Keywords
Summary

Keywords

1 . COMPETITION - COMMUNITY RULES - APPLICATION - POWERS OF THE COMMISSION - DETERMINATION OF THE SCOPE OF A NATIONAL PATENT - PERMISSIBILITY - CONDITIONS - JUDICIAL REVIEW - LIMITS

( EEC TREATY , ARTS 85 AND 86 ; REGULATION NO 17 )

2 . COMPETITION - AGREEMENTS , DECISIONS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES - PATENT LICENSING AGREEMENTS - CLAUSES RESTRICTING COMPETITION - JUSTIFICATION - PROTECTION OF AN INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY RIGHT - LIMITS - SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER OF PATENT

( EEC TREATY , ART . 85 ( 1 ))

3 . COMPETITION - AGREEMENTS , DECISIONS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES - EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES - ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE AGREEMENT AS A WHOLE AND NOT ON EACH INDIVIDUAL CLAUSE

( EEC TREATY , ART . 85 ( 1 ))

Summary

1 . ALTHOUGH THE COMMISSION IS NOT COMPETENT TO DETERMINE THE SCOPE OF A PATENT , IT IS STILL THE CASE THAT IT MAY NOT REFRAIN FROM ALL ACTION WHEN THE SCOPE OF THE PATENT IS RELEVANT FOR THE PURPOSES OF DETERMINING WHETHER THERE HAS BEEN AN INFRINGEMENT OF ARTICLE 85 OR 86 OF THE TREATY . EVEN IN CASES WHERE THE PROTECTION AFFORDED BY A PATENT IS THE SUBJECT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE NATIONAL COURTS , THE COMMISSION MUST BE ABLE TO EXERCISE ITS POWERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF REGULATION NO 17 .

THE FINDINGS OF THE COMMISSION RELATING TO THE SCOPE OF A PATENT DO NOT IN ANY WAY PRE-EMPT THE DETERMINATIONS MADE LATER BY NATIONAL COURTS WITHIN THEIR SPHERES OF JURISDICTION AND ARE SUBJECT TO REVIEW BY THE COURT OF JUSTICE . THAT REVIEW MUST BE LIMITED TO DETERMINING WHETHER , IN THE LIGHT OF THE LEGAL POSITION EXISTING IN THE STATE IN WHICH THE PATENT WAS GRANTED , THE COMMISSION HAS MADE A REASONABLE ASSESSMENT OF THE SCOPE OF THE PATENT .

2 . THE FOLLOWING CLAUSES IN PATENT LICENSING AGREEMENTS DO NOT FALL WITHIN THE SPECIFIC SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE PATENT AND ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH ARTICLE 85 ( 1 ) OF THE TREATY IN SO FAR AS THEY RESTRICT COMPETITION : QUALITY CONTROLS TO BE EXERCISED BY THE LICENSOR EITHER IN RESPECT OF A PRODUCT NOT COVERED BY THE PATENT OR WITHOUT BEING BASED ON OBJECTIVE CRITERIA LAID DOWN IN ADVANCE , AN OBLIGATION ARBITRARILY PLACED ON THE LICENSEE ONLY TO SELL THE PATENTED PRODUCT IN CONJUNCTION WITH A PRODUCT OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE PATENT , A METHOD OF CALCULATING ROYALTIES INDUCING THE LICENSEE TO REFUSE TO SELL SEPARATELY A PRODUCT NOT COVERED BY THE PATENT , AN OBLIGATION ON THE LICENSEE TO AFFIX A NOTICE OF THE PATENT TO A PRODUCT NOT COVERED BY THE PATENT , A NO-CHALLENGE CLAUSE WITH REGARD TO THE LICENSOR ' S TRADE-MARKS AND PATENTS , AND A CLAUSE PROHIBITING THE LICENSEE FROM MANUFACTURING THE PATENTED PRODUCT IN A COUNTRY WHERE IT HAS NO PATENT PROTECTION .

3 . IN ORDER FOR AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS TO BE REGARDED AS AFFECTING INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 85 ( 1 ) OF THE TREATY , IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL CLAUSE TO BE CAPABLE OF AFFECTING SUCH TRADE . ONLY IF THE AGREEMENT AS A WHOLE IS CAPABLE OF AFFECTING TRADE IS IT NECESSARY TO EXAMINE WHICH ARE THE CLAUSES OF THE AGREEMENT WHICH HAVE AS THEIR OBJECT OR EFFECT A RESTRICTION OR DISTORTION OF COMPETITION .