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| EVROPSKA KOMISIJA | EUROPEAN COMMISSION |
| Bruselj, 13.10.2022 | Brussels, 13.10.2022 |
| COM(2022) 518 final | COM(2022) 518 final |
| SPOROČILO KOMISIJE EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, SVETU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ | COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS |
| Izvrševanje prava EU za Evropo, ki prinaša rezultate | Enforcing EU law for a Europe that delivers |
| Izvrševanje prava EU za Evropo, ki prinaša rezultateIzvrševanje prava EU za Evropo, ki prinaša rezultate | Enforcing EU law for a Europe that deliversEnforcing EU law for a Europe that delivers |
| I.UVOD | I.INTRODUCTION |
| Evropska unija je pravna skupnost, vzpostavljena na skupnih vrednotah držav članic. Njene temelje tvorijo med drugim uporaba in izvrševanje prava EU ter spoštovanje načela pravne države. Pravo je najboljše sredstvo, s katerim EU koristi ljudem, podjetjem in okolju. Načelo primarnosti prava EU temelji na načelu enakosti pred Pogodbama. Vsakomur v EU zagotavlja enake pravice, kar pomeni, da bi morala biti pomen in uporaba vseh določb prava EU v vseh državah članicah enaka. Pravo je podlaga, na kateri lahko EU najbolje izkoristi notranji trg, spodbuja naš prehod k bolj zeleni in digitalni Evropi ter ščiti in širi naše vrednote, učinkovito pravosodno sodelovanje in varnost naše Unije. Zato je sistem, ki temelji na pravilih, bistven za vizijo EU v Evropi in po svetu ter je predpogoj za pravičnost, demokracijo in spoštovanje temeljnih pravic. Komisija se je zavezala, da bo okrepila svoja prizadevanja za spodbujanje in spoštovanje človekovih pravic, temeljnih svoboščin in načela pravne države. S povezovanjem dela na ključnih področjih, kot so letno poročilo o stanju pravne države 1 , akcijski načrt za evropsko demokracijo 2 in nova strategija za okrepitev uporabe Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah 3 , se znatno krepijo prizadevanja za utrditev pravnih in demokratičnih temeljev EU. | The European Union is a community of law, based on common values shared by Member States. Applying and enforcing EU law, and respect for the rule of law are at its very foundation. The law is the EU’s best asset in delivering the benefits of the EU for people, businesses, and our environment. The principle of primacy of EU law is grounded in the principle of equality before the Treaties. It ensures equal rights for all across the EU, meaning that all provisions of EU law should have the same meaning and are to be applied in the same way in all Member States. The law is the basis on which the EU can make the most of the internal market, drive our transition to a greener and more digital Europe, and protect and promote our values, effective judicial cooperation, and the security of our Union. This is why the rules-based system is central to the EU’s vision, in Europe and worldwide, a prerequisite for fairness, democracy and the respect for fundamental rights. The Commission is committed to stepping up its work to promote and uphold people’s rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law. Key work streams such as the annual Rule of Law reports 1 , the European democracy action plan 2 and the renewed strategy for the implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU 3 (‘the Charter’) combine in a major intensification of work to strengthen the EU's legal and democratic foundations. |
| Osrednjega pomena za ta cilj je izvrševanje prava EU. To je eno od osrednjih poslanstev Komisije, saj ji je v skladu s Pogodbama EU, ki so ju podpisale države članice, zaupana vloga „varuhinje Pogodb“ 4 , splošneje pa tudi prava EU. Zaradi te krovne vloge ima Komisija osrednjo odgovornost za izvrševanje. Opravlja jo predvsem s sodelovanjem z državami članicami ter spremljanjem njihovega izvajanja in uporabe prava EU. V tem sporočilu je podrobneje opisano, kako Komisija izpolnjuje to nalogo pri razvoju zakonodaje EU, njenem prenosu v nacionalno zakonodajo ter izvajanju in uporabi v praksi. Podobno kot se Komisija osredotoča na zaščito načela pravne države s preprečevanjem nastanka težav, je za izvrševanje prava EU najbolje poskrbeti, da do kršitev sploh ne prihaja. Vsakodnevno sodelovanje med Komisijo in državami članicami je bistveno za zagotovitev zgodnje skladnosti. Vendar so za obravnavanje kršitev prava EU pogosto potrebni postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev, vključno z možnostjo, da se proti državam članicam začne postopek pred Sodiščem Evropske unije (v nadaljnjem besedilu: Sodišče). | Enforcing EU law is central to this goal. This is one of the Commission’s core missions, with the EU Treaties, which Member States have signed up to, entrusting the Commission with the role of ‘Guardian of the Treaties’ 4 , and of EU law more broadly. This overarching role gives the Commission central responsibility for enforcement. A key way in which it discharges this role is by working with Member States, as well as monitoring their implementation and application of EU law. This Communication sets out in more detail how the Commission fulfils this task as EU legislation is developed, transposed into national law, implemented, and applied in practice. In the same way as the Commission focuses on protecting the rule of law by preventing problems from emerging, the best way to enforce EU law is to prevent breaches from happening in the first place. Day-to-day cooperation between the Commission and the Member States is essential to ensure early compliance. But ultimately, infringement procedures, including the possibility to refer Member States to the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘the Court of Justice’), are often needed to address breaches of EU law. |
| Z učinkovitim izvrševanjem se zagotovi, da ljudje in podjetja v EU čim prej uživajo prednosti skupno dogovorjenih pravil in se lahko zanesejo na to, da se njihove temeljne pravice spoštujejo vedno in povsod, kjer koli v EU živijo ali delajo. Zato Komisija, da bi zagotovila pravilno izvajanje in uporabo prava EU že od samega začetka, države članice podpira že v zgodnji fazi postopka vključevanja pravil EU v njihov pravni red. To tudi pojasnjuje, zakaj zgolj število postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev ni nujno dobro merilo prizadevanj Komisije za izvrševanje, katerih namen je preprečiti, da bi do kršitev sploh prišlo, v primeru pojava kršitev pa poskrbeti, da se čim prej odpravijo. | Effective enforcement ensures that people and businesses in the EU enjoy the benefits of commonly agreed rules as soon as possible and can count on their fundamental rights being respected at all times wherever they live or work in the EU. This is why the Commission supports Member States early in the process of integrating EU rules into their legal order, to ensure EU law is correctly implemented and applied from the outset. This also explains why the figures of infringement procedures alone are not necessarily a good measure of the Commission’s enforcement efforts, which seek to avoid breaches from materialising and, if they occur, to bring these to an end as quickly as possible. |
| Ključno vlogo pri učinkoviti uporabi prava EU imajo poleg Komisije in nacionalnih vlad tudi drugi akterji. Nekateri, na primer nacionalna sodišča, nacionalni organi za konkurenco ter regulativni in zakonsko določeni organi, kot so organi za varstvo potrošnikov ali neodvisni nadzorni organi za varstvo podatkov, imajo formalno vlogo. Na morebitne kršitve in potrebo po njihovi obravnavi pa opozarjajo tudi civilna družba in posamezniki. | In addition to the Commission and national governments, other actors also play a key role in applying EU law effectively. Some have a formal role, such as national courts, national competition and regulatory authorities or statutory authorities like consumer or independent data protection supervisory authorities. Civil society and individuals also help to draw attention to possible breaches and the need for them to be addressed. |
| Komisija v tem sporočilu predstavlja, kako je poglobila in razvila svoje delo na področju izvrševanja, da bi v vseh državah članicah zagotovila enako spoštovanje prava EU, ter z delom v zvezi z izvajanjem in izvrševanjem ljudem v EU zagotovila čim večje konkretne koristi v njihovem vsakdanjem življenju 5 . | This Communication sets out how the Commission has deepened and developed its work on enforcement in order to ensure that EU law is upheld equally in all Member States and to maximise the concrete benefits that its implementation and enforcement work delivers in the everyday lives of people in the EU 5 . |
| II.IZKORIŠČANJE PREDNOSTI PRAVA EU | II.HARNESSING THE BENEFITS OF EU LAW |
| Ljudje in podjetja računajo na to, da se bodo skupno dogovorjena pravila EU hitro in pravilno izvajala oziroma da bodo hitro in pravilno prenesena v nacionalno pravo ter da jih bodo države članice v celoti uporabljale. Uveljavljanje pravil EU je bistveno za izvajanje politik EU in je neločljivo povezano s tem, kako se oblikujejo. Zakonodaja EU gre skozi natančen postopek ocenjevanja obstoječe nacionalne zakonodaje in zakonodaje EU, posvetovanja z javnostjo ter ocenjevanja okoljskih, socialnih in gospodarskih učinkov 6 . Sprejme se po vključujočem in preglednem zakonodajnem postopku, v katerem sodelujeta Evropski parlament in Svet, da politiki in oblikovalci politik izrazijo svoje mnenje o tem, kako se bo obravnavana zakonodaja izvajala v praksi. Da bi sprejeti akti dosegli načrtovani učinek, se morajo v vseh državah članicah uporabljati popolno, pravilno, enakopravno in pravočasno. | People and businesses count on the EU’s commonly agreed rules to be swiftly and correctly implemented or transposed into national law, and fully applied by Member States. The enforcement of EU rules is essential for the delivery of the EU’s policies and inextricably linked to policy making. EU legislation goes through a scrupulous process of evaluating existing national and EU legislation, consulting the public and assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts 6 . Its adoption is the result of an inclusive and transparent legislative process involving the European Parliament and the Council, so that politicians and policymakers have had their say on how laws under discussion will be implemented in practice. If the acts adopted are to deliver the impact intended, they need to be applied in all Member States in a way which is complete, correct, equal and timely. |
| Omogočanje ljudem, da delajo in poslujejo kjer koli v EU | Pravila EU o priznavanju poklicnih kvalifikacij strokovnjakom lajšajo opravljanje storitev po EU, hkrati pa zagotavljajo boljše varstvo potrošnikov. Vendar so države članice ta pravila izvajale nedosledno, pri čemer so bili postopki za delavce in samozaposlene v nekaterih državah članicah težavnejši kot v drugih. Zaradi postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev so države članice svojo zakonodajo spremenile in zagotovile, da imajo državljani in podjetja koristi od teh pravil. Poleg tega so države članice po sodelovanju v projektni skupini za uveljavljanje pravil enotnega trga s seznama poklicev, za katere je bilo potrebno predhodno preverjanje, črtale 217 poklicev in tako delavcem olajšale opravljanje storitev v teh državah članicah. | Ljudje lažje učinkovito uveljavljajo pravico do prostega gibanja tudi zaradi izboljšanega usklajevanja nacionalnih sistemov socialne varnosti držav članic. Za zaščito prostega gibanja delavcev in koordinacijo sistemov socialne varnosti je Komisija proti dvema državama članicama začela postopke zaradi dodeljevanja nižjih zneskov družinskih prejemkov državljanom EU, ki delajo v teh državah, kadar njihovi otroci živijo v državi članici, v kateri se življenjski stroški štejejo za nižje. V enem od teh primerov je Sodišče že potrdilo stališče Komisije, saj je razsodilo, da je prilagajanje družinskih prejemkov glede na državo, v kateri prebivajo otroci upravičenca, nezakonito. | Mehanizem sodelovanja SOLVIT za reševanje čezmejnih težav omogoča zgodnejše ugotavljanje morebitnih kršitev prava EU in lahko zagotovi takojšnje pravno varstvo prizadetim podjetjem ali posameznikom. Odpravlja praktične težave in ovire, s katerimi se ljudje srečujejo pri delu, življenju ali poslovanju v drugih državah članicah 7 . Nacionalni organi, ki sestavljajo mrežo SOLVIT, medsebojno sodelujejo pri uporabi pravil EU ter obsežno izkoriščajo pomoč in strokovno znanje, ki ju nudi Komisija 8 . Nacionalni centri SOLVIT ne poiščejo le rešitev za številne posamezne primere, temveč tudi pomagajo pri prepoznavanju in reševanju strukturnih težav, povezanih z uporabo prava EU 9 . | Allowing people to work and carry out business anywhere in the EU | EU rules on the recognition of professional qualifications make it easier for professionals to provide services around the EU, while guaranteeing improved protection for consumers. However, Member States had implemented these rules inconsistently, with more burdensome procedures for workers and self-employed persons in some Member States than in others. As a result of infringement procedures, Member States amended their legislation, making sure citizens and businesses benefit from the advantages of those rules. In addition, after cooperation in the Single Market Enforcement Taskforce, Member States removed 217 professions from the list of professions for which a prior check was required, making it easier for workers to provide services in these Member States. | Improved coordination of national social security systems of the Member States also helps people to effectively exercise their right to free movement. To protect the free movement of workers and coordination of social security systems, the Commission launched procedures against two Member States for granting lower amounts of family benefits to EU nationals working there, when their children live in a Member State where the cost of living is considered to be lower. In one of those cases, the Commission’s position has already been confirmed by the Court of Justice, which ruled that the adjustment of family benefits according to the state of residence of the beneficiary children is illegal. | The SOLVIT cooperation mechanism for resolving cross-border problems allows for possible breaches of EU law to be identified earlier and can provide immediate redress for the businesses or individuals affected. It addresses practical problems and barriers that people encounter when working, living or doing business in other Member States 7 . The national authorities which make up the SOLVIT network work together in applying EU rules and make extensive use of the help and the expertise provided by the Commission 8 . National SOLVIT centres not only find solutions for numerous individual situations, but also help to identify and address structural problems related to the application of EU law 9 . |
| Neskladnost ima posledice. Med temi je lahko poznejše ali manj obsežno varstvo temeljnih pravic, kar ogroža na primer pravice do enake obravnave in prostega gibanja. Lahko se nadaljuje obremenjevanje državljanov in podjetij, lahko se nadaljuje okoljska škoda ali pa se oslabi ali odloži varstvo potrošnikov, delavcev ali prosilcev za azil. Posledice še zlasti čutijo ljudje, ki delajo ali potujejo prek meja ali prečkajo meje za druge namene 10 , saj se morajo prilagajati različnim pravilom, odvisno od tega, kako se uporablja pravo EU. Napačna uporaba pravil EU tudi izkrivlja konkurenco na enotnem trgu, saj ogroža enake konkurenčne pogoje za podjetja po vsej EU. | Non-compliance comes at a cost. It can mean that protection of fundamental rights is delayed or narrower in scope, undermining rights such as equal treatment and free movement. It can perpetuate burdens on the public and businesses. It can mean that environmental damage lasts. It can mean that consumer or worker protection, or the protection of asylum seekers, is weakened or delayed. There is a particular impact on people working or travelling across borders, or crossing borders for other purposes 10 , who have to adapt to different rules depending on how EU law is applied. Misapplication of EU rules also distorts competition in the single market, undermining the level playing field for businesses across the EU. |
| Kadar države članice kršijo pravila EU z uvedbo ali dopuščanjem ovir na enotnem trgu, da bi ustvarile prednosti za podjetja, so možne koristi pogosto kratkoročne, trajni učinek na podjetja pa je lahko veliko bolj škodljiv, saj vsem podjetjem močno otežujejo izkoriščanje priložnosti, ki jih ponuja enotni trg 11 . | Where Member States breach EU rules by introducing or tolerating obstacles within the single market to create advantages for businesses, the potential gains are often short-term, while the lasting impact on businesses can be much more damaging, making it far more difficult for all businesses to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the single market 11 . |
| Cena nepravilne ali nepopolne uporabe pravil | Obstoječe ovire na enotnem trgu so v številnih primerih posledica nepravilne ali nepopolne uporabe Pogodb in zakonodaje EU 12 . Mala in srednja ter zagonska podjetja so še posebej prizadeta, saj jih upravna bremena in zapletenost najprej prizadenejo, in sicer zlasti pri prečkanju meja za poslovanje na enotnem trgu. Napačna uporaba pravil ovira tudi ekonomijo obsega, ki jo ponuja enotni trg, kar škoduje interesom potrošnikov. Nedosledna pravila škodujejo zlasti čezmejnim regijam 13 . | Odločno izvrševanje pravil o konkurenci je bistveno za to, da lahko podjetja in potrošniki izkoristijo prednosti enotnega trga. Če se ta pravila ne uporabljajo pravilno, podjetjem niso zagotovljeni enaki konkurenčni pogoji, kar lahko pomeni višje cene in manj izbire za potrošnike. | Izvajanje okoljske politike in zakonodaje EU ni nujno samo za zdravo okolje, temveč odpira tudi nove priložnosti za gospodarsko rast, delovna mesta in konkurenčnost. Če bi se okoljska zakonodaja EU v celoti izvajala, bi lahko tudi gospodarstvo EU prihranilo okrog 55 milijard evrov na leto pri stroških zdravljenja in neposrednih stroških za okolje 14 . | Koristi hitrega izvajanja novih davčnih pravil EU | Nova pravila o davku na dodano vrednost (DDV) za e-trgovanje so začela veljati leta 2021 v okviru prizadevanj za zagotovitev bolj enakih konkurenčnih pogojev in poenostavitev pravil o DDV. Spletni prodajalci se lahko zdaj registrirajo na elektronskem portalu (sistem „vse na enem mestu“), prek katerega poskrbijo za vse svoje obveznosti v zvezi z DDV za prodajo po vsej EU. V zvezi z novimi pravili je Komisija državam članicam in prizadetim deležnikom zagotovila podporo in smernice. Tako je pripomogla k tekoči uvedbi novih pravil o DDV za e-trgovanje in pobiranju prihodkov od DDV v višini 8,8 milijarde EUR prek novega portala, pri čemer so novi prihodki od DDV znašali 700 milijonov EUR 15 . Pripomogla pa je tudi k temu, da se je prek te elektronske platforme registriralo 100 000 spletnih prodajalcev. | Costs of applying rules incorrectly or incompletely | Existing barriers within the single market are in many cases due to the incorrect or incomplete application of EU Treaties and legislation 12 . SMEs and start-ups are particularly affected since they are the first to be impacted by administrative burdens and complexity, especially when crossing borders to conduct business within the single market. Misapplication of rules also hampers the economies of scale offered by the single market, which is detrimental to consumers’ interests. Inconsistent rules harm in particular cross-border regions 13 . | Strong enforcement of competition rules is essential for businesses and consumers to reap the benefits of the single market. Failure to properly apply those rules undermines the level-playing field for businesses, and consequently consumers may be faced with higher prices and less choice. | Implementing EU environmental policy and law is not only essential for a healthy environment, but also opens up new opportunities for economic growth, jobs, and competitiveness. Full implementation of EU environmental legislation could also save the EU economy around EUR 55 billion every year in health costs and direct costs to the environment 14 . | Benefits from a swift implementation of the new EU tax rules | New value-added tax (VAT) rules for e-commerce came into force in 2021 as part of work to ensure a more level playing field and simplify VAT rules. Online sellers can now register on an electronic portal (‘one-stop shop’) and take care of all their VAT obligations for sales across the EU. The Commission provided support and guidance on the new rules both to Member States and affected stakeholders. This helped smooth implementation of the new VAT e-commerce rules and the collection of EUR 8.8 billion in VAT revenues via the new portal, including EUR 700 million in new VAT revenues 15 , and the registration of 100 000 online sellers via the electronic platform. |
| Popolna in dosledna uporaba pravil EU v državah članicah je pomembna tudi za pravno varnost in zaupanje ljudi in podjetij v nacionalne institucije in EU na splošno. To zlasti velja za naše skupne vrednote, temeljne pravice, načelo pravne države, štiri temeljne svoboščine EU in delovanje enotnega trga. Pri prizadevanju za Unijo enakosti je ključno, da se po vsej EU spoštujeta načeli enakosti in nediskriminacije ter da državljani uživajo enako raven varstva pravic ne glede na to, kje v EU živijo. | Full and consistent application of EU rules by Member States is important for legal certainty and the trust placed by people and businesses in national institutions and the EU at large. This is particularly true when it comes to our shared values, fundamental rights, the rule of law, the EU’s four fundamental freedoms, and the functioning of the single market. In striving for a Union of equality, it is key that equality and non-discrimination are respected throughout the EU and that citizens can benefit from the same level of protection of their rights wherever they live in the EU. |
| Zaščita državljanstva EU | Sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje („zlati potni listi“) nekaterih držav članic so v zadnjih letih povzročile veliko zaskrbljenost. Sistematično podeljevanje nacionalnega državljanstva in s tem državljanstva EU v zameno za vnaprej določeno plačilo brez dejanske povezave z državo članico je v nasprotju s pojmom državljanstva EU in načelom lojalnega sodelovanja. Povzroča tudi resna tveganja v zvezi z varnostjo, pranjem denarja, davčnimi utajami in korupcijo. Za podkrepitev stališča, da državljanstvo EU ni naprodaj in da bi bilo treba vse obstoječe sheme državljanstva za vlagatelje nemudoma razveljaviti, je Komisija začela prelomna postopka za ugotavljanje kršitev proti dvema državama članicama in na koncu eno od zadev predložila Sodišču. Poleg tega je bila Komisija v stiku s tretjo državo članico, ki je medtem odpravila svojo shemo državljanstva za vlagatelje. | Zagotavljanje enakosti in nediskriminacije | Spoštovanje človekovega dostojanstva in enakost sta temeljni vrednoti EU, zapisani v členu 2 Pogodbe o Evropski uniji. Ti vrednoti nista zgolj etična standarda, temveč temeljni pravici, določeni v Listini EU o temeljnih pravicah 16 , ter splošni načeli prava EU. Komisija je sprejela ukrepe za zaščito pravic LGBTIQ oseb in na koncu zaradi nacionalne zakonodaje, ki ljudi diskriminira na podlagi spolne usmerjenosti ali spolne identitete, začela postopek pred Sodiščem proti eni državi članici. | Kar zadeva enakost spolov, zlasti na področju socialne varnosti, je Komisija ukrepala proti državi članici zaradi njene pokojninske zakonodaje, ki posredno diskriminira ženske pri izračunu obdobja plačevanja prispevkov, ki ga morajo dopolniti za upravičenost do pokojnine. | Zaščita svobode medijev | Zagotavljanje svobode medijev in govora je temelj odprte, demokratične in trajnostne digitalne družbe. Ponudniki medijskih storitev morajo imeti možnost dostopa do trga pod nediskriminatornimi, sorazmernimi in objektivno utemeljenimi pogoji, da lahko svobodno in neodvisno delujejo povsod v Evropski uniji. Komisija je pred Sodiščem začela postopek proti državi članici zaradi kršitve pravil, ki veljajo na notranjem trgu glede telekomunikacij, in svobode govora, kot je določena v Listini EU o temeljnih pravicah. | Podpora zakonitim migracijam in enaki obravnavi državljanov tretjih držav | Privabljanje talentov iz tretjih držav hkrati bogati našo družbo in koristi našim gospodarstvom. S pravili EU so določeni skupni pogoji za vstop in prebivanje določenih kategorij državljanov tretjih držav ter na več področjih enaka obravnava kot pri državljanih EU. Komisija je ukrepala proti več državam članicam zaradi uvedbe neupravičenih ovir za državljane tretjih držav pri dostopu do zaposlitve in opravljanju samostojnih dejavnosti. Začela je tudi postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev zaradi prevelikih bremen pri obdelavi dovoljenj EU 17 . Posledično je več držav članic spremenilo svojo nacionalno zakonodajo, da so jo uskladile s pravom EU, tako da sta zdaj za kvalificirane državljane tretjih držav prebivanje in delo v Evropi lažja in privlačnejša. | Boj proti rasističnemu in ksenofobnemu sovražnemu govoru ter kaznivim dejanjem iz sovraštva | Sovražni govor in kazniva dejanja iz sovraštva ne škodujejo le prizadetim posameznikom in družbi na splošno, temveč so napad na bistvene vrednote EU. Za učinkovito izvrševanje je ključno okrepiti izvajanje okvirnega sklepa o boju proti sovražnemu govoru in kaznivim dejanjem iz sovraštva iz leta 2008 18 . Komisija je odločena zagotoviti učinkovito inkriminacijo sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva in ta strategija je privedla do znatnega napredka pri izvajanju v vseh državah članicah. V zvezi s tem je namero, da po potrebi začne postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev, podkrepila še v akcijskem načrtu EU za boj proti rasizmu 19 . Po vrsti postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev, začetih v letih 2020 in 2021, je več držav članic začelo postopke za spremembo svoje zakonodaje ali pa so že sprejele nove zakonodajne spremembe. Na primer ena od držav članic je okrepila inkriminacijo in pregon sovražnega govora in kaznivih dejanj iz sovraštva ter izboljšala zaščito manjšin pred temi kaznivimi dejanji. | Združevanje sil proti terorizmu | Teroristična dejanja so ena najhujših kršitev temeljnih svoboščin, na katerih temelji Unija. Teroristični napadi v državah članicah EU so bili jasno opozorilo, da policija in tožilci potrebujejo boljša orodja za preprečevanje terorističnih kaznivih dejanj in boj proti njim. Direktiva o boju proti terorizmu iz leta 2017 20 je temeljni kamen odziva kazenskega pravosodja držav članic na terorizem in ključni del okvira EU za varnostno unijo. Komisija je začela postopke proti več državam članicam, da bi zagotovila vzpostavitev pravnih pogojev za to, da lahko nacionalni organi sodelujejo in izmenjujejo informacije o terorističnih grožnjah. | Protecting EU citizenship | Investor citizenship (‘golden passport’) schemes in certain Member States have caused great concern in recent years. The systematic granting of nationality, and thereby EU citizenship, in exchange for a pre-determined payment and without a genuine link with a Member State breaches the concept of EU citizenship as well as the principle of sincere cooperation. It also poses serious risks as regards security, money laundering, tax evasion and corruption. To stay firm on the stance that EU citizenship is not for sale and that any existing investor citizenship scheme should be repealed without delay, the Commission opened groundbreaking infringement procedures against two Member States, and ultimately referred one of them to the Court of Justice. In addition, the Commission has been in contact with another Member State, which has in the meantime abolished its investor citizenship scheme. | Upholding equality and non-discrimination | Respect for human dignity and equality are core values of the EU, enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on the European Union. These values are not mere ethical standards, but fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter 16 and general principles of EU law. The Commission took steps to protect the rights of LGBTIQ people, and ultimately referred one Member State to the Court of Justice over national legislation which discriminates against people on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity. | On gender equality, and more specifically in relation to social security, the Commission took steps against a Member State over its pension law, which indirectly discriminates against women in calculating the contribution period required to be entitled to a pension. | Defending media freedom | Guaranteeing media freedom and freedom of speech is the foundation of an open, democratic and sustainable digital society. Media service providers must be able to access the market under non-discriminatory, proportionate and objectively justified conditions, so they can work freely and independently everywhere in the European Union. The Commission referred a Member State to the Court of Justice for breaching internal market telecom rules and violating the freedom of speech as enshrined in the Charter. | Supporting legal migration and equal treatment for third-country nationals | At the same time, attracting talent from third countries is enriching for our society and beneficial to our economies. EU rules provide for common conditions of entry and residence for certain categories of nationals from non-EU countries, and for equal treatment with EU citizens in several areas. The Commission took steps against several Member States for introducing unjustified obstacles for third-country nationals to access jobs and engage in self-employed activities. The Commission also launched infringement procedures for excessive burdens in the processing of EU permits 17 . As a result, several Member States have amended their national legislation to comply with EU law, making it easier and more attractive for skilled third-country nationals to reside and work in Europe. | Combating racist and xenophobic hate speech and hate crime | Hate speech and hate crime not only damage the individuals affected and society at large, but also strike at the heart of EU values. The key to achieve effective enforcement is stepping up the implementation of the 2008 Framework Decision on combating hate speech and hate crime 18 . The Commission is determined to ensure an effective criminalisation of hate speech and hate crime and this strategy has resulted in significant progress in implementation across Member States. In this regard, its intention to proceed with infringement procedures, where necessary, was reconfirmed in its EU action plan against racism 19 . Following a series of infringement cases initiated between 2020 and 2021, several Member States have started procedures to amend their legislation, or have already adopted new legislative changes. For example, the amendments adopted in one Member State strengthen the criminalisation and prosecution of hate speech and hate crime offences and improve protection for minorities from those crimes. | Combining forces against terrorism | Acts of terrorism constitute one of the most serious violations of the fundamental freedoms on which the Union is founded. The terrorist attacks in EU Member States were a stark reminder that police and prosecutors need better tools to prevent and combat terrorist offences. The 2017 Directive on combating terrorism 20 is the cornerstone of the Member States’ criminal justice response to terrorism and a key part of the EU Security Union framework. The Commission initiated proceedings against several Member States to ensure that the legal conditions are in place to enable national authorities to cooperate and exchange information on terrorist threats. |
| III.IZVAJANJE IN UPORABA PRAVA EU: SKUPNA PRIZADEVANJA | III.IMPLEMENTING AND APPLYING EU LAW: A COMBINED EFFORT |
| Komisija spremlja, kako države članice spoštujejo pravo EU, in uporablja različna orodja za spodbujanje in uveljavljanje njegove pravilne uporabe, vključno s postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev. Vendar morajo za učinkovito uporabo in izvrševanje na terenu svojo vlogo odigrati tudi nekateri drugi akterji. Pri izvrševanju gre primarno za sodelovanje z državami članicami, poleg tega pa tudi s specializiranimi organi, kakršni so organi za varstvo potrošnikov ali podatkov, organi za konkurenco, regulativnimi organi, nevladnimi organizacijami, podjetji in javnostjo. Za učinkovito delovanje sistema sta nujna polna zavezanost nacionalnih organov, pristojnih za pravilno uporabo in izvrševanje zakonodaje, ter sodelovanje javnosti, civilne družbe, podjetij in drugih pri odkrivanju morebitnih kršitev. | The Commission oversees the respect of EU law by Member States and it makes use of a variety of tools to promote and enforce its correct application, including infringement proceedings. However, effective application and enforcement on the ground require several other actors to play their part as well. Enforcement is about cooperating and working hand in hand with Member States in the first instance, as well as with specialised authorities like consumer or data protection authorities, competition and regulatory authorities, NGOs, businesses and the public. For the system to function effectively, it relies both on the full commitment of national authorities responsible for the proper application and enforcement of the law, and the involvement of the public, civil society, business and others to identify potential breaches. |
| Nacionalna sodišča imajo pri uporabi prava EU funkcijo sodišč EU in posebno pomembno vlogo v verigi izvrševanja. Kadar so v državah članicah državljanom in podjetjem EU kršene pravice, morajo imeti v skladu z načelom učinkovitega pravnega varstva dostop do hitrega in učinkovitega sodnega varstva 21 . Zato morajo biti sodišča neodvisna, nepristranska in ustanovljena z zakonom. | National courts are EU courts when applying EU law and they have a particularly important role in the enforcement chain. Where rights of EU citizens or businesses are affected within Member States, they must be granted access to rapid and effective national redress, in line with the principle of effective judicial protection 21 . This is why they must be independent, impartial and established by law. |
| Hkrati imajo sodišča v državah članicah pravico, v nekaterih primerih pa celo dolžnost, da Sodišču zastavijo vprašanja, če so v dvomih, kako razlagati ali uporabljati pravo EU. Ta dialog s predložitvijo predloga za sprejetje predhodne odločbe Sodišču je bistven za enotno uporabo prava EU, ki temelji na načelu primarnosti prava EU, in za spoštovanje pravic državljanov 22 . Komisija sistematično uveljavlja svojo pravico do predložitve stališč v vseh postopkih za predhodno odločanje pred Sodiščem 23 . Če Sodišče ugotovi kršitev prava Unije, mora predložitveno sodišče v konkretnem primeru, o katerem odloča, to kršitev odpraviti. | At the same time, the courts in the Member States have the right, and in certain cases even the duty, to ask questions to the Court of Justice if they are unsure how to interpret or apply EU law. This dialogue by means of a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice is essential for the uniform application of EU law, based on the principle of primacy of EU law and for upholding citizens’ rights 22 . The Commission systematically makes use of its right to submit observations in all preliminary questions proceedings before the Court of Justice 23 . If the Court finds a breach of EU law, the referring court has the obligation to remedy that breach in the concrete case before it. |
| Poleg tega ne le spremlja, ali zadevna država članica spoštuje sodbo, temveč tudi zagotavlja, da standard, ki ga je določilo Sodišče, enako uporabljajo tudi vse druge države članice. Povečanje števila predhodnih odločb 24 in intervencij Komisije v teh zadevah sta zato pomembno prispevala k boljšemu izvrševanju prava EU v državah članicah. Poleg tega je Komisija začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev, ki vplivajo na načela avtonomije, primarnosti, učinkovitosti in enotne uporabe prava Unije ter na spoštovanje pristojnosti Sodišča. | In addition, the Commission not only monitors the individual Member State's compliance with the judgment, but also ensures that all other Member States equally apply the standard set by the Court of Justice. The increase in the number of preliminary rulings over time 24 , and the Commission’s interventions in these cases, have therefore made an important contribution to stronger enforcement of EU law in the Member States. Furthermore, the Commission has launched infringement cases for breaches affecting the principles of autonomy, primacy, effectiveness and uniform application of Union law, as well as the respect of the authority of the Court of Justice. |
| Komisija izvaja evropsko strategijo za izobraževanje v pravosodju 25 , da bi zagotovila, da delavci v pravosodju, kot so sodniki, tožilci, odvetniki in drugi poklici, ki sodelujejo pri izvajanju sodne oblasti, poznajo pravo EU in instrumente pravosodnega sodelovanja EU ter so usposobljeni za zagotavljanje spoštovanja načela pravne države ter pravilno in dosledno uporabljanje prava EU v svoji državi. | The Commission implements the European judicial training strategy 25 to ensure that justice professionals like judges, prosecutors, lawyers and other professions involved in the administration of justice know EU law and EU judicial cooperation instruments, and have the right skills to uphold the rule of law and correctly and coherently apply EU law in their country. |
| Spodbujanje izvajanja davčnih pravil EU z interveniranjem v postopkih predhodnega odločanja | Na področju obdavčevanja so predhodne odločbe temeljni način, da Komisija zagotovi pravilno uporabo prava Unije. | V zvezi z neposrednim obdavčenjem se v predhodnih odločbah obravnavajo konkretne čezmejne ovire za prosto gibanje, ki jih povzročajo nacionalni davčni sistemi. Sodišče je na primer v predhodni odločbi razsodilo, da bi morali državljani, ki podarijo denar dobrodelnemu subjektu v drugi državi članici, uživati enako davčno olajšavo, kot če bi denar podarili primerljivemu dobrodelnemu subjektu v svoji državi članici 26 . | Zaradi predhodnih odločb in dialoga, ki je nato potekal med njimi in Komisijo, so države članice spremenile svojo zakonodajo na področju posrednega obdavčenja. Tako je bilo v zvezi z uporabo vozil s tujimi registrskimi tablicami 27 v eni državi članici in v zvezi z omejevalnimi pogoji glede pravil o DDV 28 v drugi. | Advancing the implementation of EU taxation rules via intervention in preliminary rulings | In the area of taxation, preliminary rulings are an essential avenue for the Commission to ensure that EU law is correctly applied. | For direct taxation, preliminary rulings deal with concrete cross-border obstacles to the freedom of movement, caused by national tax systems. For example, the Court of Justice held in a preliminary ruling that citizens giving money to a charity in another Member State should enjoy the same tax relief as when they would be giving money to a comparable charity in their own Member State 26 . | In indirect taxation, preliminary rulings followed by a dialogue between the Commission and Member States have led Member States to amend their legislation. This was the case for one Member State on the use of vehicles with foreign registration plates 27 , and for another Member State with regard to restrictive conditions on VAT rules 28 . |
| Pomembno vlogo imajo tudi nacionalni parlamenti, in sicer s tem, da sodelujejo z nacionalnimi vladami pri sprejemanju zakonov za prenos direktiv EU in izvajanje določenih uredb z nacionalno zakonodajo. Komisija je sprejela strog pristop k neprenosu direktiv in izkorišča ves potencial instrumenta iz člena 260(3) PDEU, ki je bil uveden z Lizbonsko pogodbo: samodejno začenja zadeve in sistematično poziva Sodišče, naj naloži finančne sankcije, kadar države članice direktiv ne prenesejo pravočasno. Ta pristop je zelo uspešen, saj se je število zadev zaradi nesporočanja, ki jih je morala predložiti Sodišču, od začetka veljavnosti Lizbonske pogodbe zmanjšalo za več kot polovico. Kljub temu so postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev, začeti, ker države članice Komisiji niso sporočile ukrepov za prenos do roka, določenega v direktivah EU, še vedno številni. Nacionalni zakonodajalci imajo pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju pravočasnega in popolnega prenosa: države članice morajo pri obveščanju Komisije o ukrepih za prenos jasno in pregledno pojasniti, kako je bila vsaka določba direktive prenesena v nacionalno zakonodajo 29 . | National parliaments also have an important role to play, namely working together with national governments on adopting laws to transpose EU directives and implement certain regulations through national law. The Commission adopted a strict line on the non-transposition of directives, using the full potential of the Article 260(3) TFEU instrument introduced by the Lisbon Treaty: the Commission automatically opens cases and systematically asks the Court to impose financial sanctions when Member States fail to transpose directives on time. This approach has had a significant impact and non-communication cases which the Commission had to refer to the Court of Justice have dropped by more than half since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Nevertheless, the number of infringement cases launched because Member States have not communicated their transposition measures to the Commission by the deadline set in the EU directives still remains high. National legislators have an important role in ensuring that transposition is both timely and complete: when notifying transposition measures to the Commission, Member States need to explain in a clear and transparent manner how each provision of a directive has been transposed 29 . |
| Drugi ključni organi s pomembno vlogo pri izvrševanju prava EU so sektorski regulativni, inšpekcijski in izvršilni organi, nacionalni in regionalni nadzorni organi, tožilci, nacionalni varuhi človekovih pravic ter organi za enakost. Komisija svoje ukrepe za izvrševanje osredotoča na zagotavljanje, da imajo nacionalni organi zadostna sredstva in možnosti za opravljanje svojih nalog, in sicer z obravnavanjem nasprotij interesov, neodvisnosti 30 in kadrovskih kapacitet teh organov. Poleg tega Komisija prizadevanja držav članic za izvajanje podpira tudi s tehnično in finančno podporo ter strokovnim znanjem, na katerih temeljijo strukturne reforme 31 , ter specializiranimi programi usposabljanja 32 . Komisija je na primer nacionalnim nadzornim organom za varstvo podatkov zagotovila nepovratna sredstva, da bi jim pomagala pri njihovem delu izvrševanja splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov 33 . Komisija je proti državam članicam začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev tudi, da bi za navedene organe zagotovila neodvisnost in potrebna pooblastila za sankcioniranje kršitev navedene uredbe. | Other key bodies with an important role to play in enforcing EU law include sectoral regulatory, inspection and enforcement bodies, national and regional supervisory authorities, prosecutors, national ombudspersons and equality bodies. The Commission focuses its enforcement action on ensuring that national authorities are sufficiently equipped and able to carry out their duties by looking at conflicts of interest, independence 30 and staffing of such authorities. The Commission also actively supports Member States’ implementation efforts with technical and financial support and with expertise underpinning structural reforms 31 , as well as specialised training programmes 32 . For instance, the Commission has provided grants to national data protection supervisory authorities to assist in their work of enforcing the General Data Protection Regulation 33 . The Commission also launched infringement procedures against Member States to ensure that these authorities are independent, and equipped with the necessary powers to sanction breaches of that regulation. |
| K temu so prispevale tudi specifične pobude EU s čezmejnimi mehanizmi pravnih sredstev, kot so SOLVIT, evropski postopek v sporih majhne vrednosti in evropsko spletno reševanje sporov. V finančnem sektorju imajo trije evropski nadzorni organi 34 pooblastila za izvajanje pregledov pristojnih nacionalnih organov, pri čemer je namen oceniti konvergenco nacionalnih določb, sprejetih za izvajanje prava Unije. Pooblaščeni so tudi za preiskovanje in ukrepanje, kadar pristojni nacionalni organi ne izpolnjujejo svojih obveznosti na podlagi prava EU. To prispeva k zagotavljanju dosledne in učinkovite uporabe prava EU v finančnem sektorju. | Specific EU initiatives have also helped, with cross-border redress mechanisms such as SOLVIT, the European Small Claims procedure, or the European Online Dispute Resolution. In the financial sector, the three European supervisory authorities 34 have the power to conduct reviews of national competent authorities to assess the convergence of national provisions adopted in the implementation of Union law. They are also competent to investigate and take action in case national competent authorities fail to comply with their obligations under EU law. This contributes to ensuring the consistent and effective application of EU law in the financial sector. |
| Vloga evropskih potrošniških centrov 35 pri izvrševanju potrošniškega prava | Evropski potrošniški centri so ključni za odkrivanje morebitnih razširjenih kršitev potrošniškega prava in ukrepanje proti njim. To vključuje ukrepe za zagotovitev, da spletni sistemi za rezervacijo nastanitve ne vključujejo manipulativnih tehnik, kakršne so prikrivanje, da so ponudbe sponzorirane, v razvrstitvi, neupravičeno ustvarjanje časovnega pritiska na uporabnika in zavajajoče prikazovanje popustov. | Leta 2020 so vodilne platforme za rezervacijo nastanitve po dialogu s Komisijo in nacionalnimi organi spremenile način predstavljanja ponudb, popustov in cen potrošnikom, da bi bili uporabniki v skladu z zahtevami potrošniškega prava EU bolje obveščeni pri primerjanju. To je vključevalo izogibanje predstavljanju ponudbe kot časovno omejene, če ostane ista cena na voljo tudi pozneje, in pojasnjevanje načina razvrščanja rezultatov. Po podobnem dialogu je leta 2022 velika spletna tržnica svoje prakse v zvezi s preklicem uskladila s pravili EU o varstvu potrošnikov. Zato se bodo lahko potrošniki lažje odjavili od premijskih storitev kot doslej, saj bodo potrebovali le dva klika, gumb za preklic pa bo jasno viden. | Usposabljanje za MSP o potrošniškem pravu | Projekt Consumer Law Ready 36 je vseevropski izobraževalni program o potrošniškem pravu za mala in srednja podjetja. Glavni izvajalec izobraževanja, imenovan v vsaki državi članici, izobrazi posrednike, ki nato izobražujejo MSP. To bo pripomoglo k zmanjšanju kršitev in povečanju ozaveščenosti o delovanju potrošniškega prava EU. | The role of the European Consumer Centres 35 in enforcing consumer law | European Consumer Centres are key in detecting and taking action against potential widespread breaches of consumer law. This has included action to ensure that online accommodation reservation systems are free from manipulative techniques such as hiding sponsoring in ranking, unduly putting time pressure on users, or misrepresenting rebates. | In 2020, following a dialogue with the Commission and national authorities, leading booking accommodation platforms made changes in the way they presents offers, discounts and prices to consumers so that users are able to make informed comparisons in line with the requirements of EU consumer law. This included avoiding presenting an offer as being time-limited if the same price would remain available afterwards, and clarifying how results are ranked. A similar dialogue led a major online marketplace to bring its cancellation practices in line with EU consumer rules in 2022. This will make it much easier for consumers to unsubscribe from premium services than used to be the case, needing just two clicks with a prominent and clear ‘cancel button’. | Training SMEs in consumer law | The Consumer Law Ready 36 project is an EU-wide training programme in consumer law for small and medium-sized enterprises. A lead trainer appointed in each Member State provides training to intermediaries who then train SMEs. This will help minimise breaches and increase awareness of how EU consumer law works. |
| IV.PAMETNO IZVRŠEVANJE – PREPREČEVANJE KRŠITEV PRAVA EU OD SAMEGA ZAČETKA | IV.SMART ENFORCEMENT - PREVENTING BREACHES OF EU LAW FROM THE OUTSET |
| Komisija zaradi predvidevanja in preprečevanj kršitev vprašanja izvajanja in izvrševanja obravnava že med pripravo predlogov za zakonodajo EU. Strategije izvajanja 37 , ki jih je Komisija pripravi v sodelovanju z nacionalnimi upravami, so v pomoč pri opredeljevanju glavnih izzivov, s katerimi se države članice soočajo pri prenosu in uporabi zakonodaje EU, poleg tega pa so v njih opredeljena orodja, ki jih Komisija uporablja za podporo skladnosti. | To anticipate and avoid infringements from occurring, implementation and enforcement issues are already considered when the Commission is designing proposals for EU legislation. Implementation strategies 37 prepared by the Commission in cooperation with national administrations help to identify the main challenges that Member States face in transposing and applying EU legislation, and set out the tools that the Commission uses to support compliance. |
| Pomoč državam članicam pri pripravi na izvajanje | Cilj uredbe o vrednotenju zdravstvenih tehnologij 38 je izboljšati dostop pacientov v EU do inovativnih tehnologij na področju zdravja, na primer v zvezi z zdravili in medicinskimi pripomočki. Komisija je za podporo nacionalnim organom, razvijalcem zdravstvenih tehnologij in deležnikom pri izvajanju te zakonodaje, ko se bo začela uporabljati leta 2025, objavila tekoči načrt 39 . | Helping Member States to prepare for implementation | The Health Technology Assessment Regulation 38 aims to improve EU patients’ access to innovative technologies in the area of health, such as in relation to medicines and medical devices. The Commission published a rolling plan 39 to support national authorities, health technology developers and stakeholders in implementation of this legislation once it starts to apply in 2025. |
| Za preprečevanje različnih razlag novosprejetega prava EU in spodbujanje skupnega razumevanja obstoječih pravil daje Komisija državam članicam, podjetjem, deležnikom in javnosti na voljo praktične smernice 40 , kako razumeti in uporabljati določene vidike prava EU. | To avoid diverging interpretations of newly adopted EU law and to foster a common understanding of existing rules, the Commission provides practical guidance 40 to Member States, businesses, stakeholders, and the public on how to understand and apply specific aspects of EU law. |
| Te smernice so lahko na primer v obliki navodil za razlago in uporabo prava EU ali pogosto zastavljenih vprašanj, objavljenih na spletu. Izdane so o vseh glavnih področjih politike. Komisija zlasti uporablja smernice za spremljanje držav članic pri prenosu direktiv in uporabi uredb, pri čemer se spremljanje običajno začne takoj po sprejetju akta, ter za utrditev sodne prakse Sodišča 41 . | This guidance can, for instance, take the form of guidelines on the interpretation and application of EU law or ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ published online. They have been issued in all major policy areas. In particular, the Commission uses guidelines to accompany Member States through the transposition process for directives and application of regulations, usually starting right after the adoption of an act, as well as to consolidate the case-law of the Court of Justice 41 . |
| Smernice Komisije za pomoč pri praktični uporabi zakonodaje | Dosledno uporabo novih pravil o platformah za izmenjavo vsebin v državah članicah je Komisija podprla s smernicami o uporabi člena 17 direktive o avtorskih pravicah 42 . Te smernice so praktični dokument, v katerem je pojasnjen položaj uporabnikov in imetnikov pravic glede tega, kaj je mogoče in česa ni mogoče naložiti brez soglasja imetnika avtorskih pravic ter kdaj se lahko od platform zahteva odstranitev ali pregled vsebin, ki so jih naložili uporabniki. | Po sprejetju svežnja za mobilnost 43 je Komisija izdala smernice v obliki vprašanj in odgovorov ter smernice o razlagi več sklopov novih pravil v zvezi s časom vožnje 44 , napotitvijo voznikov 45 , pametnimi tahografi 46 in obveznostjo vrnitve vozil v operativni center 47 , da bi deležnikom pomagala pri pravilni uporabi, državam članicam pa pri prenosu in doslednem izvrševanju teh pravil. | Commission guidance to help with the practical application of legislation | Commission guidance on the application of Article 17 of the Copyright Directive 42 supports the consistent application of new rules on content-sharing platforms across Member States. The guidance is a practical document to clarify the situation for users and rights holders about what can and cannot be uploaded without the consent of the holder of the copyright, and when the platforms can be requested to remove or review content uploaded by users. | Following the adoption of the Mobility Package 43 , the Commission issued guidance documents in the form of ‘Questions and Answers’ and Guidance notes on the interpretation of several sets of new rules relating in particular to driving times 44 , posting of drivers 45 , smart tachographs 46 , and the obligation of the return of vehicles to the operational center 47 , in order to assist stakeholders to correctly apply these rules and Member States to transpose them and enforce them consistently. |
| Komisija za spodbujanje učinkovitega izvajanja prava EU na vseh področjih politike uporablja tudi širok nabor drugih orodij, ki temeljijo na sestankih, na primer odbore, mreže, strokovne skupine in delavnice. Te skupine državam članicam omogočajo izmenjavo dobrih praks in razpravo o težavah pri uporabi zakonodaje EU. Komisija lahko nato že v zgodnji fazi ugotovi, kje so težave pri izvajanju, in išče možne rešitve, vključno z uporabo orodij IT, za podporo učinkovitejšemu in uspešnejšemu izvajanju. Ključni forum za izboljšanje uporabe in izvrševanja je projektna skupina za uveljavljanje pravil enotnega trga, ustanovljena leta 2020 na podlagi sklepov Evropskega sveta o industrijski politiki 48 . Osrednji del njenega dela je proučevanje ovir za izvrševanje pravil enotnega trga in oblikovanje praktičnih rešitev. | The Commission also deploys a wide range of other meeting-based tools, such as committees, networks, expert groups and workshops, to promote effective implementation of EU law across policy areas. These groups allow Member States to share good practices and discuss problems encountered in applying EU legislation. The Commission can then identify implementation difficulties at an early stage and work on possible remedies, including the use of IT tools to support more efficient and effective implementation. A key forum for improving application and enforcement is the Single Market Enforcement Task Force, set up following the European Council’s conclusions on industrial policy in 2020 48 . A core part of its work is to look at barriers to enforcement of the single market rules and to devise practical solutions. |
| Preprečevanje nastajanja ovir na enotnem trgu | Direktiva o preglednosti enotnega trga 49 od držav članic zahteva, da Komisijo uradno obvestijo o osnutkih nacionalnih tehničnih predpisov, preden jih sprejmejo, da ne bi nastale ovire za enotni trg. Ta mehanizem uradnega obveščanja je privedel do pozitivne prakse izmenjave informacij, dialoga in sodelovanja med državami članicami in Komisijo ter med samimi državami članicami. V okviru mehanizma se tudi izmenjujejo dobre prakse za reševanje skupnih težav v zvezi s tehničnimi predpisi, zlasti v novoreguliranih sektorjih, kot so digitalne storitve in nove tehnologije. Mehanizem ni le uspešno preprečil novih pravil, ki bi kršila pravo EU, temveč je prispeval tudi k uporabi načela vzajemnega priznavanja. | Na področju storitev je namen postopka uradnega obveščanja na podlagi direktive o storitvah 50 preprečiti nastajanje neupravičenih regulativnih ovir na enotnem trgu. Komisija dejavno spodbuja preglednost ukrepov držav članic na področju storitev in si še naprej prizadeva za povečanje učinkovitosti postopka uradnega obveščanja. | Direktiva o preskusu sorazmernosti je še eno orodje, ki preprečuje nastajanje novih ovir na enotnem trgu poklicnih storitev. Za vsako novo nacionalno regulacijo poklicev je treba opraviti temeljito oceno, pred sprejetjem pa je treba dokazati sorazmernost. | Sodelovanje z državami članicami za izboljšanje izvrševanja | Za pomoč Komisiji pri izvajanju direktive o spletni dostopnosti 51 je bila ustanovljena strokovna skupina za direktivo o spletni dostopnosti (WADEX) 52 , ki deluje tudi kot forum za izmenjavo dobrih praks in izkušenj na zadevnem področju med državami članicami. V obdobju 2020–2022 so bili organizirani mesečni spletni seminarji, ki so pomagali zagotoviti, da so države članice uporabljale skupen pristop in da so pravočasno in učinkovito predložile prva poročila o spremljanju spletišč in mobilnih aplikacij. Glede na ta poročila so države članice v tem obdobju testirale več kot 10 000 spletišč in 300 mobilnih aplikacij. Ta dejavnost je prispevala k večji ozaveščenosti in boljši dostopnosti vsebin javnega sektorja na spletiščih in v mobilnih aplikacijah. | Uporaba orodij IT za lažje zagotavljanje skladnosti in izvrševanja | Informacijski sistem za notranji trg (IMI) 53 je spletno orodje IT, ki javnim upravam držav članic lajša upravno sodelovanje na področju zakonodaje o enotnem trgu. To je lahko v pomoč javnosti in podjetjem, ki poslujejo čezmejno. Sistem je okolju prijazen, varen in večjezičen ter zmanjšuje upravno breme in podpira 19 področij politike. | Lahko se prilagodi za podporo specifičnim namenom. Od leta 2022 so na primer na voljo trije novi moduli Komisije za lažje čezmejno izvrševanje novih pravil, uvedenih s svežnjem o mobilnosti, in sicer o napotitvi voznikov, vračanju voznika in vračanju vozila. Poleg tega je bil vzpostavljen nov javni vmesnik, povezan s sistemom, prek katerega cestni prevozniki lažje predložijo izjave o napotitvi pristojnim organom držav članic, v katere napotijo svoje voznike. Cestni prevozniki po vsej Evropi lahko izjavo o napotitvi zdaj predložijo zelo preprosto in v celoti na spletu, s čimer prihranijo čas in denar. Od vzpostavitve je bilo predloženih več kot 10 milijonov izjav o napotitvi. | Preventing barriers in the single market before they materialise | The Single Market Transparency Directive 49 requires Member States to notify draft national technical regulations to the Commission, before their adoption, to avoid the creation of barriers to the single market. This notification mechanism has given rise to a positive practice of information exchange, dialogue, and cooperation between the Member States and the Commission, and among Member States. It also shares good practices to solve common problems regarding technical regulations, especially in newly regulated sectors such as digital services and new technologies. The mechanism has not only succeeded in avoiding new rules that breach EU law, but also helped apply the principle of mutual recognition. | In the area of services, the notification procedure under the Services Directive 50 aims to prevent the creation of unjustified regulatory barriers to the single market. The Commission actively encourages transparency about Member States’ measures on services and makes continued efforts to increase the efficiency of that notification procedure. | The Proportionality Test Directive is another tool that prevents new barriers to the single market for professional services. Any new national professional regulations must be subject to a thorough assessment and proof of proportionality is necessary before adoption. | Working with Member States to improve enforcement | The Web Accessibility Directive expert group (WADEX) 51 was set up to assist the Commission in implementing the Web Accessibility Directive 52 and to provide a forum for the exchange of good practices and experiences in the field of web accessibility among Member States. In 2020-2022, monthly webinars were held, which helped to ensure that Member States followed a common approach and that the first reports by Member States on monitoring websites and mobile apps were submitted in a timely and effective way. According to these reports, over 10 000 websites and 300 mobile apps were tested by the Member States during this period. This exercise contributed to an increased awareness and improved accessibility of public sector online content on websites and mobile apps. | Using IT tools to facilitate compliance and enforcement | The Internal Market Information System (IMI) 53 is an online IT tool that facilitates administrative cooperation on single market legislation for Member States’ public administrations. This can help the public and businesses operating across borders. It is environmentally friendly, secure and multilingual, and it reduces administrative burden and supports 19 policy areas. | It can be adapted to support specific purposes. For example, in 2022, three new Commission modules were launched to facilitate cross-border enforcement of the new rules introduced by the Mobility Package, in particular on posting of drivers, return of a driver and return of a vehicle. In addition, the new public interface connected to IMI was created in order to make it easier for road transport operators to submit posting declarations to competent authorities of Member States where they post their drivers. Road transport operators throughout Europe can now submit their posting declaration completely online in a very simple way, saving time and money. Since the launch, more than 10 million posting declarations have been submitted. |
| Poleg odborov in strokovnih skupin Komisija organizira tudi dvostranska srečanja z državami članicami za pregled skladnosti na določenem področju politike. Ta srečanja o skladnosti Komisiji in zadevni državi članici omogočajo, da na zadevnem področju pregledata vse začete postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev in postopke EU Pilot. Srečanja so se izkazala kot koristna za prepoznavanje in reševanje medsektorskih vprašanj, zaradi prihranka časa z obravnavanjem več primerov na enem srečanju ter za razvoj medsebojnega razumevanja med nacionalnimi organi in službami Komisije. | Beyond committees and expert groups, the Commission also organises bilateral meetings with Member States to review compliance across a specific policy area. These compliance meetings allow the Commission and the relevant Member State to review all open infringement and EU Pilot procedures in that particular field. They have proven useful in identifying and resolving cross-cutting issues, saving time by addressing several cases in one meeting and developing mutual understanding between national authorities and Commission services. |
| Povezovanje politik in podpore EU | Linking EU policies and support |
| Finančna podpora EU se je prav tako izkazala za učinkovito orodje za spodbujanje držav članic k izvajanju reform in po potrebi k pospešitvi doseganja ciljev, določenih v pravu EU. Ta podpora vključuje evropske strukturne in investicijske sklade, kot so Evropski sklad za pomorstvo, ribištvo in akvakulturo ter skladi kohezijske politike, financiranje prek programov Carina in Fiscalis ter nepovratna sredstva in posojila na podlagi mehanizma za okrevanje in odpornost 54 . | Financial support from the EU has also proven to be an effective tool to encourage Member States to carry out reforms and, where appropriate, to accelerate achievement of the objectives laid down in EU law. This support includes European structural and investment funds such as the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund or Cohesion Policy funds, funding through the Customs and Fiscalis programmes, and grants and loans under the Recovery and Resilience Facility 54 (RRF). |
| Cilj mehanizma za okrevanje in odpornost je ublažiti gospodarske in socialne posledice pandemije koronavirusa ter zagotoviti, da bodo evropska gospodarstva in družbe postali bolj trajnostni, odpornejši in bolje pripravljeni na izzive in priložnosti zelenega in digitalnega prehoda. Mehanizem je začasni instrument za okrevanje. Komisiji omogoča, da zbira sredstva za pomoč državam članicam pri izvajanju reform in naložb, ki so vključene v njihove nacionalne načrte, so v skladu s prednostnimi nalogami EU ter obravnavajo izzive, opredeljene v priporočilih za posamezne države v okviru evropskega semestra za usklajevanje ekonomskih in socialnih politik. Čeprav mehanizem za okrevanje in odpornost ni orodje za izvrševanje, morajo države članice izvajati prednostne naloge, pretvorjene v mejnike in cilje, da bi lahko prejele izplačila. | The aim of the RRF is to mitigate the economic and social impact of the coronavirus pandemic and to make European economies and societies more sustainable, resilient and better prepared for the challenges and opportunities of the green and digital transitions. The Facility is a temporary recovery instrument. It allows the Commission to raise funds to help Member States implement reforms and investments, included in their own national plans, in line with the EU’s priorities, and which address challenges identified in country-specific recommendations under the European Semester framework of economic and social policy coordination. Although the RRF is not an enforcement tool, those priorities, translated into milestones and targets, need to be met for Member States to receive disbursements. |
| Mehanizem za okrevanje in odpornost prispeva k doseganju cilja podnebne nevtralnosti EU | Številne države članice se za pospešitev zelenega prehoda, zlasti glede na cilje „Pripravljeni na 55“, v svojih nacionalnih načrtih za okrevanje in odpornost osredotočajo na prometni in stavbni sektor. Instrument se bo med drugim uporabljal za podporo naložbam v toplotno prenovo stavb, okolju prijaznejši vozni park in prehod na železniški promet. Na primer, v eni državi članici se bodo na podlagi načrta financirala nepovratna sredstva, dodeljena lastnikom stanovanj kot pomoč pri stroških zamenjave ogrevanja, prezračevanja ali energetskega pregleda enodružinskih hiš ali stanovanj v skupnih stanovanjskih objektih. S temi naložbami se bo financirala toplotna prenova 400 000 gospodinjstev v tej državi članici. | The RRF helping the EU achieve its target of climate neutrality | To accelerate the green transition, in particular in view of the ‘Fit for 55’ objectives, many Member States are focusing on the transport and buildings sectors in their national recovery and resilience plans. The Facility will be used, amongst other things, to support investments for the thermal renovation of buildings, to green the vehicle fleet and to support the modal shift towards rail transport. As an example, in one Member State, the plan will finance a grant allocated to homeowners to help pay for heating replacement, ventilation, or for energy audits for single-family houses or apartments in collective housing. These investments will finance the thermal renovation of 400 000 households in that Member State. |
| Za močno spodbudo državam članicam, da pospešijo usklajevanje s povezano zakonodajo EU, se je izkazala tudi uporaba pogojev sofinanciranja, povezanih na primer z izplačilom regionalnih sredstev za razvoj infrastrukture v okviru kohezijske politike EU. | The use of co-financing conditions attached to the disbursement of, for instance, regional funds, to develop infrastructure under EU cohesion policy, has also proven to be a strong incentive for Member States to accelerate and improve their compliance with the related EU law. |
| Uporaba pogojev financiranja za spodbujanje skladnosti v sektorju vode in odpadkov | Za popolno skladnost z zakonodajo EU v sektorjih, kot sta gospodarjenje z vodo ali ravnanje z odpadki, so potrebne znatne naložbe: skupni kumulativni odhodki 27 držav članic, potrebni za skladnost do leta 2030 na področju oskrbe z vodo in sanitarne oskrbe, znašajo 255 milijard EUR 55 . Podobno so dodatne naložbe, potrebne za izpolnitev ciljev krožnega gospodarstva in ravnanja z odpadki, ocenjene na 13 do 28 milijard EUR na leto do leta 2030 56 . Navedene naložbe so potrebne za nadgradnjo sistema ravnanja z odpadki z izboljšanjem zbiranja, razvrščanja, predelave bioloških odpadkov in ponovne obdelave ter z digitalizacijo registrov. | Nekatere države članice se za financiranje potrebnih naložb na primer zanašajo na kohezijske sklade EU. Vendar je dostop do sofinanciranja EU odvisen od specifičnih zahtev 57 . Države članice sofinanciranje prejmejo le, če izpolnjujejo številne pogoje, določene v pravu EU (npr. priprava načrtov gospodarjenja z odpadki ali načrtovanje potrebnih naložb v sektor vode). To zagotavlja učinkovito uporabo sofinanciranja EU in bo omogočilo vzpostavitev ključne okoljske infrastrukture ter izpolnjevanje standardov, določenih v zakonodaji EU o odpadkih in vodah. | Using financing conditions to drive compliance in the water and waste sector | The investment required to reach full compliance with EU legislation in sectors such as water or waste management is high: the total cumulative expenditure needed for compliance by 2030 for water supply and sanitation amounts to EUR 255 billion across the 27 Member States 55 . Similarly, the additional investment needed to comply with circular economy and waste management targets is estimated at between EUR 13 billion and EUR 28 billion per year to 2030 56 . This is needed to upgrade the waste system by improving collection, sorting, bio waste treatment, reprocessing and digitalising registries. | Some Member States rely, for instance, on EU cohesion funds to finance the necessary investments. However, access to EU co-financing is conditional upon specific requirements 57 . Member States only receive the co-financing if they meet a number of conditions set out in EU law (such as preparing waste management plans or planning for required investments in the water sector). This ensures that EU co-financing will be used efficiently and will make it possible to put in place key environmental infrastructure and to meet the standards set by the EU waste and water legislation. |
| Spoštovanje načela pravne države je ključno za dobro finančno poslovodenje proračuna Unije in učinkovito uporabo finančnih sredstev Unije. Od 1. januarja 2021 velja uredba o pogojenosti 58 , ki ščiti proračun EU pred kršitvami načela pravne države v državah članicah. Komisija je 2. marca 2022 objavila smernice za uporabo splošnega režima pogojenosti. Prvi predlog izvedbenega sklepa Sveta je bil sprejet 18. septembra 2022 59 . | Respect for the rule of law is key for the sound financial management of the Union budget and for effective use of Union funding. Since 1 January 2021, the Conditionality Regulation 58 is in place, protecting the EU budget from being affected by breaches of the rule of law in Member States. The Commission published guidelines on the application of the general regime of conditionality on 2 March 2022. A first proposal for a Council Implementing Decision was adopted on 18 September 2022 59 . |
| Poleg finančne podpore Komisija državam članicam EU za oblikovanje in izvajanje reform zagotavlja tudi prilagojeno tehnično strokovno znanje v okviru Instrumenta za tehnično podporo. Prek Instrumenta za tehnično podporo podpira nacionalne organe pri izboljševanju njihovih zmogljivosti za oblikovanje, razvoj in izvajanje reform za večjo odpornost na več področjih (upravno sodelovanje, načelo pravne države, reforma pravosodnih sistemov, krepitev finančnega nadzora ter okrepitev boja proti goljufijam, korupciji in pranju denarja). | Beyond financial support, the Commission also provides tailor-made technical expertise to EU Member States to design and implement reforms under the Technical Support Instrument. The Technical Support Instrument supports national authorities in improving their capacity to design, develop and implement resilience-enhancing reforms in several domains (administrative cooperation, rule of law, reform of the justice systems, strengthening of financial supervision and reinforcement of the fight against fraud, corruption and money laundering). |
| Spodbujanje dobre javne uprave prek izmenjav za sodelovanje javnih uprav (PACE) | Javne uprave so neposredni vmesnik med EU in državljani, saj pravo in programe EU pretvarjajo v konkretne ukrepe. Kakovost javnih uprav je odločilni dejavnik za konkurenčnost držav članic in s tem celotne EU 60 . Komisija v okviru Instrumenta za tehnično podporo poskusno izvaja pobudo izmenjav za sodelovanje javnih uprav (PACE), prek katere se lahko uradnike začasno napoti v drugo državo članico. Ta program udeležencem omogoča, da pridobijo znanje in spretnosti, ustvarijo vezi in navsezadnje prispevajo k oblikovanju resničnega evropskega upravnega prostora. | Promoting good public administration through PACE (Public Administration Cooperation Exchange) | Public administrations are the direct interface between the EU and citizens, as they translate EU law and programmes into concrete actions. The quality of public administrations is a defining factor for the competitiveness of Member States, and therefore of the EU as a whole 60 . The Commission is piloting, under the Technical Support Instrument, an initiative for Public Administration Cooperation Exchange (PACE) through which officials can be temporarily seconded to another Member State. This programme allows participants to gain knowledge and skills, to create bonds and ultimately to contribute to the creation of a genuine European administrative space. |
| V.ZGODNJE ODKRIVANJE IN REŠEVANJE KRŠITEV PRAVA EU | V.EARLY DETECTION AND RESOLUTION OF BREACHES OF EU LAW |
| Večja preglednost in mehanizmi spremljanja za opredelitev težavnih področij | Increased transparency and monitoring mechanisms to identify issues |
| Večja preglednost, objava informacij o skladnosti in mehanizmi rednega spremljanja so se prav tako izkazali za učinkovite pri spodbujanju držav članic k hitrejšemu zagotavljanju skladnosti ali vsaj pri opredeljevanju področij, katerim je treba nameniti dodatno pozornost. | Increased transparency, publication of compliance information and regular monitoring mechanisms have also proved effective in encouraging Member States towards faster compliance or at least, in identifying areas that require further attention. |
| Objava poročil o teh vprašanjih javnosti omogoča, da spremlja uspešnost in raven skladnosti svoje države članice na določenih področjih politike, poleg tega pa tudi ozavešča podjetja in spodbuja javno razpravo. Preglednice kazalnikov in druge podobne ocene prispevajo k usmerjanju tega dela, z orodji, kot so pregled enotnega trga 61 , poročila za posamezne države v okviru evropskega semestra 62 , pregled izvajanja okoljske politike 63 in z njim povezani interaktivni zemljevid okoljskih kršitev 64 ali objava odzivov Komisije na uradna obvestila držav članic v skladu z direktivo o preglednosti enotnega trga. Drugi instrumenti, kakršna sta poročilo o stanju pravne države in pregled stanja na področju pravosodja v EU 65 , omogočajo vpogled v razvoj dogodkov v posameznih državah članicah, ki imajo ključno vlogo pri učinkovitem izvrševanju prava EU. Dobro delujoč nacionalni pravosodni sistem je bistven za zagotavljanje učinkovitega sodnega varstva pravic, ki jih imajo državljani in podjetja na podlagi prava EU. Za nekatera posebna področja politike Komisija objavlja informacije o stanju prenosa direktiv v državah članicah 66 . | When reports on these issues are published, they allow the public to follow their Member State’s performance and level of compliance in specific policy areas, raise awareness among businesses, and encourage public debate. Scoreboards and other similar assessments help to focus this work, with tools such as the Single Market Scoreboard 61 , the European Semester’s country-specific reports 62 , the Environmental Implementation Review 63 and its accompanying environmental infringements interactive map 64 , or the publication of Commission reactions to Member State notifications under the Single Market Transparency Directive. Other instruments, such as the Rule of Law Report or the EU Justice Scoreboard 65 , provide country-specific insight into developments in the Member States, which have a key role to play in the effective enforcement of EU law. A well-functioning national justice system is essential for providing effective judicial protection of rights which citizens and businesses derive from EU law. In some specific policy areas, the Commission publishes information about the state of transposition of directives by Member States 66 . |
| Komisija pogosto poroča tudi o izvajanju specifičnih instrumentov ali področij prava EU. Namen teh poročil ni le obveščanje javnosti o področjih, na katerih so ogrožene njene pravice, temveč tudi opredelitev splošnih trendov in težav, kar je v pomoč pri izvršilnih ukrepih proti državam članicam in morda spodbudi pregled zakonodaje. | The Commission also frequently reports on the implementation of specific instruments or areas of EU law. These reports not only aim to inform the public about the areas where their rights are at risk but also seek to identify general trends and issues, helping enforcement action against Member States and inspiring a possible review of the law. |
| Schengensko ocenjevanje | Dobro delovanje schengenskega območja 67 je odvisno od pravilnega in uspešnega izvajanja schengenskega pravnega reda ter od vzajemnega zaupanja med državami članicami. Schengenski ocenjevalni in spremljevalni mehanizem 68 zagotavlja objektivno in nepristransko ocenjevanje, s katerim se hitro ugotovijo pomanjkljivosti pri uporabi schengenskih pravil in se zagotovi, da se hitro odpravijo. Komisija in države članice izvajajo ocenjevalne obiske, ki jim sledijo priporočila Sveta državam članicam za popravne ukrepe. Mehanizem je bil posodobljen in izboljšan 69 , poenostavljen postopek pa zagotavlja, da se zlasti resne pomanjkljivosti hitro odpravijo. | Poročilo o stanju pravne države | Letno poročilo o stanju pravne države 70 je osrednji del evropskega mehanizma pravne države 71 . Komisija je julija 2022 predstavila svoje tretje letno poročilo o stanju pravne države s 27 poglavji za posamezne države. Poročilo je rezultat tesnega dialoga z nacionalnimi organi in deležniki ter objektivno in nepristransko obravnava vse države članice, pri čemer se osredotoča na štiri stebre, ključne za pravno državo: pravosodni sistemi, protikorupcijski okvir, pluralnost in svobodo medijev ter druga institucionalna vprašanja, povezana s sistemom zavor in ravnovesij. Od leta 2022 poročilo vsebuje posebna priporočila, naslovljena na vsako državo članico. V skladu s preventivno naravo poročila je cilj priporočil pomagati državam članicam pri njihovih prizadevanjih za nadaljevanje tekočih ali načrtovanih reform, jih pri tem podpirati ter jim pomagati ugotoviti, kje so morda potrebne izboljšave, nadaljnji ukrepi v zvezi z nedavnimi spremembami ali reforme 72 . | Schengen evaluation | A well-functioning Schengen area 67 depends on the correct and effective implementation of the Schengen acquis and on mutual trust among Member States. The Schengen Evaluation and Monitoring Mechanism 68 provides for objective and impartial evaluations, to quickly identify deficiencies in the application of Schengen rules and to ensure they are swiftly addressed. The Commission and Member States carry out evaluation visits, which are followed by Council recommendations to the Member States for remedial action. The mechanism has been updated and improved 69 , and a more streamlined procedure ensures that serious deficiencies in particular are addressed promptly. | Rule of Law Report | The annual Rule of Law Report 70 is at the centre of the European Rule of Law Mechanism 71 . In July 2022, the Commission presented its third annual Rule of Law Report, along with its 27 country-specific chapters. The Report is the result of close dialogue with national authorities and stakeholders, and covers all Member States on an objective and impartial basis, looking at the four key pillars for the rule of law: justice systems, the anti-corruption framework, media pluralism and freedom, and other institutional issues linked to checks and balances. Since 2022, the Report comes with specific recommendations addressed to each Member State. In line with the preventive nature of the report, the objective of the recommendations is to assist and support Member States in their efforts to take forward ongoing or planned reforms and help them identify where improvements, follow-up to recent changes or reforms are needed 72 . |
| Izvajanje revizij za preverjanje skladnosti | Carrying out audits to verify compliance |
| Na nekaterih področjih prava EU Komisija izvaja revizije, da bi preverila, ali države članice v praksi spoštujejo pravila EU, in ocenila nacionalne kontrole. | In some areas of EU law, the Commission carries out audits to verify if Member States comply with EU rules in practice and to assess national controls. |
| Revizije so bistveno orodje za zaščito proračuna EU. Pomagajo odkriti nepravilna plačila in izterjati zneske, ki jih je država članica porabila neupravičeno zaradi neupoštevanja pravil in načel dobrega finančnega poslovodenja. Priporočila, dana na podlagi revizij, in akcijski načrti, ki jih države članice oblikujejo na zahtevo Komisije, pogosto neposredno privedejo do tega, da organi držav članic izboljšajo izvajanje pravil. | Audits are an essential tool for protecting the EU budget. They help detect irregular payments and recover amounts unduly spent by the Member State for not complying with the rules and principles of sound financial management. Recommendations resulting from audits and action plans instigated by the Member States at the request of the Commission often directly lead to improved implementation of rules by Member States' authorities. |
| Zaščita standardov EU za varnost hrane in krme | Ljudje v EU pričakujejo visoke standarde varnosti hrane in krme ter zdravja živali in rastlin. Ti standardi so zaščiteni z nadzorom, vključno z revizijami, v državah članicah in tretjih državah, ki izvažajo rastline, živali in živila v EU. Komisija je v obdobju 2019–2020 v državah članicah izvedla 170 revizij in podobnih pregledov sistemov uradnega nadzora, na podlagi katerih je bilo državam članicam izdanih 527 priporočil. V veliki večini primerov so države članice sprejele popravne ukrepe ali dale zadovoljive zaveze za odpravo pomanjkljivosti. Leta 2020 je bilo 17 milijonov subjektov v agroživilski verigi predmet uradnega nadzora, ki ga opravljajo nacionalni organi. Pri teh subjektih so izvedli več kot štiri milijone kontrol. Tako so lahko nacionalni organi bolje izvrševali visoke standarde EU na področju varnosti hrane in krme. | Priprava akcijskih načrtov za izboljšanje skladnosti s skupnimi pravili za ribištvo | Komisija izvaja inšpekcijske preglede v državah članicah, da preveri, kako izvajajo nadzor ribištva. Če ugotovi sistemske pomanjkljivosti glede nadzora, skupaj z državami članicami pripravi akcijske načrte za okrepitev njihovih sistemov nadzora. Ti akcijski načrti so Komisiji v pomoč pri spremljanju izvajanja in napredka sistemov držav članic za nadzor ribištva, ki so bistveni za zagotavljanje trajnostnega ribištva in zdravih ribjih staležev. To je privedlo do zanesljivejšega poročanja o ulovu in izboljšanja sistemov za odkrivanje kršitev skupne ribiške politike. | Zagotavljanje pravilnosti plačil na področju kmetijstva | Komisija v državah članicah izvaja redne revizije, da bi preverila, ali države članice spoštujejo zakonodajo EU, ki ureja podporo, zagotovljeno kmetom in drugim upravičencem prek skupne kmetijske politike. V primeru neskladnosti ali sistemskih pomanjkljivosti glede nadzora lahko Komisija začasno ustavi izplačevanje finančnih sredstev EU ali jih od držav članic izterja. Ti finančni popravki so se izkazali za učinkovite mehanizme za odpravo napak in zaščito proračuna EU. Poleg tega Komisija za okrepitev nadzornih sistemov države članice od nje zahteva, da izvede akcijski načrt. | Protecting EU standards of food and feed safety | People in the EU expect high standards of food and feed safety and of animal and plant health. These standards are protected by controls, including audits, in Member States and in non-EU countries that export plants, animals and food to the EU. In 2019-2020, the Commission carried out 170 audits and similar checks on the official control systems of the Member States, resulting in 527 recommendations to Member States. In an overwhelming number of cases, Member States took corrective action, or provided satisfactory commitments to address the shortcomings. In 2020, around 17 million operators in the agri-food chain were subject to official controls by national authorities. They carried out more than four million controls on these operators. This has helped national authorities to better enforce the EU’s high standards of food and feed safety. | Drawing up action plans to improve compliance with common rules for fisheries | The Commission inspects Member States to verify how they implement fisheries controls. If it identifies systematic control deficiencies, it draws up action plans together with Member States, in order to strengthen their control systems. These action plans help the Commission to follow up on implementation and progress in Member States’ fisheries control systems, which are essential for ensuring sustainable fisheries and healthy fish stocks. This has resulted in more reliable catch reporting and improved systems for detecting infringements of the common fisheries policy. | Ensuring the regularity of payments in agriculture field | The Commission carries out regular audits in Member States to verify Member States’ respect of the EU legislation regulating the support provided via the Common Agricultural Policy to farmers and other beneficiaries. In case of non-compliances or system control deficiencies, the Commission can suspend or recover EU financing from the Member States. These financial corrections have proved to be effective mechanisms for correcting the errors made and for protecting the EU budget. In addition, to strengthen the Member State’s control systems, the Commission requests the Member State to implement an action plan. |
| Postopek pred ugotavljanjem kršitev (EU Pilot) | Pre-infringement process (EU Pilot) |
| Če Komisija kljub svojim preventivnim prizadevanjem in podpori državam članicam ugotovi morebitno kršitev prava EU, se lahko odloči, da bo uporabila postopek pred ugotavljanjem kršitev, imenovan EU Pilot 73 . To orodje se uporablja, kadar zagotavlja dodano vrednost: leta 2021 je Komisija postopek EU Pilot uporabila pred 33 od 302 postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev, ki jih je začela po preiskavah na lastno pobudo ali na podlagi pritožb 74 . EU Pilot je orodje, ki se lahko uporabi, kadar bo verjetno do skladnosti privedlo hitreje od formalnega postopka za ugotavljanje kršitev. Komisiji omogoča, da številne zadeve reši v okviru postopka EU Pilot, ne da bi morala začeti postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev. Uporabi ga lahko na primer, kadar so zadevne pomanjkljivosti tehnične narave. Za koristnega se lahko izkaže tudi v primerih, ko želi Komisija zbrati dejanske ali pravne informacije, potrebne za izvedbo ocene 75 . Ne uporablja pa se, kadar je kršitev dobro dokazana, očitna ali priznana, niti se ne uporablja za občutljivejša vprašanja, pri katerih je manj verjetno, da bodo razprave na tehnični ravni privedle do uspešnega zaključka. Komisija se mora tudi paziti tveganja, da bi tak postopek povzročil nepotrebne zamude: če postopek traja zelo dolgo, bistvenega napredka pa ni, ali če država članica ne sodeluje, Komisija postopek EU Pilot konča in začne postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev. | Where the Commission, despite its preventive efforts and support to Member States, identifies a possible breach of EU law, it may decide to use a pre-infringement process, known as EU Pilot 73 . This tool is used when it offers an added value: in 2021, out of 302 infringement cases opened by the Commission after own-initiative investigations or following complaints 74 , 33 were preceded by an EU Pilot process. This is a tool that can be used where it is likely to lead to swifter compliance than a formal infringement procedure. It allows the Commission to resolve a number of cases at the EU Pilot stage without the need to move to an infringement procedure. This may be the case, for example, if the issues at stake are of a technical nature. It can also prove useful in cases where the Commission wishes to collect factual or legal information needed to carry out its assessment 75 . It is not used where the breach is well-evidenced, obvious or self-acknowledged, nor is it used for more sensitive issues where discussions at technical level are less likely to lead to a successful outcome. The Commission also has to guard against the risk that such a process causes unnecessary delay: if the procedure becomes excessively lengthy without substantial progress, or if there is a lack of cooperation from the Member State, the Commission terminates the EU Pilot process and switches to an infringement procedure. |
| Postopek EU Pilot se je sčasoma izkazal za koristnega. V okviru tega postopka se z odprtostjo in medsebojnim zaupanjem med državami članicami in Komisijo hitreje doseže skladnost. Leta 2021 je bilo uspešno zaključenih več kot 80 % postopkov EU Pilot. Če postopek ne uspe, se uporabi postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev. | Over time, the EU Pilot process has proven its value. It has used an approach of harnessing openness and mutual trust between Member States and the Commission to bring about compliance more quickly. In 2021, over 80% of EU Pilot processes were resolved satisfactorily. Where it does not succeed, recourse is made to infringement proceedings. |
| EU Pilot, da lahko ljudje uporabljajo račun IBAN v kateri koli državi članici | Namen uredbe o enotnem območju plačil v eurih (SEPA) 76 je zagotoviti, da se lahko za čezmejne kreditne prenose in direktne bremenitve vsak bančni račun EU uporablja tako enostavno kot znotraj države. Vendar v nekaterih državah članicah ključni prejemniki plačil, kot so telekomunikacijska podjetja, davčni organi ali organi za socialno varnost, kode IBAN niso sprejemali, tako da računov v drugih državah EU ni bilo mogoče uporabiti za vzpostavitev direktnih bremenitev ali za prenos sredstev za npr. davčne napovedi ali pokojnine. Komisija je med letoma 2016 in 2021 začela postopke EU Pilot s petimi državami članicami. Posledično so spremenile svoj pravni okvir ali pa ga spreminjajo zaradi boja proti kršitvam in zagotavljanja ustreznih sankcij. V treh primerih je Komisija začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev, da bi zagotovila, da imajo pristojni nacionalni organi zadostna pooblastila za nadzor skladnosti in nalaganje sankcij. To je privedlo tudi do zakonodajnih sprememb za podelitev potrebnih pooblastil organom. | EU Pilot za izboljšanje čezmejnega dostopa do zdravstvenega varstva 77 | Pacienti imajo pravico do zdravstvenega varstva v drugi državi članici in do povračila stroškov v domači državi za zdravljenje v tujini. Ker so nekatere države članice pravila EU o pravicah pacientov pri čezmejnem zdravstvenem varstvu v nacionalno zakonodajo prenesle nepravilno, je za hitro izboljšanje dostopa do varnega in visokokakovostnega čezmejnega zdravstvenega varstva v teh državah Komisija začela postopke EU Pilot. Proti trem državam članicam je nato začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev, z devetimi državami članicami pa je postopke EU Pilot uspešno zaključila. V večini teh primerov so države članice spremenile zakonodajo ali upravne prakse, da bi jih uskladile s pravili EU. Posledično imajo pacienti koristi od manj obremenjujočih zahtev za predhodno odobritev, preprostejših upravnih postopkov in preglednejših informacij o čezmejnem zdravstvenem varstvu, kar na splošno pomeni, da imajo pacienti zdaj lažji dostop do zdravstvenih storitev v drugih državah članicah. | EU Pilot to ensure that people can use their IBAN account in any Member State | The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) Regulation 76 aims to ensure that any EU bank account can be used for credit transfers and direct debit cross-border as easily as domestically. However, in some Member States, key recipients of payments such as telecom companies or taxation or social security authorities did not accept the IBAN code, so that accounts in other EU countries could not be used to set up direct debits or to transfer funds such as tax returns or pensions. Between 2016 and 2021, the Commission started EU Pilot processes with five Member States. As a result, their legal framework has been amended or is being amended to combat the breaches and to ensure appropriate sanctions. In three cases, the Commission also launched infringement procedures to ensure that national competent authorities are sufficiently empowered to monitor compliance and impose sanctions. This has also resulted in legislative changes to give the authorities the powers needed. | EU Pilot to improve cross-border access to healthcare 77 | Patients have the right to access healthcare in any Member State and to be reimbursed for care abroad by their home country. As some Member States incorrectly transposed EU rules on patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare into national legislation, the Commission opened EU Pilot processes to swiftly improve the access to safe and high quality cross-border healthcare in these countries. While infringement procedures have been launched against three Member States, the EU Pilot process led to a successful outcome with nine Member States. In the majority of those cases, the Member States amended legislation or administrative practices to align it with EU rules. As a consequence, patients benefit from less burdensome requirements for prior authorisation, lighter administrative procedures and more transparent information about cross-border healthcare, with the overall effect that patients now have easier access to healthcare services in other Member States. |
| VI.USPEŠNA UPORABA POSTOPKOV ZA UGOTAVLJANJE KRŠITEV | VI.EFFECTIVE USE OF INFRINGEMENT PROCEDURES |
| Komisija je sčasoma spremenila politiko izvrševanja. Od leta 2017 svoja prizadevanja vse bolj osredotoča na pomanjkljivosti, pri katerih lahko njeno ukrepanje poveča dodano vrednost ter doseže spremembe za življenje in dejavnosti čim večjega števila ljudi in podjetij. Komisija si zato še naprej prizadeva za strateški pristop, cilje in prednostne naloge, ki si jih je zastavila v sporočilu iz leta 2016 „Pravo EU: z boljšo uporabo do boljših rezultatov“. | The Commission’s enforcement policy has evolved over time. Since 2017, the Commission has increasingly focused its efforts on issues where its interventions can maximise added value and make a difference in the lives and activities of as many people and businesses as possible. The Commission therefore continues to pursue the strategic approach, objectives and priorities that it set itself in the 2016 Communication ‘EU law: Better results through better application’. |
| Glavni namen postopka za ugotavljanje kršitev je zagotoviti, da države članice pravo EU uveljavljajo v splošnem interesu, in ni namenjen kot pravno sredstvo za posameznike. Strateški pristop Komisije torej pomeni, da se postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev redko osredotočajo na posamezne zadeve, temveč na sistemske in strukturne pomanjkljivosti, ki vplivajo na veliko število oseb ali podjetij v določeni državi članici ali v vsej Uniji. | The primary purpose of the infringement procedure is to ensure that the Member States give effect to EU law in the general interest, not to provide individual redress. So the Commission’s strategic approach means that infringement procedures rarely focus on individual matters, but rather on systemic and structural issues affecting a large number of persons or businesses in a given Member State or across the Union. |
| Obravnavanje številnih primerov napačne uporabe v enem postopku za ugotavljanje kršitev | Na področju okolja je Komisija nekdaj začela posamezno zadevo za posamezno neskladno odlagališče odpadkov ali posamezno aglomeracijo, ki ni bila v skladu z zakonodajo o komunalni odpadni vodi. Zdaj se osredotoča na sistemske zadeve in včasih v eni zadevi na področju čiščenja komunalne odpadne vode obravnava na stotine aglomeracij ali na desetine odlagališč v zadevah o odpadkih. To je veliko učinkovitejše, saj se lahko z enim samim postopkom za ugotavljanje kršitev doseže skladnost vseh regij v državi članici. | Obravnavanje vprašanj o splošnih načelih, izpostavljenih v pritožbi | Pravica do svobode združevanja, zapisana v Listini, je ena od bistvenih temeljev demokratične in pluralistične družbe. V zvezi s tem je Sodišče v postopku za ugotavljanje kršitev, ki ga je začela Komisija na podlagi pritožbe, razsodilo, da nacionalna zakonodaja ene države članice ovira prosti pretok kapitala ter temeljni pravici do varstva osebnih podatkov in svobode združevanja. | Addressing many individual misapplications in one infringement procedure | In the environment field, the Commission used to open individual cases for a single non-compliant landfill, or one agglomeration that was non-compliant with urban waste water legislation. It now focuses on systemic cases, tackling sometimes hundreds of agglomerations in one urban waste water treatment case or dozens of landfills in waste cases. These are much more efficient in bringing all regions in a Member State towards compliance by means of a single infringement procedure. | Pursuing issues of general principle raised by a complaint | The right to freedom of association, enshrined in the Charter, constitutes one of the essential bases of a democratic and pluralistic society. In this regard, in an infringement procedure initiated by the Commission and informed by a complaint, the Court of Justice ruled that national legislation of one Member State impeded the free movement of capital and the fundamental rights to protection of personal data and freedom of association. |
| Posamične primere morebitne nepravilne uporabe prava EU, v katerih ne gre za vprašanja o splošnih načelih (kot je nepravilen prenos direktive ali oviranje postopka predhodnega odločanja) in ni dokazov, da gre za splošno prakso ali sistemske pomanjkljivosti, učinkoviteje obravnavajo pritožbeni organi, ki so bližje tistim, ki jih kršitev zadeva, saj lahko zagotovijo hitre in neposredne rešitve. Poleg tega, da je preiskovanje takih primerov na terenu težavno in da je postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev na ravni EU dolgotrajen, je sodba Sodišča naslovljena na državo članico in lahko posameznikov problem obravnava zgolj posredno. Sodišče ne more naložiti državi članici, naj plača odškodnino posamezniku, ki je oškodovan zaradi kršitve prava Unije. Če želijo pritožniki doseči odškodnino ali razveljavitev nacionalnega ukrepa, se morajo še vedno obrniti na nacionalno sodišče. | Isolated instances of possible wrongful application of EU law, which do not raise general issues of principle (such as the incorrect transposition of a directive or impeding the procedure for preliminary rulings), lacking evidence of a general practice or of systemic shortcomings, are dealt with more effectively by redress bodies closer to those affected by the infringement. These can offer swift and direct solutions. Apart from the difficulty of investigating such instances on the ground and the length of an infringement procedure at EU level, a judgment by the Court of Justice is addressed to a Member State and can only indirectly address an individual’s problem. The Court of Justice cannot order the Member State to pay damages to an individual adversely affected by an infringement of EU law. To seek compensation or have a national measure annulled, complainants must still take their case to a national court. |
| Komisija vsako leto prejme približno 4 000 pritožb 78 . Prejema tudi številne peticije v zvezi s pravom EU, ki jih posreduje Odbor Evropskega parlamenta za peticije. Čeprav Komisija ne prouči vsake možne napačne uporabe prava EU, pritožbe, pisna vprašanja in peticije še naprej ceni kot vir informacij v širših zadevah, povezanih s sistemskimi ali strukturnimi kršitvami prava EU v državah članicah. | The Commission receives about 4 000 complaints each year 78 . It also receives many petitions relating to EU law, forwarded by the Petitions Committee of the European Parliament. Even if the Commission does not investigate every single possible misapplication of EU law, it continues to value complaints, written questions and petitions as a source of information in broader cases related to systemic or structural breaches of EU law in Member States. |
| Ta strateški pristop zahteva, da nacionalna pravila prek neodvisnega in učinkovitega pravosodnega sistema zagotavljajo učinkovita pravna sredstva za primere kršitve prava EU. Zato se Komisija osredotoča zlasti na kršitve, ki vplivajo na zmožnost nacionalnih pravosodnih sistemov, da prispevajo k učinkoviti uporabi prava EU. Hkrati Komisija svoja prizadevanja za izvrševanje osredotoča tudi na zagotavljanje, da so nacionalni in regulativni organi pooblaščeni za zagotavljanje učinkovitih pravnih sredstev, da imajo za to dovolj pooblastil in virov ter da so v nacionalnih ukrepih za izvajanje prava EU določene ustrezne kazni za kršitve prava EU. | This strategic approach requires that national rules provide effective redress procedures for a breach of EU law, through an independent and efficient judicial system. This is why the Commission gives particular priority to infringements that affect the capacity of national judicial systems to contribute to the effective application of EU law. In parallel, the Commission also focuses its enforcement efforts on ensuring that national authorities and regulatory bodies are equipped to provide effective redress, in terms of powers and resources, and that national measures implementing EU law provide for appropriate penalties for breaches of EU law. |
| Cilj Komisije je zagotoviti, da države članice čim prej dosežejo skladnost s pravom EU. Komisija pozdravlja dejstvo, da se večina kršitev reši v zgodnji fazi postopka 79 – več kot 90 % zadev v zvezi s kršitvami se reši, preden se predložijo Sodišču. Z odpravljanjem kršitev, ne da bi bilo treba zadevo predložiti Sodišču, zagotavlja hitrejšo skladnost ter prihrani čas in denar. Države članice morajo storiti vse, kar je v njihovi moči, da bi čim prej izpolnile sodbo Sodišča. Če pa država članica kljub sodbi Sodišča ne odpravi kršitve, lahko Komisija zadevo vrne v razsojanje Sodišču in zahteva, naj državi članici naloži denarne kazni 80 . | The Commission’s objective is to make sure that Member States comply with EU law as soon as possible. It welcomes the fact that the majority of infringements are resolved in an early stage of the procedure 79 – over 90% of infringement cases are settled before being referred to the Court of Justice. Resolving issues without having to bring the matter before the Court of Justice ensures earlier compliance and saves time and money. Member States are required to make every effort to comply with the Court’s ruling as soon as possible. However, if despite the Court’s ruling, the Member State still does not rectify the breach, the Commission may refer the case back to the Court of Justice and ask for financial penalties to be imposed on the Member State 80 . |
| Učinkovito ukrepanje za odpravljanje kršitev | Pravo EU o onesnaženosti zraka je področje, na katerem lahko zagotavljanje skladnosti povzroči visoke ekonomske stroške, neskladnost s pravom EU pa terja življenja in povzroča hude bolezni. To je privedlo do velikega števila postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev. Komisija je do julija 2022 začela 28 postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev v zvezi z neuporabo direktive o kakovosti zunanjega zraka 81 v 18 državah članicah. Sodišču je bilo predloženih 15 zadev, od teh pa se jih je 10 zaključilo s sodbo. Ena od teh zadev pomeni drugo predložitev zadeve Sodišču, tako da lahko privede do glob. Ta prizadevanja za izvrševanje so bila ključna za to, da se je število območij kakovosti zraka, v katerih so presežene zakonske mejne vrednosti za lebdeče delce, z 91 v letu 2019 zmanjšalo na 55 v letu 2021 82 , število območij s presežnim dušikovim dioksidom pa z 68 na 23 v letu 2021. To pomeni, da lahko ljudje v več mestih po Evropi zdaj uživajo čistejši zrak. Uporaba zakonodaje EU o kakovosti zraka je prispevala k temu, da se je število prezgodnjih smrti, povezanih z onesnaženostjo zraka, od leta 2005 zmanjšalo za tretjino, s čimer je bilo rešenih več kot 150 000 življenj 83 . | Komisija posebno pozornost namenja varstvu evropskih gozdov, saj shranjujejo znatne zaloge ogljika, ki ga odstranjujejo iz ozračja, ter so bistveni za biotsko raznovrstnost in zagotavljanje ključnih ekosistemskih storitev. Kadar države članice sistematično niso preprečile poslabšanja stanja gozdnih habitatov, do katerega je prišlo zaradi nezakonite sečnje ali nepravilnih praks gospodarjenja z gozdovi, je Komisija začela postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev ter pri tem za dokazovanje poslabšanja stanja gozdnih habitatov uporabila satelitske posnetke. Proti štirim državam članicam poteka več postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev, Sodišče pa je o eni od teh zadev že izdalo sodbo. V podobnih postopkih, ki so potekali pred Sodiščem v zvezi z varstvom gozdov, se je Komisija sklicevala na člen 279 PDEU in Sodišču predlagala, naj sprejme začasne ukrepe za preprečitev nepopravljive škode našim gozdovom. Sodišče je nato zadevni državi članici naložilo, naj preneha dejavnosti aktivnega gospodarjenja z gozdovi in odstranjevanje večstoletnih odmrlih smrek, da bi zaščitilo gozdne habitate, sicer bo naložilo dnevne globe do izpolnitve odločbe. | Za zaščito evropskih podjetij pred ovirami pri dostopu do javnih naročil Komisija uporablja vsa razpoložljiva sredstva. To vključuje zagotavljanje pravilnega izvrševanja obstoječih pravil, ki preprečujejo neposredno oddajanje naročil, in odpravo omejitev za sklepanje pogodb s podizvajalci, kar je ključno za to, da lahko MSP sodelujejo v razpisnih postopkih, tako čezmejno kot na nacionalni ravni. | Na področju storitev je Komisija začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev proti desetim državam članicam zaradi uvedbe omejitev pri določenih storitvah, ki jih opravljajo zlasti arhitekti, inženirji, računovodje, davčni svetovalci in odvetniki, ter storitve, ki se opravljajo v gradbeništvu in stavbnem sektorju. Te omejitve so takšnim družbam oteževale čezmejno poslovanje in širitev. Zato ljudje in podjetja niso mogli izkoristiti najbolj konkurenčnih in inovativnih storitev, ki so na voljo na trgu EU. Po teh postopkih za ugotavljanje kršitev so države članice spremenile svojo zakonodajo. | Evropski potrošniki se ne bi smeli soočati z ovirami ali težavami pri čezmejnem dostopu do blaga in storitev prek spleta, ne glede na njihovo lokacijo, prebivališče ali državljanstvo. Komisija je podprla države članice pri uporabi uredbe o geografskem blokiranju 84 , ki potrošnike, ki kupujejo prek spleta, pri dostopu do spletnih strani za e-trgovanje ščiti pred diskriminacijo na podlagi državljanstva, prebivališča ali sedeža. Vendar morajo države članice med drugim določiti, kako se pravila izvršujejo in kdo jih izvršuje. V zvezi s tem je Komisija leta 2019 začela postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev proti devetim državam članicam. Do leta 2021 so vse države članice imenovale pristojne organe in s tem izpolnile svoje obveznosti. To je na primer pripomoglo k pripravi vseevropske preiskave pomembnega spletnega iskalnika zaradi neupravičenih praks geografskega blokiranja 85 . | Da bi zagotovila spoštovanje načela pravne države oziroma, natančneje, da bi zaščitila neodvisnost sodstva in učinkovito sodno varstvo, ki ga zagotavljajo neodvisna nacionalna sodišča, je Komisija ukrepala proti eni državi članici, ker je sprejela zakonodajo, s katero je znižala upokojitveno starost sodnikov, hkrati pa izvršilni veji oblasti podelila popolnoma diskrecijsko pravico do podaljšanja aktivnih mandatov, zaradi česar se je več aktivnih sodnikov prisilno upokojilo. Komisija je zadevo predložila Sodišču, ki je potrdilo kršitev prava EU. Posledično je država članica svoja pravila o upokojitvi sodnikov razveljavila in ponovno zaposlila sodnike, ki so se morali upokojiti. | Po prejemu pritožb, da se pravila o merjenju in obračunavanju toplote in tople vode v gospodinjstvih, ki naj bi temeljila na direktivi o energetski učinkovitosti 86 , niso uvedla, je Komisija začela postopek za ugotavljanje kršitev. Ker zadevna država članica direktive ni prenesla, se je Komisija odločila, da zadevo predloži Sodišču. Potem ko je Sodišče izdalo sodbo, je država članica sprejela potrebno zakonodajo. Ljudje, ki živijo v večstanovanjskih stavbah, imajo zdaj pravico do namestitve individualnih števcev za toploto in toplo vodo, da lahko spremljajo svojo porabo energije in sprejmejo ukrepe za zmanjšanje porabe. | Effective infringement action | EU law on air pollution is an area in which ensuring compliance may have a high economic cost, but where failure to comply with EU law costs lives and causes grave illness. It has resulted in a high number of infringement procedures. By July 2022, the Commission had initiated 28 infringement cases concerning failure by 18 Member States to apply the Ambient Air Quality Directive 81 . 15 cases have been referred to the Court of Justice, and 10 of these have resulted in a ruling. One of these cases constitutes a second referral to the Court, so it may lead to fines. These enforcement efforts have been instrumental in driving down the number of air quality zones exceeding the legal limits for particulate matters from 91 in 2019 to 55 in 2021 82 , and the number of zones with excess nitrogen dioxide from 68 to 23 in 2021. This means that people in several cities across Europe can now enjoy cleaner air. Applying EU air quality legislation has helped to drive a drop in premature deaths linked to air pollution by one third since 2005, with over 150 000 lives saved as a result 83 . | The Commission pays particular attention to the protection of European forests, as they store significant carbon stocks, they remove carbon from the atmosphere and they are of paramount importance for biodiversity and the provision of critical ecosystem services. When Member States systemically failed to avoid deterioration of forest habitats from illegal logging or irregular forest management practices, the Commission has initiated infringement action, using satellite images as a means to demonstrate the deterioration of forest habitats. Several infringement procedures are on-going against four Member States, with a ruling already issued by the Court of Justice in one of these cases. In similar Court proceedings relating to the protection of forests, the Commission invoked Article 279 of the TFEU, asking the Court to impose interim measures to avoid irremediable damage to our forests. The Court of Justice subsequently ordered the Member State concerned to cease active forest management operations and the removal of centuries-old dead spruces in order to protect forest habitats, or it would otherwise impose a daily fine until the order was complied with. | The Commission uses every means at its disposal to protect European businesses against barriers to accessing public procurement. This includes ensuring a proper enforcement of the existing rules to avoid abuse of direct awards or the removal of restrictions to subcontracting, which are key to allowing SMEs to participate in tender procedures, both across borders and at national level. | In the area of services, the Commission launched infringement procedures against ten Member States for imposing restrictions on certain services provided in particular by architects, engineers, accountants and tax advisers, lawyers and in the construction and building sector. These restrictions made it difficult for such companies to operate cross-border and scale up. Consequently, people and businesses were unable to benefit from the most competitive and innovative services available on the EU market. Following those infringement procedures, Member States amended their legislation. | European consumers should face no barriers or friction in accessing goods and services online across borders, regardless of their location, residence, or nationality. The Commission has supported Member States in applying the Geo-blocking Regulation 84 , which protects consumer access to e-commerce websites against discrimination on the basis of nationality, place of residence or place of establishment for customers shopping online. But Member States’ responsibilities include the requirement to set out how and by whom the rules would be enforced. In this context, in 2019, the Commission launched infringement procedures against nine Member States. By 2021, all Member States had fulfilled their obligations, with competent authorities appointed across all Member States. This helped, for example, to prepare an EU-wide investigation into a prominent online search engine over unjustified geo-blocking practices 85 . | To uphold the rule of law, and more specifically to protect judicial independence and ensure the effective judicial protection by independent national courts, the Commission took action against one Member State because it had adopted legislation that lowered the retirement age of judges, combined with an entirely discretionary power of the executive to prolong active mandates, forcing a number of judges in active duty into retirement. The Commission brought the case before the Court of Justice, which confirmed the breach of EU law. As a result, the Member State repealed its retirement rules for judges and reinstated the judges that had been forced to retire. | Following the receipt of complaints pointing to a lack of implementation of the metering and billing rules for heat and hot water in households under the Energy Efficiency Directive 86 , the Commission opened an infringement procedure. Since the directive had not been transposed in the Member State concerned, the Commission decided to refer the case to the Court of Justice. After the Court issued its ruling, the Member State adopted the necessary legislation. People living in multi-apartment buildings now have the right to have heat and hot water meters installed individually, so that they can monitor their individual energy consumption and take measures to reduce consumption. |
| Komisija začne postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev na lastno pobudo, kot ukrepanje na podlagi pritožbe ali samodejno vsaka dva meseca, in sicer so to zadeve zaradi nesporočanja, ki se sprožijo s priznanjem držav članic, da direktiv EU do roka niso v celoti prenesle. Primere poznega prenosa direktiv v nacionalno zakonodajo Komisija še naprej obravnava prednostno, saj te zamude preprečujejo, da bi se uresničile koristi dogovorjenih pravil EU. Sčasoma se je število primerov, kjer države članice zamudijo rok za prenos direktiv, zmanjšalo, zato se je na splošno zmanjšalo tudi število postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev 87 . | The Commission opens infringement procedures either on its own initiative, as a follow-up to a complaint or automatically every two months, namely non-communication cases triggered by a self-declared failure by Member States to transpose EU directives fully by the deadline. Pursuing cases of late transposition of directives into national law has been and remains a priority for the Commission, since these delays prevent the benefits of agreed EU rules from materialising. Over time, there have been less cases of Member States missing the deadline to transpose directives, leading to an overall decrease of infringement procedures 87 . |
| V zadnjih letih se je povečal delež postopkov, začetih na podlagi preiskav, ki jih izvede Komisija 88 . Ti postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev, začeti na podlagi lastne pobude, so Komisiji omogočili, da je nadaljevala svoj strateški pristop k izvrševanju, in sicer z obravnavanjem prednostnih primerov, kakor jih je opredelila v sporočilu iz leta 2016, vključno z nepravilnim prenosom direktiv, ter hitrim in odločnim ukrepanjem proti kršitvam, ki ovirajo temeljne svoboščine in vrednote EU. | In recent years, a larger proportion of cases are opened following the Commission’s own investigations 88 . These own-initiative infringement cases have made it possible for the Commission to further its strategic approach to enforcement, pursuing priority cases as set out in the 2016 Communication, including the incorrect transposition of directives and acting swiftly and firmly on infringements which obstruct fundamental freedoms and values of the EU. |
| | VII.FAST AND EFFECTIVE REACTION TO CRISES |
| VII.HITRO IN UČINKOVITO ODZIVANJE NA KRIZE | Crises or emergency situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, put the Member States’ full compliance with the EU’s four fundamental freedoms and the functioning of the single market to the test. Under difficult circumstances, there may be a temptation to favour domestic considerations over the proper application of EU law. However, the effective enforcement of EU law remains key for people and businesses to ensure that they can continue to enjoy the protection and legal certainty offered by EU law, and that essential goods and services are delivered where they are most needed. |
| Zaradi kriz ali izrednih razmer, kakršni sta pandemija COVID-19 in ruska vojna agresija proti Ukrajini, je na preizkušnji popolna skladnost držav članic s štirimi temeljnimi svoboščinami EU in delovanjem enotnega trga. V težkih okoliščinah lahko pride do skušnjave, da se da prednost domačim vidikom, ne pa pravilni uporabi prava EU. Vendar učinkovito izvrševanje prava EU ostaja ključno za to, da lahko ljudje in podjetja še naprej uživajo zaščito in pravno varnost, ki ju zagotavlja pravo EU, ter da se osnovno blago dobavi in storitve izvajajo, kjer so največje potrebe. | Recent crises have shown both the need for and the ability of the EU to adapt. The Commission has used a wide variety of steps to help Member States and the public adapt to changing circumstances, from proposing new legislation to amend rules, to guidance, financial support, coordination among relevant authorities and specific dialogues. Infringement procedures have also been used where necessary. This comprehensive approach has helped to ensure that EU law continues to apply during a crisis. This in turn has contributed to a widespread sense that the EU has been able to react to these crises more effectively together than would have been possible through national responses alone. |
| Nedavne krize so pokazale, da se EU mora in zmore prilagoditi. Komisija je za pomoč državam članicam in javnosti pri prilagajanju spreminjajočim se razmeram uporabila najrazličnejše ukrepe, od predlaganja nove zakonodaje za spremembo pravil do smernic, finančne podpore, usklajevanja med ustreznimi organi in posebnih dialogov. Po potrebi so bili uporabljeni tudi postopki za ugotavljanje kršitev. Ta celovit pristop je pomagal zagotoviti, da se pravo EU med krizo še naprej uporablja. To pa je posledično prispevalo k splošnemu občutku, da se je EU na te krize lahko skupno odzvala učinkoviteje, kot bi bilo mogoče samo z nacionalnimi odzivi. | Some EU rules already have a significant inbuilt flexibility that was put to good use in the crisis, such as the general escape clause in the Stability and Growth Pact or the action taken under the Temporary Protection Directive 89 . The Commission has adopted Temporary Frameworks 90 to enable Member States to use the flexibility in State aid rules to support the economy. The Commission made proposals to apply specific derogations from rules about company meetings, as well as adjusting time limits in areas such as tax returns. In other cases, guidelines brought clarity to the existing rules, such as those for the ‘Green Lanes’ initiative to ensure the continued flow of goods in the single market and to enable the free movement of critical workers during the pandemic, or to help with the recognition of diplomas held by people fleeing Ukraine. Specific measures also helped to show Member States that there were clear alternatives to national solutions: the EU Digital COVID Certificate preserved free movement of persons by giving national authorities a means to check the status of all certificate holders moving around the EU. By the end of 2021, Member States had issued more than 1 billion certificates. These measures all preserved the integrity of EU law, while allowing essential flexibility. |
| Nekatera pravila EU že vsebujejo precejšnjo prožnost, ki je bila med krizo dobro izkoriščena, kot so na primer splošna odstopna klavzula, določena v Paktu za stabilnost in rast, in ukrepi, sprejeti na podlagi direktive o začasni zaščiti 89 . Komisija je sprejela začasne okvire 90 , ki državam članicam omogočajo, da za podporo gospodarstvu uporabijo prožnost pravil o državni pomoči. Poleg tega je predlagala uporabo posebnih odstopanj od pravil o skupščinah podjetij ter prilagoditev rokov na področjih, kot so davčne napovedi. V drugih primerih je s smernicami razjasnila obstoječa pravila, na primer pravila za pobudo „zeleni vozni pasovi“, da bi zagotovila stalen pretok blaga na enotnem trgu, omogočila prosto gibanje kritičnih delavcev med pandemijo ali pomagala pri priznavanju diplom ljudem, ki bežijo iz Ukrajine. Posebni ukrepi so državam članicam tudi pomagali uvideti, da obstajajo jasne alternative nacionalnim rešitvam: z digitalnim COVID potrdilom EU se je ohranilo prosto gibanje oseb, saj so nacionalni organi dobili sredstvo za preverjanje statusa vseh imetnikov potrdil, ki se gibljejo po EU. Do konca leta 2021 so države članice izdale več kot milijardo potrdil. Vsi ti ukrepi so ohranili celovitost prava EU, hkrati pa omogočili nujno potrebno prožnost. | There were nevertheless cases where Member States sought to override EU rules. For example, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic some Member States unilaterally introduced export restrictions on medicines or protective equipment, or took steps to favour domestic producers or service providers in sectors such as food and travel. The Commission stayed vigilant in the face of these threats to the single market and many protectionist measures set up by Member States in the first months of the pandemic were relatively swiftly repealed. The Commission also took infringement action against national protectionist measures in the wake of the invasion of Ukraine, such as export bans in several economic sectors, for example on cereals and construction materials, or applying discriminatory fuel pricing against vehicles with foreign licence plates. |
| Kljub temu so države članice v nekaterih primerih poskušale s svojimi pravili prevladati nad pravili EU. Na začetku pandemije COVID-19 so na primer nekatere države članice enostransko uvedle omejitve izvoza zdravil ali zaščitne opreme ali sprejele ukrepe za prednostno obravnavo domačih proizvajalce ali ponudnikov storitev v sektorjih, kakršna sta živilski sektor in sektor potovanj. Komisija je budno spremljala te grožnje enotnemu trgu in številni protekcionistični ukrepi, ki so jih države članice sprejele v prvih mesecih pandemije, so bili razmeroma hitro razveljavljeni. Komisija je postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev začela tudi proti nacionalnim protekcionističnim ukrepom, sprejetim po invaziji na Ukrajino, kot so prepovedi izvoza v več gospodarskih sektorjih, na primer žita in gradbenega materiala, ali diskriminatorno oblikovanje cen goriva za vozila s tujimi registrskimi tablicami. | Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Commission adopted measures to facilitate transport, transit, and exchanges with Ukraine, including an ‘action plan for EU-Ukraine Solidarity Lanes to facilitate Ukraine’s agricultural export and bilateral trade with the EU’ 91 , and thus to mitigate the effect of this crisis on the transport of goods. The Commission suspended import duties for one year on all Ukrainian exports to the European Union. It also took steps to strengthen the implementation and enforcement of sanctions against listed Russian and Belarussian persons and entities. The Commission issued a number of guidance documents on the interpretation of sanctions, providing Member States with clarifications to new questions and continued support to ensure correct enforcement. |
| Po ruski invaziji na Ukrajino je Komisija sprejela ukrepe za olajšanje prevoza, tranzita in izmenjav z Ukrajino, vključno z „akcijskim načrtom za solidarnostne pasove med EU in Ukrajino za lažji izvoz kmetijskih proizvodov Ukrajine in lažjo dvostransko trgovino Ukrajine z EU“ 91 , s čimer je ublažila učinek te krize na prevoz blaga. Komisija je za ves ukrajinski izvoz v Evropsko unijo začasno za eno leto opustila uvozne dajatve. Sprejela je tudi ukrepe za okrepitev izvajanja in izvrševanja sankcij proti ruskim in beloruskim osebam in subjektom, uvrščenim na seznam. Komisija je izdala več smernic o razlagi sankcij, s katerimi je državam članicam pojasnila nova vprašanja in jim zagotovila nadaljnjo podporo za pravilno izvrševanje. | The Commission activated emergency tools under EU law to mitigate the impact of the energy crisis. On a proposal from the Commission, the co-legislators adopted rules to ensure the filling of gas storages 92 so that sufficient gas is available during the 2022 winter season, which has a direct impact on people and businesses. The Commission also swiftly proposed new rules on coordinated demand-reduction measures for gas 93 , and on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices 94 . These emergency interventions represent a further step in the Commission's work to ensure that the EU legal framework provides a robust and efficient response to crisis situations. |
| Aktivirala je orodja za izredne razmere na podlagi prava EU, da bi ublažila posledice energetske krize. Na njen predlog sta sozakonodajalca sprejela pravila za zagotovitev polnjenja skladišč plina 92 , da bo v zimski sezoni 2022 na voljo dovolj plina, kar ima neposreden vpliv na ljudi in podjetja. Komisija je prav tako hitro predlagala nova pravila o usklajenih ukrepih za zmanjšanje povpraševanja po plinu 93 in o nujnem posredovanju za obravnavo visokih cen energije 94 . Ta nujna posredovanja pomenijo nadaljnji korak v prizadevanjih Komisije za zagotovitev, da pravni okvir EU zagotavlja zanesljiv in učinkovit odziv na krizne razmere. | The Commission is also drawing lessons and looking at how EU rules need to have inbuilt flexibility and coordination mechanisms, so that if crisis strikes, action can take place within a predetermined legal framework. Based on the experience gained as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Commission adopted a contingency plan for transport 95 , which provides a toolbox for dealing with any type of transport crisis and notably ensures that EU legislation is amended and enforced to respond appropriately to such events if and when they occur. Similarly, in its December 2021 proposal to amend the Schengen Borders Code 96 , the Commission introduced a coordination mechanism to deal with health threats at external borders and a new Schengen safeguard mechanism to provide a common response at the internal borders in situations of threats affecting Member States. Under the European Health Union, the Commission also created the European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), to boost Europe’s ability to prevent and rapidly respond to cross-border health emergencies, and to strengthen the implementation of emergency measures. Furthermore, the Single Market Emergency Instrument 97 will allow for swift reactions in crisis situations in order to maintain the circulation of goods and people, and to safeguard the access to vital supplies and services. |
| Komisija se poleg tega uči in proučuje, kako bi morala pravila EU vsebovati mehanizme prožnosti in usklajevanja, da bi v primeru kriz lahko ukrepali znotraj vnaprej določenega pravnega okvira. Na podlagi izkušenj, pridobljenih zaradi pandemije COVID-19, je sprejela krizni načrt za promet 95 , ki nudi nabor orodij za obravnavo vseh vrst prometnih kriz ter zlasti zagotavlja, da se zakonodaja EU spremeni in izvršuje za ustrezen odziv na take dogodke, če in ko se zgodijo. Podobno je Komisija v predlogu za spremembo zakonika o schengenskih mejah iz decembra 2021 96 uvedla usklajevalni mehanizem za obravnavanje groženj za zdravje na zunanjih mejah in nov schengenski zaščitni mehanizem za zagotavljanje skupnega odziva na notranjih mejah v primerih groženj, ki vplivajo na države članice. Komisija je ob tem v okviru evropske zdravstvene unije ustanovila Evropski organ za pripravljenost in odzivanje na izredne zdravstvene razmere (HERA), da bi okrepila sposobnost Evrope za preprečevanje čezmejnih izrednih zdravstvenih razmer in hitro odzivanje nanje ter okrepila izvajanje nujnih ukrepov. Poleg tega bo instrument enotnega trga za izredne razmere 97 omogočil hitro odzivanje v kriznih razmerah, da se ohrani pretok blaga in ljudi ter zagotovi dostop do bistvenih potrebščin in storitev. | Using the varied enforcement toolbox in a crisis | The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruption to the travel industry and several Member States felt a need to respond. National measures which saw people whose holidays had been cancelled receive only travel vouchers or long postponed reimbursements were not in line with travellers’ rights to reimbursement under EU law. As a first step, the Commission provided early guidance on the application of EU passenger rights legislation 98 and issued a Recommendation on vouchers offered as an alternative to reimbursement for cancelled travel, also highlighting how Member States could support the financial liquidity of transport operators 99 . It also worked with the Consumer Protection Cooperation 100 enforcement authorities on dialogues with airlines. As a result, in 2022, 16 major European airlines agreed on a response that included the reimbursement of over 500 000 flight vouchers which had been imposed on consumers whose flights had been cancelled during the pandemic. The Commission also launched infringement proceedings against Member States that had enacted rules contravening the EU Passenger Rights Regulation 101 or the Package Travel Directive 102 . The vast majority of them swiftly brought their practice in line with EU law and only one case needed to be referred to the Court of Justice. |
| Uporaba različnih orodij za izvrševanje v krizi | Pandemija COVID-19 je povzročila resne motnje v potovalni industriji in več držav članic je menilo, da morajo ukrepati. Nacionalni ukrepi, na podlagi katerih so ljudje v primeru, da so bile njihove počitnice odpovedane, prejeli samo potovalne kupone ali dolgo odložena povračila, niso bili v skladu s pravico potnikov do povračila stroškov, določeno v pravu EU. Kot prvi korak je Komisija zgodaj zagotovila smernice o uporabi zakonodaje EU o pravicah potnikov 98 in izdala priporočilo o dobropisih, ki se ponudijo kot druga možnost namesto povračila za odpovedana potovanja, pri čemer je poudarila tudi, kako bi lahko države članice podprle finančno likvidnost prevoznikov 99 . Sodelovala je tudi z izvršilnimi organi, ki sodelujejo na področju varstva potrošnikov 100 , pri dialogih z letalskimi prevozniki. Leta 2022 se je zato 16 večjih evropskih letalskih prevoznikov dogovorilo, da v svoj odziv vključijo tudi povračilo za več kot 500 000 kuponov, ki so jih vsilili potrošnikom kot nadomestilo za lete, odpovedane med pandemijo. Komisija je začela tudi postopke za ugotavljanje kršitev proti državam članicam, ki so sprejele pravila v nasprotju z uredbo EU o pravicah potnikov 101 ali direktivo o paketnih potovanjih 102 . Velika večina je svojo prakso hitro uskladila s pravom EU; samo eno zadevo je bilo treba predložiti Sodišču. | VIII.CONCLUSION |
| VIII.ZAKLJUČEK | The enforcement of EU law is and will remain one of the Commission’s core priorities. This Communication has set out the wide and diverse range of measures taken by the Commission to enforce EU law, always in line with our ultimate objective: to drive positive change and ensure that people and businesses enjoy the full benefits of EU law. There can be many triggers for lack of or incorrect implementation, and the Commission has developed a varied toolbox to respond. |
| Izvrševanje prava EU je in bo tudi v prihodnje ena glavnih prednostnih nalog Komisije. V tem sporočilu je opisan širok in raznolik nabor ukrepov, ki jih je Komisija sprejela za izvrševanje prava EU, pri čemer je vedno ravnala v skladu z našim končnim ciljem: spodbujati pozitivne spremembe ter zagotoviti, da bodo ljudje in podjetja v uživali vse koristi prava EU. Vzrokov za pomanjkljivo ali nepravilno izvajanje je lahko veliko, zato je Komisija razvila raznolik nabor orodij za odzivanje. | A comprehensive, smart and strategic approach to enforcement has brought direct benefits – from cleaner air, higher water quality standards, safer transport, and better consumer protection, to the upholding of the EU’s fundamental rights and freedoms. In all these instances, working with Member States is key: the implementation and application of EU law is the result of a combined effort, and compliance is dependent on Member States taking the necessary steps to avoid and promptly correct any breach, including through an effective national justice system with independent courts. |
| Celovit, pameten in strateški pristop k izvrševanju je prinesel neposredne koristi – od čistejšega zraka, višjih standardov kakovosti vode, varnejšega prometa in boljšega varstva potrošnikov do spoštovanja temeljnih pravic in svoboščin EU. V vseh teh primerih je ključno sodelovanje z državami članicami: izvajanje in uporaba prava EU sta rezultat skupnih prizadevanj, skladnost pa je odvisna od tega, ali države članice sprejmejo potrebne ukrepe za preprečitev in takojšnjo odpravo vseh kršitev, tudi prek učinkovitega nacionalnega pravosodnega sistema z neodvisnimi sodišči. | Enforcement of EU law is not a one-off event but requires a steady and sustained effort by the Commission and the Member States, to ensure the consistent and effective application of EU rules and to prevent potential problems. Our fast-paced international environment, unexpected crises and new enforcement challenges require the Commission to continuously assess ways to further improve the implementation and application of our commonly agreed rules. A stocktaking exercise is currently under way within the Commission and with Member States to ensure that the right enforcement tools are available to make EU law work in practice 103 . In particular, this exercise evaluates whether the current way of managing complaints, EU Pilot processes and infringements continue to be fit for purpose. A number of improvements to enforcement activities are already under consideration as part of this analysis. |
| Izvrševanje prava EU ni enkraten dogodek, temveč so zanj potrebna stalna in trajna prizadevanja Komisije in držav članic za zagotavljanje dosledne in učinkovite uporabe pravil EU in preprečevanje morebitnih težav. Zaradi hitro spreminjajočega se mednarodnega okolja, nepričakovanih kriz in novih izzivov pri izvrševanju mora Komisija stalno ocenjevati, kako bi lahko nadalje izboljšali izvajanje in uporabo naših skupno dogovorjenih pravil. Komisija in države članice trenutno opravljajo pregled stanja, da bi zagotovile razpoložljivost ustreznih orodij za izvrševanje za učinkovitost zakonodaje EU v praksi 103 . Pri tem ocenjujejo zlasti, ali sedanji način upravljanja pritožb, postopkov EU Pilot in kršitev še ustreza svojemu namenu. V okviru te analize se že proučujejo številne izboljšave dejavnosti za izvrševanje. | Over time, the number of new directives has declined, while there is an increasing use of regulations as a legislative tool. The Commission has a well-established system of monitoring and enforcing the swift and correct transposition of directives. The implementation and enforcement of regulations is equally important – and although regulations have direct effect, this often relies on the work of national authorities. Some regulations require changes in national legislation, and many give to national agencies or regulators responsibilities essential to put the legislation into practice. The Commission will therefore step up its efforts to monitor and enforce the implementation and application of regulations in a more systematic and strategic manner. |
| Sčasoma se je število novih direktiv zmanjšalo, kot zakonodajno orodje pa se čedalje pogosteje uporabljajo uredbe. Komisija ima dobro uveljavljen sistem za spremljanje in zagotavljanje pravilnega prenosa direktiv. Izvajanje in izvrševanje uredb sta enako pomembna – čeprav imajo uredbe neposredni učinek, je ta pogosto odvisen od dela nacionalnih organov. Nekatere uredbe zahtevajo spremembe nacionalne zakonodaje in mnoge nacionalnim agencijam ali regulatorjem nalagajo odgovornosti, ki so bistvene za uporabo zakonodaje v praksi. Komisija bo zato okrepila svoja prizadevanja za bolj sistematično in strateško spremljanje in izvrševanje izvajanja in uporabe uredb. | The Commission attaches great importance to transparency. It helps the wider public engage in the shared responsibility of enforcement and promotes faster compliance by Member States. This is why the Commission has gradually increased the information made public concerning its enforcement activities. An annual report on monitoring the application of EU law 104 sets out key trends, details the cooperation with Member States and explains major infringement decisions. A public register on infringement cases 105 provides up-to-date information on the last step taken in each case. The Commission publishes press releases on all infringement decisions taken, with additional information on the most important decisions. However, the public and civil society have identified a number of areas with potential for more transparency, such as the pre-infringement (EU Pilot) process, overviews of cases and up-to-date statistics on the Commission’s enforcement action. The Commission will continue to improve and increase the information made publicly available, in a systematic and easily accessible manner. The stocktaking exercise will look more precisely at what additional information should be made public and through which means, in close cooperation with Member States. |
| Komisija pripisuje velik pomen preglednosti. Ta namreč širši javnosti pomaga, da je dejavna v soodgovornosti za izvrševanje, države članice pa spodbuja k hitrejšemu doseganju skladnosti. Zato Komisija postopoma objavlja več informacij o svojih dejavnostih za izvrševanje. Letno poročilo o spremljanju uporabe prava EU 104 predstavlja ključne trende, podrobno opisuje sodelovanje z državami članicami in pojasnjuje pomembnejše odločitve o kršitvah. Javni register zadev o kršitvah 105 vsebuje najnovejše informacije o zadnjem koraku v vsaki zadevi. Komisija objavlja sporočila za javnost o vseh sprejetih odločitvah o kršitvah ter dodatne informacije o najpomembnejših odločitvah. Vendar sta javnost in civilna družba opredelili številna področja, na katerih bi bila lahko preglednost večja, primer tega so postopek pred ugotavljanjem kršitev (EU Pilot), pregledi zadev in posodobljeni statistični podatki o ukrepih Komisije za izvrševanje. Komisija bo še naprej izboljševala sistematične ter javno in lahko dostopne informacije in povečevala njihov obseg. V tesnem sodelovanju z državami članicami bo v okviru pregleda stanja natančneje proučila, katere dodatne informacije bi bilo treba objavljati in na kakšen način. | Finally, the stocktaking exercise will also look at ways to improve the cooperation between the Commission and Member States in relation to the swift and correct transposition of directives. |
| Pri pregledu stanja pa bo proučila tudi načine za izboljšanje sodelovanja med Komisijo in državami članicami v zvezi s hitrim in pravilnim prenosom direktiv. | The Commission will report on the outcome of the stocktaking exercise in the course of 2023. |
| Komisija bo o rezultatih pregleda stanja poročala v letu 2023. | (1) |
| (1) | Commission Communication ‘2022 Rule of Law Report - The rule of law situation in the European Union’, COM(2022) 500 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Poročilo o stanju pravne države za leto 2022 – Stanje pravne države v Evropski uniji“, COM(2022) 500 final. | (2) |
| (2) | Commission Communication ‘On the European democracy action plan’, COM(2020) 790 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije o akcijskem načrtu za evropsko demokracijo, COM(2020) 790 final. | (3) |
| (3) | Commission Communication ‘Strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU’, COM(2020) 711 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Strategija za okrepitev uporabe Listine o temeljnih pravicah v EU“, COM(2020) 711 final. | (4) |
| (4) | Article 17 of the Treaty on the European Union. |
| Člen 17 Pogodbe o Evropski uniji. | (5) |
| (5) | This Communication builds on and does not replace earlier Communications which define the operational framework and rules for the Commission’s action on complaints and infringements. See in particular Commission Communication, ‘EU law: Better results through better application’ (C(2016)8600), (hereafter ‘the 2016 Communication’). |
| To sporočilo temelji na predhodnih sporočilih, v katerih so opredeljeni operativni okvir in pravila za ukrepanje Komisije v zvezi s pritožbami in kršitvami, in jih ne nadomešča. Glej zlasti sporočilo Komisije „Pravo EU: z boljšo uporabo do boljših rezultatov“, C(2016) 8600 (v nadaljnjem besedilu: sporočilo iz leta 2016). | (6) |
| (6) | In accordance with Better Regulation Guidelines, 3.11.2021 https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_en |
| V skladu s smernicami za boljše pravno urejanje, 3. 11. 2021, https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_en . | (7) |
| (7) | Commission Recommendation of 17 September 2013 on the principles governing SOLVIT, C(2013) 5869 final. |
| Priporočilo Komisije z dne 17. septembra 2013 o načelih, ki urejajo mrežo SOLVIT, C(2013) 5869 final. | (8) |
| (8) | Commission Staff Working Document, ‘SOLVIT’s Helping Hand in the Single Market: celebrating 20 years’, SWD(2022) 325 final. |
| Delovni dokument služb Komisije „Kako SOLVIT pomaga na notranjem trgu: praznujemo 20 let“, SWD(2022) 325 final. | (9) |
| (9) | https://ec.europa.eu/solvit/index_en.htm |
| https://ec.europa.eu/solvit/index_sl.htm | (10) |
| (10) | For example, for education, healthcare, cultural and other leisure activities, etc. |
| Na primer zaradi izobraževanja, zdravstvenega varstva, kulturnih in drugih prostočasnih dejavnosti itd. | (11) |
| (11) | Commission Communication ‘Long term action plan for better implementation and enforcement of single market rules’, COM(2020) 94 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Dolgoročni akcijski načrt za boljše izvajanje in uveljavljanje pravil enotnega trga“, COM(2020) 94 final. | (12) |
| (12) | Commission Communication ‘Identifying and addressing barriers to the Single Market’, COM(2020) 93 final. |
| Sporočilo „Prepoznavanje in odprava ovir za enotni trg“, COM(2020) 93 final. | (13) |
| (13) | Commission Report ‘EU Border regions: Living labs of European integration’, COM(2021) 393 final, and Commission Communication ‘Boosting Growth and Cohesion in EU border regions’, COM(2017) 534 final. |
| Poročilo Komisije „Obmejne regije EU: živi laboratoriji evropskega povezovanja, COM(2021) 393 final, in sporočilo Komisije „Spodbujanje rasti in kohezije v obmejnih regijah EU“, COM(2017) 534 final. | (14) |
| (14) | More explanation on this figure can be found in the study ‘ Update of the costs of not implementing EU environmental law’ , COWI and Eunomia, 2019. |
| Več pojasnil o tem je na voljo v študiji „ Posodobitev stroškov neizvajanja okoljske zakonodaje EU “, COWI in Eunomia, 2019. | (15) |
| (15) | Data valid for the first six months of operation ( New EU VAT rules for e-commerce: Updated revenue figures point to a successful implementation (europa.eu) ). |
| Podatki o prvih šestih mesecih delovanja ( Nova pravila EU o DDV za e-trgovanje: posodobljeni podatki o prihodkih nakazujejo uspešno izvajanje (europa.eu) ). | (16) |
| (16) | The right to non-discrimination is enshrined in the Charter, which prohibits discrimination based on any grounds. |
| Pravica do nediskriminacije je zapisana v Listini EU o temeljnih pravicah, ki prepoveduje diskriminacijo na kakršni koli podlagi. | (17) |
| (17) | https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-integration/work/single-permit-work_en |
| https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/legal-migration-and-integration/work/single-permit-work_en | (18) |
| (18) | Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law. |
| Okvirni Sklep 2008/913/PNZ z dne 28. novembra 2008 o boju proti nekaterim oblikam in izrazom rasizma in ksenofobije s kazensko-pravnimi sredstvi. | (19) |
| (19) | Commission Communication, ‘A Union of equality: EU anti-racism action plan 2020-2025’, COM(2020) 565 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije Unija enakosti: akcijski načrt EU za boj proti rasizmu za obdobje 2020–2025, COM(2020) 565 final. | (20) |
| (20) | Directive (EU) 2017/541 of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism. |
| Direktiva (EU) 2017/541 z dne 15. marca 2017 o boju proti terorizmu. | (21) |
| (21) | Article 19(1), second subparagraph, of the Treaty on European Union and Article 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. |
| Člen 19(1), drugi pododstavek, Pogodbe o Evropski uniji in člen 47 Listine EU o temeljnih pravicah. | (22) |
| (22) | Cases of national rules or practices that impede the procedure for preliminary rulings, for example, because judges can incur disciplinary liability for submitting a preliminary reference or for applying EU law as interpreted by the Court of Justice, or where the national courts are prevented from acknowledging the primacy of EU law, have a systemic impact on enforcement of EU law. |
| Zadeve, povezane z nacionalnimi pravili ali praksami, ki ovirajo postopek predhodnega odločanja, kot je na primer ta, da se lahko uveljavlja disciplinska odgovornost sodnikov, ki vložijo predlog za sprejetje predhodne odločbe ali uporabijo pravo EU, kot ga razlaga Sodišče, ali ta, da se nacionalnim sodiščem preprečuje priznanje primarnosti prava EU, imajo sistemski vpliv na izvrševanje prava EU. | (23) |
| (23) | In competition and state aid matters, the Commission regularly provides assistance and intervenes in national court proceedings. |
| Na področjih konkurence in državne pomoči Komisija redno zagotavlja pomoč in intervenira v nacionalnih sodnih postopkih. | (24) |
| (24) | The number of preliminary rulings showed a strong increase over the past 10 years, with 567 references for preliminary rulings in 2021, compared to 385 in 2010. |
| Število predhodnih odločb se je v zadnjih desetih letih močno povečalo, saj je bilo leta 2021 vloženih 567 predlogov za sprejetje predhodne odločbe, leta 2010 pa 385. | (25) |
| (25) | Commission Communication ‘Ensuring justice in the EU — a European judicial training strategy for 2021-2024’, COM(2020) 713 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Zagotavljanje pravnega varstva v EU – evropska strategija za usposabljanje na področju pravosodja za obdobje 2021–2024“, COM(2020) 713 final. | (26) |
| (26) | . Judgement of the Court of Justice in case C-318/07, Persche. |
| Sodba Sodišča v zadevi Persche, C-318/07. | (27) |
| (27) | Judgment of the Court of Justice in case C-274/20, GN and WX v Prefettura di Massa Carrara – Ufficio Territoriale del Governo di Massa Carrara. |
| Sodba Sodišča v zadevi GN, WX/Prefettura di Massa Carrara – Ufficio Territoriale del Governo di Massa Carrara, C-274/20. | (28) |
| (28) | Judgment of the Court of Justice in case C-335/19, E. Sp. z o.o. Sp. k. v Minister Finansów. |
| Sodba Sodišča v zadevi E. Sp. z o.o. Sp. k./Minister Finansów, C-335/19. | (29) |
| (29) | In its judgment in case C-543/17, Commission v Belgium, the Court of Justice clarified that Member States have an obligation to provide to the Commission sufficiently clear and precise information on which provisions of national law transpose the Directive. |
| Sodišče je v sodbi v zadevi Komisija/Belgija, C-543/17, pojasnilo, da morajo države članice Komisiji zagotoviti dovolj jasne in natančne informacije o tem, s katerimi določbami nacionalnega prava je prenesena direktiva. | (30) |
| (30) | This is the case for example of National Regulatory Authorities’ independence in the energy sector, which is a core principle of the third energy package, and is also key for ensuring effective consumer protection, as confirmed by the Court of Justice (case C-718/18 Commission v Germany). |
| To velja na primer za neodvisnost nacionalnih regulativnih organov v energetiki, kar je temeljno načelo tretjega energetskega svežnja in ključno tudi za zagotavljanje učinkovitega varstva potrošnikov, kakor je potrdilo Sodišče (zadeva Komisija/Nemčija, C-718/18). | (31) |
| (31) | For instance, through the Technical Support Instrument and TAIEX-EIR-peer-to-peer tool. |
| Na primer prek Instrumenta za tehnično podporo in orodja TAIEX-EIR-peer-to-peer. | (32) |
| (32) | For instance, the Commission has developed an EU environmental law training package (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/law/training_package.htm). |
| Komisija je na primer pripravila izobraževalni sveženj o okoljskem pravu EU (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/law/training_package.htm). | (33) |
| (33) | Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). |
| Uredba (EU) 2016/679 z dne 27. aprila 2016 o varstvu posameznikov pri obdelavi osebnih podatkov in o prostem pretoku takih podatkov ter o razveljavitvi Direktive 95/46/ES (Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov). | (34) |
| (34) | The European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). |
| Evropski bančni organ (EBA), Evropski organ za vrednostne papirje in trge (ESMA) ter Evropski organ za zavarovanja in poklicne pokojnine (EIOPA). | (35) |
| (35) | The European Consumer Centers Network (ECC NET) connects national authorities responsible for enforcing EU consumer protection laws ( https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/resolve-your-consumer-complaint/european-consumer-centres-network-ecc-net_en ). Cooperation in this field covers consumer rules in various areas such as unfair commercial practices, e-commerce, geo-blocking, package holidays, online selling, and passenger rights. |
| Mreža evropskih potrošniških centrov (ECC NET) povezuje nacionalne organe, pristojne za izvrševanje prava EU o varstvu potrošnikov ( https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/resolve-your-consumer-complaint/european-consumer-centres-network-ecc-net_sl ). Sodelovanje na tem področju zajema pravila o varstvu potrošnikov na različnih področjih, kot so nepoštene poslovne prakse, e-trgovanje, geografsko blokiranje, počitniški paketi, spletna prodaja in pravice potnikov. | (36) |
| (36) | http://www.consumerlawready.eu/ |
| http://www.consumerlawready.eu/ | (37) |
| (37) | Better Regulation Guidelines, 3.11.2021, https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_en |
| Smernice za boljše pravno urejanje, 3. 11. 2021, https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation-why-and-how/better-regulation-guidelines-and-toolbox_sl . | (38) |
| (38) | Regulation (EU) 2021/2282 of 15 December 2021 on health technology assessment. |
| Uredba (EU) 2021/2282 z dne 15. decembra 2021 o vrednotenju zdravstvenih tehnologij. | (39) |
| (39) | https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/hta_htar_rolling-plan_en.pdf |
| https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/hta_htar_rolling-plan_en.pdf | (40) |
| (40) | The final and authoritative interpretation of EU law can only be provided by the Court of Justice. |
| Končno in verodostojno razlago prava EU lahko poda le Sodišče. | (41) |
| (41) | For instance, the Commission has produced several general interpretative guidelines concerning the nature protection Directives, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm |
| Komisija je na primer pripravila več splošnih razlagalnih smernic v zvezi z direktivami o varstvu narave: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm . | (42) |
| (42) | Directive (EU) 2019/790 of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. |
| Direktiva (EU) 2019/790 z dne 17. aprila 2019 o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah na enotnem digitalnem trgu. | (43) |
| (43) | https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-modes/road/mobility-package-i_en |
| https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-modes/road/mobility-package-i_en | (44) |
| (44) | Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of 15 March 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport. |
| Uredba Sveta (ES) št. 561/2006 z dne 15. marca 2006 o usklajevanju določene socialne zakonodaje v zvezi s cestnim prometom. | (45) |
| (45) | Directive (EU) 2020/1057 of 15 July 2020 laying down specific rules with respect to Directive 96/71/EC and Directive 2014/67/EU for posting drivers in the road transport sector. |
| Direktiva (EU) 2020/1057 z dne 15. julija 2020 o določitvi posebnih pravil v zvezi z Direktivo 96/71/ES in Direktivo 2014/67/EU za napotitev voznikov v sektorju cestnega prometa. | (46) |
| (46) | Regulation (EU) No 165/2014 of 4 February 2014 on tachographs in road transport. |
| Uredba (EU) št. 165/2014 z dne 4. februarja 2014 o tahografih v cestnem prometu. | (47) |
| (47) | Regulation (EC) No 1071/2009 of 21 October 2009 establishing common rules concerning the conditions to be complied with to pursue the occupation of road transport operator. |
| Uredba (ES) št. 1071/2009 z dne 21. oktobra 2009 o skupnih pravilih glede pogojev za opravljanje dejavnosti cestnega prevoznika. | (48) |
| (48) | https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/single-market-enforcement-taskforce_en |
| https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/single-market-enforcement-taskforce_en | (49) |
| (49) | Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of 9 September 2015 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical regulations and of rules on Information Society services (codifying Directive 98/34/EC). |
| Direktiva (EU) 2015/1535 z dne 9. septembra 2015 o določitvi postopka za zbiranje informacij na področju tehničnih predpisov in pravil za storitve informacijske družbe (kodifikacija Direktive 98/34/EC). | (50) |
| (50) | Directive 2006/123/EC of 12 December 2006 on services in the internal market. |
| Direktiva 2006/123/ES z dne 12. decembra 2006 o storitvah na notranjem trgu. | (51) |
| (51) | https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/web-accessibility-expert-group |
| Direktiva (EU) 2016/2102 z dne 26. oktobra 2016 o dostopnosti spletišč in mobilnih aplikacij organov javnega sektorja. | (52) |
| (52) | Directive (EU) 2016/2102 of 26 October 2016 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies. |
| https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/web-accessibility-expert-group | (53) |
| (53) | https://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/index_en.htm |
| https://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/imi-net/index_sl.htm | (54) |
| (54) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/recovery-coronavirus/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en Established by Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility. |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/recovery-coronavirus/recovery-and-resilience-facility_sl , vzpostavljen z Uredbo (EU) 2021/241 z dne 12. februarja 2021 o vzpostavitvi Mehanizma za okrevanje in odpornost. | (55) |
| (55) | OECD, ‘Financing Water Supply, Sanitation and Flood Protection: Challenges in the EU Member States and Policy Options’, OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6893cdac-en . |
| OECD, „Financing Water Supply, Sanitation and Flood Protection: Challenges in the EU Member States and Policy Options“ (Financiranje oskrbe z vodo, sanitarne oskrbe in protipoplavne zaščite: izzivi v državah članicah EU in možnosti politike), OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6893cdac-en . | (56) |
| (56) | Commission Communication ‘Environmental Implementation Review 2022 – Turning the tide through environmental compliance’, COM(2022) 438 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Pregled izvajanja okoljske politike za leto 2022 – Preobrat s pomočjo okoljske skladnosti“, COM(2022) 438 final. | (57) |
| (57) | Called ex -ante conditionalities (for the 2014-2020 programming period) or enabling conditions (for the 2021-2027 programming period). |
| Imenovanih predhodne pogojenosti (v programskem obdobju 2014–2020) oziroma omogočitveni pogoji (v programskem obdobju 2021–2027). | (58) |
| (58) | Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 of 16 December 2020 on a general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget. |
| Uredba (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092 z dne 16. decembra 2020 o splošnem režimu pogojenosti za zaščito proračuna Unije. | (59) |
| (59) | Proposal for a Council Implementing Decision on measures for the protection of the Union budget against breaches of the principles of the rule of law in Hungary, COM(2022) 485 final. |
| Predlog izvedbenega sklepa Sveta o ukrepih za zaščito proračuna Unije pred kršitvami načel pravne države na Madžarskem, COM(2022) 485 final. | (60) |
| (60) | Commission Staff Working Document, ‘Supporting public administrations in EU Member States to deliver reforms and prepare for the future’, SWD(2021) 101. |
| Delovni dokument služb Komisije „Podpora javnim upravam v državah članicah EU za izvajanje reform in pripravo na prihodnost“, SWD(2021) 101. | (61) |
| (61) | https://single-market-scoreboard.ec.europa.eu/ |
| https://single-market-scoreboard.ec.europa.eu/ | (62) |
| (62) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/2022-european-semester-country-reports_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/2022-european-semester-country-reports_en | (63) |
| (63) | https://environment.ec.europa.eu/law-and-governance/environmental-implementation-review_en |
| https://environment.ec.europa.eu/law-and-governance/environmental-implementation-review_en | (64) |
| (64) | https://environment.ec.europa.eu/law-and-governance/environmental-implementation-review_en#environmental-infringements-map-and-dashboard |
| https://environment.ec.europa.eu/law-and-governance/environmental-implementation-review_en#environmental-infringements-map-and-dashboard | (65) |
| (65) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/eu-justice-scoreboard_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/eu-justice-scoreboard_en | (66) |
| (66) | https://finance.ec.europa.eu/regulation-and-supervision/enforcement-and-infringements-banking-and-finance-law/monitoring-banking-and-finance-directives_en |
| https://finance.ec.europa.eu/regulation-and-supervision/enforcement-and-infringements-banking-and-finance-law/monitoring-banking-and-finance-directives_en | (67) |
| (67) | The Schengen Area is an area without internal borders, within which citizens and many non-EU nationals staying legally in the EU can freely circulate without being subject to border checks. Since 1985, it has gradually grown and encompasses almost all EU Member States and a few associated non-EU countries. |
| Schengensko območje je območje brez notranjih meja, znotraj katerega lahko državljani držav članic in tudi številni državljani tretjih držav, ki zakonito prebivajo v EU, prosto potujejo brez mejnih kontrol. Od leta 1985 se je postopoma povečevalo in zdaj zajema skoraj vse države članice EU ter nekaj pridruženih držav, ki niso članice EU. | (68) |
| (68) | https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area/schengen-evaluation-and-monitoring_en |
| https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area/schengen-evaluation-and-monitoring_en | (69) |
| (69) | Regulation (EU) 2022/922 of 9 June 2022 on the establishment and operation of an evaluation and monitoring mechanism to verify the application of the Schengen acquis. |
| Uredba (EU) 2022/922 z dne 9. junija 2022 o vzpostavitvi in delovanju ocenjevalnega in spremljevalnega mehanizma za preverjanje uporabe schengenskega pravnega reda. | (70) |
| (70) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/rule-law/rule-law-mechanism/2022-rule-law-report_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/rule-law/rule-law-mechanism/2022-rule-law-report_sl | (71) |
| (71) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/rule-law/rule-law-mechanism_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/upholding-rule-law/rule-law/rule-law-mechanism_sl | (72) |
| (72) | Commission Communication, ‘2022 Rule of Law Report The rule of law situation in the European Union’ COM(2022) 500 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Poročilo o stanju pravne države za leto 2022 – Stanje pravne države v Evropski uniji“, COM(2022) 500 final. | (73) |
| (73) | EU Pilot is an instrument of cooperation and dialogue between the Commission and the Member States related to issues of (potential) non-compliance with EU law. The Commission’s use of EU Pilot is set out in specific internal guidelines, revised in July 2020. |
| Postopek EU Pilot je instrument za sodelovanje in dialog med Komisijo in državami članicami v zvezi z vprašanji (morebitne) neskladnosti s pravom EU. Kako Komisija uporablja postopek EU Pilot, je določeno v posebnih notranjih smernicah, revidiranih julija 2020. | (74) |
| (74) | This excludes infringement cases triggered automatically for non-transposition of a Directive self-acknowledged by a Member State. |
| To izključuje primere kršitev, ki se začnejo samodejno zaradi neprenosa direktive, ki ga je država članica sama priznala. | (75) |
| (75) | The large majority of infringement procedures are opened without a preceding EU Pilot process. |
| Velika večina postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev se začne brez predhodnega postopka EU Pilot. | (76) |
| (76) | Regulation (EU) No 260/2012 of 14 March 2012 establishing technical and business requirements for credit transfers and direct debits in euro. |
| Uredba (EU) št. 260/2012 z dne 14. marca 2012 o uvajanju tehničnih in poslovnih zahtev za kreditne prenose in direktne bremenitve v eurih. | (77) |
| (77) | ‘Cross-border healthcare’ means healthcare provided or prescribed in a Member State other than the Member State of affiliation. |
| Čezmejno zdravstveno varstvo je zdravstveno varstvo, ki se zagotovi ali predpiše v državi članici, ki ni država članica zdravstvenega zavarovanja. | (78) |
| (78) | Mostly received through the online complaint form available here: https://ec.europa.eu/assets/sg/report-a-breach/complaints_en/ . Reference to ‘complaints’ includes so-called ‘multiple complaints’, where the Commission under one complaint file handles a very large number of identical complaints. |
| Večinoma prejete prek spletnega obrazca za pritožbe, ki je na voljo na: https://ec.europa.eu/assets/sg/report-a-breach/complaints_sl/ . Navajanje „pritožb“ vključuje tako imenovane „skupinske pritožbe“, pri katerih Komisija v okviru enega spisa obravnava zelo veliko število enakih pritožb. | (79) |
| (79) | In 2021, 69% of infringement cases were closed after an initial letter of formal notice. |
| Leta 2021 je bilo 69 % postopkov za ugotavljanje kršitev zaključenih po prvem uradnem opominu. | (80) |
| (80) | Based on Article 260(2) TFEU. |
| Na podlagi člena 260(2) PDEU. | (81) |
| (81) | Directive 2008/50/EC of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. |
| Direktiva 2008/50/ES z dne 21. maja 2008 o kakovosti zunanjega zraka in čistejšem zraku za Evropo. | (82) |
| (82) | The update for 2021 is based on latest air quality data available at time of writing, namely for 2020. |
| Posodobitev za leto 2021 temelji na najnovejših podatkih o kakovosti zraka, ki so bili na voljo v času priprave dokumenta, in sicer za leto 2020. | (83) |
| (83) | Source: European Environment Agency. |
| Vir: Evropska agencija za okolje. | (84) |
| (84) | Short-term review of the Geo-blocking Regulation |
| Kratkoročni pregled uredbe o geografskem blokiranju . | (85) |
| (85) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/enforcement-consumer-protection/coordinated-actions/social-media-and-search-engines_en#google |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/enforcement-consumer-protection/coordinated-actions/social-media-and-search-engines_sl#google | (86) |
| (86) | Directive 2012/27/EU of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency. |
| Direktiva 2012/27/EU z dne 25. oktobra 2012 o energetski učinkovitosti. | (87) |
| (87) | Since 2011, the number of late transposition cases has dropped from over 1,000 to around 500 annually. |
| Od leta 2011 se je število primerov poznega prenosa zmanjšalo z več kot 1 000 na približno 500 letno. | (88) |
| (88) | These exclude non-communication cases opened automatically for failure to transpose directives, and complaints-based cases. |
| To ne vključuje zadev zaradi nesporočanja, ki se samodejno začnejo zaradi neprenosa direktive, in zadev, ki temeljijo na pritožbah. | (89) |
| (89) | Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing the consequences thereof. |
| Direktiva 2001/55/ES z dne 20. julija 2001 o najnižjih standardih za dodelitev začasne zaščite v primeru množičnega prihoda razseljenih oseb in o ukrepih za uravnoteženje prizadevanj in posledic za države članice pri sprejemanju takšnih oseb. | (90) |
| (90) | State aid Temporary Framework in the context of the coronavirus outbreak and Temporary Crisis Framework in the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine . |
| Začasni okvir za državno pomoč v okviru izbruha koronavirusa in začasni krizni okvir v okviru ruske invazije na Ukrajino . | (91) |
| (91) | Commission Communication, ‘An action plan for EU-Ukraine Solidarity Lanes to facilitate Ukraine's agricultural export and bilateral trade with the EU’, COM(2022) 217 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Akcijski načrt za solidarnostne pasove med EU in Ukrajino za lažji izvoz kmetijskih proizvodov Ukrajine in lažjo dvostransko trgovino Ukrajine z EU“, COM(2022) 217 final. | (92) |
| (92) | Regulation (EU) 2022/1032 of 29 June 2022 amending Regulations (EU) 2017/1938 and (EC) No 715/2009 with regard to gas storage. |
| Uredba (EU) 2022/1032 z dne 29. junija 2022 o spremembi Uredb (EU) 2017/1938 in (ES) št. 715/2009 glede skladiščenja plina. | (93) |
| (93) | Regulation (EU) 2022/1369 of 5 August 2022 on coordinated demand-reduction measures for gas (based on Article 122 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). |
| Uredba (EU) 2022/1369 z dne 5. avgusta 2022 o usklajenih ukrepih za zmanjšanje povpraševanja po plinu (na podlagi člena 122 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije). | (94) |
| (94) | Proposal for a Regulation on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices, COM(2022) 473 final. |
| Predlog uredbe o nujnem posredovanju za obravnavo visokih cen energije, COM(2022) 473 final. | (95) |
| (95) | Commission Communication, ‘A contingency plan for transport’, COM(2022) 211 final. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „Krizni načrt za promet“, COM(2022) 211 final. | (96) |
| (96) | Proposal for a Regulation amending Regulation (EU) 2016/399 on a Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders, COM(2021) 891 final. |
| Predlog uredbe o spremembi Uredbe (EU) 2016/399 o Zakoniku Unije o pravilih, ki urejajo gibanje oseb prek meja, COM(2021) 891 final. | (97) |
| (97) | Proposal for a Regulation establishing a Single Market emergency instrument and repealing Council Regulation No (EC) 2679/98, COM(2022) 459 final. |
| Predlog uredbe o vzpostavitvi instrumenta enotnega trga za izredne razmere in razveljavitvi Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 2679/98, COM(2022) 459 final. | (98) |
| (98) | Interpretative Guidelines on EU passenger rights regulations in the context of the developing situation with COVID-19 2020/C 89 I/01 . |
| Smernice za razlago uredb EU o pravicah potnikov v zvezi z razvojem razmer glede COVID-19, 2020/C 89 I/01 . | (99) |
| (99) | Commission Recommendation (EU) 2020/648 of 13 May 2020 on vouchers offered to passengers and travellers as an alternative to reimbursement for cancelled package travel and transport services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic . |
| Priporočilo Komisije (EU) 2020/648 z dne 13. maja 2020 o dobropisih, ki se ponudijo potnikom kot druga možnost namesto povračila za odpovedana paketna potovanja in prevozne storitve v zvezi s pandemijo COVID-19 . | (100) |
| (100) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/enforcement-consumer-protection/consumer-protection-cooperation-network_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/enforcement-consumer-protection/consumer-protection-cooperation-network_en | (101) |
| (101) | Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. |
| Uredbe (ES) št. 261/2004 z dne 11. februarja 2004 o določitvi skupnih pravil glede odškodnine in pomoči potnikom v primerih zavrnitve vkrcanja, odpovedi ali velike zamude letov. | (102) |
| (102) | Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of 25 November 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements. |
| Direktiva (EU) 2015/2302 z dne 25. novembra 2015 o paketnih potovanjih in povezanih potovalnih aranžmajih. | (103) |
| (103) | Commission Communication ‘ Better Regulation: Joining forces to make better laws’ , COM(2021)219. |
| Sporočilo Komisije „ Boljše pravno urejanje: združujemo moči za pripravo boljše zakonodaje“ , COM(2021) 219. | (104) |
| (104) | https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/annual-reports-monitoring-application-eu-law_en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/annual-reports-monitoring-application-eu-law_en | (105) |
| (105) | https://ec.europa.eu/atwork/applying-eu-law/infringements-proceedings/infringement_decisions/?lang_ code=en |
| https://ec.europa.eu/atwork/applying-eu-law/infringements-proceedings/infringement_decisions/?lang_ code=en | |
