This document is an excerpt from the EUR-Lex website
Document 21981A0710(01)
Arrangement in the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Austria on trade in mutton, lamb and goatmeat
Arrangement in the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Austria on trade in mutton, lamb and goatmeat
Arrangement in the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Austria on trade in mutton, lamb and goatmeat
EÜT L 137, 23.5.1981, p. 2–7
(DA, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT, NL)
No longer in force, Date of end of validity: 31/12/1994
Arrangement in the form of an exchange of letters between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Austria on trade in mutton, lamb and goatmeat
Official Journal L 137 , 23/05/1981 P. 0002
++++ ARRANGEMENT IN THE FORM OF AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA ON TRADE IN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT LETTER NO 1 SIR , I HAVE THE HONOUR TO REFER TO THE NEGOTIATIONS RECENTLY UNDERTAKEN BETWEEN OUR RESPECTIVE DELEGATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAWING UP PROVISIONS CONCERNING IMPORT INTO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING ANIMALS FROM AUSTRIA IN CONNECTION WITH IMPLEMENTATION BY THE COMMUNITY OF THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE MARKET IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT . DURING THESE NEGOTIATIONS BOTH PARTIES AGREED AS FOLLOWS : 1 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL RELATE TO : - LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING ANIMALS ( SUBHEADING 01.04 B OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) , - FRESH OR CHILLED MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT ( SUBHEADING 02.01 A IV A ) OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) , - FROZEN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT ( SUBHEADING 02.01 A IV B ) OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) . 2 . WITHIN THE TERMS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT , THE POSSIBILITIES OF EXPORT OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND OF LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS FROM AUSTRIA TO THE COMMUNITY ARE FIXED AT THE FOLLOWING ANNUAL QUANTITY : - 300 TONNES OF LIVE ANIMALS EXPRESSED IN CARCASE WEIGHT BONE-IN ( 1 ) . IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE ARRANGEMENT , THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA UNDERTAKES TO IMPLEMENT THE APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES TO ENSURE THAT THE ANNUAL QUANTITY ACTUALLY EXPORTED DOES NOT EXCEED THE QUANTITY AGREED . 3 . SHOULD THE COMMUNITY HAVE RECOURSE TO THE SAFEGUARD CLAUSE , IT UNDERTAKES THAT AUSTRIA'S ACCESS TO THE COMMUNITY AS PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL NOT BE AFFECTED . 4 . IF IMPORTS FROM AUSTRIA IN ANY ONE YEAR EXCEED THE QUANTITIES AGREED , THE COMMUNITY RESERVES THE RIGHT TO SUSPEND IMPORTS FROM AUSTRIA FOR THE REMAINDER OF THAT YEAR . THE QUANTITY OVERSHIPPED SHALL BE OFFSET AGAINST AUSTRIA'S EXPORT ENTITLEMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR . 5 . THE COMMUNITY UNDERTAKES TO LIMIT THE LEVY APPLICABLE TO IMPORTS OF PRODUCTS COVERED BY THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENT TO A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF 10 % AD VALOREM . 6 . AT THE TIME OF ACCESSION OF NEW MEMBER STATES , THE COMMUNITY , IN CONSULTATION WITH THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA , WILL ALTER THE QUANTITIES SET OUT IN CLAUSE 2 , IN ACCORDANCE WITH AUSTRIA'S TRADE WITH EACH NEW MEMBER STATE . THE CHARGES APPLICABLE TO IMPORTS FOR THE SAID NEW MEMBER STATE SHALL BE FIXED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES IN THE TREATY OF ACCESSION , THE MAXIMUM LEVEL OF THE LEVY SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 5 BEING TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT . 7 . THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA SHALL ENSURE THAT THIS ARRANGEMENT IS OBSERVED , IN PARTICULAR , BY ISSUING EXPORT CERTIFICATES COVERING THE PRODUCTS REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE 1 WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE QUANTITIES COVERED BY THIS ARRANGEMENT . FOR ITS PART , THE COMMUNITY SHALL UNDERTAKE TO ADOPT ALL NECESSARY PROVISIONS TO MAKE THE ISSUE OF THE IMPORT CERTIFICATES FOR THE PRODUCTS REFERRED TO ABOVE , ORIGINATING IN THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA , SUBJECT TO THE PRESENTATION OF AN EXPORT CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY DESIGNATED BY THE AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT . DETAILED RULES FOR APPLYING THIS SYSTEM SHALL BE LAID DOWN IN SUCH A WAY AS TO RENDER UNNECESSARY THE LODGING OF A SECURITY FOR THE ISSUE OF THE IMPORT CERTIFICATE IN RESPECT OF THE PRODUCTS IN QUESTION . ALSO , SUCH DETAILED RULES OF APPLICATION SHALL PROVIDE THAT THE COMPETENT AUSTRIAN AUTHORITY SHALL COMMUNICATE PERIODICALLY , TO THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OF THE COMMUNITY , THE QUANTITIES IN RESPECT OF WHICH EXPORT CERTIFICATES ARE ISSUED , BROKEN DOWN , WHERE APPROPRIATE , ACCORDING TO DESTINATION . 8 . A CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE SHALL BE SET UP COMPOSED OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE COMMUNITY AND FROM THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA . THE COMMITTEE SHALL ENSURE THAT THE ARRANGEMENT IS BEING PROPERLY APPLIED AND IS FUNCTIONING SMOOTHLY . IT WILL ENSURE THAT THE PROPER APPLICATION OF THE ARRANGEMENT IS NOT AFFECTED BY THE EXPORT OF MUTTON - , LAMB - AND GOATMEAT-BASED PRODUCTS TO THE COMMUNITY UNDER CUSTOMS HEADINGS NOT REFERRED TO BY THE ARRANGEMENT . THE COMMITTEE WILL DISCUSS ALL QUESTIONS WHICH COULD ARISE IN APPLYING THE ARRANGEMENT AND WILL RECOMMEND APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS TO THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES . 9 . THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL BE AGREED WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PARTIES' RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS UNDER GATT . 10 . THE ANNUAL QUANTITY FIXED IN CLAUSE 2 REFERS TO THE PERIOD RUNNING FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER . THE QUANTITY APPLICABLE AS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENT AND UNTIL 1 JANUARY OF THE FOLLOWING YEAR WILL BE FIXED ON A PRO RATA BASIS IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL ANNUAL QUANTITY AND WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE SEASONALITY OF THE TRADE . 11 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL APPLY , ON THE ONE HAND , TO THE TERRITORIES IN WHICH THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY IS APPLIED AND UNDER THE CONDITIONS LAID DOWN IN THAT TREATY AND , ON THE OTHER HAND , TO THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA . 12 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL ENTER INTO FORCE ON 1 JANUARY 1981 . IT SHALL REMAIN IN FORCE UNTIL 31 MARCH 1984 , AND SHALL CONTINUE IN FORCE THEREAFTER SUBJECT TO EACH PARTY HAVING THE RIGHT TO DENOUNCE IT BY GIVING ONE YEAR'S NOTICE IN WRITING . IN ANY CASE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL BE EXAMINED BY THE TWO PARTIES BEFORE 1 APRIL 1984 WITH A VIEW TO MAKING ANY ADJUSTMENT WHICH THEY AGREE IS NECESSARY . 13 . THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL BE APPROVED BY THE CONTRACTING PARTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR OWN PROCEDURES . I SHOULD BE OBLIGED IF YOU WOULD KINDLY CONFIRM THE AGREEMENT OF YOUR GOVERNMENT TO THE FOREGOING . PLEASE ACCEPT , SIR , THE ASSURANCE OF MY HIGHEST CONSIDERATION . FOR THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ( 1 ) 100 KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT SHALL CORRESPOND TO 47 KILOGRAMS CARCASE WEIGHT ( BONE-IN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT ) ( 2 ) . ( 2 ) CARCASE WEIGHT ( BONE-IN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT ) . BY THIS TERM IS UNDERSTOOD THE WEIGHT OF BONE-IN MEAT PRESENTED AS SUCH AS WELL AS BONED MEAT CONVERTED BY A COEFFICIENT INTO BONE-IN WEIGHT . FOR THIS PURPOSE 55 KILOGRAMS OF BONED MUTTON CORRESPONDS TO 100 KILOGRAMS OF BONE-IN MUTTON AND 60 KILOGRAMS OF BONED LAMB CORRESPONDS TO 100 KILOGRAMS OF BONE-IN LAMB . LETTER NO 2 SIR , I HAVE THE HONOUR TO ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF YOUR LETTER OF TODAY'S DATE , WHICH READS AS FOLLOWS : " I HAVE THE HONOUR TO REFER TO THE NEGOTIATIONS RECENTLY UNDERTAKEN BETWEEN OUR RESPECTIVE DELEGATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAWING UP PROVISIONS CONCERNING IMPORT INTO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING ANIMALS FROM AUSTRIA IN CONNECTION WITH IMPLEMENTATION BY THE COMMUNITY OF THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE MARKET IN SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT . DURING THESE NEGOTIATIONS BOTH PARTIES AGREED AS FOLLOWS : 1 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL RELATE TO : - LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING ANIMALS ( SUBHEADING 01.04 B OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) , - FRESH OR CHILLED MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT ( SUBHEADING 02.01 A IV A ) OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) , - FROZEN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT ( SUBHEADING 02.01 A IV B ) OF THE COMMON CUSTOMS TARIFF ) . 2 . WITHIN THE TERMS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT , THE POSSIBILITIES OF EXPORT OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND OF LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS FROM AUSTRIA TO THE COMMUNITY ARE FIXED AT THE FOLLOWING ANNUAL QUANTITY : - 300 TONNES OF LIVE ANIMALS EXPRESSED IN CARCASE WEIGHT BONE-IN ( 1 ) . IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE PROPER FUNCTIONING OF THE ARRANGEMENT , THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA UNDERTAKES TO IMPLEMENT THE APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES TO ENSURE THAT THE ANNUAL QUANTITY ACTUALLY EXPORTED DOES NOT EXCEED THE QUANTITY AGREED . 3 . SHOULD THE COMMUNITY HAVE RECOURSE TO THE SAFEGUARD CLAUSE , IT UNDERTAKES THAT AUSTRIA'S ACCESS TO THE COMMUNITY PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL NOT BE AFFECTED . 4 . IF IMPORTS FROM AUSTRIA IN ANY ONE YEAR EXCEED THE QUANTITIES AGREED , THE COMMUNITY RESERVES THE RIGHT TO SUSPEND IMPORTS FROM AUSTRIA FOR THE REMAINDER OF THAT YEAR . THE QUANTITY OVERSHIPPED SHALL BE OFFSET AGAINST AUSTRIA'S EXPORT ENTITLEMENT FOR THE FOLLOWING YEAR . 5 . THE COMMUNITY UNDERTAKES TO LIMIT THE LEVY APPLICABLE TO IMPORTS OF PRODDUCTS COVERED BY THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENT TO A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF 10 % AD VALOREM . 6 . AT THE TIME OF ACCESSION OF NEW MEMBER STATES , THE COMMUNITY , IN CONSULTATION WITH THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA , WILL ALTER THE QUANTITIES SET OUT IN CLAUSE 2 , IN ACCORDANCE WITH AUSTRIA'S TRADE WITH EACH NEW MEMBER STATE . THE CHARGES APPLICABLE TO IMPORTS OF THE SAID NEW MEMBER STATE SHALL BE FIXED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RULES OF THE TREATY OF ACCESSION , THE MAXIMUM LEVEL OF THE LEVY SPECIFIED IN CLAUSE 5 BEING TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT . 7 . THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA SHALL ENSURE THAT THIS ARRANGEMENT IS OBSERVED , IN PARTICULAR , BY ISSUING EXPORT CERTIFICATES COVERING THE PRODUCTS REFERRED TO IN CLAUSE 1 WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THE QUANTITIES COVERED BY THIS ARRANGEMENT . FOR ITS PART , THE COMMUNITY SHALL UNDERTAKE TO ADPT ALL NECESSARY PROVISIONS TO MAKE THE ISSUE OF THE IMPORT CERTIFICATES FOR THE PRODUCTS REFERRED TO ABOVE , ORIGINATING IN THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA , SUBJECT TO THE PRESENTATION OF AN EXPORT CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY DESIGNATED BY THE AUSTRIAN GOVERNMENT . DETAILED RULES FOR APPLYING THIS SYSTEM SHALL BE LAID DOWN IN SUCH A WAY AS TO RENDER UNNECESSARY THE LODGING OF A SECURITY FOR THE ISSUE OF THE IMPORT CERTIFICATE IN RESPECT OF THE PRODUCTS IN QUESTION . ALSO , SUCH DETAILED RULES OF APPLICATION SHALL PROVIDE THAT THE COMPETENT AUSTRIAN AUTHORITY SHALL COMMUNICATE PERIODICALLY , TO THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OF THE COMMUNITY , THE QUANTITIES IN RESPECT OF WHICH EXPORT CERTIFICATES ARE ISSUED , BROKEN DOWN , WHERE APPROPRIATE , ACCORDING TO DESTINATION . 8 . A CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE SHALL BE SET UP COMPOSED OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE COMMUNITY AND FROM THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA . THE COMMITTEE SHALL ENSURE THAT THE ARRANGEMENT IS BEING PROPERLY APPLIED AND IS FUNCTIONING SMOOTHLY . IT WILL ENSURE THAT THE PROPER APPLICATION OF THE ARRANGEMENT IS NOT AFFECTED BY THE EXPORT OF MUTTON - , LAMB - AND GOATMEAT-BASED PRODUCTS TO THE COMMUNITY UNDER CUSTOMS HEADINGS NOT REFERRED TO BY THE ARRANGEMENT . THE COMMITTEE WILL DISCUSS ALL QUESTIONS WHICH COULD ARISE IN APPLYING THE ARRANGEMENT AND WILL RECOMMEND APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS TO THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES . 9 . THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL BE AGREED WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO THE PARTIES' RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS UNDER GATT . 10 . THE ANNUAL QUANTITY FIXED IN CLAUSE 2 REFERS TO THE PERIOD RUNNING FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER . THE QUANTITY APPLICABLE AS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENT AND UNTIL 1 JANUARY OF THE FOLLOWING YEAR WILL BE FIXED ON A PRO RATA BASIS IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL ANNUAL QUANTITY AND WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE SEASONALITY OF THE TRADE . 11 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL APPLY , ON THE ONE HAND , TO THE TERRITORIES IN WHICH THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY IS APPLIED AND UNDER THE CONDITIONS LAID DOWN IN THAT TREATY AND , ON THE OTHER HAND , TO THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA . 12 . THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL ENTER INTO FORCE ON 1 JANUARY 1981 . IT SHALL REMAIN IN FORCE UNTIL 31 MARCH 1984 , AND SHALL CONTINUE IN FORCE THEREAFTER SUBJECT TO EACH PARTY HAVING THE RIGHT TO DENOUNCE IT GIVING ONE YEAR'S NOTICE IN WRITING . IN ANY CASE THE PROVISISONS OF THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL BE EXAMINED BY THE TWO PARTIES BEFORE 1 APRIL 1984 WITH A VIEW TO MAKING ANY ADJUSTMENT WHICH THEY AGREE IS NECESSARY . 13 . THIS ARRANGEMENT WILL BE APPROVED BY THE CONTRACTING PARTIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR OWN PROCEDURES . I SHOULD BE OBLIGED IF YOU WOULD KINDLY CONFIRM THE AGREEMENT OF YOUR GOVERNMENT TO THE FOREGOING . " I HAVE THE HONOUR TO CONFIRM THAT MY GOVERNMENT IS IN AGREEMENT WITH THE CONTENTS OF YOUR LETTER . PLEASE ACCEPT , SIR , THE ASSURANCE OF MY HIGHEST CONSIDERATION . FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA ( 1 ) 100 KILOGRAMS LIVE WEIGHT SHALL CORRESPOND TO 47 KILOGRAMS CARCASE WEIGHT ( BONE-IN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT ) ( 2 ) . ( 2 ) CARCASE WEIGHT ( BONE-IN EQUIVALENT WEIGHT ) . BY THIS TERM IS UNDERSTOOD THE WEIGHT OF BONE-IN MEAT PRESENTED AS SUCH AS WELL AS BONED MEAT CONVERTED BY A COEFFICIENT INTO BONE-IN WEIGHT . FOR THIS PURPOSE 55 KILOGRAMS OF BONED MUTTON CORRESPONDS TO 100 KILOGRAMS OF BONE-IN MUTTON AND 60 KILOGRAMS OF BONED LAMB CORRESPONDS TO 100 KILOGRAMS OF BONE-IN LAMB . EXCHANGE OF LETTERS RELEVANT TO CLAUSE 2 OF THE ARRANGEMENT IN THE FORM OF AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA ON TRADE IN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT LETTER NO 1 SIR , I HAVE THE HONOUR TO REFER TO THE ARRANGEMENT IN THE FORM OF AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA ON TRADE IN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT . FURTHER TO THAT EXCHANGE OF LETTERS AND TO YOUR REQUEST , I WOULD ADVISE YOU THAT THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA WILL ENSURE THAT FOR THE PERIOD 1 JANUARY 1981 TO 31 MARCH 1984 , THERE WILL BE NO CHANGE IN THE TRADITIONAL EXPORT PATTERNS OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND OF LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS FROM AUSTRIA TO THE MARKET AREAS IN THE COMMUNITY DETERMINED AS SENSITIVE . THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA WILL ADOPT THE NECESSARY MEASURES FOR THIS PURPOSE . I SHOULD BE OBLIGED IF YOU WOULD KINDLY ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF THIS LETTER . PLEASE ACCEPT , SIR , THE ASSURANCE OF MY HIGHEST CONSIDERATION . FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA LETTER NO 2 SIR , I HAVE THE HONOUR TO ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF YOUR LETTER OF TODAY'S DATE , WHICH READS AS FOLLOWS : " I HAVE THE HONOUR TO REFER TO THE ARRANGEMENT IN THE FORM OF AN EXCHANGE OF LETTERS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA ON TRADE IN MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMENT . FURTHER TO THAT EXCHANGE OF LETTERS AND TO YOUR REQUEST , I WOULD ADVISE YOU THAT THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA WILL ENSURE THAT FOR THE PERIOD 1 JANUARY 1981 TO 31 MARCH 1984 , THERE WILL BE NO CHANGE IN THE TRADITIONAL EXPORT PATTERNS OF MUTTON , LAMB AND GOATMEAT AND OF LIVE SHEEP AND GOATS FROM AUSTRIA TO THE MARKET AREAS IN THE COMMUNITY DETERMINED AS SENSITIVE . THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA WILL ADOPT THE NECESSARY MEASURES FOR THIS PURPOSE . I SHOULD BE OBLIGED IF YOU WOULD KINDLY ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF THIS LETTER . " PLEASE ACCEPT , SIR , THE ASSURANCE OF MY HIGHEST CONSIDERATION . FOR THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES