24.7.2012   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 219/46

(1)

On 26 March 2010, the European Council agreed to the Commission’s proposal to launch a new strategy for jobs and growth, Europe 2020, based on enhanced coordination of economic policies, which focuses on the key areas where action is needed to boost Europe’s potential for sustainable growth and competitiveness.

(2)

On 13 July 2010, the Council adopted a recommendation on the broad guidelines for the economic policies of the Member States and the Union (2010 to 2014) and, on 21 October 2010, adopted a decision on guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States (3), which together form the ‘integrated guidelines’. Member States were invited to take the integrated guidelines into account in their national economic and employment policies.

(3)

On 12 July 2011, the Council adopted a recommendation (4) on Italy’s National Reform Programme for 2011 and delivered its opinion on Italy’s updated Stability Programme for 2011-2014.

(4)

On 23 November 2011, the Commission adopted the second Annual Growth Survey, marking the start of the second European Semester of ex ante and integrated policy coordination, which is anchored in the Europe 2020 strategy. On 14 February 2012, the Commission, on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, adopted the Alert Mechanism Report, in which it identified Italy as one of the Member States for which an in-depth review would be carried out.

(5)

On 1 December 2011, the Council adopted conclusions calling on the Social Protection Committee, in cooperation with the Employment and other Committees, to present its views on actions recommended within the Europe 2020 policy cycle. These views form part of the opinion of the Employment Committee.

(6)

The European Parliament has been duly involved in the European Semester, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, and, on 15 February 2012, adopted a resolution on employment and social aspects in the Annual Growth Survey 2012 and a resolution on the contribution to the Annual Growth Survey 2012.

(7)

On 2 March 2012, the European Council endorsed the priorities for ensuring financial stability, fiscal consolidation and action to foster growth. It underscored the need to pursue differentiated, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, to restore normal lending conditions to the economy, to promote growth and competitiveness, to tackle unemployment and the social consequences of the crisis, and to modernise public administration.

(8)

On 2 March 2012, the European Council also invited the Member States participating in the Euro Plus Pact to present their commitments in time to be included in their Stability or Convergence Programmes and in their National Reform Programmes.

(9)

On 30 April 2012, Italy submitted its Stability Programme covering the period 2012-2015 and its 2012 National Reform Programme. In order to take account of their interlinkages, the two Programmes have been assessed at the same time. The Commission has also assessed in an in-depth review, under Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, whether Italy is affected by macroeconomic imbalances. The Commission concluded in its in-depth review that Italy is experiencing imbalances, although not excessive ones. In particular, while the public debt is already under close scrutiny in the Stability and Growth Pact, macroeconomic developments in the area of export performance deserve attention so as to reduce the risk of adverse effects on the functioning of the economy.

(10)

Based on the assessment of the Stability Programme pursuant to Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, the Council is of the opinion that the macroeconomic scenario underlying that Programme is plausible, under the assumption of no further worsening in financial market conditions. In line with the Commission services 2012 spring forecast, real GDP is expected to contract sharply in 2012 and recover gradually in 2013. In compliance with the excessive deficit procedure (EDP), the objective of the budgetary strategy outlined in the Stability Programme is to bring the general government deficit below the 3 % of GDP Treaty reference value by 2012, based on further expenditure restraint and additional revenues. Following the correction of the excessive deficit, the Stability Programme confirms the medium-term budgetary objective (MTO) of a balanced budgetary position in structural terms, which adequately reflects the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact. Italy plans to achieve it in 2013, i.e. one year earlier than targeted in the previous Stability Programme, through the measures already adopted in 2010-2011. Based on the (recalculated) structural budget balance (5), the planned average annual fiscal effort over the period 2010-2012 is well above the 0,5 % of GDP recommended by the Council under EDP. The envisaged pace of adjustment in structural terms in 2013 allows Italy to achieve the MTO in that year and the planned rate of growth of government expenditure, taking into account discretionary revenue measures would comply with the expenditure benchmark of the Stability and Growth Pact.

The Stability Programme projects the government debt ratio to peak in 2012 and to start declining at an increasing pace thereafter, as the primary surplus increases. In 2013-2014 Italy will be in a transitional period and its budgetary plans would ensure sufficient progress towards compliance with the debt reduction benchmark, as also confirmed in the Commission services 2012 spring forecast. According to Italy’s plans, the debt reduction benchmark will be met at the end of the transitional period (2015). Reaching the above deficit and debt outcomes will require strict and full budgetary implementation of the corrective measures adopted in 2010-2011.

(11)

As regards the fiscal framework, the Italian Parliament approved a bill introducing a balanced budget rule in the Italian Constitution. Implementing legislation will be needed to specify key features of the rule, i.e. the detailed arrangements for application and the appropriate correction mechanisms and escape clauses as well as the necessary coordination between the different levels of government. The Government committed to pursue a durable improvement of the efficiency and quality of public expenditure through in-depth spending reviews at all levels of government. The reviews should also allow prioritising expenditure items in favour of growth. With the same aim, a reorientation of the use of Structural Funds is underway through measures taken in March 2011 and with the November 2011 Cohesion Action Plan, which also aims at speeding up the absorption of Structural Funds. However, important deficiencies in terms of administrative capacity, in particular in the convergence regions, continue to hamper the absorption of funds.

(12)

The structure of the tax system and the high level of tax evasion and undeclared work have adversely affected the economic performance of the country. Tax compliance and governance are also affected by wide-ranging tax expenditures and complex and burdensome administrative procedures. The partial shift in tax burden away from the factors of production onto consumption and property, in already enacted legislative reforms, is an important first step in making the tax structure more growth friendly, but a further shift is justified, while continuing to take into consideration distributional effect.

(13)

The social partners’ agreement of June 2011 to reform the wage-bargaining framework has been formalised in legislation. It should allow more extensive use of firm-level contracts, taking better account of the needs of specific production activities, and this should be monitored. However, to fully address the issue of more dynamic nominal unit labour costs than its trade partners, which is a factor for Italy’s competitiveness loss, the wage-bargaining system should be reformed further by allowing more flexible arrangements also at the national sectoral level. In April 2012, the Government proposed an ambitious labour market reform addressing long-standing challenges in the Italian labour market, including its segmentation. This reform needs to be adopted as a matter of urgency, ensuring that its objective and level of ambition remains commensurate to the challenge of the Italian labour market. The scale and effectiveness of the liberalisation of employment services system should be closely monitored.

(14)

Despite efforts made to improve the employability of women, mainly through targeted fiscal incentives, the employment rate of Italian women is significantly lower (46,5 % in 2011) than the EU 27 average (58,5 % in 2011). Further action on childcare and elderly care facilities is needed. The challenge is particularly big for older female workers in the private sector, as the retirement age for women will rise by five years between 2012 and 2018.

(15)

Youth unemployment in Italy reached 29,1 % on average in 2011 and rose further in the first months of 2012. In particular, the unemployment rate among tertiary graduates is high and there is a mismatch between the acquired skills and those that are needed in the labour market. The promotion of apprenticeship as a main port of entry into the labour market is welcome but still requires enforcement of the appropriate instruments such as a new system of occupational and training standards and skills certification schemes. The Commission set up an action team to reprogramme cohesion funds towards measures that support the employment of young people and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

(16)

The early school leaving rate of 18,8 % at national level, with strong regional variations, has adverse effects on youth unemployment. More targeted and coordinated action to address the challenge of early school leaving should be taken by combining prevention, intervention and compensation measures. The underperformance of the tertiary education system should be addressed including through the full implementation of the 2010 university reform, and a stronger link between universities’ performance and the allocation of public funding.

(17)

Italy has adopted important measures to liberalise services, in particular professional services, and to improve competition in the network industries. However, multiple challenges remain in the energy and transport sectors, in particular railways and ports, where infrastructure and market bottlenecks remain significant.

(18)

Although some measures have already been adopted to encourage administrative simplification, the business environment in Italy remains complex. In particular, the judiciary system suffers from a number of inefficiencies in terms of resource utilisation, procedures and institutional organisation that are reflected in the low performance of the Italian civil justice system, in particular as regards the excessive duration of case-handling and the amount of backlogs.

(19)

Access to financing by SMEs is difficult and venture capital intensity is weak. An Allowance for new Corporate Equity (ACE) was introduced in December 2011 allowing companies to exclude the notional return on new injections of equity capital from taxable income. This is expected to facilitate an increase in firm size of SMEs and investment in innovation. While some measures have been taken to foster private research and development (R&D), in particular the refinancing of the tax credit for business investment in research, the intensity remains low and the implementation of projects of an innovative nature is weak.

(20)

Italy has made a number of commitments under the Euro Plus Pact. These commitments, and the implementation of the commitments presented in 2011, relate to fostering employment, improving competitiveness, enhancing sustainability of public finances and reinforcing financial stability. The Commission has assessed the implementation of the Euro Plus Pact commitments. The results of this assessment have been taken into account in the recommendations below.

(21)

In the context of the European Semester, the Commission has carried out a comprehensive analysis of Italy’s economic policy. It has assessed the Stability Programme and the National Reform Programme, and presented an in-depth review. It has taken into account not only their relevance for sustainable fiscal and socioeconomic policy in Italy but also their compliance with EU rules and guidance, given the need to reinforce the overall economic governance of the Union by providing EU-level input into future national decisions. Its recommendations under the European Semester are reflected in recommendations (1) to (6) below.

(22)

In the light of this assessment, the Council has examined the Stability Programme, and its opinion (6) is reflected in particular in recommendation (1) below.

(23)

In the light of the results of the Commission’s in-depth review and this assessment, the Council has examined the National Reform Programme and the Stability Programme. Its recommendations under Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 are reflected in recommendations (1), (4), (5) and (6) below,

1.

Implement the budgetary strategy as planned, and ensure that the excessive deficit is corrected in 2012. Ensure the planned structural primary surpluses so as to put the debt-to-GDP ratio on a declining path by 2013. Ensure adequate progress towards the MTO, while meeting the expenditure benchmark and making sufficient progress towards compliance with the debt reduction benchmark.

2.

Ensure that the specification in the implementing legislation of the key features of the balanced budget rule set out in the Constitution, including appropriate coordination across levels of government, is consistent with the EU framework. Pursue a durable improvement of the efficiency and quality of public expenditure through the planned spending review and the implementation of the 2011 Cohesion Action Plan leading to improving the absorption and management of EU funds, in particular in the South of Italy.

3.

Take further action to address youth unemployment, including by improving the labour-market relevance of education and facilitating transition to work, also through incentives for business start-ups and for hiring employees. Enforce nation-wide recognition of skills and qualifications to promote labour mobility. Take measures to reduce tertiary education dropout rates and fight early school leaving.

4.

Adopt the labour market reform as a priority to tackle the segmentation of the labour market and establish an integrated unemployment benefit scheme. Take further action to incentivise labour market participation of women, in particular through the provision of childcare and elderly care. Monitor and if needed reinforce the implementation of the new wage setting framework in order to contribute to the alignment of wage growth and productivity at sector and company level.

5.

Pursue the fight against tax evasion. Pursue the shadow economy and undeclared work, for instance by stepping up checks and controls. Take measures to reduce the scope of tax exemptions, allowances and reduced VAT rates and simplify the tax code. Take further action to shift the tax burden away from capital and labour to property and consumption as well as environment.

6.

Implement the adopted liberalisation and simplification measures in the services sector. Take further measures to improve market access in network industries, as well as infrastructure capacity and interconnections. Simplify further the regulatory framework for businesses and enhance administrative capacity. Improve access to financial instruments, in particular equity, to finance growing businesses and innovation. Implement the planned reorganisation of the civil justice system, and promote the use of alternative dispute settlement mechanisms.