1. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Course of the investigation – Obligation for the interested parties to provide the necessary information – Scope – Verification by the Commission

(Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement), Arts 6.6 and 6.7; Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Arts 6(2) and (8), 16(1) and (3) and 18(3) and (6); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Arts 6(2) and (8), 16(1) and (3) and 18(6))

(see paras 46-50, 53, 55, 122)

2. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Course of the investigation – Use of the information available where the undertaking refuses cooperation – Conditions – Refusal of access to the necessary information – Concept of necessary information – Information on raw material costs – Included – Need for intentional refusal – None

(Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement), Art. 6.8; Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 18(1) to (3))

(see paras 51, 54, 65, 66, 78, 79, 95)

3. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Discretion of the institutions – Judicial review – Limits

(see paras 56, 57)

4. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Course of the investigation – Account taken of information not the best in all respects – Conditions

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 18(3))

(see para. 80)

5. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Course of the investigation – Use of the information available where the undertaking refuses cooperation – Unreliability of the information provided by the undertaking – Burden of proof

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 18)

(see para. 100)

6. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Anti-dumping proceeding – Rights of the defence – Right to be heard – Scope

(Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Art. 41(2)(a))

(see paras 111-113)

7. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Dumping margin – Determination of the normal value – Recourse to the constructed value – Taking into account of selling, general and administrative costs – Losses relating to value differences arising from the revaluation of loans denominated in foreign currencies – Included – Conditions

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 2(3) and (5); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Art. 2(5))

(see paras 136, 139, 142)

8. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Dumping margin – Determination of the export price – Recourse to a constructed export price – Conditions – Association between exporter and importer – Rebuttable presumption that the export price actually paid is not reliable – Burden of proof on the undertakings involved

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 2(8) and (9); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Art. 2(9))

(see paras 150, 151)

9. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Dumping margin – Determination of the export price – Recourse to a constructed export price – Adjustments – Automatic application – Challenge to the level of adjustments – Burden of proof

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 2(9); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Art. 2(9))

(see paras 152-156, 165)

10. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Factors to be taken into consideration – Impact of the dumping on EU production – Existence of factors and indicators showing a positive tendency – Fact not excluding the conclusion that significant injury caused to the EU industry – Commission’s obligation to make a convincing analysis of the positive and negative factors – Judicial review – Manifest error of assessment – Burden of proof

(Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement), Art. 3.4; Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 3(2), (3) and (5); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Art. 3(3))

(see paras 171-176, 205)

11. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Establishing a causal link – Obligations of the institutions – Taking into account of matters extraneous to the dumping – Relevance of such factors for establishing the causal link – Burden of proof on the parties invoking the illegality of the regulation imposing an anti-dumping duty

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Arts 3(5), 6 and 7)

(see paras 203, 204, 206, 207)

12. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Establishing a causal link – Obligations of the institutions – Taking into account of matters extraneous to the dumping – Measures which facilitate and promote imports – Precluded

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 3(7))

(see para. 231)

13. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Establishing a causal link – Obligations of the institutions – Taking into account of matters extraneous to the dumping – No general obligation on the Commission to examine the effects of other causal factors collectively

(Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1994 Anti-Dumping Agreement), Art. 3.5; Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 3(7))

(see paras 236, 237)

14. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Reexamination after an earlier order acknowledging admissibility – Margin reasonably to be counted on in the absence of dumping

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 9(4); European Parliament and Council Regulation 2016/1036, Art. 9(4))

(see paras 249, 252)

15. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Establishing a causal link – Obligations of the institutions – Calculation of the price undercutting of the imports at issue – Recourse to a constructed export price – Whether permissible

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Arts 2(9), 3(2) and (3) and 9(4))

(see paras 260-267)

16. 

Common commercial policy – Protection against dumping – Injury – Establishing a causal link – Obligations of the institutions – Calculation of the price undercutting of the imports at issue – Obligation to make a fair comparison between the price of the product concerned and the price of the like product of the EU industry – Comparison to be made between prices obtained at the same level of trade

(Council Regulation No 1225/2009, Art. 3)

(see para. 268)

1. 

Dismisses the action;

2. 

Orders PAO Severstal to bear, in addition to its own costs, those incurred by the European Commission;

3. 

Orders Eurofer, European Steel Association, ASBL, to bear its own costs.