Type

Recirculation

HRS (heat recovery system)

Unidirectional

Ducted

Not relevant

No exchanger

Non ducted

Not relevant

No exchanger

Bidirectional

Ducted

With recirculation (*) (option)

Plate heat exchanger

Rotary heat exchanger

Run around coils

Heat pipes

Alternating (regenerator) Regenerative heat exchanger with shifting direction of airflow

Without recirculation (*)

Same as above

Non ducted

With recirculation (*) (option)

Same as above

Without recirculation (*)

Same as above

Measured/calculated parameter

Organisation

Reference/Title

Notes

SEC — Specific Energy Consumption for ventilation per m2 heated floor area of a dwelling or building [kWh/(m2.a)]

European Commission

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1253/2014 Annex VIII

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1254/2014 Annex VIII

There are no standards describing SEC, but the equation is given in Regulation 1253/2014 and in Regulation 1254/2014.

Specific power input (SPI)

CEN (European Committee for Standardization)

EN 13142 and the EN 13141-series acc. to product type

The calculation of SPI is described in EN 13142: 2013 for BVUs and the test method for measured values is described in the EN 13141-series regarding type of unit.

For UVUs the same definition and method can be used.

However, it must be measured and calculated according to the reference flow and pressure described in Regulation 1253/2014.

In Annex I (13) to Regulation 1253/2014, SPI is expressed in W/m3/h, and in Annex VIII to Regulation 1253/2014, SPI is expressed in kW/m3/h. As information requirement, SPI must be set out in W/m3/h. For the calculation of SEC, SPI must be in kW/m3/h.

Effective (total) power input

CEN

EN 13141-series acc. to product type supplemented by EN ISO 5801

EN 13141-7 and 13141-6 refer to EN 13141-4 (6.1) which refers to EN ISO 5801 (Chapter 10, Power input).

The definition in the standards is ‘power input’ or ‘total power input’ and not ‘effective power input’ as in Regulation 1253/2014.

EN 13141-8 has no description of method or reference and lacks requirements for measurement uncertainty.

BVUs: To be measured summarized for both fans and control equipment. The electric power consumption for auxiliaries is to be included e.g. BVUs with rotating HRS also include rotor motor.

External total pressure difference

CEN

EN 13141-series acc. to product type supplemented by EN ISO 5801

For ducted units to be measured in connected ducts in order that the consumers receive consistent pressure and flow values.

External total pressure difference is, according to Regulation 1253/2014, the static pressure difference for ducted RVUs and the total pressure difference for non-ducted RVUs between inlet and outlet, for BVUs both airflows (if not equal, refer to supply).

To which connection the pressure is delivered is not described in Regulation 1253/2014. The distribution is optional but it is suggested that for ducted RVUs to be distributed with 1/3 of the external total pressure difference on the outside (EHA and ODA) and 2/3 of the external total pressure difference (ETA and SUP) at the building side according to the EN 13141-series.

For further description, see Chapter 3 of this document and DTI's document ‘Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint’ (2)

BVUs

The test is described in EN 13141-7 (6.2.2), which foresees that the test must be conducted in all 4 ducts. EN 13141-7 refers to EN 13141-4 (5.2.2) in which the installation of the ducts is defined.

UVUs (exhaust)

Not described in EN 13141-6. Use EN ISO 5801 or EN 13141-4.

BVUs (single room non-ducted)

Overall description in EN 13141-8, Section 5.2.3 (and Annex A), which refers to EN 13141-4 and EN ISO 5801.

UVUs (supply systems)

The test is described in EN 13141-11 (6), which refers to EN 13141-4 and EN ISO 5801

How the pressure is measured in the duct (measurement ducts)/chamber and the permissible deviation is not described in all standards. This must be designed and tested according to EN ISO 5801.

Reference flow rate

CEN

EN 13141-series acc. to product type supplemented by EN ISO 5801

The standards do not describe the reference or maximum flow and pressure. Nor do they describe how to achieve these according to Regulation 1253/2014. They only describe how to measure the flow according to the design of the individual units (except EN 13141-8 regarding flow and EN 13141-11 regarding pressure).

Se description in Chapter 3 of this document on how to declare reference flow rate for ducted units. A method is also specified for the case, where a unit is not capable of achieving a pressure at 100 Pa but is capable of achieving 50 Pa.

The reference flow rate cannot be higher than the maximum flow rate.

BVUs

The test setup is described in EN 13141-7 (6.2.2). EN 13141-7 refers to EN 13141-4 (5.2.2) in which the installation of the ducts is defined.

For BVUs; if the test is conducted with a numerical unbalanced airflow SUP-SIDE in relation to the EHA-SIDE it should be noted in the test report.

For BVUs, the flow rate applies to the air supply outlet.

UVUs (exhaust)

Overall, the test setup is described in EN 13141-4/6. EN 13141-6 refers to airflow measurements according to ISO 5221 (which is withdrawn since 1984). EN ISO 5801 can be used instead.

UVUs and BVUs (single room non-ducted)

Overall description in EN 13141-8 (3.1.9). Method in accordance with EN 13141-4 Section 5.2.3 and EN ISO 5801.

UVUs (supply systems)

The test is described in EN 13141-11 (3.6). Method description (6) refers to EN 13141-4 and EN ISO 5801.

Flow rate/pressure diagram

CEN

EN 13141-4

EN 13141-7

supplemented by

EN ISO 5801

EN 13141-7 refers to BVUs but the method can also be applied to other products.

EN ISO 5801 refers to fans, but the method can also be applied to other products.

Maximum flow rate

CEN

EN 13141-series acc. to product type supplemented by EN ISO 5801

For all products, see reference flow

Thermal Efficiency, ηt

CEN

EN 13141-7 and EN ISO 5801

EN 13141-8 and EN ISO 5801

Thermal efficiency can normally be measured according to EN 308 or EN 13141-7, EN 13141-8 and ISO 16494 for equal mass flows in-out and without condensation. However, Regulation 1253/2014 states that the temperature difference between in and out shall be 13 K, therefore only the EN 13414-7 and EN 13141-8 can be used. Must be measured with contribution from fan.

For BVUs use EN 13414-7.

For BVUs for single room installation use EN 13141-8.

Flow measured according to EN ISO 5801. All other values are according to EN 13141-7 or EN 13141-8 depending on unit design.

Temperature measuring points must be performed outside the unit, as contribution from fan must be included (in the ducts for ducted units).

The ducts/connection box between the unit and measuring plane must be insulated with an insulation material with a thermal resistance of at least 1m2 K W-1 (approx. 50 mm insulation material).

EN 13141-7 sets only requirements on the leakage (no requirements for the heat balance), and can be used to this extent. However, it is suggested to follow the requirements in EN 308 (leakage 3 % and heat balance 5 %).

EN 13141-8

For units with alternating HRS there is an overall test model description in EN 13141-8 in section 5.4.7. Please note that it normally requires fast measuring equipment.

It is recommended that necessary measures must be taken to ensure that outdoor and indoor mixing is reduced under test.

Notes regarding not applicable standards:

EN 308 is normally used to assess the performance of the HRS alone where contribution for fans is deducted and the test is performed with a temperature difference of 20K, therefore it cannot be used for RVUs.

ISO 16494 describes a test procedure for an AHU with HRS, with specific demands regarding the static pressure in the inlets and outlets and fan settings.

The test setup is equal to EN 14141-7 and EN 308.

It refers to EN ISO 5801, ISO 3966 and EN ISO 5167-1 regarding airflow measurement method.

ISO 16494 allows a large ambient temperature tolerance which influences the test results and it is not consistent with EN 13141 or EN 308.

Electric power input and effective power input

CEN

EN 13141-4 and

EN 13141-7

supplemented by

EN ISO 5801

EN 13141-7 (section 6.5) refers to EN 13141-4 (6.1) which refers to EN ISO 5801 (section 10).

Definition in the standards is mostly ‘power input’ or ‘total power input’ and not ‘electric power input’ or effective power input as in Regulation 1253/2014.

BVUs: To be measured summarised for both fans and control equipment

Sound Power Level (LWA)

CEN

EN ISO 9614-2 or

EN ISO 3744 or

EN ISO 3746 or

EN ISO 3743-1 or

EN ISO 3741 or

ISO 13347 or

EN ISO 9614-1 or

EN ISO 3745 or

EN ISO 3743-2

Can be measured according to EN ISO 9614-2 (sound intensity scanning) or EN ISO 3744 or EN ISO 3746 (sound pressure in free field). To reduce test costs, it is often preferred to use the sound intensity scanning method. Alternatively EN ISO 3743-1 or EN ISO 3741 sound power in reverberation room.

Because of different methodologies used in the different standards, the reproducibility of results between one methodology and another one cannot be always guaranteed.

Reference pressure difference in Pa;

CEN

13141-series acc. to product type supplemented by EN ISO 5801

For measuring method and notes, see ‘External total pressure difference’.

Maximum internal and external leakage rates and carry over

CEN

EN 308

EN 13141-7

EN 1886

ISO 16494

Leakage

Both internal and external leakage can be tested according to EN 308 and EN 13141-7 (EN 13141-series only valid for RVUs). EN 308 focuses originally only on the HRS component, but can and is usually also applied to the test of the complete unit. In EN 308, it is only measured in one point (same as the regulation). In EN 13141-7 it is measured in three points. EN 1886 can only be used for external leakage.

The flow used to calculate the leakage and carryover (in the standard described as the nominal air mass flow rate indicated by the manufacturer) is the reference flow for RVUs and the nominal flow for NRVUs as defined in Regulation 1253/2014.

Carryover

Carryover can be tested according to EN 308. It should be indicated in which direction the leakage is. Leaks from dirty to clean air should be avoided (from EHA-side to SUP-side).

At low flows, the purge zone needs more time for cleaning and the rotor rpm must be reduced. This has a significant impact on the leakage and must be taken into consideration.

Further description regarding leakage:

A further enlightening of the leakage test is set out in Annex V (NRVUs) of Regulation 1253/2014, where it is described that the test and calculation can be carried out according to either a pressurisation test (acc. to the pressure set out in the definitions) or with tracer gas test method at declared system pressure although this is not clarified under (in line with) the definitions.

The declared value is the specified leakage rate, complemented with information about the standard used.

The test can either be carried out as a ‘static pressure test’ according to the pressure defined in the definitions, where the pressure is considered as a positive/negative applied pressure to the one side of the BVU (or inside/outside regarding external leakage) or as a ‘dynamic test’ (e.g. Extract Air Transfer Ratio — EATR) where the test pressure is the actual pressure difference inside the unit as a result of the reference/nominal configuration (external pressure).

The tracer gas method is mentioned in EN 308 regarding leakage test but how to carry out the test is not described.

The tracer gas method is described in ISO 16494 and EN 13141-7 and prEN 16798-3.

Mixing rate

CEN

EN 13141-8

EN 13141-8, (5.2.2.1) describes the test and calculation of the internal leakage and indoor and outdoor mixing.

It is recommended that the measurement is carried out isothermally to reduce testing time, and the effect is not significant.

Values for both indoor and outdoor mixing have to be declared.

Mixing rate for alternating unit with combined discharge and intake ports are not possible to determine without contamination of the test room and consequently the mixing rate for these types of units is not to be declared before a revision of standards has developed a valid method.

Airflow sensitivity to pressure variations

CEN

EN 13141-8 Annex A and section 5.2.3

EN 13141-8 can be used.

Indoor/outdoor air tightness

CEN

EN 13141-8

EN 13141-8 describes the measurement and can be used.

Measured/calculated parameter

Organisation

Reference/Title

Notes

Thermal efficiency of heat recovery

ηt_nrvu

CEN

EN 13053

EN 308

EN 13053 (section 6.5 and Annex A) refers to EN 308 regarding test setup and procedure. The only exception is the placing of the temperature sensors in the unit.

Annex A3 of EN 13053 describes how the temperature sensors must be placed inside the unit and between the fan and HRS.

EN 308 focuses originally only the HRS, but can and is normally also applied to test of the complete unit.

EN 13779 (section 6.6) refers to EN 13053 regarding description and classification of HRS. Refers to EN 308 regarding test setup and procedure.

ISO 16494 describes a test procedure for an AHU with HRS. Specific demands regarding the static pressure in the inlets and outlets and fan settings. Test setup equal to EN 13141-7 and EN 308. Refers to EN ISO 5801, ISO 3966 and EN ISO 5167-1 regarding airflow measurement method.

Regulation 1253/2014 states that the temperature difference between in and out has to be 20 K. This is why only EN 308/EN 13053 can be used.

Measured with no contribution from fan preferably inside the unit.

If possible, the placing of the temperature sensors must be in accordance with EN 13053. If it is not possible to place the sensors inside the unit and between the fan and HRS, two test procedures are possible.

The flow used for measurement and testing is the nominal NRVU flow rate which passes the heat exchangers (without recirculation or bypass, normally winter design conditions).

Temperature measurement points must be radiation-protected.

The requirement in EN 308 under section 6.4 ‘… The maximum allowed deviation in a measuring plane is equal to 0,05 (t22-t21)’. This cannot be fulfilled when measured inside a unit and should not be followed.

Nominal NRVU flow rate in m3/s qnom

CEN

Preferred std.:

EN 13053

EN ISO 5801

Alternative std.:

EN 13141-4, - 5, - 6, - 7, - 8, - 11

Can be measured according to EN 13053 and EN ISO 5801. EN 13053 refers to EN ISO 5801, EN ISO 5167-1 or ISO 3966 (regarding fluids).

Can also be measured according to EN 13141-4, - 5, - 6, - 7, - 8, - 11 regarding type of unit and EN ISO 5801. EN 13141 refers primarily to residential ventilation but is more detailed and can be used for areas where EN 13053 procedures are not specified yet.

The value for qnom used to calculate the ηfan for BVUs is with regard to the airflow side (SUP-side and EHA-side) and not the sum of both supply and extract airflow divided by two.

The declared information value for qnom is the sum of both supply and extract airflow divided by two.

Nominal external pressure Δps, ext in Pa

CEN

Preferred std.:

EN 13053

EN ISO 5801

Alternative std.:

EN 13141-4, - 5, - 6, - 7, - 8, - 11

Can be measured according to EN 13053 and EN ISO 5801. EN 13053 refers to EN ISO 5801 (5.2.3.1.1).

Can also be measured according to EN 13141-4, - 5, - 6, - 7, - 8, - 11 regarding type of unit and EN ISO 5801. EN 13141 refers primarily to residential ventilation but is more detailed and can be used for areas where EN 13053 procedures are not specific yet.

Overall, for BVUs the test is described in EN 13141-7 (6.2.2) (and the other standards in the 13141-series regarding type of unit). The test must be conducted in all four ducts. EN 13141-7 refers to EN 13141-4 (5.2.2), which defines the installation of the ducts.

The external pressure must be set to design pressure condition. It is recommended that the internal pressure is taken in to consideration and that there is, in the supply air section just after the HRS, a higher pressure than the pressure in the extract air section just before the HRS, to avoid leakages.

For ducted units the pressure must be measured in connected ducts so that the users receive consistent values of pressure and flow.

The nominal external pressure is the static pressure difference between inlet and outlet. In case of BVUs for both airflows.

The pressure measured in the duct (measurement ducts) and the permissible deviation must be designed and tested according EN ISO 5801, as long as applicable.

It is recommended that the pressure distribution applied to the each side of the unit is described by the manufacturer, as the performance of the unit can change according to the pressure distribution.

For further descriptions, see Chapter 3 of this document and DTI's document ‘Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint’.

Nominal electric power input (P) (W) and the effective electric power input

CEN

EN 13053

EN ISO 5801

The electric power consumption can be measured according to several harmonised standards (motors) and EN ISO 5801 and EN 13053 depending on the measurement uncertainty.

EN 13053 describes that the electric power, voltage and current must be measured, but it does not refer to any standards or describes any methods (Table 2). There is a general test method reference to EN ISO 5801 (5.2.2).

It can also be measured according to EN 13141-4, - 5, - 6, - 7, - 8, - 11 regarding type of unit and EN ISO 5801.The EN 13141-series refers primarily to residential ventilation but is more detailed regarding some product types and can be used for areas where EN 13053 procedures are not specified yet. In this case, use method from EN 13141-series and the measuring principle from EN 13053/EN ISO 5801.

In general, use the measuring principle from EN ISO 5801.

The nominal electric power input (P) must be expressed in kW and SFPint in W/m3/s.

SFPint in W/(m3/s)

DTI (Danish Technological Institute)

Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint

See description in DTI's document. The declared value for the SFPint of unidirectional NRVUs not intended to be used with a filter must be ‘not applicable’.

CEN

EN ISO 5801/No relevant standard is adequate

EN ISO 5801 can be used for external measurements. For internal measurements, no relevant standard is adequate.

Se description in DTI's document ‘Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint’ for measuring and calculation.

Face velocity in m/s at design flow rate

CEN

EN 13053 and EN ISO 5801

Face velocity is described in EN 13053. However, the measuring method and metrics according to area measurement are not described.

The flow can be measured according to EN ISO 5801.

Use EN 13053 and EN ISO 5801 for measuring of flow and velocity. The area for the calculation of the velocity shall be measured with an +/-3 % uncertainty.

The area is the free unit area at the filter section or fan section. The declared value is the highest of SUP or EHA.

Internal pressure drop of ventilation components; (Δps, int) in Pa

and

Internal pressure drop of additional non-ventilation components (Δps, add)

DTI (Danish Technological Institute)

Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint

No relevant harmonised standard exists.

See description in DTI's document for measuring and calculation.

The NRVU inlet and outlet losses must be included in the 'the internal pressure drop of ventilation components (Δps, int). If a ducted air-handling unit has full size openings (the internal cross section of the duct systems is equal to the cross section of the NRVU), it has no additional pressure losses at the inlet and outlet openings.

Fan efficiency (ηfan)

CEN

External — EN ISO 5801 (for UVUs without filter/additional components)

Internal — No relevant standard is adequate

For UVUs without filter use EN ISO 5801 and the external fan efficiency, measured at nominal flow rate and nominal external pressure. Please note that the operational point is not by definition the best efficiency point of the fan but the nominal conditions of the ventilation unit as stated in Annex 1, 2 (2).

The fan efficiency is the external static fan efficiency.

For all other products no relevant harmonised standard exists, because the efficiency must be measured within the ventilation unit for the calculation of SFPint, even though the following standards describe measuring of fan efficiency:

The primary issue is how to measure the pressure rise over the fan. The electric power consumption can be measured according to the relevant harmonised standards.

The fan efficiency ηfan is the ‘overall static efficiency drive’ at nominal airflow and nominal external pressure drop to be measured at the fan section, in %, according to EN ISO 12759, but when the fan is placed in the intended casing, i.e. considering system effects.

It is the static efficiency including motor and drive efficiency of the individual fan(s) in the ventilation unit (reference configuration) determined at nominal airflow and nominal external pressure drop (and internal and additional pressure drop).

It is the ratio between the nominal airflow multiplied by the static pressure rise of the fan (equal to the sum of pressure drops of all ventilations components, clean and dry, and the nominal external pressure) divided by the electrical power of the fan drive.

The placement of a fan in a casing will affect the fan pressure rise and the power consumption compared to an idealised performance outside of the unit.

The fan efficiency must be measured/calculated in the BVUs and with the external (and internal and additional) pressure loss at nominal airflow (defined by the manufacturer) according to the definition of SFP even though the calculation of SFPint only uses the internal pressure drop.

For BVUs calculated and summarised for both airstreams respectively, the supply air stream (SUP) and the extract air stream (ETA) for determination of SFPint. For UVUs calculated for one airstream.

For further description see DTI's document ‘Transitional method for determination of internal specific fan power of ventilation units, SFPint’.

Declared maximum external leakage rate (%) of the casing of ventilation units; and declared maximum internal leakage rate (%) of bidirectional ventilation units or carry over

CEN

EN 308 (BVUs):

EN 1886 and EN 308 (UVUs)

ISO 16494

See description under RVUs regarding Maximum internal and external leakage rates and carry over.

The flow used to calculate the leakage and carryover (in the standard described as the nominal air mass flow rate indicated by the manufacturer) is the reference flow for RVUs and the nominal for NRVUs as defined in Regulation 1253/2014.

The casing sound power level (LWA)

(in the case of NRVUs specified for use indoors,)

CEN

EN ISO 9614-2 or

EN ISO 3744 or

EN ISO 3746 or

EN ISO 3743-1 or

EN ISO 3741 or

ISO 13347 or

EN ISO 9614-1 or

EN ISO 3745 or

EN ISO 3743-2 or

It can be measured according to EN ISO 9614-2 (sound intensity-scanning) or EN ISO 3744 or EN ISO 3746 (sound pressure in free field).

To reduce test costs it is often preferred to use the sound intensity-scanning method. Alternatively EN ISO 3743-1 or EN ISO 3741 sound power in reverberation room.

The casing sound power level is defined according to the reference airflow. For NRVUs this is to be considered as the nominal airflow.

Because of different methodologies used in the different standards, the reproducibility of results between one methodology and another one cannot be always guaranteed.

Filter performance

CEN

EN 779:2012

EN 1822:2009

Use description in Annex IX to Regulation 1253/2014 according to the relevant standards.

1: Normal determination

2: 100 Pa is not possible to achieve

3: Higher pressure at a higher flow rate than the reference flow (and reference pressure) is not possible to achieve