(a) ‘dual-use items’ shall mean items, including software and technology, which can be used for both civil and military purposes, and shall include all goods which can be used for both non-explosive uses and assisting in any way in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;

(b) ‘export’ shall mean:

(c) ‘exporter’ shall mean any natural or legal person on whose behalf an export declaration is made, that is to say the person who, at the time when the declaration is accepted, holds the contract with the consignee in the third country and has the power for determining the sending of the item out of the customs territory of the Community. If no export contract has been concluded or if the holder of the contract does not act on its own behalf, the power for determining the sending of the item out of the customs territory of the Community shall be decisive;

‘exporter’ shall also mean any natural or legal person who decides to transmit software or technology by electronic media, fax or telephone to a destination outside the Community;

Where the benefit of a right to dispose of the dual-use item belongs to a person established outside the Community pursuant to the contract on which the export is based, the exporter shall be considered to be the Contracting Party established in the Community.

(d) ‘export declaration’ shall mean the act whereby a person indicates in the prescribed form and manner the wish to place dual-use items under an export procedure.

(a) incorporation into military items listed in the military list of Member States;

(b) use of production-, test- or analytical equipment and components therefor, for the development, production or maintenance of military items listed in the abovementioned list;

(c) use of any unfinished products in a plant for the production of military items listed in the abovementioned list.

(a) the obligations and commitments they have each accepted as a member of the relevant international non-proliferation regimes and export control arrangements, or by ratification of relevant international treaties;

(b) their obligations under sanctions imposed by a common position or a joint action adopted by the Council or by a decision of the OSCE or by a binding resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations;

(c) considerations of national foreign and security policy, including those covered by the European Union Code of Conduct on arms exports;

(d) considerations about intended end-use and the risk of diversion.

(a) relevant information was not taken into account when the authorisation was granted, or

(b) circumstances have materially changed since the grant of the authorisation.

(a) the description of the dual-use items;

(b) the quantity of the dual-use items;

(c) the name and address of the exporter and of the consignee;

(d) where known, the end-use and end-user of the dual-use items.

(a) to gather information on any order or transaction involving dual-use items;

(b) to establish that the export control measures are being properly applied, which may include in particular the power to enter the premises of persons with an interest in an export transaction.

(a) the measures which should be taken by Member States to inform exporters of their obligations under this Regulation;

(b) guidance concerning export authorisation forms.

(a) A Member State may impose an authorisation requirement for the transfer of other dual-use items from its territory to another Member State in cases where at the time of transfer:

(b) The transfer authorisation must be applied for in the Member State from which the dual-use items are to be transferred.

(c) In cases where the subsequent export of the dual-use items has already been accepted, in the consultation procedures set out in Article 7, by the Member State from which the items are to be transferred, the transfer authorisation shall be issued to the operator immediately, unless the circumstances have substantially changed.

(d) A Member State which adopts legislation imposing such a requirement shall inform the Commission and the other Member States of the measures it has taken. The Commission shall publish this information in the C series of the Official Journal of the European Communities.

— the application of Article 296 of the Treaty establishing the European Community,

— the application of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community.

1. For control of goods which are designed or modified for military use, see the relevant list(s) of controls on military goods maintained by individual Member States. References in this Annex that state "SEE ALSO MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS" refer to the same lists.

2. The object of the controls contained in this Annex should not be defeated by the export of any non-controlled goods (including plant) containing one or more controlled components when the controlled component or components are the principal element of the goods and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes.

N.B.: In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, it is necessary to weigh the factors of quantity, value and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the goods being procured.

3. Goods specified in this Annex include both new and used goods.

a. Generally available to the public by being:

N.B.: Entry a. of the General Software Note does not release "software" specified in Category 5 — Part 2 ("Information Security").

b. "In the public domain".

— a comma is used to separate the whole number from the decimals,

— whole numbers are presented in series of three, each series being separated by a thin space.

"Accuracy" (2 6), usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, means the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value.

"Active flight control systems" (7) are systems that function to prevent undesirable "aircraft" and missile motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to effect automatic control.

"Active pixel" (6 8) is a minimum (single) element of the solid state array which has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light (electromagnetic) radiation.

"Adapted for use in war" (1) means any modification or selection (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistence to UV radiation) designed to increase the effectiveness in producing casualties in humans or animals, degrading equipment or damaging crops or the environment.

"Aircraft" (1 7 9) means a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle.

N.B.: See also "civil aircraft".

"All compensations available" (2) means after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimise all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model are considered.

"Allocated by the ITU" (3 5) means the allocation of frequency bands according to the ITU Radio Regulations (Edition 1998) for primary, permitted and secondary services.

N.B.: Additional and alternative allocations are not included.

"Angular position deviation" (2) means the maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position (ref. VDI/VDE 2617, Draft: 'Rotary tables on coordinate measuring machines').

"Asymmetric algorithm" (5) means a cryptographic algorithm using different, mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption.

N.B.: A common use of "asymmetric algorithms" is key management.

"Automatic target tracking" (6) means a processing technique that automatically determines and provides as output an extrapolated value of the most probable position of the target in real time.

"Basic gate propagation delay time" (3) means the propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used in a "monolithic integrated circuit". For a 'family' of "monolithic integrated circuits", this may be specified either as the propagation delay time per typical gate within the given 'family' or as the typical propagation delay time per gate within the given 'family'.

N.B. 1:"Basic gate propagation delay time" is not to be confused with the input/output delay time of a complex "monolithic integrated circuit".

N.B. 2:'Family' consists of all integrated circuits to which all of the following are applied as their manufacturing methodology and specifications except their respective functions:

"Basic scientific research" (GTN NTN) means experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.

"Bias" (accelerometer) (7) means an accelerometer output when no acceleration is applied.

"Camming" (2) means axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Reference: ISO 230/1 1986, paragraph 5.63).

"Carbon fibre preforms" (1) means an ordered arrangement of uncoated or coated fibres intended to constitute a framework of a part before the "matrix" is introduced to form a "composite".

"CE" is equivalent to "computing element".

"CEP" (circle of equal probability) (7) is a measure of accuracy; the radius of the circle centred at the target, at a specific range, in which 50 % of the payloads impact.

"Chemical laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction.

"Chemical mixture" (1) means a solid, liquid or gaseous product made up of two or more components which do not react together under the conditions under which the mixture is stored.

"Circulation-controlled anti-torque or circulation controlled direction control systems" (7) are systems that use air blown over aerodynamic surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces.

"Civil aircraft" (1 7 9) means those "aircraft" listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.

N.B.: See also "aircraft".

"Commingled" (1) means filament to filament blending of thermoplastic fibres and reinforcement fibres in order to produce a fibre reinforcement "matrix" mix in total fibre form.

"Comminution" (1) means a process to reduce a material to particles by crushing or grinding.

"Common channel signalling" (5) is a signalling method in which a single channel between exchanges conveys, by means of labelled messages, signalling information relating to a multiplicity of circuits or calls and other information such as that used for network management.

"Communications channel controller" (4) means the physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

"Composite" (1 2 6 8 9) means a "matrix" and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes.

"Composite theoretical performance" ("CTP") (3 4) is a measure of computational performance given in millions of theoretical operations per second (Mtops), calculated using the aggregation of "computing elements" ("CE").

N.B.: See Category 4, Technical Note.

"Compound rotary table" (2) means a table allowing the workpiece to rotate and tilt about two non-parallel axes, which can be coordinated simultaneously for "contouring control".

"Computing element" ("CE") (4) means the smallest computational unit that produces an arithmetic or logic result.

"Contouring control" (2) means two or more "numerically controlled" motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (ref. ISO/DIS 2806 - 1980).

"Critical temperature" (1 3 6) (sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific "superconductive" material means the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current.

"Cryptography" (5) means the discipline which embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorized use. "Cryptography" is limited to the transformation of information using one or more 'secret parameters' (e.g., crypto variables) or associated key management.

N.B.:'Secret parameter': a constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared only within a group.

"CTP" is equivalent to "composite theoretical performance".

"Data-Based Referenced Navigation" ("DBRN") (7) Systems means systems which use various sources of previously measured geo-mapping data integrated to provide accurate navigation information under dynamic conditions. Data sources include bathymetric maps, stellar maps, gravity maps, magnetic maps or 3-D digital terrain maps.

"Deformable mirrors" (6) (also known as adaptive optic mirrors) means mirrors having:

"Depleted uranium" (0) means uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature.

"Development" (GTN NTN All) is related to all phases prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.

"Diffusion bonding" (1 2 9) means a solid state molecular joining of at least two separate metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material.

"Digital computer" (4 5) means equipment which can, in the form of one or more discrete variables, perform all of the following:

N.B.: Modifications of a stored sequence of instructions include replacement of fixed storage devices, but not a physical change in wiring or interconnections.

"Digital transfer rate" means the total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium.

N.B.: See also "total digital transfer rate".

"Direct-acting hydraulic pressing" (2) means a deformation process which uses a fluid-filled flexible bladder in direct contact with the workpiece.

"Drift rate" (gyro) (7) means the time rate of output deviation from the desired output. It consists of random and systematic components and is expressed as an equivalent input angular displacement per unit time with respect to inertial space.

"Dynamic adaptive routing" (5) means automatic rerouting of traffic based on sensing and analysis of current actual network conditions.

N.B.: This does not include cases of routing decisions taken on predefined information.

"Dynamic signal analysers" (3) means "signal analysers" which use digital sampling and transformation techniques to form a Fourier spectrum display of the given waveform including amplitude and phase information.

N.B.: See also "signal analysers".

"Effective gramme" (0 1) of "special fissile material" means:

"Electronic assembly" (3 4 5) means a number of electronic components (i.e., 'circuit elements', 'discrete components', integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled.

N.B. 1:'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

N.B. 2:'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

"Electronically steerable phased array antenna" (5 6) means an antenna which forms a beam by means of phase coupling, i.e., the beam direction is controlled by the complex excitation coefficients of the radiating elements and the direction of that beam can be varied in azimuth or in elevation, or both, by application, both in transmission and reception, of an electrical signal.

"End-effectors" (2) means grippers, 'active tooling units' and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a "robot" manipulator arm.

N.B.:'Active tooling unit' means a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece.

"Equivalent Density" (6) means the mass of an optic per unit optical area projected onto the optical surface.

"Expert systems" (7) mean systems providing results by application of rules to data which are stored independently of the "programme" and capable of any of the following:

"FADEC" is equivalent to "full authority digital engine control".

"Fault tolerance" (4) is the capability of a computer system, after any malfunction of any of its hardware or "software" components, to continue to operate without human intervention, at a given level of service that provides: continuity of operation, data integrity and recovery of service within a given time.

"Fibrous or filamentary materials" (0 1 2 8) include:

"Film type integrated circuit" (3) means an array of 'circuit elements' and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating "substrate".

N.B.:'Circuit element' is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"Fixed" (5) means that the coding or compression algorithm cannot accept externally supplied parameters (e.g., cryptographic or key variables) and cannot be modified by the user.

"Flight control optical sensor array" (7) is a network of distributed optical sensors, using "laser" beams, to provide real-time flight control data for on-board processing.

"Flight path optimisation" (7) is a procedure that minimizes deviations from a four-dimensional (space and time) desired trajectory based on maximizing performance or effectiveness for mission tasks.

"Focal plane array" (6) means a linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane.

N.B.: This is not intended to include a stack of single detector elements or any two, three or four element detectors provided time delay and integration is not performed within the element.

"Fractional bandwidth" (3) means the "instantaneous bandwidth" divided by the centre frequency, expressed as a percentage.

"Frequency hopping" (5) means a form of "spread spectrum" in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by a random or pseudo-random sequence of discrete steps.

"Frequency switching time" (3 5) means the maximum time (i.e., delay), taken by a signal, when switched from one selected output frequency to another selected output frequency, to reach:

"Frequency synthesiser" (3) means any kind of frequency source or signal generator, regardless of the actual technique used, providing a multiplicity of simultaneous or alternative output frequencies, from one or more outputs, controlled by, derived from or disciplined by a lesser number of standard (or master) frequencies.

"Full Authority Digital Engine Control" ("FADEC") (7 9) means an electronic control system for gas turbine or combined cycle engines utilising a digital computer to control the variables required to regulate engine thrust or shaft power output throughout the engine operating range from the beginning of fuel metering to fuel shutoff.

"Gas Atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal alloy to droplets of 500 micrometre diameter or less by a high pressure gas stream.

"Geographically dispersed" (6) is where each location is distant from any other more than 1 500 m in any direction. Mobile sensors are always considered "geographically dispersed".

"Guidance set" (7) means systems that integrate the process of measuring and computing a vehicles position and velocity (i.e. navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicles flight control systems to correct the trajectory.

"Hot isostatic densification" (2) means the process of pressurising a casting at temperatures exceeding 375 K (102 °C) in a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal force in all directions to reduce or eliminate internal voids in the casting.

"Hybrid computer" (4) means equipment which can perform all of the following:

"Hybrid integrated circuit" (3) means any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with 'circuit elements' or 'discrete components' connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following characteristics:

N.B. 1:'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

N.B. 2:'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

"Image enhancement" (4) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false coloration.

"Immunotoxin" (1) is a conjugate of one cell specific monoclonal antibody and a "toxin" or "sub-unit of toxin", that selectively affects diseased cells.

"In the public domain" (GTN NTN GSN), as it applies herein, means "technology" or "software" which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination (copyright restrictions do not remove "technology" or "software" from being "in the public domain").

"Information security" (4 5) is all the means and functions ensuring the accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communications, excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions. This includes "cryptography", 'cryptanalysis', protection against compromising emanations and computer security.

N.B.:'Cryptanalysis': analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text.

"Instantaneous bandwidth" (3 5 7) means the bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.

"Instrumented range" (6) means the specified unambiguous display range of a radar.

"Insulation" (9) is applied to the components of a rocket motor, i.e. the case, nozzle, inlets, case closures, and includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material. It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps.

"Interconnected radar sensors" (6) means two or more radar sensors are interconnected when they mutually exchange data in real time.

"Interior lining" (9) is suited for the bond interface between the solid propellant and the case or insulating liner. Usually a liquid polymer based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials, e.g. carbon filled hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or other polymer with added curing agents sprayed or screeded over a case interior.

"Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer" (6) is a single magnetic field gradient sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

N.B.: See also "magnetic gradiometer".

"Isolated live cultures" (1) includes live cultures in dormant form and in dried preparations.

"Isostatic presses" (2) mean equipment capable of pressurising a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.

"Laser" (0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9) is an assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.

"Linearity" (2) (usually measured in terms of non-linearity) means the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalise and minimise the maximum deviations.

"Local area network" (4) is a data communication system having all of the following characteristics:

N.B.:'Data device' means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.

"Magnetic Gradiometers" (6) are instruments designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of multiple "magnetometers" and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

N.B.: See also "intrinsic magnetic gradiometer".

"Magnetometers" (6) are instruments designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of the magnetic field.

"Main storage" (4) means the primary storage for data or instructions for rapid access by a central processing unit. It consists of the internal storage of a "digital computer" and any hierarchical extension thereto, such as cache storage or non-sequentially accessed extended storage.

"Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6" (0) may be copper, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloy containing 60 weight percent or more nickel and UF6- resistant fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers, as appropriate for the type of separation process.

"Matrix" (1 2 8 9) means a substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibres.

"Measurement uncertainty" (2) is the characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with a confidence level of 95 %. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations (ref. ISO 10360-2, or VDI/VDE 2617).

"Mechanical Alloying" (1) means an alloying process resulting from the bonding, fracturing and rebonding of elemental and master alloy powders by mechanical impact. Non-metallic particles may be incorporated in the alloy by addition of the appropriate powders.

"Melt Extraction" (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly' and extract a ribbon-like alloy product by the insertion of a short segment of a rotating chilled block into a bath of a molten metal alloy.

N.B.:'Solidify rapidly': solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/s.

"Melt Spinning" (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly' a molten metal stream impinging upon a rotating chilled block, forming a flake, ribbon or rod-like product.

N.B.:'Solidify rapidly': solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/s.

"Microcomputer microcircuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.

N.B.: The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.

"Microprocessor microcircuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or "multichip integrated circuit" containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.

N.B. 1: The "microprocessor microcircuit" normally does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function.

N.B. 2: This includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a "microprocessor microcircuit".

"Microorganisms" (1 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of isolated live cultures or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.

"Missiles" (1 3 6 7 9) means complete rocket systems and unmanned air vehicle systems, capable of delivering at least 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km.

"Monofilament" (1) or filament is the smallest increment of fibre, usually several micrometres in diameter.

"Monolithic integrated circuit" (3) means a combination of passive or active 'circuit elements' or both which:

N.B.:'Circuit element' is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"Monospectral imaging sensors" (6) are capable of acquisition of imaging data from one discrete spectral band.

"Multichip integrated circuit" (3) means two or more "monolithic integrated circuits" bonded to a common "substrate".

"Multi-data-stream processing" (4) means the 'microprogramme' or equipment architecture technique which permits simultaneous processing of two or more data sequences under the control of one or more instruction sequences by means such as:

N.B.:'Microprogramme' means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.

"Multispectral imaging sensors" (6) are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors.

"Natural uranium" (0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.

"Network access controller" (4) means a physical interface to a distributed switching network. It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the same "digital transfer rate" using arbitration (e.g., token or carrier sense) for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or data groups (e.g., IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

"Neural computer" (4) means a computational device designed or modified to mimic the behaviour of a neuron or a collection of neurons, i.e., a computational device which is distinguished by its hardware capability to modulate the weights and numbers of the interconnections of a multiplicity of computational components based on previous data.

"Noise level" (6) means an electrical signal given in terms of power spectral density. The relation between "noise level" expressed in peak-to-peak is given by S2 pp = 8 No(f2–f1), where Spp is the peak-to-peak value of the signal (e.g., nanoteslas), No is the power spectral density (e.g., (nanotesla)2/Hz) and (f2–f1) defines the bandwidth of interest.

"Nuclear reactor" (0) means the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.

"Numerical control" (2) means the automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (ref. ISO 2382).

"Object code" (9) means an equipment executable form of a convenient expression of one or more processes ("source code" (source language)) which has been converted by programming system.

"Optical amplification" (5), in optical communications, means an amplification technique that introduces a gain of optical signals that have been generated by a separate optical source, without conversion to electrical signals, i.e., using semiconductor optical amplifiers, optical fibre luminescent amplifiers.

"Optical computer" (4) means a computer designed or modified to use light to represent data and whose computational logic elements are based on directly coupled optical devices.

"Optical integrated circuit" (3) means a "monolithic integrated circuit" or a "hybrid integrated circuit", containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).

"Optical switching" (5) means the routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.

"Overall current density" (3) means the total number of ampere-turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).

"Participating state" (7 9) is a state participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement. (See www.wassenaar.org)

"Peak power" (6), means energy per pulse in joules divided by the pulse duration in seconds.

"Personalized smart card" (5) means a smart card containing a microcircuit which has been programmed for a specific application and cannot be reprogrammed for any other application by the user.

"Power management" (7) means changing the transmitted power of the altimeter signal so that received power at the "aircraft" altitude is always at the minimum necessary to determine the altitude.

"Pressure transducers" (2) are devices that convert pressure measurements into an electrical signal.

"Previously separated" (0 1) means the application of any process intended to increase the concentration of the controlled isotope.

"Primary flight control" (7) means an "aircraft" stability or manoeuvering control using force/moment generators, i.e., aerodynamic control surfaces or propulsive thrust vectoring.

"Principal element" (4), as it applies in Category 4, is a "principal element" when its replacement value is more than 35 % of the total value of the system of which it is an element. Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator. Total value is the normal international selling price to unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment.

"Production" (GTN NTN All) means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.

"Production equipment" (1 7 9) means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".

"Production facilities" (7 9) means equipment and specially designed software therefor integrated into installations for "development" or for one or more phases of "production".

"Programme" (2 6) means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.

"Pulse compression" (6) means the coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.

"Pulse duration" (6) is the duration of a "laser" pulse measured at Full Width Half Intensity (FWHI) levels.

"Q-switched laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the energy is stored in the population inversion or in the optical resonator and subsequently emitted in a pulse.

"Radar frequency agility" (6) means any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.

"Radar spread spectrum" (6) means any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.

"Real-time bandwidth" (2 3) for "dynamic signal analysers" is the widest frequency range which the analyser can output to display or mass storage without causing any discontinuity in the analysis of the input data. For analysers with more than one channel, the channel configuration yielding the widest "real-time bandwidth" shall be used to make the calculation.

"Real time processing" (6 7) means the processing of data by a computer system providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources, within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when stimulated by an external event.

"Required" (GTN 1-9), as applied to "technology" or "software", refers to only that portion of "technology" or "software" which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or extending the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such "required""technology" or "software" may be shared by different goods.

"Resolution" (2) means the least increment of a measuring device; on digital instruments, the least significant bit (ref. ANSI B-89.1.12).

"Robot" (2 8) means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:

N.B.: The above definition does not include the following devices:

"Rotary atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a stream or pool of molten metal to droplets to a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by centrifugal force.

"Roving" (1) is a bundle (typically 12-120) of approximately parallel 'strands'.

N.B.:'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

"Run-out" (2) (out-of-true running) means radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Reference: ISO 230/1 1986, paragraph 5.61).

"Scale factor" (gyro or accelerometer) (7) means the ratio of change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares to input-output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input range.

"Settling time" (3) means the time required for the output to come within one-half bit of the final value when switching between any two levels of the converter.

"SHPL" is equivalent to "super high power laser".

"Signal analysers" (3) means apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency signals.

"Signal processing" (3 4 5 6) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).

"Software" (GSN All) means a collection of one or more "programmes" or 'microprogrammes' fixed in any tangible medium of expression.

N.B.:'Microprogramme' means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.

"Source code" (or source language) (4 6 7 9) is a convenient expression of one or more processes which may be turned by a programming system into equipment executable form ("object code" (or object language)).

"Spacecraft" (7 9) means active and passive satellites and space probes.

"Space qualified" (3 6) refers to products designed, manufactured and tested to meet the special electrical, mechanical or environmental requirements for use in the launch and deployment of satellites or high altitude flight systems operating at altitudes of 100 km or higher.

"Special fissile material" (0) means plutonium-239, uranium-233, "uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233", and any material containing the foregoing.

"Specific modulus" (0 1 9) is Young's modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2) K ((23 ± 2) °C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.

"Specific tensile strength" (0 1 9) is ultimate tensile strength in pascals, equivalent to N/m2 divided by specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2) K ((23 ± 2) °C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5) %.

"Splat Quenching" (1) means a process to 'solidify rapidly' a molten metal stream impinging upon a chilled block, forming a flake-like product.

N.B.:'Solidify rapidly' solidification of molten material at cooling rates exceeding 1 000 K/s.

"Spread spectrum" (5) means the technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.

"Spread spectrum" radar (6) - see "Radar spread spectrum"

"Stability" (7) means the standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time.

"States (not) Party to the Chemical Weapon Convention" (1) are those states for which the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons has (not) entered into force. (See www.opcw.org)

"Stored programme controlled" (2 3 8) means controlled by using instructions stored in an electronic storage which a processor can execute in order to direct the performance of predetermined functions.

N.B.: Equipment may be "stored programme controlled" whether the electronic storage is internal or external to the equipment.

"Substrate" (3) means a sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which 'discrete components' or integrated circuits or both can be located.

N.B. 1:'Discrete component': a separately packaged 'circuit element' with its own external connections.

N.B. 2:'Circuit element': a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

"Substrate blanks" (6) means monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.

"Sub-unit of toxin" (1) is a structurally and functionally discrete component of a whole "toxin".

"Superalloys" (2 9) means nickel-, cobalt- or iron-base alloys having strengths superior to any alloys in the AISI 300 series at temperatures over 922 K (649 °C) under severe environmental and operating conditions.

"Superconductive" (1 3 6 8) means materials, i.e., metals, alloys or compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e., which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.

N.B.: The "superconductive" state of a material is individually characterised by a "critical temperature", a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature.

"Super High Power Laser" ("SHPL") (6) means a "laser" capable of delivering (the total or any portion of) the output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an average or CW power exceeding 20 kW.

"Superplastic forming" (1 2) means a deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterised by low values of elongation (less than 20 %) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing which are at least 2 times those values.

"Symmetric algorithm" (5) means a cryptographic algorithm using an identical key for both encryption and decryption.

N.B.: A common use of "symmetric algorithms" is confidentiality of data.

"System tracks" (6) means processed, correlated (fusion of radar target data to flight plan position) and updated aircraft flight position report available to the Air Traffic Control centre controllers.

"Systolic array computer" (4) means a computer where the flow and modification of the data is dynamically controllable at the logic gate level by the user.

"Tape" (1) is a material constructed of interlaced or unidirectional "monofilaments", 'strands', "rovings", "tows", or "yarns", etc., usually preimpregnated with resin.

N.B.:'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

"Technology" (GTN NTN All) means specific information necessary for the "development", "production" or "use" of goods. This information takes the form of 'technical data' or 'technical assistance'.

N.B. 1:'Technical assistance' may take forms such as instructions, skills, training, working knowledge and consulting services and may involve the transfer of "technical data".

N.B. 2:'Technical data' may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.

"Tilting spindle" (2) means a tool-holding spindle which alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect to any other axis.

"Time constant" (6) is the time taken from the application of a light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1-1/e times the final value (i.e., 63 % of the final value).

"Time-modulated ultra-wideband" (5) means the technique in which very short precisely time-controlled RF pulses are modulated in accordance with communications data by shifting pulse positions (usually called Pulse Position Modulation, PPM) channelised or scrambled in accordance with pseudo-random noise codes by PPM, then transmitted and received in the direct pulse form without using any carrier frequencies, consequently having extremely low power density over ultra-wide frequency bands. It is also known as Impulse Radio.

"Total control of flight" ( 7) means an automated control of "aircraft" state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other "aircraft".

"Total digital transfer rate" (5) means the number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system.

N.B.: See also "digital transfer rate".

"Tow" (1) is a bundle of "monofilaments", usually approximately parallel.

"Toxins" (1 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of "microorganisms".

"Transfer laser" (6) means a "laser" in which the lasing species is excited through the transfer of energy by collision of a non-lasing atom or molecule with a lasing atom or molecule species.

"Tunable" (6) means the ability of a "laser" to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several "laser" transitions. A line selectable "laser" produces discrete wavelengths within one "laser" transition and is not considered "tunable".

"Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233" (0) means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233, or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0,72 per cent).

"Use" (GTN NTN All) means operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.

"User accessible programmability" (6) means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace "programmes" by means other than:

"Vaccine" (1) is a medicinal product in a pharmaceutical formulation licensed by, or having marketing or clinical trial authorisation from, the regulatory authorities of either the country of manufacture or of use, which is intended to stimulate a protective immunological response in humans or animals in order to prevent disease in those to whom or to which it is administered.

"Vacuum Atomisation" (1) means a process to reduce a molten stream of metal to droplets of a diameter of 500 micrometre or less by the rapid evolution of a dissolved gas upon exposure to a vacuum.

"Variable geometry airfoils" (7) means the use of trailing edge flaps or tabs, or leading edge slats or pivoted nose droop, the position of which can be controlled in flight.

"Yarn" (1) is a bundle of twisted 'strands'.

N.B.:'Strand' is a bundle of "monofilaments" (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

a. "Nuclear reactors" capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction;

b. Metal vessels, or major shop-fabricated parts therefor, specially designed or prepared to contain the core of a "nuclear reactor", including the reactor vessel head for a reactor pressure vessel;

c. Manipulative equipment specially designed or prepared for inserting or removing fuel in a "nuclear reactor";

d. Control rods specially designed or prepared for the control of the fission process in a "nuclear reactor", support or suspension structures therefor, rod drive mechanisms and rod guide tubes;

e. Pressure tubes specially designed or prepared to contain fuel elements and the primary coolant in a "nuclear reactor" at an operating pressure in excess of 5,1 MPa;

f. Zirconium metal and alloys in the form of tubes or assemblies of tubes in which the ratio of hafnium to zirconium is less than 1:500 parts by weight, specially designed or prepared for use in a "nuclear reactor";

g. Coolant pumps specially designed or prepared for circulating the primary coolant of "nuclear reactors";

h. 'Nuclear reactor internals' specially designed or prepared for use in a "nuclear reactor", including support columns for the core, fuel channels, thermal shields, baffles, core grid plates, and diffuser plates;

Note: In 0A001.h. 'nuclear reactor internals' means any major structure within a reactor vessel which has one or more functions such as supporting the core, maintaining fuel alignment, directing primary coolant flow, providing radiation shields for the reactor vessel, and guiding in-core instrumentation.

i. Heat exchangers (steam generators) specially designed or prepared for use in the primary coolant circuit of a "nuclear reactor";

j. Neutron detection and measuring instruments specially designed or prepared for determining neutron flux levels within the core of a "nuclear reactor".

a. Plant specially designed for separating isotopes of "natural uranium", "depleted uranium", and "special fissile materials", as follows:

b. Gas centrifuges and assemblies and components, specially designed or prepared for gas centrifuge separation process, as follows:

Note: In 0B001.b. 'high strength-to-density ratio material' means any of the following:

c. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for gaseous diffusion separation process, as follows:

d. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for aerodynamic separation process, as follows:

e. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for chemical exchange separation process, as follows:

f. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for ion-exchange separation process, as follows:

g. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for atomic vapour "laser" isotope separation process (AVLIS), as follows:

h. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for molecular "laser" isotope separation process (MLIS) or chemical reaction by isotope selective laser activation (CRISLA), as follows:

i. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for plasma separation process, as follows:

j. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for electromagnetic separation process, as follows:

a. Feed autoclaves, ovens or systems used for passing UF6 to the enrichment process;

b. Desublimers or cold traps, used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;

c. Product and tails stations for transferring UF6 into containers;

d. Liquefaction or solidification stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing, cooling and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;

e. Piping systems and header systems specially designed for handling UF6 within gaseous diffusion, centrifuge or aerodynamic cascades;

g. UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources specially designed or prepared for taking on-line samples of feed, product or tails from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:

a. Systems for the conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3;

b. Systems for the conversion of UO3 to UF6;

c. Systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO2;

d. Systems for the conversion of UO2 to UF4;

e. Systems for the conversion of UF4 to UF6;

f. Systems for the conversion of UF4 to uranium metal;

g. Systems for the conversion of UF6 to UO2;

h. Systems for the conversion of UF6 to UF4;

i. Systems for the conversion of UO2 to UCl4.

a. Plant for the production of heavy water, deuterium or deuterium compounds, as follows:

b. Equipment and components, as follows:

a.   Normally comes into direct contact with or directly processes or controls the production flow of nuclear materials;

b.   Seals the nuclear materials within the cladding;

c.   Checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal; or

d.   Checks the finish treatment of the sealed fuel.

a.   Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated "nuclear reactor" fuel elements including equipment and components which normally come into direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams;

b.   Fuel element chopping or shredding machines, i.e. remotely operated equipment to cut, chop, shred or shear irradiated "nuclear reactor" fuel assemblies, bundles or rods;

c.   Dissolvers, critically safe tanks (e.g. small diameter, annular or slab tanks) specially designed or prepared for the dissolution of irradiated "nuclear reactor" fuel, which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquids, and which can be remotely loaded and maintained;

d.   Counter-current solvent extractors and ion-exchange processing equipment specially designed or prepared for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated "natural uranium", "depleted uranium" or "special fissile materials";

e.   Holding or storage vessels specially designed to be critically safe and resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid;

Note: Holding or storage vessels may have the following features:

f.   Process control instrumentation specially designed or prepared for monitoring or controlling the reprocessing of irradiated "natural uranium", "depleted uranium" or "special fissile materials".

a. Systems for the conversion of plutonium nitrate to oxide;

b. Systems for plutonium metal production.

a.   Four grammes or less of "natural uranium" or "depleted uranium" when contained in a sensing component in instruments;

b.   "Depleted uranium" specially fabricated for the following civil non-nuclear applications:

c.   Alloys containing less than 5 % thorium;

d.   Ceramic products containing thorium, which have been manufactured for non-nuclear use.

a.   Manufactures of graphite having a mass less than 1 kg, other than those specially designed or prepared for use in a nuclear reactor;

b.   Graphite powder.

a. Seals, gaskets, sealants or fuel bladders specially designed for "aircraft" or aerospace use made from more than 50 % by weight of any of the materials specified in 1C009.b. or 1C009.c.;

b. Piezoelectric polymers and copolymers made from vinylidene fluoride materials specified in 1C009.a.:

c. Seals, gaskets, valve seats, bladders or diaphragms made from fluoroelastomers containing at least one vinylether group as a constitutional unit, specially designed for "aircraft", aerospace or 'missile' use.

Note: In 1A001.c., 'missile' means complete rocket systems and unmanned air vehicle systems.

a. An organic "matrix" and made from materials specified in 1C010.c., 1C010.d. or 1C010.e.; or

b. A metal or carbon "matrix" and made from:

a.   Sporting goods;

b.   Automotive industry;

c.   Machine tool industry;

d.   Medical applications.

a. With a thickness exceeding 0,254 mm; or

b. Coated or laminated with carbon, graphite, metals or magnetic substances.

a. Gas masks, filter canisters and decontamination equipment therefor designed or modified for defence against biological agents or radioactive materials "adapted for use in war" or chemical warfare (CW) agents and specially designed components therefor;

b. Protective suits, gloves and shoes specially designed or modified for defence against biological agents or radioactive materials "adapted for use in war" or chemical warfare (CW) agents;

c. Nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) detection systems specially designed or modified for detection or identification of biological agents or radioactive materials "adapted for use in war" or chemical warfare (CW) agents and specially designed components therefor.

a.   Personal radiation monitoring dosimeters;

b.   Equipment limited by design or function to protect against hazards specific to civil industries, such as mining, quarrying, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or to the food industry.

a. An inside diameter of between 75 mm and 400 mm; and

b. Made with any of the "fibrous or filamentary materials" specified in 1C010.a. or b. or 1C210.a. or with carbon prepreg materials specified in 1C210.c.

a. Made of phosphor bronze mesh chemically treated to improve wettability; and

b. Designed to be used in vacuum distillation towers.

a. A 'cold area' greater than 0,09 m2;

b. A density greater than 3 g/cm3; and

c. A thickness of 100 mm or greater.

a. Filament winding machines of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres are coordinated and programmed in three or more axes, specially designed for the manufacture of "composite" structures or laminates from "fibrous or filamentary materials";

b. Tape-laying or tow-placement machines of which the motions for positioning and laying tape, tows or sheets are coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, specially designed for the manufacture of "composite" airframe or 'missile' structures;

Note: In 1B001.b., 'missile' means complete rocket systems and unmanned air vehicle systems.

c. Multidirectional, multidimensional weaving machines or interlacing machines, including adapters and modification kits, for weaving, interlacing or braiding fibres to manufacture "composite" structures;

Technical Note:

For the purposes of 1B001.c. the technique of interlacing includes knitting.

Note: 1B001.c. does not control textile machinery not modified for the above end-uses.

d. Equipment specially designed or adapted for the production of reinforcement fibres, as follows:

e. Equipment for producing prepregs specified in 1C010.e. by the hot melt method;

f. Non-destructive inspection equipment capable of inspecting defects three dimensionally, using ultrasonic or X-ray tomography and specially designed for "composite" materials.

a. Airframe or aerospace structures;

b. "Aircraft" or aerospace engines; or

c. Specially designed components for those structures or engines.

a. Filament winding machines of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres can be coordinated and programmed in three or more axes, designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from fibrous or filamentary materials, and coordinating and programming controls;

b. Tape-laying machines of which the motions for positioning and laying tape and sheets can be coordinated and programmed in two or more axes, designed for the manufacture of composite airframe and "missile" structures;

c. Equipment designed or modified for the "production" of "fibrous or filamentary materials" as follows:

d. Equipment designed or modified for special fibre surface treatment or for producing prepregs and preforms specified in entry 9C110.

Note: 1B101.d. includes rollers, tension stretchers, coating equipment, cutting equipment and clicker dies.

a. Metal powder "production equipment" usable for the "production", in a controlled environment, of spherical or atomised materials specified in 1C011.a., 1C011.b., 1C111.a.1., 1C111.a.2. or in the Military Goods Controls.

b. Specially designed components for "production equipment" specified in 1B002 or 1B102.a.

a.   Plasma generators (high frequency arc-jet) usable for obtaining sputtered or spherical metallic powders with organization of the process in an argon-water environment;

b.   Electroburst equipment usable for obtaining sputtered or spherical metallic powders with organization of the process in an argon-water environment;

c.   Equipment usable for the "production" of spherical aluminium powders by powdering a melt in an inert medium (e.g. nitrogen).

a. "Production equipment" for the "production", handling or acceptance testing of liquid propellants or propellant constituents specified in 1C011.a., 1C011.b., 1C111 or in the Military Goods Controls;

b. "Production equipment" for the "production", handling, mixing, curing, casting, pressing, machining, extruding or acceptance testing of solid propellants or propellant constituents specified in 1C011.a., 1C011.b., 1C111 or in the Military Goods Controls.

Note: 1B115.b. does not control batch mixers, continuous mixers or fluid energy mills. For the control of batch mixers, continuous mixers and fluid energy mills see 1B117, 1B118 and 1B119.

a. A total volumetric capacity of 110 litres or more; and

b. At least one mixing/kneading shaft mounted off centre.

a. Two or more mixing/kneading shafts; or

b. A single rotating shaft which oscillates and having kneading teeth/pins on the shaft as well as inside the casing of the mixing chamber.

a. Filament winding machines having all of the following characteristics:

b. Coordinating and programming controls for the filament winding machines specified in 1B201.a.;

c. Precision mandrels for the filament winding machines specified in 1B201.a.

a.   Capable of enriching stable isotopes;

b.   With the ion sources and collectors both in the magnetic field and those configurations in which they are external to the field.

a. Designed for operation with internal temperatures of 35 K (– 238 °C) or less;

b. Designed for operation at an internal pressure of 0,5 to 5 MPa;

c. Constructed of either:

d. With internal diameters of 1 m or greater and effective lengths of 5 m or greater.

a. Water-hydrogen sulphide exchange tray columns, having all of the following characteristics:

b. 'Internal contactors' for the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange tray columns specified in 1B229.a.

Technical Note:

'Internal contactors' of the columns are segmented trays which have an effective assembled diameter of 1,8 m or greater, are designed to facilitate countercurrent contacting and are constructed of stainless steels with a carbon content of 0,03 % or less. These may be sieve trays, valve trays, bubble cap trays, or turbogrid trays.

a. Airtight (i.e., hermetically sealed);

b. A capacity greater than 8,5 m3/h; and

c. Either of the following characteristics:

a. Facilities or plants for the production, recovery, extraction, concentration, or handling of tritium;

b. Equipment for tritium facilities or plants, as follows:

a. Designed for operation with an outlet temperature of 35 K (– 238 °C) or less; and

b. Designed for a throughput of hydrogen gas of 1 000 kg/h or greater.

a. Facilities or plants for the separation of lithium isotopes;

b. Equipment for the separation of lithium isotopes, as follows:

Unless provision to the contrary is made, the words 'metals' and 'alloys' in 1C001 to 1C012 cover crude and semi-fabricated forms, as follows:

Anodes, balls, bars (including notched bars and wire bars), billets, blocks, blooms, brickets, cakes, cathodes, crystals, cubes, dice, grains, granules, ingots, lumps, pellets, pigs, powder, rondelles, shot, slabs, slugs, sponge, sticks;

a.   Wrought or worked materials fabricated by rolling, drawing, extruding, forging, impact extruding, pressing, graining, atomising, and grinding, i.e.: angles, channels, circles, discs, dust, flakes, foils and leaf, forging, plate, powder, pressings and stampings, ribbons, rings, rods (including bare welding rods, wire rods, and rolled wire), sections, shapes, sheets, strip, pipe and tubes (including tube rounds, squares, and hollows), drawn or extruded wire;

b.   Cast material produced by casting in sand, die, metal, plaster or other types of moulds, including high pressure castings, sintered forms, and forms made by powder metallurgy.

a. Materials for absorbing frequencies exceeding 2 × 108 Hz but less than 3 × 1012 Hz;

Note 1: 1C001.a. does not control:

Note 2: Nothing in Note 1 to 1C001.a. releases magnetic materials to provide absorption when contained in paint.

b. Materials for absorbing frequencies exceeding 1,5 × 1014 Hz but less than 3,7 × 1014 Hz and not transparent to visible light;

c. Intrinsically conductive polymeric materials with a 'bulk electrical conductivity' exceeding 10 000 S/m (Siemens per metre) or a 'sheet (surface) resistivity' of less than 100 ohms/square, based on any of the following polymers:

Technical Note:

'Bulk electrical conductivity' and 'sheet (surface) resistivity' should be determined using ASTM D-257 or national equivalents.

1.   The metal alloys in 1C002 are those containing a higher percentage by weight of the stated metal than of any other element.

2.   Stress-rupture life should be measured in accordance with ASTM standard E-139 or national equivalents.

3.   Low cycle fatigue life should be measured in accordance with ASTM Standard E-606 'Recommended Practice for Constant-Amplitude Low-Cycle Fatigue Testing' or national equivalents. Testing should be axial with an average stress ratio equal to 1 and a stress-concentration factor (Kt) equal to 1. The average stress is defined as maximum stress minus minimum stress divided by maximum stress.

a. Aluminides, as follows:

b. Metal alloys, as follows, made from material specified in 1C002.c.:

c. Metal alloy powder or particulate material, having all of the following characteristics:

d. Alloyed materials having all of the following characteristics:

a. Initial relative permeability of 120 000 or more and a thickness of 0,05 mm or less;

Technical Note:

Measurement of initial permeability must be performed on fully annealed materials.

b. Magnetostrictive alloys, having any of the following characteristics:

c. Amorphous or 'nanocrystalline' alloy strips, having all of the following characteristics:

Technical Note:

'Nanocrystalline' materials in 1C003.c. are those materials having a crystal grain size of 50 nm or less, as determined by X-ray diffraction.

a. A density exceeding 17,5 g/cm3;

b. An elastic limit exceeding 880 MPa;

c. An ultimate tensile strength exceeding 1 270 MPa; and

d. An elongation exceeding 8 %.

a. Multifilamentary "superconductive""composite" conductors containing one or more niobium-titanium filaments:

b. "Superconductive""composite" conductors consisting of one or more "superconductive" filaments other than niobium-titanium, having all of the following:

a. Hydraulic fluids containing, as their principal ingredients, any of the following compounds or materials:

b. Lubricating materials containing, as their principal ingredients, any of the following compounds or materials:

c. Damping or flotation fluids with a purity exceeding 99,8 %, containing less than 25 particles of 200 μm or larger in size per 100 ml and made from at least 85 % of any of the following compounds or materials:

d. Fluorocarbon electronic cooling fluids, having all of the following characteristics:

a.   Flash point is determined using the Cleveland Open Cup Method described in ASTM D-92 or national equivalents;

b.   Pour point is determined using the method described in ASTM D-97 or national equivalents;

c.   Viscosity index is determined using the method described in ASTM D-2270 or national equivalents;

d.   Thermal stability is determined by the following test procedure or national equivalents:

The specimen will be considered thermally stable if, on completion of the above procedure, all of the following conditions are met:

e.   Autogenous ignition temperature is determined using the method described in ASTM E-659 or national equivalents.

a. Base materials of single or complex borides of titanium having total metallic impurities, excluding intentional additions, of less than 5 000 ppm, an average particle size equal to or less than 5 μm and no more than 10 % of the particles larger than 10 μm;

b. Non- "composite" ceramic materials in crude or semi-fabricated form, composed of borides of titanium with a density of 98 % or more of the theoretical density;

Note: 1C007.b. does not control abrasives.

c. Ceramic-ceramic "composite" materials with a glass or oxide-"matrix" and reinforced with fibres having all of the following:

d. Ceramic-ceramic "composite" materials, with or without a continuous metallic phase, incorporating particles, whiskers or fibres, where carbides or nitrides of silicon, zirconium or boron form the "matrix";

e. Precursor materials (i.e., special purpose polymeric or metallo-organic materials) for producing any phase or phases of the materials specified in 1C007.c., as follows:

f. Ceramic-ceramic "composite" materials with an oxide or glass "matrix" reinforced with continuous fibres from any of the following systems:

Note: 1C007.f. does not control "composites" containing fibres from these systems with a fibre tensile strength of less than 700 MPa at 1 273 K (1 000 °C) or fibre tensile creep resistance of more than 1 % creep strain at 100 MPa load and 1 273 K (1 000 °C) for 100 hours.

Note: 1C008.a. does not control non-fusible compression moulding powders or moulded forms.

b. Thermoplastic liquid crystal copolymers having a heat distortion temperature exceeding 523 K (250 °C) measured according to ASTM D-648, method A, or national equivalents, with a load of 1,82 N/mm2 and composed of:

c. Polyarylene ether ketones, as follows:

d. Polyarylene ketones;

e. Polyarylene sulphides, where the arylene group is biphenylene, triphenylene or combinations thereof;

f. Polybiphenylenethersulphone.

a. Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride having 75 % or more beta crystalline structure without stretching;

b. Fluorinated polyimides containing 10 % by weight or more of combined fluorine;

c. Fluorinated phosphazene elastomers containing 30 % by weight or more of combined fluorine.

a. Organic "fibrous or filamentary materials", having all of the following:

Note: 1C010.a. does not control polyethylene.

b. Carbon "fibrous or filamentary materials", having all of the following:

Note: 1C010.b. does not control fabric made from "fibrous or filamentary materials" for the repair of aircraft structures or laminates, in which the size of individual sheets does not exceed 50 cm × 90 cm.

Technical Note:

Properties for materials described in 1C010.b. should be determined using SACMA recommended methods SRM 12 to 17, or national equivalent tow tests, such as Japanese Industrial Standard JIS-R-7601, Paragraph 6.6.2., and based on lot average.

c. Inorganic "fibrous or filamentary materials", having all of the following:

Note: 1C010.c. does not control:

d. "Fibrous or filamentary materials":

e. Resin-impregnated or pitch-impregnated fibres (prepregs), metal or carbon-coated fibres (preforms) or "carbon fibre preforms", as follows:

Notes: 1C010.e. does not control:

Technical Note:

The glass transition temperature (Tg) for 1C010.e. materials is determined using the method described in ASTM D 3418 using the dry method. The glass transition temperature for phenolic and epoxy resins is determined using the method described in ASTM D 4065 at a frequency of 1 Hz and a heating rate of 2 K (°C) per minute using the dry method.

a. Metals in particle sizes of less than 60 μm whether spherical, atomised, spheroidal, flaked or ground, manufactured from material consisting of 99 % or more of zirconium, magnesium and alloys of these;

Technical Note:

The natural content of hafnium in the zirconium (typically 2 % to 7 %) is counted with the zirconium.

Note: The metals or alloys listed in 1C011.a. are controlled whether or not the metals or alloys are encapsulated in aluminium, magnesium, zirconium or beryllium.

b. Boron or boron carbide of 85 % purity or higher and a particle size of 60 μm or less;

Note: The metals or alloys listed in 1C011.b. are controlled whether or not the metals or alloys are encapsulated in aluminium, magnesium, zirconium or beryllium.

c. Guanidine nitrate;

d. Nitroguanidine (NQ) (CAS 556-88-7).

a. Plutonium in any form with a plutonium isotopic assay of plutonium-238 of more than 50 % by weight;

Note: 1C012.a. does not control:

b. "Previously separated" neptunium-237 in any form.

Note: 1C012.b. does not control shipments with a neptunium-237 content of 1 g or less.

a.   Structural materials and coatings specially designed for reduced radar reflectivity;

b.   Coatings, including paints, specially designed for reduced or tailored reflectivity or emissivity in the microwave, infrared or ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

a. Fine grain recrystallised bulk graphites having a bulk density of 1,72 g/cm3 or greater, measured at 288 K (15 °C), and having a particle size of 100 micrometres or less, usable for "missile" nozzles and re-entry vehicle nose tips, as follows:

N.B.: See also 0C004

b. Pyrolytic or fibrous reinforced graphites, usable for "missile" nozzles and re-entry vehicle nose tips;

N.B.: See also 0C004

c. Ceramic composite materials (dielectric constant less than 6 at frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 000 MHz) usable for "missile" radomes;

d. Bulk machinable silicon-carbide reinforced unfired ceramic, usable for "missile" nose tips.

a. Propulsive substances:

b. Polymeric substances:

c. Other propellant additives and agents:

a. Having all of the following characteristics:

b. Having any of the following forms:

a. Aluminium alloys having both of the following characteristics:

b. Titanium alloys having both of the following characteristics:

a. Carbon or aramid 'fibrous or filamentary materials' having either of the following characteristics:

Note: 1C210.a. does not control aramid 'fibrous or filamentary materials' having 0,25 percent or more by weight of an ester based fibre surface modifier;

b. Glass 'fibrous or filamentary materials' having both of the following characteristics:

c. Thermoset resin impregnated continuous "yarns", "rovings", "tows" or "tapes" with a width of 15 mm or less (prepregs), made from carbon or glass 'fibrous or filamentary materials' specified in 1C210.a. or b.

Technical Note:

The resin forms the matrix of the composite.

a. In forms with a hollow cylindrical symmetry (including cylinder segments) with an inside diameter between 100 mm and 300 mm; and

b. A mass greater than 20 kg.

a. Containing less than 1 000 parts per million by weight of metallic impurities other than magnesium; and

b. Containing less than 10 parts per million by weight of boron.

a. Containing less than 200 parts per million by weight of metallic impurities other than calcium; and

b. Containing less than 10 parts per million by weight of boron.

a. A purity of 99,99 % or greater by weight; and

b. Containing less than 10 parts per million by weight of silver.

a.   Metal windows for X-ray machines, or for bore-hole logging devices;

b.   Oxide shapes in fabricated or semi-fabricated forms specially designed for electronic component parts or as substrates for electronic circuits;

c.   Beryl (silicate of beryllium and aluminium) in the form of emeralds or aquamarines.

a. Elemental;

b. Compounds having a total alpha activity of 37 GBq/kg (1 Ci/kg) or greater;

c. Mixtures having a total alpha activity of 37 GBq/kg (1 Ci/kg) or greater;

d. Products or devices containing any of the foregoing.

a.   Medical applicators;

b.   A product or device containing less than 0,37 GBq (10 millicuries) of radium-226.

a. Nickel powder having both of the following characteristics:

b. Porous nickel metal produced from materials specified in 1C240.a.

a.   Filamentary nickel powders;

b.   Single porous nickel sheets with an area of 1 000 cm2 per sheet or less.

1. Thiodiglycol (111-48-8);

2. Phosphorus oxychloride (10025-87-3);

3. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (756-79-6);

4.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR Methyl phosphonyl difluoride (676-99-3);

5. Methyl phosphonyl dichloride (676-97-1);

6. Dimethyl phosphite (868-85-9);

7. Phosphorus trichloride (7719-12-2);

8. Trimethyl phosphite (121-45-9);

9. Thionyl chloride (7719-09-7);

10. 3-Hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine (3554-74-3);

11. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethyl chloride (96-79-7);

12. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethane thiol (5842-07-9);

13. 3-Quinuclidinol (1619-34-7);

14. Potassium fluoride (7789-23-3);

15. 2-Chloroethanol (107-07-3);

16. Dimethylamine (124-40-3);

17. Diethyl ethylphosphonate (78-38-6);

18. Diethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramidate (2404-03-7);

19. Diethyl phosphite (762-04-9);

20. Dimethylamine hydrochloride (506-59-2);

21. Ethyl phosphinyl dichloride (1498-40-4);

22. Ethyl phosphonyl dichloride (1066-50-8);

23.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR Ethyl phosphonyl difluoride (753-98-0);

24. Hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3);

25. Methyl benzilate (76-89-1);

26. Methyl phosphinyl dichloride (676-83-5);

27. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-amino ethanol (96-80-0);

28. Pinacolyl alcohol (464-07-3);

29.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR O-Ethyl-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonite (57856-11-8);

30. Triethyl phosphite (122-52-1);

31. Arsenic trichloride (7784-34-1);

32. Benzilic acid (76-93-7);

33. Diethyl methylphosphonite (15715-41-0);

34. Dimethyl ethylphosphonate (6163-75-3);

35. Ethyl phosphinyl difluoride (430-78-4);

36. Methyl phosphinyl difluoride (753-59-3);

37. 3-Quinuclidone (3731-38-2);

38. Phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8);

39. Pinacolone (75-97-8);

40. Potassium cyanide (151-50-8);

41. Potassium bifluoride (7789-29-9);

42. Ammonium hydrogen fluoride (1341-49-7);

43. Sodium fluoride (7681-49-4);

44. Sodium bifluoride (1333-83-1);

45. Sodium cyanide (143-33-9);

46. Triethanolamine (102-71-6);

47. Phosphorus pentasulphide (1314-80-3);

48. Di-isopropylamine (108-18-9);

49. Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8);

50. Sodium sulphide (1313-82-2);

51. Sulphur monochloride (10025-67-9);

52. Sulphur dichloride (10545-99-0);

53. Triethanolamine hydrochloride (637-39-8);

54. N,N-Diisopropyl-(Beta)-aminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (4261-68-1).

a. Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

b. Rickettsiae, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

c. Bacteria, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

d. "Toxins", as follows, and "sub-unit of toxins" thereof:

Note: 1C351.d. does not control botulinum toxins or conotoxins in product form meeting all of the following criteria:

a. Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

b. Mycoplasma mycoides, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such Mycoplasma mycoides.

a. Genetically modified organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity of organisms specified in 1C351.a. to c. or 1C352 or 1C354;

b. Genetically modified organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences coding for any of the "toxins" specified in 1C351.d. or "sub-units of toxins" thereof.

a. Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

b. Bacteria, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

c. Fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of "isolated live cultures" or as material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

a. Toxic chemicals, as follows:

Note 1: For exports to "States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.a.1. and .a.2. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 1 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 2: For exports to "States Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.a.1. and .a.2. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 3: 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.a.4., .a.5., .a.6. and .a.7. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

b. Toxic chemical precursors, as follows:

Note 1: For exports to "States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.b.1., .b.2., .b.3., .b.4., .b.5. and .b.6. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 10 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 2: For exports to "States Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention", 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.b.1., .b.2., .b.3., .b.4., .b.5. and .b.6. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 3: 1C450 does not control "chemical mixtures" containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.b.7., and .b.8. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

a. "Technology" for the "development" or "production" of polybenzothiazoles or polybenzoxazoles;

b. "Technology" for the "development" or "production" of fluoroelastomer compounds containing at least one vinylether monomer;

c. "Technology" for the design or "production" of the following base materials or non-"composite" ceramic materials:

d. "Technology" for the "production" of aromatic polyamide fibres;

e. "Technology" for the installation, maintenance or repair of materials specified in 1C001;

f. "Technology" for the repair of "composite" structures, laminates or materials specified in 1A002, 1C007.c. or 1C007.d.

Note: 1E002.f. does not control "technology" for the repair of "civil aircraft" structures using carbon "fibrous or filamentary materials" and epoxy resins, contained in aircraft manufacturers' manuals.

a. Ball bearings and solid roller bearings having all tolerances specified by the manufacturer in accordance with ISO 492 Tolerance Class 4 (or ANSI/ABMA Std 20 Tolerance Class ABEC-7 or RBEC-7, or other national equivalents), or better, and having both rings and rolling elements (ISO 5593) made from monel or beryllium;

Note: 2A001.a. does not control tapered roller bearings.

b. Other ball bearings and solid roller bearings having all tolerances specified by the manufacturer in accordance with ISO 492 Tolerance Class 2 (or ANSI/ABMA Std 20 Tolerance Class ABEC-9 or RBEC-9, or other national equivalents), or better;

Note: 2A001.b. does not control tapered roller bearings.

c. Active magnetic bearing systems using any of the following:

a. Crucibles having both of the following characteristics:

b. Crucibles having both of the following characteristics:

c. Crucibles having all of the following characteristics:

a. A 'nominal size' of 5 mm or greater;

b. Having a bellows seal; and

c. Wholly made of or lined with aluminium, aluminium alloy, nickel, or nickel alloy containing more than 60 % nickel by weight.

1.   Secondary parallel contouring axes, (e.g., the w-axis on horizontal boring mills or a secondary rotary axis the centre line of which is parallel to the primary rotary axis) are not counted in the total number of contouring axes. Rotary axes need not rotate over 360°. A rotary axis can be driven by a linear device (e.g. a screw or a rack-and-pinion).

2.   For the purposes of 2B, the number of axes which can be co-ordinated simultaneosly for "contouring control" is the number of axes which affect relative movement between any one workpiece and a tool, cutting head or grinding wheel which is cutting or removing material from the workpiece. This does not include any additional axes which affect other relative movement within the machine. Such axes include:

3.   Axis nomenclature shall be in accordance with International Standard ISO 841, 'Numerical Control Machines — Axis and Motion Nomenclature'.

4.   For the purposes of 2B001 to 2B009 a "tilting spindle" is counted as a rotary axis.

5.   Stated positioning accuracy levels derived from measurements made according to ISO 230/2 (1988) ( 9 ) or national equivalents may be used for each machine tool model instead of individual machine tests. Stated positioning accuracy means the accuracy value provided to the competent authorities of the Member State in which the exporter is established as representative of the accuracy of a machine model.

Determination of Stated Values

a.   Crank shafts or cam shafts;

b.   Tools or cutters;

c.   Extruder worms;

d.   Engraved or facetted jewellery parts.

a. Machine tools for turning, having all of the following characteristics:

Note: 2B001.a. does not control turning machines specially designed for the production of contact lenses.

b. Machine tools for milling, having any of the following characteristics:

c. Machine tools for grinding, having any of the following characteristics:

Note: 2B001.c. does not control grinding machines, as follows:

d. Electrical discharge machines (EDM) of the non-wire type which have two or more rotary axes which can be coordinated simultaneously for "contouring control";

e. Machine tools for removing metals, ceramics or "composites" having all of the following characteristics:

f. Deep-hole-drilling machines and turning machines modified for deep-hole-drilling, having a maximum depth-of-bore capability exceeding 5 000 mm and specially designed components therefor.

a. A controlled thermal environment within the closed cavity and a chamber cavity with an inside diameter of 406 mm or more; and

b. Any of the following:

a. "Stored programme controlled" chemical vapour deposition (CVD) production equipment having all of the following:

N.B.: SEE ALSO 2B105.

b. "Stored programme controlled" ion implantation production equipment having beam currents of 5 mA or more;

c. "Stored programme controlled" electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) production equipment incorporating power systems rated for over 80 kW, having any of the following:

d. "Stored programme controlled" plasma spraying production equipment having any of the following characteristics:

e. "Stored programme controlled" sputter deposition production equipment capable of current densities of 0,1 mA/mm2 or higher at a deposition rate of 15 μm/h or more;

f. "Stored programme controlled" cathodic arc deposition production equipment incorporating a grid of electromagnets for steering control of the arc spot on the cathode;

g. "Stored programme controlled" ion plating production equipment allowing for the in situ measurement of any of the following:

a. Computer controlled, "numerically controlled" or "stored programme controlled" co-ordinate measuring machines (CMM), having a three dimensional (volumetric) maximum permissible error of indication (MPEE) at any point within the operating range of the machine (i.e., within the length of axes) equal to or less (better) than (1,7 + L/1 000) μm (L is the measured length in mm), tested according to ISO 10360-2 (2001);

b. Linear and angular displacement measuring instruments, as follows:

c. Equipment for measuring surface irregularities, by measuring optical scatter as a function of angle, with a sensitivity of 0,5 nm or less (better).

a. Capable in real time of full three-dimensional image processing or full three-dimensional 'scene analysis' to generate or modify "programmes" or to generate or modify numerical programme data;

Technical Note:

The 'scene analysis' limitation does not include approximation of the third dimension by viewing at a given angle, or limited grey scale interpretation for the perception of depth or texture for the approved tasks (2 1/2 D).

b. Specially designed to comply with national safety standards applicable to explosive munitions environments;

c. Specially designed or rated as radiation-hardened to withstand a total radiation dose greater than 5 × 103 Gy (silicon) without operational degradation; or

Techncial Note:

The term Gy(silicon) refers to the energy in Joules per kilogram absorbed by an unshielded silicon sample when exposed to ionising radiation.

d. Specially designed to operate at altitudes exceeding 30 000 m.

a. Linear position feedback units (e.g., inductive type devices, graduated scales, infrared systems or "laser" systems) having an overall "accuracy" less (better) than (800 + (600 × L × 10 –3)) nm (L equals the effective length in mm);

N.B.: For "laser" systems see also Note to 2B006.b.1.

b. Rotary position feedback units (e.g., inductive type devices, graduated scales, infrared systems or "laser" systems) having an "accuracy" less (better) than 0,00025°;

N.B.: For "laser" systems see also Note to 2B006.b.1.

c. "Compound rotary tables" and "tilting spindles", capable of upgrading, according to the manufacturer's specifications, machine tools to or above the levels specified in 2B.

a. Two or more controlled axes of which at least two can be coordinated simultaneously for "contouring control"; and

b. A roller force more than 60 kN.

a. Maximum working pressure of 69 MPa or greater;;

b. Designed to achieve and maintain a controlled thermal environment of 873 K (600 °C) or greater; and

c. Possessing a chamber cavity with an inside diameter of 254 mm or greater.

a. Flow-forming machines having all of the following:

b. Specially designed components for flow-forming machines specified in 2B009 or 2B109.a.

a. Vibration test systems employing feedback or closed loop techniques and incorporating a digital controller, capable of vibrating a system at 10 g rms or more over the entire range 20 Hz to 2 000 Hz and imparting forces of 50 kN, measured 'bare table', or greater;

b. Digital controllers, combined with specially designed vibration test software, with a "real time bandwidth" greater than 5 kHz designed for use with vibration test systems specified in 2B116.a.;

c. Vibration thrusters (shaker units), with or without associated amplifiers, capable of imparting a force of 50 kN, measured 'bare table', or greater and usable in vibration test systems specified in 2B116.a.;

d. Test piece support structures and electronic units designed to combine multiple shaker units in a system capable of providing an effective combined force of 50 kN, measured 'bare table', or greater, and usable in vibration systems specified in 2B116.a.

a. Balancing machines having all the following characteristics:

Note: 2B119.a. does not control balancing machines designed or modified for dental or other medical equipment.

b. Indicator heads designed or modified for use with machines specified in 2B119.a.

Technical Note:

Indicator heads are sometimes known as balancing instrumentation.

a. Two axes or more;

b. Slip rings capable of transmitting electrical power and/or signal information; and

c. Having any of the following characteristics:

a. Two axes or more; and

b. A positioning accuracy equal to or better than 5 arc second.

a. Machine tools for milling, having any of the following characteristics:

b. Machine tools for grinding, having any of the following characteristics:

Note: 2B201.b. does not control the following grinding machines:

a. "Isostatic presses" having both of the following characteristics:

b. Dies, moulds and controls, specially designed for "isostatic presses" specified in 2B204.a.

a. Computer controlled or numerically controlled dimensional inspection machines having both of the following characteristics:

b. Systems for simultaneously linear-angular inspection of hemishells, having both of the following characteristics:

1.   The probe used in determining the measurement uncertainty of a dimensional inspection system shall be described in VDI/VDE 2617 parts 2, 3 and 4.

2.   All parameters of measurement values in 2B206 represent plus/minus i.e., not total band.

a. "Robots" or "end-effectors" specially designed to comply with national safety standards applicable to handling high explosives (for example, meeting electrical code ratings for high explosives);

b. Control units specially designed for any of the "robots" or "end-effectors" specified in 2B207.a.

a. Machines having both of the following characteristics:

b. Rotor-forming mandrels designed to form cylindrical rotors of inside diameter between 75 mm and 400 mm.

a. Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing flexible rotors having a length of 600 mm or more and having all of the following characteristics:

b. Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing hollow cylindrical rotor components and having all of the following characteristics:

a. A capability of penetrating 0,6 m or more of hot cell wall (through-the-wall operation); or

b. A capability of bridging over the top of a hot cell wall with a thickness of 0,6 m or more (over-the-wall operation).

a. Furnaces having all of the following characteristics:

b. Power supplies, with a specified power output of 5 kW or more, specially designed for furnaces specified in 2B226.a.

a. Arc remelt and casting furnaces having both of the following characteristics:

b. Electron beam melting furnaces and plasma atomization and melting furnaces, having both of the following characteristics:

c. Computer control and monitoring systems specially configured for any of the furnaces specified in 2B227.a. or b.

a. Rotor assembly equipment for assembly of gas centrifuge rotor tube sections, baffles, and end caps;

Note: 2B228.a. includes precision mandrels, clamps, and shrink fit machines.

b. Rotor straightening equipment for alignment of gas centrifuge rotor tube sections to a common axis;

Technical Note:

In 2B228.b. such equipment normally consists of precision measuring probes linked to a computer that subsequently controls the action of, for example, pneumatic rams used for aligning the rotor tube sections.

c. Bellows-forming mandrels and dies for producing single-convolution bellows.

Technical Note:

In 2B228.c. the bellows have all of the following characteristics:

a. Pressure sensing elements made of or protected by aluminium, aluminium alloy, nickel or nickel alloy with more than 60 % nickel by weight; and

b. Having either of the following characteristics:

a. Input throat size equal to or greater than 380 mm;

b. Pumping speed equal to or greater than 15 m3/s; and

c. Capable of producing an ultimate vacuum better than 13 mPa.

1.   The pumping speed is determined at the measurement point with nitrogen gas or air.

2.   The ultimate vacuum is determined at the input of the pump with the input of the pump blocked off.

a. Reaction vessels or reactors, with or without agitators, with total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0,1 m3 (100 litres) and less than 20 m3 (20 000 litres), where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

b. Agitators for use in reaction vessels or reactors specified in 2B350.a.; and impellers, blades or shafts designed for such agitators, where all surfaces of the agitator that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

c. Storage tanks, containers or receivers with a total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0,1 m3 (100 litres) where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

d. Heat exchangers or condensers with a heat transfer surface area greater than 0,15 m2, and less than 20 m2; and tubes, plates, coils or blocks (cores) designed for such heat exchangers or condensers, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

e. Distillation or absorption columns of internal diameter greater than 0,1 m; and liquid distributers, vapour distributers or liquid collectors designed for such distillation or absorbtion columns, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

f. Remotely operated filling equipment in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

g. Valves with nominal sizes greater than 10 mm and casings (valve bodies) or preformed casing liners designed for such valves, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

h. Multi-walled piping incorporating a leak detection port, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

i. Multiple-seal, canned drive, magnetic drive, bellows or diaphragm pumps, with manufacturer's specified maximum flow-rate greater than 0,6 m3/hour, or vacuum pumps with manufacturer's specified maximum flow-rate greater than 5 m3/hour (under standard temperature (273 K (0 °C)) and pressure (101,3 kPa) conditions); and casings (pump bodies), preformed casing liners, impellers, rotors or jet pump nozzles designed for such pumps, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

j. Incinerators designed to destroy chemicals specified in entry 1C350, having specially designed waste supply systems, special handling facilities and an average combustion chamber temperature greater than 1 273 K (1 000 °C), in which all surfaces in the waste supply system that come into direct contact with the waste products are made from or lined with any of the following materials:

a. Designed for continuous operation and usable for the detection of chemical warfare agents or chemicals specified in 1C350, at concentrations of less than 0,3 mg/m3; or

b. Designed for the detection of cholinesterase-inhibiting activity.

a. Complete biological containment facilities at P3, P4 containment level;

Technical Note:

P3 or P4 (BL3, BL4, L3, L4) containment levels are as specified in the WHO Laboratory Biosafety manual (2nd edition, Geneva 1993).

b. Fermenters capable of cultivation of pathogenic "micro-organisms", viruses or capable of toxin production, without the propagation of aerosols, and having a total capacity of 20 litres or more;

Technical Note:

Fermenters include bioreactors, chemostats and continuous-flow systems.

c. Centrifugal separators, capable of continuous separation without the propagation of aerosols, having all the following characteristics:

Technical Note:

Centrifugal separators include decanters.

d. Cross (tangential) flow filtration equipment and components as follows:

Note: 2B352.d. does not control reverse osmosis equipment, as specified by the manufacturer.

e. Steam sterilisable freeze drying equipment with a condenser capacity exceeding 10 kg of ice in 24 hours and less than 1 000 kg of ice in 24 hours;

f. Protective and containment equipment, as follows:

g. Chambers designed for aerosol challenge testing with "micro-organisms", viruses or "toxins", and having a capacity of 1 m3 or greater.

a. "Technology" for the "development" of interactive graphics as an integrated part in "numerical control" units for preparation or modification of part programmes;

b. "Technology" for metal-working manufacturing processes, as follows:

c. "Technology" for the "development" or "production" of hydraulic stretch-forming machines and dies therefor, for the manufacture of airframe structures;

d. "Technology" for the "development" of generators of machine tool instructions (e.g., part programmes) from design data residing inside "numerical control" units;

e. "Technology" for the "development" of integration "software" for incorporation of expert systems for advanced decision support of shop floor operations into "numerical control" units;

f. "Technology" for the application of inorganic overlay coatings or inorganic surface modification coatings (specified in column 3 of the following table) to non-electronic substrates (specified in column 2 of the following table), by processes specified in column 1 of the following table and defined in the Technical Note.

Note: The table and Technical Note appear after entry 2E301.

1. The term 'coating process' includes coating repair and refurbishing as well as original coating.

2. The term 'alloyed aluminide coating' includes single or multiple-step coatings in which an element or elements are deposited prior to or during application of the aluminide coating, even if these elements are deposited by another coating process. It does not, however, include the multiple use of single-step pack cementation processes to achieve alloyed aluminides.

3. The term 'noble metal modified aluminide' coating includes multiple-step coatings in which the noble metal or noble metals are laid down by some other coating process prior to application of the aluminide coating.

4. The term 'mixtures thereof' includes infiltrated material, graded compositions, co-deposits and multilayer deposits and are obtained by one or more of the coating processes specified in the Table.

5. 'MCrAlX' refers to a coating alloy where M equals cobalt, iron, nickel or combinations thereof and X equals hafnium, yttrium, silicon, tantalum in any amount or other intentional additions over 0,01 weight percent in various proportions and combinations, except:

6. The term 'aluminium alloys' refers to alloys having an ultimate tensile strength of 190 MPa or more measured at 293 K (20 °C).

7. The term 'corrosion resistant steel' refers to AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 300 series or equivalent national standard steels.

8. 'Refractory metals and alloys' include the following metals and their alloys: niobium (columbium), molybdenum, tungsten and tantalum.

9. 'Sensor window materials', as follows: alumina, silicon, germanium, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, gallium arsenide, diamond, gallium phosphide, sapphire and the following metal halides: sensor window materials of more than 40 mm diameter for zirconium fluoride and hafnium fluoride.

10. "Technology" for single-step pack cementation of solid airfoils is not controlled by Category 2.

11. 'Polymers', as follows: polyimide, polyester, polysulphide, polycarbonates and polyurethanes.

12. 'Modified zirconia' refers to additions of other metal oxides (e.g., calcia, magnesia, yttria, hafnia, rare earth oxides) to zirconia in order to stabilise certain crystallographic phases and phase compositions. Thermal barrier coatings made of zirconia, modified with calcia or magnesia by mixing or fusion, are not controlled.

13. 'Titanium alloys' refers only to aerospace alloys having an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa or more measured at 293 K (20 °C).

14. 'Low-expansion glasses' refers to glasses which have a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1 × 10 –7 K–1 or less measured at 293 K (20 °C).

15. 'Dielectric layers' are coatings constructed of multi-layers of insulator materials in which the interference properties of a design composed of materials of various refractive indices are used to reflect, transmit or absorb various wavelength bands. Dielectric layers refers to more than four dielectric layers or dielectric/metal "composite" layers.

16. 'Cemented tungsten carbide' does not include cutting and forming tool materials consisting of tungsten carbide/ (cobalt, nickel), titanium carbide/(cobalt, nickel), chromium carbide/nickel-chromium and chromium carbide/nickel.

17. "Technology" specially designed to deposit diamond-like carbon on any of the following is not controlled:

18. 'Silicon carbide' does not include cutting and forming tool materials.

19. Ceramic substrates, as used in this entry, does not include ceramic materials containing 5 % by weight, or greater, clay or cement content, either as separate constituents or in combination.

a. Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) is an overlay coating or surface modification coating process wherein a metal, alloy, "composite", dielectric or ceramic is deposited upon a heated substrate. Gaseous reactants are decomposed or combined in the vicinity of a substrate resulting in the deposition of the desired elemental, alloy or compound material on the substrate. Energy for this decomposition or chemical reaction process may be provided by the heat of the substrate, a glow discharge plasma, or "laser" irradiation.

N.B. 1 CVD includes the following processes: directed gas flow out-of-pack deposition, pulsating CVD, controlled nucleation thermal deposition (CNTD), plasma enhanced or plasma assisted CVD processes.

N.B. 2 Pack denotes a substrate immersed in a powder mixture.

N.B. 3 The gaseous reactants used in the out-of-pack process are produced using the same basic reactions and parameters as the pack cementation process, except that the substrate to be coated is not in contact with the powder mixture.

b. Thermal Evaporation-Physical Vapour Deposition (TE-PVD) is an overlay coating process conducted in a vacuum with a pressure less than 0,1 Pa wherein a source of thermal energy is used to vaporize the coating material. This process results in the condensation, or deposition, of the evaporated species onto appropriately positioned substrates.

The addition of gases to the vacuum chamber during the coating process to synthesize compound coatings is an ordinary modification of the process.

The use of ion or electron beams, or plasma, to activate or assist the coating's deposition is also a common modification in this technique. The use of monitors to provide in-process measurement of optical characteristics and thickness of coatings can be a feature of these processes.

Specific TE-PVD processes are as follows:

c. Pack Cementation is a surface modification coating or overlay coating process wherein a substrate is immersed in a powder mixture (a pack), that consists of:

The substrate and powder mixture is contained within a retort which is heated to between 1 030 K (757 °C) and 1 375 K (1,102 °C) for sufficient time to deposit the coating.

d. Plasma Spraying is an overlay coating process wherein a gun (spray torch) which produces and controls a plasma accepts powder or wire coating materials, melts them and propels them towards a substrate, whereon an integrally bonded coating is formed. Plasma spraying constitutes either low pressure plasma spraying or high velocity plasma spraying.

N.B. 1 Low pressure means less than ambient atmospheric pressure.

N.B. 2 High velocity refers to nozzle-exit gas velocity exceeding 750 m/s calculated at 293 K (20 °C) at 0,1 MPa.

e. Slurry Deposition is a surface modification coating or overlay coating process wherein a metallic or ceramic powder with an organic binder is suspended in a liquid and is applied to a substrate by either spraying, dipping or painting, subsequent air or oven drying, and heat treatment to obtain the desired coating.

f. Sputter Deposition is an overlay coating process based on a momentum transfer phenomenon, wherein positive ions are accelerated by an electric field towards the surface of a target (coating material). The kinetic energy of the impacting ions is sufficient to cause target surface atoms to be released and deposited on an appropriately positioned substrate.

N.B. 1 The Table refers only to triode, magnetron or reactive sputter deposition which is used to increase adhesion of the coating and rate of deposition and to radio frequency (RF) augmented sputter deposition used to permit vaporisation of non-metallic coating materials.

N.B. 2 Low-energy ion beams (less than 5 keV) can be used to activate the deposition.

g. Ion Implantation is a surface modification coating process in which the element to be alloyed is ionized, accelerated through a potential gradient and implanted into the surface region of the substrate. This includes processes in which ion implantation is performed simultaneously with electron beam physical vapour deposition or sputter deposition.

a. General purpose integrated circuits, as follows:

Note 1: The control status of wafers (finished or unfinished), in which the function has been determined, is to be evaluated against the parameters of 3A001.a.

Note 2: Integrated circuits include the following types: