- podpiral ukrepe za spodbujanje otrok in mladih v razmerah in regijah, ko je dvostransko sodelovanje omejeno, na primer v nestabilnih državah;

- podpiral kartografske naloge, zbiranje in spremljanje podatkov (vključno z evidentiranjem rojstev), razvojne politike in pilotne projekte ter razširjanje dobre prakse reševanja žrtev dela otrok, trgovine z ljudmi ali nasilja ter njihovo ponovno vključevanje v družbo (izobraževanje, usposabljanje, zdravstvena in psihološka oskrba), posredovanje, osveščanje in inovativne pobude (na primer za preprečevanje dela otrok, trgovine z ljudmi, pohabljanja spolovil, neprostovoljnih spolnih odnosov in neprostovoljnih porok).

IV. NAčRTOVANJE IN IZVAJANJE PROGRAMOV

- Komisija bo odločala o štiriletnem (2007–2010) in kasneje o triletnem (2001–2013) tematskem strateškem dokumentu (o programskih dokumentih) v skladu s postopki komitologije[xi].

- Na podlagi tega večletnega načrtovanja programov Komisija predstavi letne akcijske programe, ki opredelijo prednostne ukrepe, ki jih je treba podpirati, določene cilje, predvidene rezultate in okvirne zneske.

- Program se uresničuje v skladu z reformo upravljanja zunanje pomoči iz leta 2000, ki med drugim predvideva tudi prenos upravnih odgovornosti na delegacije, kjer je to ustrezno.

- Kar zadeva vmesni pregled, bo v prvem triletnem obdobju (2007–2009) opravljeno zunanje ocenjevanje dejavnosti, da se zagotovijo podatki za pripravo na drugi tematski strateški dokument (2011–2013). Poročila bodo poslana državam članicam in Evropskemu parlamentu; z njimi bo tudi potekala razprava o teh poročilih.

ANNEX 1

List of key policy documents on human and social development 2002-2005

- United Nations Millennium Declaration, New York, 2000;http://www.un.org/millennium/summit.htm

- The 2005 World Summit; http://www.un.org/summit2005/

- The 2005 World Summit on Information Society; http://www.itu.int/wsis/

- UNDP Human Development Report 2004, “ Cultural Liberty in Today’s Diverse World”, http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/

- High-level Forum on the Health Millennium Development Goals, Geneva, 2004;http://www.who.int/hdp/hlf/en/

- UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, 2001; http://www.unaids.org/en/events/un+special+session+on+hiv_aids/declaration+of+commitment+on+hiv_aids.asp

- Education For All: Meeting our collective commitments, Dakar, 2000;http://www.unesco.org/education/efa/ed_for_all/dakfram_eng.shtml

- Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing Declaration, 1995;http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.htm and Beijing + 10

- World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 1995;http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/

- United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994 and Cairo + 10; http://www.iisd.ca/cairo.html

- A Fair Globalisation: Creating opportunities for all, World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation, Geneva, 2004;http://www.ilo.org/public/english/fairglobalization/index.htm

- ILO decent work agenda: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/decent.htm

- Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm

- Joint Statement by the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on European Union Development Policy: “The European Consensus”, 22 November 2005.

- Proposal for a joint declaration by the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on the European Union Development Policy “The European Consensus” (COM(2005) 311 final of 13 July 2005)

- Policy Coherence for Development - Accelerating progress towards attaining the Millennium Development Goals (COM(2005) 134 final of 12 April 2005)

- Health and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries (COM(2002) 129 final)

- EU Strategy for Action on the Crisis in Human Resources for Health in Developing Countries (COM(2005) 642 final)

AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis

- Regulation (EC) No 1568/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on aid to fight poverty diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria) in developing countries

- Report on the Commission Communication on the Update of the EC Programme for Action: Accelerated Action on HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis in the Context of Poverty Reduction – Outstanding Policy Issues and Future Challenges – European Parliament Committee on Development and Cooperation (PE 326.776/DEF A5-0055/2004)

- Second Progress Report on the EC Programme for Action: Accelerated action on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis in the context of poverty reduction (SEC(2004) 1326)

- A Coherent European Policy Framework for External Action to Confront HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis (COM(2004) 726 final)

- Council Conclusions on a Coherent European Policy Framework for External Action to Confront HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, 23 November 2004

- A European Programme for Action to Confront HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis through External Action (COM(2005) 179 final)

- Council Conclusions on a European Programme for Action to Confront HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis through External Action, 24 May 2005

- Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on combating HIV/AIDS within the European Union and the neighbouring countries 2006-2009. COM (2005) 654 final, 15 December 2005.

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)

- Regulation (EC) No 1567/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on aid for policies and actions on reproductive and sexual health and rights in developing countries

- Council conclusions on "Cairo ICPD +10", 24/11/04

Education

- Education and training in the context of poverty reduction in developing countries (COM(2002) 116 of 6.3.2002). This document paved the way for the adoption of a Council Resolution on “Education and poverty” on 30 May 2002 and of a European Parliament Resolution on “Education and training in the context of poverty reduction in developing countries” on 15 May 2003

Culture :

Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions. UNESCO, Paris, 20 October 2005. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=11281&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Social protection, social dialogue, employment, rights at work, children’s rights, social dimension of globalisation, decent work for all

- The Social Dimension of Globalisation – the EU’s policy contribution on extending the benefits to all (COM(2004) 383 final)

- The Social Agenda (COM(2005) 33 final)

- Promoting core labour standards and improving social governance in the context of globalisation (COM(2001) 416 final, 18 July 2001)

- December 2004 and June 2005 European Council conclusions on the social dimension of globalisation

- Council Conclusions of 21 July 2003, 5 March 2005 and 24 May 2005

- EP Report on promoting core labour standards, July 2003 (M.H. Gillig)

- EP Report A6-0308/2005 on the Social Dimension of Globalisation, 14 November 2005 (M. Brejc)

Gender equality

- Regulation (EC) No 806/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on promoting gender equality in development cooperation

- Programme of Action for the mainstreaming of gender equality in Community Development Cooperation (COM(2001) 295 final)

- Council Conclusions C/10/403 of 8 November 2001

- Report on equality between women and men 2004 and 2005 (COM(2004) 115 and COM(2005) 44

- Council Conclusions on the "Review of the implementation by the Member States and the EU institutions of the Beijing Platform for Action", 2/3 June 2005

- EP resolution on the follow-up to the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing + 10), 10/03/2005 - EP05-027

- EP Report A-5-0066/2002 (Maria Martens/Luisa Morgantini)

- http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/gender_equality/gender_mainstreaming/global/global_en.html

Main international and EU policy frameworks concerning children

- The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)[xii]

- International Conference on Population and Development ( ICPD ) and its Programme of Action, especially on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (Chapter VII)

- ILO Conventions 182 and 138 on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour and the minimum age for admission to employment[xiii]

- UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children[xiv]

UN General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on Children’s Rights of May 2002[xv]

Main International and EU policy frameworks concerning Indigenous Peoples

The ILO convention no. 169 on the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in independent countries.

The UN Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.

The UN Draft declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (1994/45)(E.CN.4.SUB.2.RES.1994)

European Commission Working Document of 11 May 1998 on support for indigenous peoples in development cooperation of the Community and Member States.

Council Resolution of 30th November 1998 on Indigenous Peoples within the Frame work of Development Cooperation of the Community and Member States.

Council Conclusion of 18th November 2002 on Indigenous issues.

The Convention on biological diversity (art. 8J)

Agenda 21 (article 24)

World Bank Operational Policies on Indigenous Peoples (O.P 4.10 May 10, 2005)

World Bank Bank Procedures on Indigenous Peoples (BP 4.10 May 10, 2005

ANNEX 2

Lessons learnt and past experience

Overall, while recognising the added value of thematic programmes, the new architecture of the instruments for external action provides an opportunity to rethink the scope and content of thematic programmes, including their budget appropriations, and to extend the concept of simplification to them by consolidating and rationalising them with a view to improving their effectiveness and efficiency. The scope and rationale for the programme envisaged and the management procedures for programming, budgeting and adopting them take into account the lessons learnt from evaluations. The Commission has evaluated most of the thematic regulations under the current Financial Perspectives. Moreover, a significant number of country strategy evaluations have been undertaken in recent years, which throw light upon the link between country programmes and thematic programmes. Certain general findings and lessons drawn from these studies need to be taken into account in the concept and definition of the future thematic programme, particularly where it is implemented at country level. On the one hand, the evaluations show that generally thematic programmes have had a positive impact.

Thematic programmes have proven useful for implementing Community action in cases where the government of the partner country blocks action under the geographical programmes, which is particularly the case in sensitive areas such as human rights, democracy or support to civil society.

They are a useful, if not the only, tool to create or contribute to international initiatives and partnerships, to pursue global advocacy and to buttress a leadership role for the EU on key issues on the international agenda.

They have been found useful to initiate actions, often with innovative approaches, with pre-selected partners.

Action is often more easily accepted by partner countries when funding is “additional”.

Thematic programmes have proven useful to intervene in fragile states and difficult partnerships, particularly in supporting programmes implemented by non-state entities.

On the other hand, the thematic programmes and budget lines have demonstrated certain weaknesses. They are currently extremely numerous and fragmented. The narrowly defined thematic focus, once determined by a legislative act, limits the flexibility to adapt to new needs. Parallel implementation of numerous thematic programmes and the country programme poses managerial challenges and leads to loss of efficiency[xvi]. By nature, action in non-Community countries funded under thematic programmes creates problems of coherence with country and regional strategies[xvii]. Thematic action needs to be consistent with the country analysis and should respond or relate to country strategies[xviii]. Consequently, it should also be part of the complementarity assessment made in the context of country strategies. The substance of thematic programmes should be integrated into the policy dialogue with partner governments[xix].

The EC’s priorities for action on HIV, malaria and tuberculosis take into account those which apply internationally. More specifically, the new European policy framework to confront the three diseases was based on two progress reports on the previous Programme for Action, finalised in 2003 and 2004 respectively. The 2004 progress report and the evidence gathered from stakeholders to prepare it illustrate that EC action led to a reduction of up to 98% in the price of some key pharmaceutical products in developing countries and that policy coherence has been increased through common action on research and development[xx] and trade regulations which contributed to making medicines available and affordable[xxi]. Synergy and policy coherence at EC level have been enhanced, in particular, by agreed, concrete and concerted action on capacity building and clinical research capacity and by access to medical care coverage for populations during clinical trials and the financial support currently provided to EDCTP clinical trial sites and the populations concerned by these trials from the research budget and the poverty diseases budget line (21.020702). The active role played by the EC in terms of providing leadership, coordinating positions and mobilising resources among the EU Member States and other donors is a key achievement, including a strong European voice in the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria and in international forums on key issues such as trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights. The report has shown that the main outstanding challenges include how to increase the prioritisation of, and resources to, health and social services in non-EU countries; how to boost ailing health infrastructure and overburdened human capacities (especially in the context of the current brain drain); how to support regulatory capacity in developing countries; how to make key pharmaceutical products more affordable and improve access to pharmaceutical products in general; how to develop new tools to confront the three diseases; and how to continue coordination with partners in developing countries, civil society and the private sector. New challenges include how to maintain coherence and harmony in an increasingly complex and divergent global institutional set-up[xxii] and how to respond to the evolving epidemiology, geography and demography of the diseases in the context of an enlarged EU.

An independent external evaluation of all the EC’s external cooperation in population- and development-oriented programmes was recently completed[xxiii]. It concluded that the EC’s overall approach to population is consistent with the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo, 1994) and the activities of other donors and that EC support has made a substantial contribution to achievement of the ICPD goals relating to reproductive health and family planning[xxiv], with “a strong emphasis on providing tangible benefits to the poor”. The recommendations called for broadening the population beyond sexual and reproductive health and for steps to be taken to ensure that gains made from budget-line projects are not lost in sector-wide approaches.

On education , annual and mid-term reviews of the 9th EDF have repeatedly indicated problems with data integrity and the statistical and monitoring capacities of partner countries. Availability, timeliness and reliability of data vary considerably due to weak retrieval methods and poor understanding of the basic concepts of indicators, target-setting and performance monitoring. Furthermore, indicators to measure quality of education and learning achievement remain particularly scanty. The two major evaluation studies in which the EC has been involved[xxv] both underline the difficulty of achieving gender parity in school education, on the one hand, and of reaching out-of-school children, i.e. vulnerable and marginalised groups, on the other. These tend to receive less attention in programme planning and implementation. The studies recommend specific measures combined with the development of comprehensive and practical strategies to target the special groups and girls, pointing out that specific indicators to monitor the impact on such groups need to be included in education programmes. The two studies also refer to the bottlenecks in providing primary school leavers with study opportunities in post-primary (secondary and technical) education. Primary school achievement is seen as failing to equip children for the world of work. As regards tertiary education, the EC has almost twenty years of experience in promoting cooperation between higher education institutions in the EU in order to contribute to improving the quality of education and bringing a European dimension to education. This model - inter-university cooperation through curriculum projects, joint courses, networking and, particularly, student and staff mobility - has proved very successful even beyond the EU[xxvi]. It has contributed to enriching individual students' learning, exchanging experience, creating new academic approaches, sharing European values, etc. ‘Bottom up’ activities are complementary and useful if coupled with in depth Higher Education sector system upgrading and equity as addressed by several EC bilateral programmes (the latter being essential to avoid ‘brain drain’). The capitalisation and dissemination of good practices coupling both bottom up and systemic upgrading points to a way forward in improving Higher Education systems.

One of the lessons learnt in the education Fast Track Initiative is that mobilisation of funding at country level, which is the main vehicle for the FTI, can take a long time due to few donors being present at country level or to slow donor procedures and financing cycles. One answer to make aid more effective and speed up disbursement was the establishment of a global level fund (the FTI Catalytic Fund) which can disburse quickly in response to partner countries' sector plans.

Culture has featured very little in development work until now, but there is growing recognition that cultural and inter-cultural factors influence development considerably and need to be addressed. While putting emphasis on the need to foster dialogue between cultures and peoples, recent international debates led to the recognition of the need to address the issue of cultural diversity throughout the world but in particular in developing countries, notably through international cooperation, both as a political imperative - as cultural diversity is a common good of the humankind - and a factor of development, growth and stability. This consensus was concretised in particular through the recent adoption of the Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions in UNESCO last October.

Furthermore, the cultural sector, and notably cultural industries, can play an important part in the development of countries, in terms of employment and growth, as it is largely based on intangible assets (i.e. intellectual property rights), whose value and tradability spread over a large period of time. As the UNDP Human Development Report 2004 highlights it, there is a “ vast potential of building a more peaceful, prosperous world by bringing issues of culture to the mainstream of development thinking and practice ”.

Gender equality and women's empowerment is key for the achievement of development and peace. Both the 2005 UN Summit and the 49th Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) reconfirmed the complementarity and inter-dependence between the full and effective implementation of the BPfA and the achievement of all internationally agreed development goals. The lessons learnt, experience and stakeholder contributions reconfirm the importance and the effectiveness of implementing a dual approach of gender mainstreaming and specific measures to promote equality between women and men. Gender mainstreaming should be reinforced in all actions and policies. However, gender mainstreaming alone is not enough and has to be complemented with specific actions.

Lessons learnt concerning children also point to the need to devise strategic action which goes beyond mainstreaming. Some stakeholders underline the need for a strategic focus on children. Up until now the EC’s thematic action for children (besides basic education and support to immunisation) has focused on child labour (ILO partnership) and trafficking, taking into account available resources. However, the specific approach concerning children must also be seen in the broader context of the inter-generational and life-cycle approach. Child poverty and lack of opportunities for youth are also related to poverty and lack of opportunities for the family, the group and the community at large. Child labour should also be seen in the wider context of application of the core labour standards and the lack of decent work opportunities for youth and parents. Over 80% of the population in developing countries have no social protection cover and over 90% of the job entrants in, for instance, sub-Saharan Africa are employed in the informal sector.

Employment and social cohesion issues are getting increasing attention in the international debate. The 2005 UN Summit has highlighted that full and productive employment and decent work for all is a central objective for efforts to achieve the MDG. The EU is playing a key role on strengthening the social dimension of globalisation including global trade effects, in the follow up to the Copenhagen Summit on Social Development and on the promotion of decent work. Recent experience also shows growing interest outside the EU in the EU’s economic and social approach. The ILO global employment agenda, for instance, is influenced by the approaches and working methods used in the European Employment Strategy. The EU approach on social cohesion has been catching the attention of several regions and at global level, including in the follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen +10) and the UN ECOSOC. The relevance of the EU’s experience to promoting social development across the world is acknowledged both inside and outside the EU[xxvii]. The EC is also taking part in the ongoing UN debate on a Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities, taking into account the EC Directives on the prohibition of discrimination in employment[xxviii].

The EC has made a significant contribution to the work of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation in different ways, such as by organising and funding a high-level event bringing together the European Commission, EU stakeholders and the World Commission and by contributing to the follow-up to the 2004 report by the World Commission[xxix]. Promotion of decent work is part of the overall cooperation agreement signed between the European Commission and the ILO on 14 May 2001[xxx]. In this context various global and multi-country initiatives on promoting decent work have been supported and co-funded by the Commission, such as measures on socially responsible restructuring, CSR, indigenous people, dissemination of information on freedom of association and collective bargaining and on health and safety at work, pilot projects on decent work indicators and the impact of trade liberalisation and the preparation and finalisation of the consolidated maritime labour convention. In July 2004 the Commission and the ILO also formed a partnership in the field of development that is implemented under the overall cooperation agreement of 2001. The Commission and the ILO are cooperating on application of core labour standards in relation to the EU Generalised System of Preferences, taking into account the specific mandate of the ILO.

ANNEX 3

Guiding principles for thematic action

Thematic action within this programme is based on the following guiding principles for implementation in order to ensure consistency with the policy framework for external action and development. These principles will be further developed in a thematic strategy paper:

5. Action will support joint work with Member States and other financing mechanisms, including global and trust funds or facilities aimed at fostering and monitoring performance related to MDG and other relevant international commitments, targeted measures or specific calls for proposals and other means in compliance with the Financial Regulation.

6. Action should aim at knowledge generation, innovation, transnational learning and capacity building through pilot projects, studies, conferences, networks, exchanges of experience and good practice to the extent that such measures cannot be implemented through country programmes.

7. Cross-cutting issues, in particular concerning gender equality, children and youth, will be addressed in all action and also be addressed specifically as themes in their own right.

8. Action should, as far as possible, take account of imbalances and needs of disadvantaged groups, including ethnic minorities and indigenous people and people with disabilities, in accordance with the differing needs between more dynamic and evolving countries, regions within countries (e.g. in middle income countries) and least developed countries.

9. Performance criteria and benchmarks will be developed for grant recipients. All data and information used for or gathered through this programme should be broken down, whenever possible, by gender, age and income.

10. Cross-regional dialogue with stakeholders should be strengthened and effective partnerships should be maintained and developed with civil society, social partners, key organisations and global initiatives and funding mechanisms.

11. ANNEX 4

Matrix of possible forms of action

The table below summarises the themes and linkages addressed by the thematic programme on Investing in people by juxtaposing the priority themes with the key dimensions of added value (international commitments, global voice, subsidiary country action) and selected cross-cutting dimensions.It is meant to show some key linkages as examples. Abbreviations are explained in annex 5.

International obligations | Global voice | Subsidiary action | Gender equality | Children/youth | Culture |

Health and well-being | ICPD, MDGs 4, 5 and 6 UNGASS 2001 on HIV/AIDS EU policy framework for confronting HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB through external action | SRHR, poverty diseases, human resources | Human resources, health information and monitoring, health financing, RH commodities supply | SRHR, poverty diseases, data broken down by gender | SRHR, vaccination, disease prevention, education, data broken down by age | Stigma, discrimination |

Knowledge and skills | MDGs 2 and 3 EFA FTI | EFA framework | FTI, best practice and local success stories, transnational learning, marginalised children, post-primary bottleneck, tertiary education, statistics | Equal opportunities, data broken down by gender, safe schools | Basic education | Tolerance, values, rights Child labour rescue strategies |

Employment and social cohesion | ILO Conventions and action plans adopted by the International Labour Conference World Summit for Social Development September 2005 UN Summit MDG 8 on employment and decent work for youth, MDGs 1 and 6 | Social dimension of globalisation, decent work agenda | Innovative initiatives, exchange and dissemination of good practices, identification of success stories, workshops, analysis and indicators, assessment of global trade impact on social and labour conditions, cooperation with ILO | Equal economic opportunities, social protection | Social protection, vocational training, youth employment network | Education, rights, values, children’s rights |

Gender equality | MDGs 3 and 5 Beijing PFA ILO Conventions | Beijing PFA | Data broken down by gender, women’s networks, participation | Equal access to health, education, social protection, etc. FGM, trafficking, violence | Education, values, rights, governance structures, FGM |

Children | MDGs 2 and 4, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, ILO conventions on child labour | Children’s rights and participation, SRHR | Data broken down by age, participation, mapping, trafficking, child labour, sexual violence, SRHR | Data broken down by gender, equal access, FGM, forced marriage | Place of children in society |

Culture | UNESCO Conventions on cultural heritage/diversity | Inter-cultural dialogue | Research, workshops, twinning, voluntary youth service | Status of women | Status of children, youth volunteers |

ANNEX 5

List of abbreviations

AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AMANET: African Malaria Network Trust

CRC: Convention on the Rights of the Child

CSP: Country Strategy Paper

CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility

EFA: Education For All

EFA-FTI: Education For All Fast Track Initiative

GAVI: Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation

HDIC: Health and Development Innovative Consortium

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IAVI: International Aids Vaccine Initiative

ICPD: International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo, 1994)

ICT: Information and Communication Technology

ILO: International Labour Organisation

IPPF: International Planned Parenthood Federation

MDG: Millennium Development Goals

PRSP: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

SRHR: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

TB: Tuberculosis

UN: United Nations

UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund

VET: Vocational Education and Training

WB: World Bank

WHO: World Health Organisation

WTO: World Trade Organisation

[i] For the precise wording applicable to this and other thematic programmes see the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament “External Actions through Thematic Programmes under the Future Financial Perspectives 2007–2013” [COM(2005) 324 final of 3 August 2005].

[ii] In its broad sense, human and social development is a generic concept relevant to all countries and groups. See also the World Summit for Social Development and the UN ECOSOC:http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/agreements/index.html,http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/csd/index.html

[iii] Joint Statement by the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on European Union Development Policy: “The European Consensus”, 22 November 2005.

[iv] See Annex 2 for further details on the lessons learnt. Cf. also: Thematic Evaluation of Population- and Development-oriented Programmes in EC External Cooperation - 03/2004; Joint Evaluation of External Support to Basic Education in Developing Countries - 09/2003; Evaluation of the integration of gender in EC development cooperation with third countries - 03/2003; Evaluation of the EC cooperation with ACP/ALA/MED countries in the health sector - 07/2002; Evaluation of EC Support to the Education Sector in ACP countries - 05/2002.

[v] Besides regular consultations in the various policy areas, a meeting with stakeholders and a written consultation were held in July and August 2005, including NGOs, EU Member States, the UN and other international organisations.

[vi] Regulation (EC) 1568/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on aid to fight poverty diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria) in developing countries (351 MEUR were spent on this budget line between 2003-2006). Regulation (EC) N 1567/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on aid for policies and actions on reproductive and sexual health and rights in developing countries (73.95 MEUR were spent on this budget line between 2003-2006). Regulation (EC) No 806/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on promoting gender equality in development cooperation. (9 MEUR were spent on this budget line between 2003 and 2006).

[vii] See Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament “External Actions through Thematic Programmes under the Future Financial Perspectives 2007–2013” [COM(2005) 324 final of 3 August 2005].

[viii] Mainly the EC Communication “Education and training in the context of poverty reduction in developing countries”; the Communication on "Health and Poverty"; the Programme for action to confront HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis through external action; the Communication on the social dimension of globalisation – the EU’s policy contribution on extending benefits to all; and the European social agenda. See Annex 1 for the full list.

[ix] European social agenda 2005-2010, COM(2005) 33 final; Communication of 18 July 2001 on promoting core labour standards and improving social governance in the context of globalisation, COM(2001) 416 final; Communication of 18 May 2004 on the social dimension of globalisation, COM(2004) 383 final; Communication of 15 June 2005 on the EU contribution for the September 2005 UN Summit; renewed overall cooperation agreement between the European Commission and the ILO of 14 May 2001; cooperation between the EU and Latin America on social cohesion and agreements with an increasing number of countries, including cooperation on employment and social policy.

[x] European Consensus, chapter 4.4, op.cit. Gender equality from a human rights angle will be a focus of the thematic programme on human rights proposed by the Commission.

[xi] Cf. programming principles in annex 3.

[xii] The full text of the CRC and its Optional Protocols is available at: http://www.unicef.org/crc/crc.htm.

[xiii] Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/whatare/fundam/childpri.htm.

[xiv] Available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/trafficking_protocol.html.

[xv] Available at: http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/wffc/index.html.

[xvi] Example: “About fifty budget lines, of which around thirty that function and are regulated differently, were mobilised to finance almost 400 identified projects”. Evaluation of the EC Country Strategy for Honduras, February 2004.

[xvii] Breakdown of the legal bases: excluding the European initiative for democracy and human rights, these various thematic regulations concern crisis situations (refugees and humanitarian aid) or post-crisis situations (rehabilitation) in which action in favour of human rights makes up one component of the aid. However, although this falls exactly within the objective of mainstreaming, it is particularly difficult under these circumstances precisely to identify which projects – and which budgets – are implemented in favour of human rights.

[xviii] Example: “Secure further coherence between all the EC instruments and budget lines deployed in Bangladesh. …develop procedures to ensure that…deployment of the budget lines concerned is coherent with the Country Strategy, and pursues country specific objectives.” Recommendation 5 of the Evaluation of the EC Country Strategy for Bangladesh, November 2003.

[xix] Cf. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament “External Actions through Thematic Programmes under the Future Financial Perspectives 2007–2013” [COM(2005) 324 final of 3 August 2005].

[xx] E.g. establishment of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, which focuses on clinical trials for the development of new action against the three diseases.

[xxi] Council Regulation 953/2003 to avoid trade diversion into the European Union of certain key medicines.

[xxii] Cf. Key evidence from major studies of selected Global Health Partnerships - A background paper for a meeting of the High-Level Forum on the Health MDGs’ Working Group on Global Health Initiatives and Partnerships, 25-26 April 2005. Author: Karen Caines ; Best Practice Principles for Global Health Partnership Activities at Country Level. Report of the Working Group on Global Health Partnerships, High-Level Forum on the Health MDGs, 25-26 April 2005; L. Delcour and C. Vellutini: Study on the Added Value of Global Partnerships and Global Funds to Development Cooperation , April 2005. Cf. also the GFATM evaluation library: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/links_resources/library/position_papers/.

[xxiii] Thematic evaluation of population- and development-oriented programmes in EC external cooperation. PARTICIP, CIDEAL, ECDPM, IDC, SEPIA. March 2004.

[xxiv] ICPD Programme of Action, chapter 7.

[xxv] Evaluation of EC support to the education sector in ACP countries (2002).

Joint evaluation of external support to basic education in developing countries (2003).

[xxvi] Examples include the Asia-link programme, TEMPUS programme, ERASMUS mundus windows for several developing countries and experience from specific bilateral higher education projects in different countries.

[xxvii] http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/international_cooperation/seminar13jan05_en.htm.

[xxviii] http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/international_cooperation/un_disability_en.htm.

[xxix] http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wcsdg/consulta/brussels/index.htm.

[xxx] http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/international_cooperation/ilo_front_en.htm.