Case C‑105/17

Komisia za zashtita na potrebitelite

v

Evelina Kamenova

(Request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad — Varna)

(Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 2005/29/EC — Article 2(b) and (d) — Directive 2011/83/EU — Article 2(2) — Concepts of ‘trader’ and ‘commercial practices’)

Summary — Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber), 4 October 2018

1. Consumer protection — Unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices — Directives 2005/29 and 2011/83 — Scope — Concept of trader — Functional interpretation

   (European Parliament and Council Directives 2005/29, Art. 2(b) and (d) and 2011/83, Art. 2(2))

2. Consumer protection — Unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices — Directive 2005/29 — Scope — Commercial practice — Concept — Practice not originating from a trader — Not included

   (European Parliament and Council Directive 2005/29, Art. 2(d))

3. Consumer protection — Unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices — Directives 2005/29 and 2011/83 — Scope — Concept of trader — Natural person publishing on a website advertisements offering new and second-hand goods for sale — Not included — Conditions — Consequences

   (European Parliament and Council Directives 2005/29, Art. 2(b) and (d) and 2011/83, Art. 2(2))

1.  See the text of the decision.

   (see paras 30-35)

2.  See the text of the decision.

   (see paras 41, 42)

3.  Article 2(b) and (d) of Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (‘Unfair Commercial Practices Directive’) and Article 2(2) of Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council must be interpreted as meaning that a natural person, such as the defendant in the main proceedings, who publishes simultaneously on a website a number of advertisements offering new and second-hand goods for sale can be classified as a ‘trader’, and such an activity can constitute a ‘commercial practice’, only if that person is acting for purposes relating to his trade, business, craft or profession, this being a matter for the national court to determine, in the light of all relevant circumstances of the individual case.

   (see para. 45, operative part)