(a) are unidirectional (exhaust or supply) with an electric power input of less than 30 W, except for information requirements;

(b) are bidirectional, with a total electric power input for the fans of less than 30 W per air stream, except for information requirements;

(c) are axial or centrifugal fans only equipped with a housing in terms of Regulation (EU) No 327/2011;

(d) are exclusively specified as operating in a potentially explosive atmosphere as defined in Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 );

(e) are exclusively specified as operating for emergency use, for short periods of time, and which comply with the basic requirements for construction works with regard to safety in case of fire as set out in Regulation (EU) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2 );

(f) are exclusively specified as operating:

(i) where operating temperatures of the air being moved exceed 100 °C;

(ii) where the operating ambient temperature for the motor, if located outside the air stream, driving the fan exceeds 65 °C;

(iii) where the temperature of the air being moved or the operating ambient temperature for the motor, if located outside the air stream, are lower than – 40 °C;

(iv) where the supply voltage exceeds 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC;

(v) in toxic, highly corrosive or flammable environments or in environments with abrasive substances;

(g) include a heat exchanger and a heat pump for heat recovery or allowing heat transfer or extraction being additional to that of the heat recovery system, except heat transfer for frost protection or defrosting;

(h) are classified as range hoods covered by Commission Regulation (EU) No 66/2014 ( 3 ) on kitchen appliances.

(1) ‘ventilation unit (VU)’ means an electricity driven appliance equipped with at least one impeller, one motor and a casing and intended to replace utilised air by outdoor air in a building or a part of a building;

(2) ‘residential ventilation unit’ (RVU) means a ventilation unit where:

(a) the maximum flow rate does not exceed 250 m3/h;

(b) the maximum flow rate is between 250 and 1 000 m3/h, and the manufacturer declares its intended use as being exclusively for a residential ventilation application;

(3) ‘non-residential ventilation unit’ (NRVU) means a ventilation unit where the maximum flow rate of the ventilation unit exceeds 250 m3/h, and, where the maximum flow rate is between 250 and 1 000 m3/h, the manufacturer has not declared its intended use as being exclusively for a residential ventilation application;

(4) ‘maximum flow rate’ is the declared maximum air volume flow rate of a ventilation unit that can be achieved with integrated or separately co-supplied controls at standard air conditions (20 °C) and 101 325 Pa, where the unit is installed complete (e.g. including clean filters) and according to the manufacturer's instructions, for ducted RVUs the maximum flow is related to the air flow at 100 Pa of external static pressure difference, and for non-ducted RVUs to the air flow at the lowest achievable total pressure difference to be chosen from a set of values of 10 (minimum)-20-50-100-150-200-250 Pa, whichever is equal or just below the measured pressure difference value;

(5) ‘unidirectional ventilation unit’ (UVU) means a ventilation unit producing an air flow in one direction only, either from indoors to outdoors (exhaust) or from outdoors to indoors (supply), where the mechanically produced air flow is balanced by natural air supply or exhaust;

(6) ‘bidirectional ventilation unit’ (BVU) means a ventilation unit which produces an air flow between indoors and outdoors and is equipped with both exhaust and supply fans;

(7) ‘equivalent ventilation unit model’ means a ventilation unit with the same technical characteristics according to the applicable product information requirements, but placed on the market as a different ventilation unit model by the same manufacturer, authorised representative or importer.

(a) details of such calculations or extrapolations, or both;

(b) details of tests undertaken by manufacturers to verify the accuracy of the calculations and extrapolations;

(c) a list of any other ventilation unit models where the information included in the technical documentation was obtained on the same basis;

(d) a list of equivalent ventilation unit models.

(a) the possible extension of the scope of this Regulation to cover unidirectional units with an electric power input of less than 30 W, and bidirectional units, with a total electric power input for the fans of less than 30 W per air stream;

(b) the verification tolerances set out in Annex VI;

(c) the appropriateness of taking into account the effects of low-energy consuming filters on the energy efficiency;

(d) the need to set a further tier with tightened ecodesign requirements.

1.  Definitions:

(1) ‘specific energy consumption (SEC)’ (expressed in kWh/(m2.a)) means a coefficient to express the energy consumed for ventilation per m2 heated floor area of a dwelling or building, calculated for RVUs in accordance with Annex VIII;

(2) ‘sound power level (LWA)’ means the casing-radiated A-weighted sound power level expressed in decibels (dB) with reference to the sound power of one picowatt (1pW), transmitted by the air at reference airflow;

(3) ‘multi-speed drive’ means a fan motor that can be operated at three or more fixed speeds plus zero (‘off’);

(4) ‘variable speed drive (VSD)’ means an electronic controller, integrated or functioning as one system or as a separate delivery with the motor and the fan, which continuously adapts the electrical power supplied to the motor in order to control the flow rate;

(5) ‘heat recovery system (HRS)’ means the part of a bidirectional ventilation unit equipped with a heat exchanger designed to transfer the heat contained in the (contaminated) exhaust air to the (fresh) supply air;

(6) ‘thermal efficiency of a residential HRS (ηt)’ means the ratio between supply air temperature gain and exhaust air temperature loss, both relative to the outdoor temperature, measured under dry conditions of the HRS, and standard air conditions, with balanced mass flow, at reference flow rate, an indoor-outdoor temperature difference of 13 K, no correction for thermal heat gain from fan motors;

(7) ‘internal leakage rate’ means the fraction of extract air present in the supply air of ventilation units with HRS as a result of leakage between extract and supply airflows inside the casing when the unit is operated at reference air volume flow, measured at the ducts; the test shall be performed for RVUs at 100 Pa, and for NRVUs at 250 Pa;

(8) ‘carry over’ means the percentage of the exhaust air which is returned to the supply air for a regenerative heat exchanger according to the reference flow;

(9) ‘external leakage rate’ means the leakage fraction of the reference air volume flow to or from the inside of the casing of a unit to or from the surrounding air when it is subjected to a pressure test; the test shall be performed at 250 Pa for RVUs and at 400 Pa for NRVUs, for both under and over pressure;

(10) ‘mixing’ means the immediate recirculation or short-circuiting of airflows between discharge and intake ports at both the indoor and outdoor terminals so that they do not contribute to the effective ventilation of a building space, when the unit is operated at reference air volume rate;

(11) ‘mixing rate’ means the fraction of extract airflow, as part of the total reference air volume, that recirculates between discharge and intake ports at both the indoor and outdoor terminals and thus does not contribute to the effective ventilation of a building space, when the unit is operated at reference air volume (measured at 1 m distance from the indoor supply duct), less the internal leakage rate;

(12) ‘effective power input’ (expressed in W) means the electric power input at reference flow rate and corresponding external total pressure difference and includes the electrical demand for fans, controls (including remote controls) and the heat pump (if integrated);

(13) ‘specific power input (SPI)’ (expressed in W/(m3/h)) means the ratio between the effective power input (in W) and the reference flow rate (in m3/h);

(14) ‘flow rate/pressure diagram’ means a set of curves for flow rate (horizontal axis) and pressure difference of a unidirectional RVU or the supply side of a bidirectional RVU, where each curve represents one fan speed with at least eight equidistant test-points and the number of curves is given by the number of discrete fan speed options (one, two or three) or, in the case of a variable fan speed drive, includes at least a minimum, maximum and appropriate intermediate curve close to the reference air volume and pressure difference for SPI testing;

(15) ‘reference flow rate’ (expressed in m3/s) is the abscissa value to a point on a curve in the flow rate/pressure diagram which is on or closest to a reference point at 70 % at least of the maximum flow rate and 50 Pa for ducted units and at a minimum pressure for non-ducted units. For bidirectional ventilation units, the reference air volume flow rate applies to the air supply outlet;

(16) ‘control factor (CTRL)’ means a correction factor for the SEC calculation depending on the type of control that is part of the ventilation unit, according to the description in Annex VIII Table 1;

(17) ‘control parameter’ means a measurable parameter or set of measurable parameters that are assumed to be representative of the ventilation demand, e.g. the level of relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC) or other gases, presence, motion or occupancy detection from infrared body heat or from reflection of ultrasonic waves, electrical signals from human operation of lights or equipment;

(18) ‘manual control’ means any control type that does not use demand control;

(19) ‘demand control’ means a device or set of devices, integrated or as a separate delivery, that measures a control parameter and uses the result to regulate automatically the flow rate of the unit and/or the flow rates of the ducts;

(20) ‘clock control’ means a clocked (daytime-controlled) human interface to control the fan speed/flow rate of the ventilation unit, with at least seven weekday manual settings of the adjustable flow rate for at least two setback periods, i.e. periods in which a reduced or no flow rate applies;

(21) ‘demand controlled ventilation (DCV)’ means a ventilation unit that uses demand control;

(22) ‘ducted unit’ means a ventilation unit intended to ventilate one or more rooms or enclosed space in a building through the use of air ducts, intended to be equipped with duct connections;

(23) ‘non-ducted unit’ means a single room ventilation unit intended to ventilate a single room or enclosed space in a building, and not intended to be equipped with duct connections;

(24) ‘central demand control’ means a demand control of a ducted ventilation unit that continuously regulates the fan speed(s) and flow rate based on one sensor for the whole ventilated building or part of the building at central level;

(25) ‘local demand control’ means a demand control for a ventilation unit that continuously regulates the fan speed(s) and flow rates based on more than one sensor for a ducted ventilation unit or one sensor for a non-ducted unit;

(26) ‘static pressure (psf)’ means the total pressure minus the fan dynamic pressure;

(27) ‘total pressure (pf)’ means the difference between the stagnation pressure at the fan outlet and that at the fan inlet;

(28) ‘stagnation pressure’ means the pressure measured at a point in a flowing gas if it were to be brought to rest by means of an isentropic process;

(29) ‘dynamic pressure’ means the pressure calculated from the mass flow rate and the average gas density at the outlet and the unit outlet area;

(30) ‘recuperative heat exchanger’ means a heat exchanger intended to transfer thermal energy from one air stream to another without moving parts, such as a plate or tubular heat exchanger with parallel flow, cross flow or counter flow, or a combination of these, or a plate or tubular heat exchanger with vapour diffusion;

(31) ‘regenerative heat exchanger’ means a rotary heat exchanger incorporating a rotating wheel for the purpose of transferring thermal energy from one air stream to the other, including material allowing latent heat transfer, a drive mechanism, a casing or frame, and seals to reduce bypassing and leakage of air from one stream or another; such heat exchangers have varying degrees of moisture recovery depending on the material used;

(32) ‘airflow sensitivity to pressure variations’ of a non-ducted RVU is the ratio between the maximum deviation from the maximum RVU flow rate at + 20 Pa and that at – 20 Pa external total pressure difference;

(33) ‘indoor/outdoor air tightness’ of a non-ducted RVU is the flow rate (expressed in m3/h) between indoors and outdoors when the fan(s) is(are) switched off;

(34) ‘dual use unit’ means a ventilation unit designed for ventilation purposes as well as fire or smoke extraction, complying with the basic requirements for construction works with regard to safety in case of fire as set out in Regulation (EU) No 305/2011;

(35) ‘thermal by-pass facility’ means any solution that circumvents the heat exchanger or controls automatically or manually its heat recovery performance, without necessarily requiring a physical airflow bypass (for example: summer box, rotor speed control, control of air flow);

2.  Definitions for NRVU, in addition to the definitions in Annex I Part 1:

(1) ‘nominal electric power input (P)’ (expressed in kW) means the effective electric power input of the fan drives, including any motor control equipment, at the nominal external pressure and the nominal airflow;

(2) ‘fan efficiency (ηfan)’ means the static efficiency including motor and drive efficiency of the individual fan(s) in the ventilation unit (reference configuration) determined at nominal air flow and nominal external pressure drop;

(3) ‘reference configuration of a BVU’ means a product configured with a casing, at least two fans with variable speed or multi-speed drives, a HRS, a clean fine filter on the inlet-side and a clean medium filter on the exhaust-side;

(4) ‘reference configuration of an UVU’ means a product configured with a casing and at least one fan with variable speed or multi-speed drive, and — in case the product is intended to be equipped with a filter on the inlet-side — this filter shall be a clean fine filter;

(5) ‘minimum fan efficiency (ηνu)’ is the specific minimum efficiency requirement for VUs within the scope of this Regulation;

(6) ‘nominal flow rate (qnom)’ (expressed in m3/s) means the declared design flow rate of an NRVU at standard air conditions 20 °C and 101 325 Pa, whereby the unit is installed complete (for example, including filters) and according to the manufacturer instructions;

(7) ‘nominal external pressure (Δps, ext)’ in (expressed in Pa) means the declared design external static pressure difference at nominal flow rate;

(8) ‘maximum rated fan speed (vfan_rated)’ (expressed in rounds per minute — rpm) is the fan speed at nominal flow rate and nominal external pressure;

(9) ‘internal pressure drop of ventilation components (Δps,int)’ (expressed in Pa) means the sum of the static pressure drops of a reference configuration of a BVU or an UVU at nominal flow rate;

(10) ‘internal pressure drop of additional non-ventilation components (Δps,add)’ (expressed in Pa) means the remainder of the sum of all internal static pressure drops at nominal flow rate and nominal external pressure after subtraction of the internal pressure drop of ventilation components (Δps,int );

(11) ‘thermal efficiency of a non-residential HRS (ηt_nrvu)’ means the ratio between supply air temperature gain and the exhaust air temperature loss, both relative to the outdoor temperature, measured under dry reference conditions, with balanced mass flow, an indoor-outdoor air temperature difference of 20 K, excluding thermal heat gain from fan motors and from internal leakages;

(12) ‘internal specific fan power of ventilation components (SFPint)’ (expressed in W/(m3/s)) is the ratio between the internal pressure drop of ventilation components and the fan efficiency, determined for the reference configuration;

(13) ‘maximum internal specific fan power of ventilation components (SFPint_limit)’ (expressed in W/(m3/s)) is the specific efficiency requirement for SFPint for VUs within the scope of this Regulation;

(14) ‘run-around HRS’ is a heat recovery system where the heat recovery device on the exhaust side and the device supplying the recovered heat to the air stream on the supply side of a ventilated space are connected through a heat transfer system where the two sides of the HRS can be freely positioned in different parts of a building;

(15) ‘face velocity’ (expressed in m/s) is the larger of supply and extract air velocity. The velocities are the air velocities in the VU based on the inside unit area for supply respectively extract air flow of the VU. The velocity is based on the area of the filter section of the respective unit, or if no filter is installed, based on the area of the fan section;

(16) ‘efficiency bonus (E)’ is a correction factor taking account of the fact that more efficient heat recovery causes more pressure drops requiring more specific fan power;

(17) ‘filter correction (F)’ (expressed in Pa) is a correction value to be applied if a unit deviates from the reference configuration of a BVU;

(18) ‘fine filter’ means a filter that meets the relevant conditions described in Annex IX;

(19) ‘medium filter’ means a filter that meets the relevant conditions described in Annex IX;

(20) ‘filter efficiency’ means the average ratio between the dust fraction captured and the amount fed into the filter, under the conditions described for fine and medium filters in Annex IX.

1. From 1 January 2016:

— SEC, calculated for average climate, shall be no more than 0 kWh/(m2.a).

— Non-ducted units including ventilation units intended to be equipped with one duct connection on either supply or extract air side shall have a maximum LWA of 45 dB.

— All VUs, except dual use units, shall be equipped with a multi-speed drive or variable speed drive.

— All BVUs shall have a thermal by-pass facility.

2. From 1 January 2018:

— SEC, calculated for average climate, shall be no more than – 20 kWh/(m2.a).

— Non-ducted units including ventilation units intended to be equipped with one duct connection on either supply or extract air side shall have a maximum LWA of 40 dB.

— All VUs, except dual use units, shall be equipped with a multi-speed drive or variable speed drive.

— All BVUs shall have a thermal by-pass facility.

— Ventilation units with a filter shall be equipped with a visual filter change warning signal.

1. From 1 January 2016:

— All ventilation units, except dual use units, shall be equipped with a multi-speed drive or a variable speed drive.

— All BVUs shall have a HRS.

— The HRS shall have a thermal by-pass facility.

— The minimum thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu of all HRS except run-around HRS in BVUs shall be 67 % and the efficiency bonus E = (ηt_nrvu – 0,67) * 3 000 if the thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu is at least 67 %, otherwise E = 0.

— The minimum thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu of run-around HRS in BVUs shall be 63 % and the efficiency bonus E = (ηt_nrvu – 0,63) * 3 000 if the thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu is at least 63 %, otherwise E = 0.

— The minimum fan efficiency for UVUs (ηνu ) is

—

— The maximum internal specific fan power of ventilation components (SFPint_limit ) in W/(m3/s) is

—

2. From 1 January 2018:

— All ventilation units, except dual use units, shall be equipped with a multi-speed drive or a variable speed drive.

— All BVUs shall have a HRS.

— The HRS shall have a thermal by-pass facility.

— The minimum thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu of all HRS except run-around HRS in BVUs shall be 73 % and the efficiency bonus E = (ηt_nrvu – 0,73) * 3 000 if the thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu is at least 73 %, otherwise E = 0.

— The minimum thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu of run-around HRS in BVUs shall be 68 % and the efficiency bonus E = (ηt_nrvu – 0,68) * 3 000 if the thermal efficiency ηt_nrvu is at least 68 %, otherwise E = 0.

— The minimum fan efficiency for UVUs (ηνu ) is

—

— The maximum internal specific fan power of ventilation components (SFPint_limit ) in W/(m3/s) is

—

— If a filter unit is part of the configuration the product shall be equipped with a visual signalling or an alarm in the control system which shall be activated if the filter pressure drop exceeds the maximum allowable final pressure drop.

1. From 1 January 2016, the following product information shall be provided:

(a) supplier's name or trade mark;

(b) supplier's model identifier i.e. the code, usually alphanumeric, used to distinguish a specific residential ventilation unit model from other models with the same trade mark or supplier's name;

(c) specific energy consumption (SEC) in kWh/(m2.a) for each applicable climate zone; and SEC class;

(d) declared typology in accordance with Article 2 of this Regulation (RVU or NRVU, unidirectional or bidirectional);

(e) type of drive installed or intended to be installed (multi-speed drive or variable speed drive);

(f) type of heat recovery system (recuperative, regenerative, none);

(g) thermal efficiency of heat recovery (in % or ‘not applicable’ if the product has no heat recovery system);

(h) maximum flow rate in m3/h;

(i) electric power input of the fan drive, including any motor control equipment, at maximum flow rate (W);

(j) sound power level (LWA), rounded to the nearest integer;

(k) reference flow rate in m3/s;

(l) reference pressure difference in Pa;

(m) SPI in W/(m3/h);

(n) control factor and control typology in accordance with the relevant definitions and classification in Annex VIII, Table 1;

(o) declared maximum internal and external leakage rates (%) for bidirectional ventilation units or carry over (for regenerative heat exchangers only), and external leakage rates (%) for ducted unidirectional ventilation units;

(p) mixing rate of non-ducted bidirectional ventilation units not intended to be equipped with one duct connection on either supply or extract air side;

(q) position and description of visual filter warning for RVUs intended for use with filters, including text pointing out the importance of regular filter changes for performance and energy efficiency of the unit;

(r) for unidirectional ventilation systems, instructions to install regulated supply/exhaust grilles in the façade for natural air supply/extraction;

(s) internet address for disassembly instructions as referred to in point 3;

(t) for non-ducted units only: the airflow sensitivity to pressure variations at + 20Pa and – 20 Pa;

(u) for non-ducted units only: the indoor/outdoor air tightness in m3/h.

2. The information listed in point 1 shall be available:

— in the technical documentation of RVUs; and

— on free access websites of manufacturers, their authorised representatives, and importers.

3. The manufacturer's free access website shall make available detailed instructions, inter alia, identifying the required tools for the manual disassembly of permanent magnet motors, and of electronics parts (printed wiring boards/printed circuit boards and displays > 10 g or > 10 cm2), batteries and larger plastic parts (> 100 g) for the purpose of efficient materials recycling, except for models of which less than 5 units per year are produced.

1. From 1 January 2016, the following product information shall be provided:

(a) manufacturer's name or trade mark;

(b) manufacturer's model identifier, i.e. the code, usually alphanumeric, used to distinguish a specific non-residential ventilation unit model from other models with the same trade mark or supplier's name;

(c) declared typology in accordance with Article 2 (RVU or NRVU, UVU or BVU);

(d) type of drive installed or intended to be installed (multi-speed drive or variable speed drive);

(e) type of HRS (run-around, other, none);

(f) thermal efficiency of heat recovery (in % or ‘not applicable’ if the product has no heat recovery system);

(g) nominal NRVU flow rate in m3/s;

(h) effective electric power input (kW);

(i) SFPint in W/(m3/s);

(j) face velocity in m/s at design flow rate;

(k) nominal external pressure (Δps, ext) in Pa;

(l) internal pressure drop of ventilation components (Δps,int) in Pa;

(m) optional: internal pressure drop of non-ventilation components (Δps,add) in Pa;

(n) static efficiency of fans used in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 327/2011;

(o) declared maximum external leakage rate (%) of the casing of ventilation units; and declared maximum internal leakage rate (%) of bidirectional ventilation units or carry over (for regenerative heat exchangers only); both measured or calculated according to the pressurisation test method or tracer gas test method at declared system pressure;

(p) energy performance, preferably energy classification, of the filters (declared information about the calculated annual energy consumption);

(q) description of visual filter warning for NRVUs intended for use with filters, including text pointing out the importance of regular filter changes for performance and energy efficiency of the unit;

(r) in the case of NRVUs specified for use indoors, the casing sound power level (LWA), rounded to the nearest integer;

(s) internet address for disassembly instructions as referred to in point 3.

2. The information listed in point 1(a) to (s) shall be available:

— in the technical documentation of NRVUs; and

— on free access websites of manufacturers, their authorised representatives, and importers.

3. The manufacturer's free access website shall make available detailed instructions, inter alia, identifying the required tools for the manual pre-/dis-assembly of permanent magnet motors, and of electronics parts (printed wiring boards/printed circuit boards and displays > 10 g or > 10 cm2), batteries and larger plastic parts (> 100 g) for the purpose of efficient materials recycling, except for models of which less than 5 units per year are produced.

(1) The Member State authorities shall verify one single unit of the model.

(2) The model shall be considered to comply with the applicable requirements if:

(a) the values given in the technical documentation pursuant to point 2 of Annex IV to Directive 2009/125/EC (declared values), and, where applicable, the values used to calculate these values, are not more favourable for the manufacturer or importer than the results of the corresponding measurements carried out pursuant to paragraph (g) thereof; and

(b) the declared values meet any requirements laid down in this Regulation, and any required product information published by the manufacturer or importer does not contain values that are more favourable for the manufacturer or importer than the declared values; and

(c) when the Member State authorities test the unit of the model, the determined values (the values of the relevant parameters as measured in testing and the values calculated from these measurements) comply with the respective verification tolerances as given in Table 1.

(3) If the results referred to in point 2(a) or (b) are not achieved, the model and all equivalent ventilation unit models that have been listed as equivalent models in the manufacturer's or importer's technical documentation shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation.

(4) If the result referred to in point 2(c) is not achieved:

(a) for models that are produced in quantities of less than five per year, the model shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation;

(b) for models that are produced in quantities of five or more per year, the Member State authorities shall select three additional units of the same model for testing. As an alternative, the three additional units selected may be of one or more different models that have been listed as equivalent models in the manufacturer's or importer's technical documentation. The model shall be considered to comply with the applicable requirements if, for these three units, the arithmetical mean of the determined values complies with the respective verification tolerances given in Table 1.

(5) If the result referred to in point 4(b) is not achieved, the model and all equivalent ventilation unit models that have been listed as equivalent models in the manufacturer's or importer's technical documentation shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation.

(6) The Member State authorities shall provide all relevant information to the authorities of the other Member States and to the Commission without delay after a decision being taken on the non-compliance of the model according to points 3, 4(a) and 5.

(a) SEC: – 42 kWh/(m2.a) for BVUs, and – 27 kWh/(m2.a) for UVUs.

(b) Heat recovery ηt: 90 % for BVUs.

(a) SFPint: 150 W/(m3/s) below the Tier 2 limit for NRVUs with flow rate ≥ 2 m3/s, and 250 W/(m3/s) below the Tier 2 limit for NRVUs with flow rate < 2 m3/s

(b) Heat recovery ηt_nrvu : 85 %, and with run-around heat recovery systems 80 %.

—  SEC is Specific Energy Consumption for ventilation per m2 heated floor area of a dwelling or building [kWh/(m2.a)];

—  ta is annual operating hours [h/a];

—  pef is primary energy factor for electric power generation and distribution [-];

—  qnet is net ventilation rate demand per m2 heated floor area [m3/h.m2];

—  MISC is an aggregated general typology factor, incorporating factors for ventilation effectiveness, duct leakage and extra infiltration [-];

—  CTRL is ventilation control factor [-];

—  x is an exponent that takes into account non-linearity between thermal energy and electricity saving, depending on motor and drive characteristics [-];

—  SPI is Specific Power Input [kW/(m3/h)];

—  th is total hours heating season [h];

—  ΔΤh is the average difference in indoor (19 °C) and outdoor temperature over a heating season, minus 3K correction for solar and internal gains [K];

—  ηh is the average space heating efficiency [-];

—  cair is the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure and density [kWh/(m3 K)];

—  qref is the reference natural ventilation rate per m2 heated floor area [m3/h.m2];

—  ηt is the thermal efficiency of heat recovery [-];

—  Qdefr is the annual heating energy per m2 heated floor area [kWh/m2.a] for defrosting, based on a variable electric resistance heating.

— 
,

— where

—

—  Qdefr applies only to bidirectional units with recuperative heat exchanger; for unidirectional units or units with regenerative heat exchanger is Qdefr = 0.

—  ηt is the thermal efficiency of the HRS [-];

—  t2″ is temperature of the supply air leaving the HRS and entering the room [°C];

—  t2′ is temperature of the outside air [°C];

—  t1′ is temperature of the exhaust air, leaving the room and entering the HRS [°C].

From 1 January 2016:

From 1 January 2018