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Document 01975L0322-20070101
Council Directive of 20 May 1975 on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electromagnetic compatibility) (75/322/EEC)
Consolidated text: Council Directive of 20 May 1975 on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electromagnetic compatibility) (75/322/EEC)
Council Directive of 20 May 1975 on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electromagnetic compatibility) (75/322/EEC)
No longer in force
1975L0322 — EN — 01.01.2007 — 006.001
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 20 May 1975 on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electromagnetic compatibility) (OJ L 147, 9.6.1975, p.28) |
Amended by:
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Official Journal |
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No |
page |
date |
||
L 378 |
45 |
31.12.1982 |
||
L 266 |
1 |
8.11.1995 |
||
DIRECTIVE 97/54/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 September 1997 |
L 277 |
24 |
10.10.1997 |
|
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2000/2/EC Text with EEA relevance of 14 January 2000 |
L 21 |
23 |
26.1.2000 |
|
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2001/3/EC Text with EEA relevance of 8 January 2001 |
L 28 |
1 |
30.1.2001 |
|
L 363 |
81 |
20.12.2006 |
Amended by:
L 236 |
33 |
23.9.2003 |
Corrected by:
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 20 May 1975
on the suppression of radio interference produced by agricultural or forestry tractors (electromagnetic compatibility)
(75/322/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;
Having regard to the Opinion of the European Parliament ( 1 );
Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee ( 2 );
Whereas the technical requirements with which tractors must comply pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia, to the suppression of radio interference;
Whereas these requirements differ from one Member State to another; whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same requirements either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, in particular to allow the EEC type approval procedure which was the subject of Council Directive 74/150/EEC ( 3 ) of 4 March 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors to be applied in respect of each type of tractor,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
For the purposes of this Directive, ‘vehicle’ means any vehicle as defined in Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 2
No Member State may refuse to grant EC type-approval or national type-approval to a vehicle, system, component or separate technical unit on grounds relating to electromagnetic compatibility if the requirements of this Directive are fulfilled.
▼M4 —————
Article 4
This Directive shall constitute a ‘specific directive’ for the purposes of Article 2(2) of Council Directive 89/336/EEC ( 4 ) with effect from 1 October 2001.
Article 5
The amendments necessary for adapting the requirements of the Annexes to technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of Directive 74/150/EEC.
Article 6
1. Member States shall bring into force the provisions necessary in order to comply with this Directive within 18 months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
2. Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission.
Article 7
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
ANNEX I
REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET BY VEHICLES AND ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES FITTED TO A VEHICLE
1. Scope
1.1. |
►M4 This Directive applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of vehicles covered by Article 1. It also applies to electrical or electronic separate technical units intended to be fitted to the vehicles. ◄ |
2. Definitions
2.1. |
For the purposes of this Directive:
|
3. Application for EEC type-approval
3.1. |
Approval of a vehicle type
|
3.2. |
Approval of a type of ESA
|
4. Type-approval
4.1. |
Routes to type-approval
|
4.2. |
Granting of type-approval
|
4.3. |
Amendments to approvals
|
5. Marking
5.1. |
Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Directive shall bear an EEC type-approval mark. |
5.2. |
This mark shall consist of a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which has granted type-approval: 1 for Germany; 2 for France; 3 for Italy; 4 for the Netherlands; 5 for Sweden; 6 for Belgium; 9 for Spain; 11 for the United Kingdom; 12 for Austria; 13 for Luxembourg; 17 for Finland; 18 for Denmark; 21 for Portugal; 23 for Greece; 24 for Ireland, ►A1 8 for the Czech Republic, 29 for Estonia, CY for Cyprus, 32 for Latvia, 36 for Lithuania, 7 for Hungary, MT for Malta, 20 for Poland, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, ◄ ►M6 34 for Bulgaria, 19 for Romania. ◄ It must also include in the vicinity of the rectangle the four-digit sequential number (with leading zeros as applicable) — hereinafter referred to as ‘base approval number’ — contained in Section 4 of the type-approval number shown on the EEC type-approval certificate issued for the type of device in question (see Annex IIIB), preceded by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the most recent major technical amendment to ►M4 Directive 75/322/EEC ◄ on the date EEC component type-approval was granted. In this Directive the sequence number is 02. |
5.3. |
The EEC type-approval mark must be affixed to the main part of the ESA (e.g. the electronic control unit) in such a way as to be clearly legible and indelible. |
5.4. |
An example of the EEC type-approval mark is shown in Appendix 7. |
5.5. |
No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in vehicle types approved by this Directive. |
5.6. |
Markings on ESAs in compliance with paragraph 5.3 need not be visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle. |
6. Specifications
6.1. |
General specification
|
6.2. |
Specifications concerning broadband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles fitted with spark ignition.
|
6.3. |
Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic radiation from vehicles.
|
6.4. |
Specifications concerning immunity of vehicles to electromagnetic radiation.
|
6.5. |
Specification concerning broadband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs.
|
6.6. |
Specifications concerning narrowband electromagnetic interference generated by ESAs.
|
6.7. |
Specifications concerning immunity of ESAs to electromagnetic radiation.
|
7. Conformity of production
▼M4 —————
7.2. |
Conformity of production with regard to the electromagnetic compatibility of the vehicle or component of separate technical unit shall be checked on the basis of the data contained in the type-approval certificate(s) set out in Annex IIIA and/or IIIB of this Directive as appropriate. |
▼M4 —————
|
8. Exceptions
8.1. |
Where a vehicle or electrical/electronic system or ESA does not include an electronic oscillator with an operating frequency greater than 9 kHz, it shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.3.2 or 6.6.2 of Annex I and with Annexes V and VIII. |
8.2. |
Vehicles which do not have electrical/electronic systems or ESAs involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.4 of Annex I and with Annex VI to this Directive. |
8.3. |
ESAs whose functions are not involved in the direct control of the vehicle need not be tested for immunity and shall be deemed to comply with paragraph 6.7 of Annex I and with Annex IX to this Directive. |
8.4. |
Electrostatic discharge For vehicles fitted with tyres, the vehicle body/chassis can be considered to be an electrically isolated structure. Significant electrostatic forces in relation to the vehicle's external environment only occur at the moment of occupant entry into or exit from the vehicle. As the vehicle is stationary at these moments, no type-approval test for electrostatic discharge is deemed necessary. |
8.5. |
Conducted transients Since during normal driving, no external electrical connections are made to vehicles, no conducted transients are generated in relation to the external environment. The responsibility of ensuring that equipment can tolerate the conducted transients within a vehicle, e.g. due to load switching and interaction between systems, lies with the manufacturer. No type-approval test for conducted transients is deemed necessary. |
Appendix 1
Vehicle broadband reference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.1
Appendix 2
Vehicle broadband reference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.2.2.2
Appendix 3
Vehicle narrowband reference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 10 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.3.2.1
Appendix 4
Vehicle narrowband reference limits
Antenna—vehicle separation: 3 m
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.8.2.2
Appendix 5
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Broadband reference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.5.2.1
Appendix 6
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly
Narrowband reference limits
Frequency — megahertz — logarithmic
See Annex I, Section 6.6.2.1
Appendix 7
Model for the EEC type-approval mark
The ESA bearing the above EEC type-approval mark is a device which has been approved in Germany (e1) under the base approval number 0148. The first two digits (02) indicate that the device conforms with the requirements of Directive 72/245/EEC, as amended by this Directive.
The figures used are only indicative.
ANNEX IIA
Information document No … pursuant to Annex I to Directive 74/150/EEC relating to EC type-approval of an agricultural or forestry tractor concerning electromagnetic compatibility (75/322/EEC), as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
Appendix 1
Description of vehicle chosen to represent the type
Body style:
Left or right hand drive:
Wheelbase:
Component options:
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.
ANNEX IIB
Information document No… relating to EC type-approval of an electrical/electronic sub-assembly with respect to electromagnetic compatibility (Directive 75/322/EEC), as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
0. General
0.1. |
Make (trade name of manufacturer): |
0.2. |
Type and general commercial description(s): |
0.5. |
Name and address of manufacturer: |
0.7. |
In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the EEC approval mark: |
0.8. |
Address(es) of assembly plant(s): |
1. This ESA shall be approved as a component/STU ( 7 )
2. Any restrictions of use and conditions for fitting:
Appendix 1
Description of the ESA chosen to represent the type:
Appendix 2
Relevant test report(s) supplied by the manufacturer or approved/recognized laboratories for the purpose of drawing up the type-approval certificate.
ANNEX IIIA
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval ( 8 )
— extension of type-approval (8)
— refusal of type-approval (8)
— withdrawal of type-approval (8)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (8) with regard to ►M4 Directive 75/322/EEC ◄ , as last amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type approval number:
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. |
Make (trade name of manufacturer): |
0.2. |
Type and general commercial description(s): |
0.3. |
Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/separate technical unit (8) ( 9 ):
|
0.4. |
►M4 Vehicle ◄ : |
0.5. |
Name and address of manufacturer: |
0.7. |
In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark: |
0.8. |
Address(es) of assembly plant(s): |
SECTION II
1. |
Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix |
2. |
Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests: |
3. |
Date of test report: |
4. |
Number of test report: |
5. |
Remarks (if any): See Appendix |
6. |
Place: |
7. |
Date: |
8. |
Signature: |
9. |
The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority, which may be obtained on request is attached |
Appendix to EC type-approval certificate No…
concerning the type-approval of a vehicle with regard to Directive 75/322/EEC, as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
1. |
Additional information
|
5. |
Remarks: (e.g. valid for both left-hand drive and right-hand drive vehicles) |
ANNEX IIIB
MODEL
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
EC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
Communication concerning the:
— type-approval ( 10 )
— extension of type-approval (10)
— refusal of type-approval (10)
— withdrawal of type-approval (10)
of a type of vehicle/component/separate technical unit (10) with regard to ►M4 Directive 75/322/EEC ◄ , as last amended by Directive …/…/EC.
Type-approval number:
Reason for extension:
SECTION I
0.1. |
Make (trade name of manufacturer): |
0.2. |
Type and general commercial description(s): |
0.3. |
Means of identification of type, if marked on the vehicle/component/separate technical unit (10) ( 11 ):
|
0.4. |
►M4 Vehicle ◄ : |
0.5. |
Name and address of manufacturer: |
0.7. |
In the case of components and separate technical units, location and method of affixing of the EEC approval-mark: |
0.8. |
Address(es) of assembly plant(s): |
SECTION II
1. |
Additional information (where applicable): See Appendix |
2. |
Technical service responsible for carrying out the tests: |
3. |
Date of test report: |
4. |
Number of test report: |
5. |
Remarks (if any): See Appendix |
6. |
Place: |
7. |
Date: |
8. |
Signature: |
9. |
The index to the information package lodged with the approval authority, which may be obtained on request is attached. |
Appendix to EC type-approval certificate No…
concerning the type-approval of an electrical/electronic sub-assembly with regard to Directive 75/322/EEC, as last amended by Directive 2000/2/EC
1. |
Additional information:
|
5. |
Remarks: |
ANNEX IV
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES
1. General
1.1. |
The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehicles. |
1.2. |
Measuring apparatus The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of braodband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the spark pulse rate. |
1.3. |
Test method This test is intended to measure the broadband electromagnetic emissions generated by spark-ignition systems and by electric motors (electric traction motors, engines for heating or de-icing systems, fuel pumps, water pumps, etc.) permanently fitted to the vehicle. Two alternative reference antenna distances are permissible: 10 or 3 m from the vehicle. In either case the requirements of paragraph 3 of this Annex shall be complied with. |
2. Expression of results
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolt/m (microvol/m) for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B (expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band width through multiplication by a factor 120/B.
3. Measuring location
3.1. |
The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to this Annex). |
3.2. |
The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex. Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be affected. |
3.3. |
Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure 1 in Appendix 1 of this Annex other than the distance from the antenna to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in paragraph 3.4 of this Annex. |
3.4. |
Ambient To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. If the vehicle is present when ambient measurements are taken, it will be necessary to ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery. In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in paragraph 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 (as appropriate) of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions. |
4. Vehicle state during tests
4.1. |
Engine The engine shall be running at its normal operating temperature and the transmission shall be in neutral. If for practical reasons this cannot be achieved, alternative arrangements mutually agreed between the manufacturer and the test authorities may be made. Care shall be taken to ensure that the speed setting mechanism does not influence electromagnetic radiations. During each measurement, the engine shall be operated as follows:
|
4.2. |
Testing shall not be conducted while rain or other precipitation is falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped. |
5. Antenna type, position and orientation
5.1. |
Antenna type Any antenna may be used provided it can be normalized to the reference antenna. The method described in CISPR publication No 12, Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna. |
5.2. |
Height and distance of measurement
|
5.3. |
Antenna location relative to vehicle The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand sides of the vehicle, with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the vehicle, in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 1 in Appendix 1 to this Annex) ►M4 and in line with the vehicle mid-point defined as the point on the principal axis of the vehicle midway between the centres of the front and rear axles of the vehicle ◄ . |
5.4. |
Antenna position At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to this Annex). |
5.5. |
Readings The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made. |
6. Frequencies
6.1. |
Measurements Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Annex, the Testing Authority shall test at up to 13 frequencies in the range, e.g. 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750, 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to background radiation.
|
6.2. |
Tolerances
The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to avoid interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot frequencies during the time of measurement. |
Appendix 1
Figure 1
TRACTOR TEST AREA
(Level area free from reflecting electromagnetic surfaces)
Figure 2
POSITION OF ANTENNA RELATIVE TO TRACTOR
ANNEX V
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED NARROWBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES
1. General
1.1. |
The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehicles. |
1.2. |
Measuring apparatus The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93), of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex. |
1.3. |
Test method
|
2. Expression of results
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m).
3. Measuring location
3.1. |
The test site shall be a level, clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces within a circle of minimum radius 30 m measured from a point midway between the vehicle and the antenna (see Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV). |
3.2. |
The measuring set, test hut, or vehicle in which the measurement set is located may be within the test site, but only in the permitted region shown in Figure 1 of Appendix 1 to Annex IV. Other measuring antennae are allowed within the test area, at a minimum distance of 10 m both from receiving antenna and the vehicle/STU under test, provided that it can be shown that the test results will not be affected. |
3.3. |
Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Figure 1 in Appendix 1 of Annex IV other than the distance from the antenna to the vehicle and the height of the antenna. Neither do they need to have ambient emissions checked before or after the test as indicated in paragraph 3.4 of this Annex. |
3.4. |
Ambient To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, ambient measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. It will be necessary to ensure that any emissions from the vehicle do not affect significantly the ambient measurements, for example by removing the vehicle from the test area, removing the ignition key, or disconnecting the battery(ies). In both of the measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in paragraph 6.3.2.1 or 6.3.2.2 (as appropriate) of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions. |
4. Vehicle state during tests
4.1. |
The vehicle's electronic systems shall all be in normal operating mode with the vehicle stationary. |
4.2. |
The ignition shall be switched on. The engine shall not be operating. |
4.3. |
Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is falling on the vehicle or within 10 minutes after such precipitation has stopped. |
5. Antenna type, position and orientation
5.1. |
Antenna type Any antenna may be used provided that it can be normalized to the reference antenna. The method described in the CISPR 12 publication, Edition 3, Appendix A, may be used to calibrate the antenna. |
5.2. |
Height and distance of measurement
|
5.3. |
Antenna location relative to vehicle The antenna shall be located successively on the left and right-hand sides of the vehicle with the antenna parallel to the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the vehicle and in line with the engine mid-point (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV). |
5.4. |
Antenna position At each of the measuring points, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a horizontal and in a vertical polarization (see Figure 2 in Appendix 1 to Annex IV). |
5.5. |
Readings The maximum of the four readings taken in accordance with paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements are made. |
6. Frequencies
6.1. |
Measurements Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satisfied. To confirm that the vehicle meets the requirements of this Annex, the testing authority shall test at one such point in each of the following 13 frequency bands: 30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to 1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the vehicle and not to background radiation. |
ANNEX VI
METHOD OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF VEHICLES TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
1. General
1.1. |
The test method described in this Annex shall only be applied to vehicles. |
1.2. |
Test method This test is intended to demonstrate the immunity to degradation in the direct control of the vehicle. The vehicle shall be subject to electromagnetic fields as described in this Annex. The vehicle shall be mnitored during the tests. |
2. Expression of results
For the test described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed in volts/m.
3. Measuring location
The test facility shall be capable of generating the field strengths over the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall comply with (national) legal requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic signals.
Care shall be taken so that the control and monitoring equipment shall not be affected by radiated fields in such a way as to invalidate the tests.
4. Vehicle state during tests
4.1. |
The vehicle shall be in an unladen condition except for necessary test equipment.
|
4.2. |
If there are vehicle electrical/electronic systems which form an integral part of the direct control of the vehicle, which will not operate under the conditions described in paragraph 4.1, it will be permissible for the manufacturer to provide a report or additional evidence to the testing authority that the vehicle electrical/electronic system meets the requirements of this Directive. Such evidence shall be retained in the type-approval documentation. |
4.3. |
Only non-perturbing equipment shall be used while monitoring the vehicle. The vehicle exterior and the passenger compartment shall be monitored to determine whether the requirements of this Annex are met (e.g. by using (a) video camera(s)). |
4.4. |
The vehicle shall normally face a fixed antenna. However, where the electronic control units and the associated wiring harness are predominantly in the rear of the vehicle, the test should normally be carried out with the vehicle facing away from the antenna. In the case of long vehicles (i.e. excluding cars and light vans), which have electronic control units and associated wiring harness predominantly towards the middle of the vehicle, a reference point (see paragraph 5.4 of this Annex) may be established based on either the right side surface or the left side surface of the vehicle. This reference point shall be at the midpoint of the vehicle's length or at one point along the side of the vehicle chosen by the manufacturer in conjunction with the competent authority after considering the distribution of electronic systems and the layout of any wiring harness. Such testing may only take place if the physical construction of the chamber permits. The antenna location must be noted in the test report. |
5. Field generating device type, position and orientation
5.1. |
Field generating device type
|
5.2. |
Height and distance of measurement
|
5.3. |
Antenna location relative to vehicle
|
5.4. |
Reference point
|
5.5. |
If it is decided to radiate the rear of the vehicle, the reference point shall be established as in paragraph 5.4. The vehicle shall then be installed facing away from the antenna and positioned as if it had been horizontally rotated 180° around its centre point, i.e. such that the distance from the antenna to the nearest part of the outer body of the vehicle remains the same. This is illustrated in Appendix 3 to this Annex. |
6. Test requirements
6.1. |
Frequency range, dwell times, polarization The vehicle shall be exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency range.
|
7. Generation of required field strength
7.1. |
Test methodology
|
7.2. |
Field strengh contour
|
7.3. |
Chamber resonance Notwithstanding the condition expressed in 7.2.1, tests shall not be performed at chamber reasonant frequencies. |
7.4. |
Characteristics of the test signal to be generated.
|
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
▼M4 —————
Appendix ►M4 3 ◄
Characteristics of test signal to be generated
ANNEX VII
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED BROADBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1. General
1.1. |
The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs which may be subsequently fitted to vehicles which comply with Annex IV. |
1.2. |
Measuring apparatus The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). A quasi-peak detector shall be used for the measurement of broadband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex, or if a peak detector is used an appropriate correction factor shall be used depending on the interference pulse rate. |
1.3. |
Test method This test is intended to measure broadband electromagnetic emissions from ESAs. |
2. Expression of results
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), for 120 kHz band width. If the actual band width B (expressed in kHz) of the measuring apparatus differs from 120 kHz, the readings taken in microvolts/m shall be converted to 120 kHz band width through multiplication by a factor 120/B.
3. Measuring location
3.1. |
The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to this Annex). |
3.2. |
The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to this Annex. |
3.3. |
Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an approved outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Appendix 1 to this Annex other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to this Annex). |
3.4. |
Ambient To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements hall be taken before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in paragraph 6.5.2.1 of Annex I, except for international narrowband ambient transmissions. |
4. ESA state during tests
4.1. |
The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. |
4.2. |
Measurements shall not be made while rain of other precipitation is falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after such rain or other precipitation has stopped. |
4.3. |
Test arrangements
|
4.4. |
Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 μH/50 Ω artificial network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. |
4.5. |
If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the contribution it makes to the emissions measured. |
5. Antenna type, position and orientation
5.1. |
Antenna type Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normalized to the reference antenna. |
5.2. |
Height and distance of measurement
|
5.3. |
Antenna orientation and polarization At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a vertical and in a horizontal polarization. |
5.4. |
Readings The maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph 5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made. |
6. Frequencies
6.1. |
Measurements Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. An ESA is considered as very likely to satisfy the required limits over the whole frequency range if it satisfies them at the following 13 frequencies in the range, e.g.: 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA and not to background radiation.
|
6.2. |
Tolerances
The tolerances apply to frequencies quoted and are intended to avoid interference from transmissions operating on or near the nominal spot frequencies during the time of measurement. |
Appendix 1
Figure 1
Electrical/electronic sub-assembly test area boundary
Level clear area free from electromagnetic reflecting surfaces
Appendix 2
Figure 1
Radiated electromagnetic emissions from an ESA test layout (General plan view)
Appendix 2
Figure 2
Radiated electromagnetic emissions from an ESA view of test bench plane of longitudinal symmetry
ANNEX VIII
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIATED NARROWBAND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS FROM ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES
1. General
1.1. |
The test method described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs. |
1.2. |
Measuring apparatus The measuring equipment shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISFR). An average detector or a peak detector shall be used for the measurement of radiated narrowband electromagnetic emissions in this Annex. |
1.3. |
Test method
|
2. Expression of results
The results of measurements shall be expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m).
3. Measuring location
3.1. |
The test site shall comply with the requirements of publication No 16-1 (93) of the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) (see Appendix 1 to Annex VII). |
3.2. |
The measuring set, test hut or vehicle in which the measurement set is located shall be outside the boundary shown in Appendix 1 to Annex VII. |
3.3. |
Enclosed test facilities may be used if correlation can be shown between the enclosed test facility and an outdoor site. Enclosed test facilities do not need to meet the dimensional requirements of Appendix 1 to Annex VII other than the distance from the antenna to the ESA under test and the height of the antenna (see Figures 1 and 2 of Appendix 2 to Annex VII). |
3.4. |
Ambient To ensure that there is no extraneous noise or signal of a magnitude sufficient to affect materially the measurement, measurements shall be taken before and after the main test. In both of these measurements, the extraneous noise or signal shall be at least 10 dB below the limits of interference given in paragraph 6.6.2.1 of Annex I, except for intentional narrowband ambient transmissions. |
4. ESA state during tests
4.1. |
The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. |
4.2. |
Measurements shall not be made while rain or other precipitation is falling on the ESA under test or within 10 minutes after rain or other precipitation has stopped. |
4.3. |
Test arrangements
|
4.4. |
Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via a 5 μH/50 Ω resistance artificial network (AN) which shall be electrically bonded to the ground plane. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. |
4.5. |
If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and actuators. If extraneous equipment is required for the correct operation of the ESA under test, compensation shall be made for the contribution it makes to the emissions measured. |
5. Antenna type, position and orientation
5.1. |
Antenna type Any linearly polarized antenna may be used provided it can be normalized to the reference antenna. |
5.2. |
Height and distance of measurement
|
5.3. |
Antenna orientation and polarization At the measuring point, readings shall be taken both with the antenna in a vertical and in a horizontal polarization. |
5.4. |
Readings The maximum of the two readings taken (in accordance with paragraph 5.3) at each spot frequency shall be taken as the characteristic reading at the frequency at which the measurements were made. |
6. Frequencies
6.1. |
Measurements Measurements shall be made throughout the 30 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. This range shall be divided into 13 bands. In each band one spot frequency may be tested to demonstrate that the required limits are satisfied. To confirm that the ESA under test meets the requirements of this Annex, the testing authority shall test one such point in each of the following 13 frequency bands: 30 to 50, 50 to 75, 75 to 100, 100 to 130, 130 to 165, 165 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 320, 320 to 400, 400 to 520, 520 to 660, 660 to 820, 820 to 1 000 MHz. In the event that the limit is exceeded during the test, investigations shall be made to ensure that this is due to the ESA under test and not to background radiation. |
6.2. |
If during the initial step which may have been carried out as described in paragraph 1.3 of this Annex, the radiated narrowband emissions for any of the bands identified in paragraph 6.1 are at least 10 dB below the reference limit, then the ESA shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this Annex in respect of that frequency band. |
ANNEX IX
METHOD(S) OF TESTING FOR IMMUNITY OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC SUB-ASSEMBLIES TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
1. General
1.1. |
The test method(s) described in this Annex may be applied to ESAs. |
1.2. |
Test methods
|
2. Expression of results
For the tests described in this Annex, field strengths shall be expressed in volts/m and injected current shall be expressed in milliamps.
3. Measuring location
3.1. |
The test facility shall be capable of generating the required test signal over the frequency ranges defined in this Annex. The test facility shall comply with (national) legal requirements regarding the emission of electromagnetic signals. |
3.2. |
The measuring equipment shall be located outside the chamber. |
4. State of ESA during tests
4.1. |
The ESA under test shall be in normal operation mode. It shall be arranged as defined in this Annex unless individual test methods dictate otherwise. |
4.2. |
Power shall be applied to the ESA under test via an (5 μ H/50 Ω) artificial network (AN), which shall be electrically grounded. The electrical supply voltage shall be maintained to ± 10 % of its nominal system operating voltage. Any ripple voltage shall be less than 1,5 % of the nominal system operating voltage measured at the AN monitoring port. |
4.3. |
Any extraneous equipment required to operate the ESA under test shall be in place during the calibration phase. No extraneous equipment shall be closer than 1 m from the reference point during calibration. |
4.4. |
To ensure reproducible measurement results are obtained when tests and measurements are repeated, the test signal generating equipment and its layout shall be to the same specification as that used during each appropriate calibration phase (paragraphs 7.2, 7.3.2.3, 8.4, 9.2 and 10.2 of this Annex). |
4.5. |
If the ESA under test consists of more than one unit, the interconnecting cables should ideally be the wiring harness as intended for use in the vehicle. If these are not available, the length between the electronic control unit and the AN shall be 1 500 ± 75 mm. All cables in the loom should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and actuators. |
5. Frequency range, dwell times
5.1. |
Measurements shall be made in the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency range. |
5.2. |
To confirm that the ESA(s) meet(s) the requirements of this Annex, the tests shall be performed at up to 14 spot frequencies in the range, e.g.: 27, 45, 65, 90, 120, 150, 190, 230, 280, 380, 450, 600, 750 and 900 MHz The response time of the equipment under test shall be considered and the dwell time shall be sufficient to allow the equipment under test to react under normal conditions. In any case, it shall not be less than two seconds. |
6. Characteristics of test signal to be generated
6.1. |
Maximum envelope excursion The maximuim envelope excursion of the test signal shall equal the maximum envelope excursion of an unmodulated sine wave whose rms value is defined in paragraph 6.4.2 of Annex I (see Appendix 4 of Annex VI). |
6.2. |
Test signal wave form The test signal shall be a radio frequency sine wave, amplitude modulated by a 1 kHz sine wave at a modulation depth m of 0,8 ± 0,04. |
6.3. |
Modulation depth The modulation depth m is defined as:
|
7. Stripline testing
7.1. |
Test method This test method consists of subjecting the wiring harness connecting the components in an ESA to specified field strengths. |
7.2. |
Field strength measurement in the stripline At each desired test frequency a level of power shall be fed into the stripline to produce the required field strength in the test area with the ESA under test absent, this level of forward power, or another parameter directly related to the forward power required to define the field, shall be measured and the results recorded. These results shall be used for type approval tests unless changes occur in the facilities or equipment which necessitate this procedure being repeated. During this process, the position of the field probe head shall be under the active conductor, centred in longitudinal, vertical and transversal directions. The housing of the probe's electronics shall be as far away from the longitudinal stripline axis as possible. |
7.3. |
Installation of the ESA under test
|
8. Free field ESA immunity test
8.1. |
Test method This test method allows the testing of vehicle electrical/electronic systems by exposing an ESA to electromagnetic radiation generated by an antenna. |
8.2. |
Test bench description The test shall be performed inside a semi-anechoic chamber on a bench top.
|
8.3. |
Field generating device type, position and orientation
|
8.4. |
Generation of required field strength: test methodology
|
8.5. |
Field strength contour
|
9. TEM cell testing
9.1. |
Test method The TEM (transverse electromagnetic mode) cell generates homogeneous fields between the internal conductor (septum) and housing (ground plane). It is used for testing ESAs (see Figure 1 of Appendix 3 to this Annex)). |
9.2. |
Field strength measurement in a TEM cell
|
9.3. |
Dimensions of TEM cell In order to maintain a homogeneous field in the TEM cell and to obtain repeatable measurement results, the test object shall not be larger than one-third of the cell inside height. Recommended TEM cell dimensions are given in Appendix 3, Figures 2 and 3 to this Annex. |
9.4. |
Power, signal and control wires The TEM cell shall be attached to a co-axial socket panel and connected as closely as possible to a plug connector with an adequate number of pins. The supply and signal leads from the plug connector in the cell wall shall be directly connected to the test object. The external components such as sensors, power supply and control elements can be connected: (a) to a screened peripheral; (b) to a vehicle next to the TEM cell; or (c) directly to the screened patchboard. Screened cables must be used in connecting the TEM cell to the peripheral or the vehicle if the vehicle or peripheral is not in the same or adjacent screened room. |
10. Bulk current injection testing
10.1. |
Test method This is a method of carrying out immunity tests by inducing currents directly into a wiring harness using a current injection probe. The injection probe consists of a coupling clamp through which the cables of the ESA under test are passed. Immunity tests can then be carried out by varying the frequency of the induced signals. The ESA under test may be installed on a ground plane as in paragraph 8.2.1 or in a vehicle in accordance with the vehicle design specification. |
10.2. |
Calibration of bulk current injection probe prior to commencing tests The injection probe shall be mounted in a calibration jig. Whilst sweeping the test frequency range, the power required to achieve the current specified in Annex I, paragraph 6.7.2.1 shall be monitored. This method calibrates the bulk current injection system forward power versus current prior to testing, and it is this forward power which shall be applied to the injection probe when connected to the ESA under test via the cables used during calibration. It should be noted that the monitored power applied to the injection probe is the forward power. |
10.3. |
Installation of the ESA under test For an ESA mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph 8.2.1 all cables in the wiring harness should be terminated as realistically as possible and preferably with real loads and actuators. For both vehicle mounted and ground plane mounted ESAs the current injection probe shall be mounted in turn around all the wires in the wiring harness to each connector and 150 ± 10mm from each connector of the ESA under test electronic control units (ECU), instrument modules or active sensors as illustrated in Figure 1 of Appendix 2. |
10.4. |
Power, signal and control wires For an ESA under test mounted on a ground plane as in paragraph 8.2.1, a wiring harness shall be connected between an artificial network (AN) and the principal electronic control unit (ECU). This harness shall run parallel to the edge of the ground plane and 200 mm minimum from its edge. This harness shall contain the power feed wire which is used to connect the vehicle battery to this ECU and the power return wire if used on the vehicle. The distance from the ECU to the AN shall be 1,0 ± 0,1 m or shall be the harness length between the ECU and the battery as used on the vehicle, if known, whichever is the shorter. If a vehicle harness is used then any line branches which occur in this length shall be routed along the ground plane but perpendicular away from the edge of the ground plane. Otherwise the ESA under test wires which are in this length shall break out at the AN. |
Appendix 1
Figure 1
150 mm Stripline testing
Appendix 1
Figure 2
150 mm Stripline testing
Appendix 1
Figure 3
800 mm Stripline testing
1 = Ground plate
2 = Main loom and sensor/actuator cables
3 = Wooden frame
4 = Driven plate
5 = Insulator
6 = Test object
Appendix 1
Figure 4
800 mm Stripline dimensions
Appendix 2
Figure 1
Example of BCI test configuration
1 = DUT
2 = RF measuring probe (optional)
3 = RF injection probe
4 = Artifical network
5 = Shielded room filter network
6 = Power source
7 = DUT interface: stimulation and monitoring equipment
8 = Signal generator
9 = Broadband amplifier
10 = RF 50 Ω directional complex
11 = RF power level measuring device or equivalent
12 = Spectrum analyser or equivalent (optional)
Example of BCI test configuration
Appendix 3
Figure 1
TEM cell resting
1 = Outer conducter, shield
2 = Inner conducter (septum)
3 = Insulator
4 = Input
5 = Insulator
6 = Door
7 = Socket panel
8 = Test object power supply
9 = Terminating resistance 50 Ω
10 = Insulation
11 = Test object (maximum height one third of distance between cell floor and septum)
Appendix 3
Figure 2
Design of rectangular TEM cell
Appendix 3
Figure 3
The following table shows the dimensions for constructing a cell with specified upper frequency limits:
Upper frequency (MHz) |
Cell form factor W: b |
Cell form factor L/W |
Plate separation b (cm) |
Septum S (cm) |
200 |
1,69 |
0,66 |
56 |
70 |
200 |
1,00 |
1 |
60 |
50 |
Typical TEM cell dimensions
Appendix 4
Figure 1
Free field ESA immunity test
Test layout (general plan view)
Appendix 4
Figure 2
Free field ESA immunity test
View of test bench plane of longitudinal symmetry
( 1 ) OJ No C 160, 18. 12. 1969, p. 29.
( 2 ) OJ No C 48, 16. 4. 1969, p. 21.
( 3 ) OJ No L 84, 28. 3. 1974, p. 10.
( 4 ) OJ L 139, 23.5.1989, p. 19.
( 5 ) If applicable.
( 6 ) For example: radio telephone and citizens band radio.
( 7 ) Delete where not applicable.
( 8 ) Delete where not applicable.
( 9 ) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certificate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g. ABC??123??).
( 10 ) Delete where not applicable.
( 11 ) If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this type-approval certificate such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol: ‘?’ (e.g. ABC??123??).