—

in Bulgaria: Article 4, paragraph 1, point 2, of the Private International Law Code,

—

in the Czech Republic: Act No 91/2012 on private international law, in particular, its Article 6,

—

in Denmark: Article 246(2) and (3) of the Administration of Justice Act (lov om rettens pleje),

—

in Germany: Article 23 of the code of civil procedure (Zivilprozeßordnung),

—

in Estonia: Article 86 (jurisdiction at the location of property) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Tsiviilkohtumenetluse seadustik), insofar as the claim is unrelated to that property of the person; Article 100 (claim for termination of application of standard terms) of the Code of Civil Procedure, insofar as the action is to be lodged with the court in whose territorial jurisdiction the standard term was applied,

—

in Greece: Article 40 of the code of civil procedure (Κώδικας Πολιτικής Δικονομίας),

—

in France: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),

—

in Croatia: Article 54 of the Act on the Resolution of Conflicts of Laws with the Regulations of Other Countries in Specific Relations,

—

in Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland,

—

in Italy: Articles 3 and 4 of Law 218 of 31 May 1995,

—

in Cyprus: section 21(2) of the Courts of Justice Law No 14 of 1960, as amended,

—

in Latvia: section 27 and paragraphs 3, 5, 6 and 9 of section 28 of the Civil Procedure Law (Civilprocesa likums),

—

in Lithuania: Articles 783(3), 787 and 789(3) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Civilinio proceso kodeksas),

—

in Luxembourg: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),

—

in Hungary: Article 57 of Law Decree No 13 of 1979 on International Private Law (a nemzetközi magánjogról szóló 1979. évi 13. törvényerejű rendelet),

—

in Malta: Articles 742, 743 and 744 of the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure — Cap. 12 (Kodiċi ta′ Organizzazzjoni u Proċedura Ċivili — Kap. 12) and Article 549 of the Commercial Code — Cap. 13 (Kodiċi tal-kummerċ — Kap. 13),

—

in Austria: Article 99 of the Law on court Jurisdiction (Jurisdiktionsnorm),

—

in Poland: Article 11037 point 4 and Article 1110 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Kodeks postępowania cywilnego) in so far as the latter establishes jurisdiction exclusively on the basis of one of the following circumstances: the applicant is a Polish citizen or has their habitual residence, domicile or registered office in Poland,

—

in Portugal: Article 63(1) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Código de Processo Civil) in so far as it may encompass exorbitant grounds of jurisdiction, such as the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated (if situated in Portugal) when the central administration (if situated in a foreign State) is the party sued and Article 10 of the Code of Labour Procedure (Código de Processo do Trabalho) in so far as it may encompass exorbitant grounds of jurisdiction, such as the courts for the place where the plaintiff is domiciled in proceedings relating to individual contracts of employment brought by the employee against the employer,

—

in Romania: Articles 1065-1081 under Title I “International jurisdiction of Romanian courts” in Book VII “International civil procedure” of Act No 134/2010 on the Code of Civil Procedure,

—

in Slovenia: Article 48(2) of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 47(2) of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku) and Article 58 of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 59 of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku),

—

in Slovakia: Articles 37 to 37e of Act No 97/1963 on Private International Law and the Rules of Procedure relating thereto,

—

in Finland: paragraphs 1 and 2 of Section 18(1) of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (oikeudenkäymiskaari/rättegångsbalken),

—

in Sweden: the first sentence of the first paragraph of Section 3 of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken),

—

in the United Kingdom: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:

—

in Belgium, the “tribunal de première instance” or “rechtbank van eerste aanleg” or “erstinstanzliches Gericht”

—

in Bulgaria, the “окръжния съд”,

—

in the Czech Republic, the “okresní soudy”,

—

in Denmark, the “byret”,

—

in Germany,

—

in Estonia, the “maakohus” (county court),

—

in Greece, the “Μονομελές Πρωτοδικείο”,

—

in Spain, the “Juzgado de Primera Instancia”,

—

in France:

—

in Croatia, the “općinski sudovi” in civil matters, the “Općinski građanski sud u Zagrebu” and the “trgovački sudovi” in commercial matters,

—

in Ireland, the High Court,

—

in Italy, the “corte d'appello”,

—

in Cyprus, the “Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο” or in the case of a maintenance judgment the “Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο”,

—

in Latvia, the “rajona (pilsētas) tiesa”,

—

in Lithuania, the “Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas”,

—

in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the “tribunal d'arrondissement”,

—

in Hungary, the “törvényszék székhelyén működő járásbíróság”, and in Budapest the “Budai Központi Kerületi Bíróság”,

—

in Malta, the “Prim' Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili” or “Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta' Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha”, or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the “Reġistratur tal-Qorti” on transmission by the “Ministru responsabbli għall-Ġustizzja”,

—

in the Netherlands, the “voorzieningenrechter van de rechtbank”,

—

in Austria, the “Bezirksgericht”,

—

in Poland, the “sąd okręgowy”,

—

in Portugal, the “Tribunal de Comarca”,

—

in Romania, the “Tribunal”,

—

in Slovenia, the “okrožno sodišče”,

—

in Slovakia, “okresný súd”,

—

in Finland, the “käräjäoikeus/tingsrätt”,

—

in Sweden, the “Svea hovrätt”,

—

in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium,

—

in Bulgaria, the “Апелативен съд — София”,

—

in the Czech Republic, the “okresní soudy”,

—

in Denmark, the “landsret”,

—

in Germany, the “Oberlandesgericht”,

—

in Estonia, the “ringkonnakohus”,

—

in Greece the “Εφετείο”,

—

in Spain, the “Juzgado de Primera Instancia” which issued the contested decision, with the appeal to be solved by the “Audiencia Provincial”,

—

in France:

—

in Croatia, “županijski sud” through “općinski sud” in civil matters and “Visoki trgovački sud Republike Hrvatske” through “trgovački sud” in commercial matters,

—

in Ireland, the High Court,

—

in Italy, the “corte d'appello”,

—

in Cyprus, the “Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο” or in the case of a maintenance judgment the “Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο”,

—

in Latvia, the “apgabaltiesa” via the “rajona (pilsētas) tiesa”,

—

in Lithuania, the “Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas”,

—

in Luxembourg, the “Cour supérieure de justice” sitting as a court of civil appeal,

—

in Hungary, the “törvényszék székhelyén működő járásbíróság” (in Budapest, the “Budai Központi Kerületi Bíróság”); the appeal is adjudicated by the “törvényszék” (in Budapest, the “Fővárosi Törvényszék”),

—

in Malta, the “Qorti tal-Appell” in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeals in the Kodiċi ta' Organizzazzjoni u Proċedura Ċivili — Kap.12 or in the case of a maintenance judgment by “ċitazzjoni” before the “Prim' Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili jew il-Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta' Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha'”,

—

in the Netherlands, the “rechtbank”,

—

in Austria, the “Landesgericht” via the “Bezirksgericht”,

—

in Poland, the “sąd apelacyjny” via the “sąd okręgowy”,

—

in Portugal, the “Tribunal da Relação” is the competent court. The appeals are launched, in accordance with the national law in force, by way of a request addressed to the court which issued the contested decision,

—

in Romania, the “Curte de Apel”,

—

in Slovenia, the “okrožno sodišče”,

—

in Slovakia, the court of appeal through the district court whose decision is being appealed,

—

in Finland, the “hovioikeus/hovrätt”,

—

in Sweden, the “Svea hovrätt”,

—

in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation,

—

in Bulgaria, “обжалване пред Върховния касационен съд”,

—

in the Czech Republic, appellate review (“dovolání”), action to re-open proceedings (“žaloba na obnovu řízení”) and action in annulment (“žaloba pro zmatečnost”),

—

in Denmark, an appeal to the “Højesteret” with leave from the “Procesbevillingsnævnet”,

—

in Germany, a “Rechtsbeschwerde”,

—

in Estonia, a “kassatsioonikaebus”,

—

in Croatia, an appeal to the “Vrhovni sud Republike Hrvatske”,

—

in Ireland, an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court,

—

in Cyprus, an appeal to the Supreme Court,

—

in Latvia, an appeal in cassation to the “Augstākās tiesas Senātā” via the “apgabaltiesā”,

—

in Lithuania, an appeal in cassation to the “Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas”,

—

in Hungary, “felülvizsgálati kérelem”,

—

in Malta, no further appeal lies to any other court; in the case of a maintenance judgment the “Qorti tal-Appell” in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeal in the “kodiċi ta' Organizzazzjoni u Procedura Ċivili — Kap. 12”,

—

in Austria, a “Revisionsrekurs”,

—

in Poland, “skarga kasacyjna”,

—

in Portugal, an appeal on a point of law,

—

in Romania, a “recursul”,

—

in Slovenia, an appeal to the “Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije”,

—

in Slovakia, the “dovolanie”,

—

in Finland, an appeal to the “korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen”,

—

in Sweden, an appeal to the “Högsta domstolen”,

—

in the United Kingdom, a single further appeal on a point of law.