ANNEX

PART 1

CAS No: 3033-77-0		Einecs No: 221-221-0
Structural formula:
Einecs name:	2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride
IUPAC name:	2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride
Rapporteur:	Finland
Classification (1):	None

The risk assessment is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State Rapporteur (2).

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community the substance is mainly used as a starch cationisation agent in the production of paper.

Other uses are in the quaternisation of guar (used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard for food products and as a flocculant in the mining industry), of cellulose derivatives (added in hair conditioning and emollient cosmetic creams) and of proteins.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A.   Human health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

1.

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of: — concerns for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and sensitisation as a consequence of exposure arising from all scenarios, — concerns for repeated dose toxicity as a consequence of exposure arising from sampling and laboratory work during production of EPTAC.

2.	is that there is a need for further information and/or testing. This conclusion is reached because: — there is a need for better information to adequately characterise the risks regarding reproductive toxicity.

The information requirements are a 2-generation fertility test and a developmental toxicity test.

However, since EPTAC is a genotoxic carcinogen, this property alone is sufficient to lead to the strictest measures for risk management in work places. Therefore, the further information requirements for EPTAC will not be requested.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that exposure is negligible and thus risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

1.

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of: — concerns for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity since EPTAC is identified as non-threshold carcinogen. However, the risk assessment indicates that risks are already very low. This should be taken into account when considering the adequacy of existing controls and the feasibility and practicability of further specific risk reduction measures.

2.	is that there is a need for further information and/or testing. This conclusion is reached because: — there is a need for better information to adequately characterise the risks regarding reproductive toxicity.

The information requirements are a 2-generation fertility test and a developmental toxicity test.

However, exposure is already very low and since EPTAC is a genotoxic carcinogen, this property alone is sufficient to lead to the strictest measures for risk management. Therefore the further information requirements for EPTAC will not be requested.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

B.   Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including marine environment)

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. The conclusion is reached because of:

—	concerns for surface water and sediment as a consequence of exposure arising from cationisation of starch with wet process) at local scale for five sites.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

For WORKERS

The legislation for worker's protection currently in force at Community level, particularly Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (3) (the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive), is generally considered to give an adequate framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

for HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

The risk reduction measures recommended to protect the environment are considered sufficient to protect humans via the environment.

PART 2

CAS No: 3327-22-8		Einecs No: 222-048-3
Structural formula:
Einecs name:	(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride
IUPAC name:	(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Rapporteur:	Finland
Classification (4):	None

The risk assessment is based on current practices related to the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community as described in the risk assessment forwarded to the Commission by the Member State Rapporteur (2).

The risk assessment has, based on the available information determined that in the European Community the substance is mainly used as a starch cationisation agent in the production of paper.

Other uses are in the quaternisation of guar (used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard for food products and as a flocculant in the mining industry), of cellulose derivatives (added in hair conditioning and emollient cosmetic creams) and of proteins.

Other known applications of CHPTAC are as impregnation agents, as a raw material in the dye industry and in the synthesis of other chemicals, such as carnitine, which is used in nutraceuticals.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A.   Human health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

1.	is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of: — concerns for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and sensitisation for all use scenarios as a consequence of exposure to EPTAC due to the intentional conversion of CHPTAC to EPTAC during use.

2.	is that there is a need for further information. This conclusion is reached because: — there is a need for better information to adequately characterise the risks regarding the mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity of CHPTAC.

It should be noted, however, that risk reduction measures are being taken already because of the potential exposure to epichlorohydrin in the manufacture of CHPTAC and epichlorohydrin is classified as category 2 carcinogen. Risk reduction measures should be applied also because intentional conversion of CHPTAC to EPTAC occurs in all use scenarios and for EPTAC there is a concern for carcinogenity which should lead to the strictest measures for risk management. In consideration of the stringent risk management measures required for the above mentioned reasons, the further information requirements for CHPTAC will not be requested.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that exposure is negligible and thus risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is a need for further information and/or testing. This conclusion is reached because:

—	there is a need for better information to adequately characterise the risks regarding the mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity of CHPTAC.

However, since exposures are estimated to be very low the further information requirements for CHPTAC will not be requested.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

B.   Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (including marine environment)

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. The conclusion is reached because of:

—	concerns for surface water and sediment as a consequence of exposure arising from cationisation of starch with wet process at local scale for four sites.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

For WORKERS

The legislation for worker's protection currently in force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

PART 3

CAS No: 77-47-4		Einecs No: 201-029-3
Structural formula:
Einecs name:	Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
IUPAC name:	Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Rapporteur:	Netherlands
Classification (5):	T+; R26 T; R24 Xn; R22 C; R34 N; R50/53

The risk assessment is based on current practices related to the lifecycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community as described in the comprehensive Risk Assessment Report forwarded to the Commission by the Member State Rapporteur (2).

The risk assessment has, based on the available information, determined that in the European Community hexachlorocyclopentadiene is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of the pesticide endosulfan, and in the synthesis of HET-acid used as a copolymer to produce flame-retardant and corrosion-proof polyesters and alkydresins (e.g. thermoplastics). Minor HCCP applications are its use as an intermediate in the production of a speciality coating, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.

The risk assessment has identified other sources of exposure to the substance to man and the environment, in particular, unintentional formation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in some semiconductor industrial processes, which do not result from the life-cycle of the substance produced in or imported into the European Community. This source has been assessed, whereas unintentional formation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in fires has not been assessed.

RISK ASSESSMENT

A.   Human health

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

WORKERS

is that there is a need for specific measures to limit the risks. This conclusion is reached because of:

—	concerns for respiratory effects and ovarian inflammation as a consequence of repeated inhalation exposure arising from production of pesticides and flame retardants, and use of product containing residual HCCP,

—	concerns for ovarian inflammation as a consequence of repeated dermal exposure arising from production of pesticides and flame retardants, and unintentional occurrence of HCCP in the semiconductor industry.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

CONSUMERS and HUMANS EXPOSED VIA THE ENVIRONMENT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

HUMAN HEALTH (physico-chemical properties)

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

B.   Environment

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to the

ATMOSPHERE, AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM, and TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

The conclusion of the assessment of the risks to

MICRO-ORGANISMS IN THE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

is that there is at present no need for further information and/or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. This conclusion is reached because:

—	the risk assessment shows that risks are not expected. Risk reduction measures already being applied are considered sufficient.

STRATEGY FOR LIMITING RISKS

For WORKERS

The legislation for workers' protection currently into force at Community level is generally considered to give an adequate framework to limit the risks of the substance to the extent needed and shall apply.

Within this framework it is recommended:

—	to establish at community level occupational exposure limit values for HCCP according to Directive 98/24/EC (6).

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(1)  This chemical substance is currently not included in the Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC.

(2)  The comprehensive Risk Assessment Report, as well as a summary thereof, can be found on the Internet site of the European Chemicals Bureau:

http://ecb.jrc.it/existing-substances/

(3)  OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 50.

(4)  This chemical substance is currently not included in the Annex I of Directive 67/548/EEC.

(5)  The classification of the substance is established by Commission Directive 96/54/EC of 30 July 1996 adapting to technical progress for the 22nd time Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (OJ L 248, 30.9.1996, p. 1).

(6)  OJ L 131, 5.5.1998, p. 11.