(1)

Regulation (EC) No 994/98 empowers the Commission to set out in a Regulation a threshold below which aid measures are considered not to meet all the criteria laid down in Article 107(1) of the Treaty and therefore do not fall under the notification procedure provided for in Article 108(3) of the Treaty.

(2)

On the basis of that Regulation, the Commission adopted, in particular, Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006 of 15 December 2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty to de minimis aid (3), which sets a general de minimis ceiling of EUR 200 000 per beneficiary over a period of three fiscal years.

(3)

The Commission's experience in applying the State aid rules to undertakings providing services of general economic interest within the meaning of Article 106(2) of the Treaty has shown that the ceiling below which advantages granted to such undertakings may be deemed not to affect trade between Member States and/or not to distort or threaten to distort competition can in some cases differ from the general de minimis ceiling established in Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006. Indeed, at least some of those advantages are likely to constitute compensation for additional costs linked to the provision of services of general economic interest. Moreover, many activities qualifying as the provision of services of general economic interest have a limited territorial scope. It is therefore appropriate to introduce, alongside Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006, a Regulation containing specific de minimis rules for undertakings providing services of general economic interest.

(4)

In the light of the Commission's experience, aid granted to undertakings providing a service of general economic interest should be deemed not to affect trade between Member States and/or not to distort or threaten to distort competition provided that the total amount of aid granted for the provision of services of general economic interest received by the beneficiary undertaking does not exceed EUR 500 000 over any period of three fiscal years.

(5)

In view of the special rules which apply in the sectors of primary production of agricultural products, fisheries and aquaculture and of the risk that smaller amounts of aid than those set out in this Regulation could fulfil the criteria of Article 107(1) of the Treaty in those sectors, this Regulation should not apply to those sectors. This is without prejudice to measures granted to undertakings active in the fisheries sector providing a service of general economic interest not liked to fisheries products, such as for instance the collection of litter at sea. In order to take account of the small average size of undertakings active in the road freight and passenger transport sector and in view of the overcapacity of that sector and the objectives of transport policy as regards road congestion and freight transport, aid for the acquisition of road freight transport vehicles by undertakings performing road freight transport for hire and reward should be excluded. This does not call into question the Commission's favourable approach with regard to State aid for cleaner and more environmentally friendly vehicles in Union instruments other than this Regulation. In view of Council Decision 2010/787/EU of 10 December 2010 on State aid to facilitate the closure of uncompetitive coal mines (4), this Regulation should not apply to the coal sector.

(6)

Considering the similarities between the processing and marketing of agricultural products, on the one hand, and of non-agricultural products, on the other, this Regulation should apply to the processing and marketing of agricultural products, provided that certain conditions are met. Neither on-farm activities necessary for preparing a product for the first sale, such as harvesting, cutting and threshing of cereals, or packing of eggs, nor the first sale to resellers or processors should be considered as processing or marketing in this respect.

(7)

The Court of Justice has established that, once the Union has legislated for the establishment of a common organisation of the market in a given sector of agriculture, Member States are under an obligation to refrain from taking any measure which might undermine or create exceptions to it. For this reason, this Regulation should not apply to aid the amount of which is set on the basis of the price or quantity of products purchased or put on the market. Nor should it apply to de minimis support which is linked to an obligation to share the aid with primary producers.

(8)

This Regulation should not apply to de minimis export aid or de minimis aid favouring domestic over imported products.

(9)

This Regulation should not apply to undertakings in difficulty within the meaning of the Community guidelines on State aid for rescuing and restructuring firms in difficulty (5).

(10)

It should not be possible for State aid measures exceeding the de minimis ceiling to be broken down into a number of smaller parts in order to bring such parts within the scope of this Regulation.

(11)

In accordance with the principles governing aid falling within Article 107(1) of the Treaty, de minimis aid should be considered to be granted at the moment the legal right to receive the aid is conferred on the undertaking under the applicable national legal regime.

(12)

In order to avoid circumvention of maximum aid intensities laid down in different Union instruments, de minimis aid should not be cumulated with State aid in respect of the same eligible costs if such cumulation would result in an aid intensity exceeding that stipulated in the specific circumstances of each case by a Block Exemption Regulation or decision adopted by the Commission.

(13)

This Regulation should not restrict the application of Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006 to undertakings providing services of general economic interest. Member States should remain free to rely either on this Regulation or on Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006 as regards aid granted for the provision of services of general economic interest.

(14)

The Court of Justice, in its Altmark judgment (6), has set out criteria to establish when compensation for the provision of a service of general economic interest does not constitute State aid. However, in any case de minimis aid under this Regulation shall not be cumulated with any compensation in respect of the same service, regardless of whether it constitutes State aid or not under the Altmark judgment. Therefore, aid measures only fall under this Regulation if the entire amount of compensation, whether it constitutes State aid or not, does not exceed the threshold set out in this Regulation.

(15)

For the purposes of transparency and of its correct application, this Regulation should establish a clear threshold also for cases where aid takes forms other than a grant, such as a loan or a capital injection. With a view to uniform, transparent and simple application of the State aid rules, this threshold should be able to be applied independently of the specific characteristics of the measure and should not require any calculation. Therefore, aid granted in other forms than grants should benefit from this Regulation only if the amount paid out to the undertaking does not exceed EUR 500 000. Where the aid takes the form of a guarantee, this Regulation should only apply where the guaranteed part of the underlying loan does not exceed EUR 500 000.

(16)

The Commission has a duty to ensure that State aid rules are complied with and in particular that aid granted under the de minimis rules adheres to the conditions thereof. In accordance with the cooperation principle laid down in Article 4(3) of the Treaty on European Union, Member States should facilitate the fulfilment of this task by establishing the necessary tools in order to ensure that the total amount of de minimis aid granted to the same undertaking for the provision of services of general economic interest does not exceed the overall permissible ceiling. To that end and to ensure compliance with the provisions on cumulation with aid under Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006, when granting a de minimis aid under this Regulation, Member States shall inform the undertaking concerned of the amount of aid and of its de minimis character by referring to this Regulation. Moreover, prior to granting such aid the Member State concerned should obtain from the undertaking a declaration about other de minimis aid covered by this Regulation or by Regulation (EC) No 1998/2006 received during the fiscal year concerned and the two previous fiscal years. Alternatively, the Member State should have the possibility to ensure that the ceiling is observed by means of a central register.

(17)

This Regulation applies without prejudice to the requirements of Union law in the area of public procurement or of additional requirements flowing from the Treaty or from sectoral Union legislation.

(18)

This Regulation should apply to aid granted before its entry into force to undertakings providing services of general economic interest,

(a)

aid granted to undertakings active in the fishery and aquaculture sectors, as covered by Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 (7);

(b)

aid granted to undertakings active in the primary production of agricultural products as listed in Annex I to the Treaty;

(c)

aid granted to undertakings active in the processing and marketing of agricultural products as listed in Annex I to the Treaty, in the following cases:

(d)

aid to export-related activities towards third countries or Member States, namely aid directly linked to the quantities exported, to the establishment and operation of a distribution network or to other current expenditure linked to the export activity;

(e)

aid contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods;

(f)

aid granted to undertakings active in the coal sector, as defined in Decision 2010/787/EU;

(g)

aid for the acquisition of road freight transport vehicles granted to undertakings performing road freight transport for hire or reward;

(h)

aid granted to undertakings in difficulty.

(a)

‘agricultural products’ means products listed in Annex I to the Treaty, with the exception of fishery products;

(b)

‘processing of agricultural products’ means any operation on an agricultural product resulting in a product which is also an agricultural product, except on-farm activities necessary for preparing an animal or plant product for the first sale;

(c)

‘marketing of agricultural products’ means holding or display with a view to sale, offering for sale, delivery or any other manner of placing on the market, except the first sale by a primary producer to resellers or processors and any activity preparing a product for such first sale. A sale by a primary producer to final consumers shall be considered as marketing if it takes place in separate premises reserved for that purpose.