‘(3)

issue one or more of the following: clearances, instructions or information for the purpose of preventing collision between aircraft under its control and of expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of traffic;’;

(a)

the introductory phrase is replaced by the following:

‘Except for cases of operations on parallel or near-parallel runways as in point ATS.TR.255 of Annex IV to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 (*1), or when a reduction in separation minima in the vicinity of aerodromes can be applied, separation by an ATC unit shall be obtained by at least one of the following:

(*1)  Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/373 of 1 March 2017 laying down common requirements for providers of air traffic management/air navigation services and other air traffic management network functions and their oversight, repealing Regulation (EC) No 482/2008, Implementing Regulations (EU) No 1034/2011, (EU) No 1035/2011 and (EU) 2016/1377 and amending Regulation (EU) No 677/2011 (OJ L 62, 8.3.2017, p. 1).’;"

(b)

point (1) is replaced by the following:

(1)

an aircraft is operating directly behind another aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m (1 000 ft) below it;

(2)

both aircraft are using the same runway or parallel runways separated by less than 760 m (2 500 ft);

(3)

an aircraft is crossing behind another aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300 m (1 000 ft) below it.

‘(6)

When vectoring or assigning a direct routing not included in the flight plan, which takes an IFR flight off published ATS route or instrument procedure, an air traffic controller providing ATS surveillance service shall issue clearances such that the prescribed obstacle clearance exists at all times until the aircraft reaches the point where the pilot re-joins the flight plan route or joins a published ATS route or instrument procedure.’;

‘(5)

any necessary instructions or information on other matters, such as ATFM departure slot if applicable, approach or departure manoeuvres, communications and the time of expiry of the clearance.’;

(i)

point (3) is replaced by the following:

(ii)

in point (5), the introductory phrase is replaced by the following:

‘When an aircraft has been given clearance to land or where an aircraft has been informed that the runway is available for landing at AFIS aerodromes and that aircraft is completing its approach using atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation (QFE), the vertical position of that aircraft shall be expressed in terms of height above aerodrome elevation during that portion of its flight for which QFE may be used, except that it shall be expressed in terms of height above runway threshold elevation:’;

(i)

the following points (7) and (8) are added:

(ii)

the second paragraph is deleted;

(i)

point (3) is replaced by the following:

(ii)

the following point (4) is added:

‘(d)

AFIS provided to flights shall include, in addition to relevant items outlined in points (a) and (b), the provision of the information concerning:

(i)

communicate to the aircraft any element of information which has to be updated;

(ii)

instruct the aircraft to obtain the current ATIS information.’;

(1)

to provide a clear channel between aircraft in distress or emergency and a ground station when the normal channels are being utilised for other aircraft;

(2)

to provide a VHF communication channel between aircraft and aerodromes, not normally used by international air services, in case of an emergency condition arising;

(3)

to provide a common VHF communication channel between aircraft, either civil or military, and between such aircraft and surface services, involved in common search and rescue operations, prior to changing when necessary to the appropriate frequency;

(4)

to provide air–ground communication with aircraft when airborne equipment failure prevents the use of the regular channels;

(5)

to provide a channel for the operation of emergency locator transmitters, and for communication between survival craft and aircraft engaged in search and rescue operations;

(6)

to provide a common VHF channel for communication between civil aircraft and intercepting aircraft or intercept control units and between civil or intercepting aircraft and air traffic services units in the event of interception of the civil aircraft.’.

‘(8)

pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption; or’;

‘(9)

the runway braking action encountered is not as good as reported.’.

ANNEX I

ANNEX II

SUBPART A –

SUBPART B –

SUBPART C –

Appendix 1 –

ANNEX III

SUBPART A –

SUBPART B –

SUBPART C –

SUBPART D –

Appendix 1 –

ANNEX IV –

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SECTION 3 –

SECTION 4 –

SECTION 5 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SECTION 3 –

SECTION 4 –

ANNEX V

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

Chapter 1 –

Chapter 2 –

Chapter 3 –

Chapter 4 –

Chapter 5 –

Chapter 6 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

Chapter 1 –

Chapter 2 –

Chapter 3 –

Chapter 4 –

Chapter 5 –

Chapter 6 –

Appendix 1 –

Appendix 2 –

Appendix 3 –

Appendix 4 –

Appendix 5A –

Appendix 5B –

Appendix 6 –

Appendix 7 –

Appendix 8 –

ANNEX VI

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SECTION 3 –

Chapter 1 –

Chapter 2 –

SECTION 4 –

SECTION 5 –

SECTION 6 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SECTION 3 –

Chapter 1 –

Chapter 2 –

SECTION 4 –

SECTION 5 –

Appendix 1 –

Appendix 2 –

Appendix 3 –

Appendix 4 –

ANNEX VII –

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

ANNEX VIII –

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

ANNEX IX –

ANNEX X –

SECTION 1 –

ANNEX XI –

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SUBPART B –

SECTION 1 –

Appendix 1 –

ANNEX XII –

SECTION 1 –

ANNEX XIII –

SUBPART A –

SECTION 1 –

SECTION 2 –

SECTION 3 –

SECTION 4 –

Appendix 1 –

Appendix 2 –

Appendix 3 –

Appendix 4 –

‘(6)

‘aerodrome flight information service (AFIS)’ means flight information service for aerodrome traffic provided by a designated air traffic services provider;’;

‘(19)

‘AIRMET’ means information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and of the development of those phenomena in time and space, and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight information region concerned or sub-area thereof;’;

‘(71)

‘meteorological watch office (MWO)’ means an office monitoring meteorological conditions affecting flight operations and providing information concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather and other phenomena in the atmosphere which may affect the safety of aircraft operations within its specified area of responsibility;’;

‘(93)

‘SIGMET’ means information, issued by a meteorological watch office, concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather and other phenomena in the atmosphere which may affect the safety of aircraft operations and of the development of those phenomena in time and space;’;

‘(99)

‘take-off alternate aerodrome’ means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and if it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure;’;

‘(108)

‘world area forecast centre (WAFC)’ means a meteorological centre preparing and issuing significant weather (SIGWX) forecasts and upper-air forecasts in digital form on a global basis direct to the Member States as part of the aeronautical fixed service (AFS) internet-based services;’;

‘(110)

‘aerodrome control tower’ means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic;

(111)

‘aerodrome traffic’ means all traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome. An aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome includes but is not limited to aircraft entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit;

(112)

‘aerodrome traffic circuit’ means the specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome;

(113)

‘aeronautical fixed station’ means a station in the aeronautical fixed service;

(114)

‘aeronautical ground light’ means any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft;

(115)

‘aeronautical information circular (AIC)’ means a notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the aeronautical information publication, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters;

(116)

‘aeronautical information management (AIM)’ means the dynamic, integrated management of aeronautical information through the provision and exchange of quality-assured digital aeronautical data in collaboration with all parties;

(117)

‘aeronautical information product’ means aeronautical data and aeronautical information provided either as digital data sets or as a standardised presentation in paper or electronic media. Aeronautical information products include:

(118)

‘aeronautical information publication (AIP)’ means a publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation;

(119)

‘AIP amendment’ means a permanent change to the information contained in the AIP;

(120)

‘AIP supplement’ means a temporary change to the information contained in the AIP, which is provided by means of special pages;

(121)

‘aeronautical information regulation and control’ (AIRAC) means a system aimed at advance notification, based on common effective dates, of circumstances that necessitate significant changes in operating practices;

(122)

‘aeronautical mobile service’ means a mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radio beacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies;

(123)

‘aeronautical station’ means a land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board a ship or on a platform at sea;

(124)

‘aeronautical telecommunication station’ means a station in a telecommunication service provided for any aeronautical purpose;

(125)

‘AFIS aerodrome’ means an aerodrome where AFIS is provided within the airspace associated with such aerodrome;

(126)

‘AFIS unit’ means a unit established to provide AFIS and alerting service;

(127)

‘aircraft identification’ means a group of letters, figures or a combination thereof which is either identical to, or the coded equivalent of, the aircraft call sign to be used in air-ground communications, and which is used to identify the aircraft in ground-ground air traffic service communications;

(128)

‘air-ground communication’ means two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth;

(129)

‘air traffic advisory service’ means a service provided within an airspace of defined dimensions, or a designated route (advisory airspace) to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plans;

(130)

‘air traffic control clearance’ or ‘ATC clearance’ means authorisation for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit;

(131)

‘air traffic control instruction’ or ‘ATC instruction’ means directives issued by ATC for the purpose of requiring a pilot to take a specific action;

(132)

‘air traffic control (ATC) unit’ or ‘ATC unit’ is a generic term meaning variously, area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome control tower;

(133)

‘ALERFA’ is the code word used to designate an alert phase;

(134)

‘alerting service’ means a service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required;

(135)

‘alert phase’ means a situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants;

(136)

‘approach control unit’ means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes;

(137)

‘area navigation route’ means an ATS route established for the use of aircraft capable of employing area navigation;

(138)

‘assemble’ means a process of merging data from multiple sources into a database and establishing a baseline for subsequent processing;

(139)

‘ATS route’ means a specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of ATS;

(140)

‘ATS surveillance service’ means a service provided directly by means of an ATS surveillance system;

(141)

‘ATS surveillance system’ means a generic term meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that enables the identification of aircraft;

(142)

‘automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast (ADS-B)’ means a means by which aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can automatically transmit or receive, or transmit and receive data such as identification, position and additional data, as appropriate, in a broadcast mode via a data link;

(143)

‘automatic dependent surveillance – contract (ADS-C)’ means a means by which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link, specifying under what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the reports;

(144)

‘automatic terminal information service (ATIS)’ means the automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours a day or a specified portion thereof;

(145)

‘data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS)’ means the provision of ATIS via data link;

(146)

‘voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-ATIS)’ means the provision of ATIS by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts;

(147)

‘broadcast’ means a transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations;

(148)

‘ceiling’ means the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6 000 m (20 000 ft) covering more than half of the sky;

(149)

‘clearance limit’ means the point to which an aircraft is granted an ATC clearance;

(150)

‘cloud base’ means the height of the base of the lowest observed or forecast cloud element in the vicinity of an aerodrome or operating site or within a specified area of operations, normally measured above aerodrome elevation or, in the case of offshore operations, above mean sea level;

(151)

‘completeness’ means, in relation to data, the degree of confidence that all data needed to support the intended use is provided;

(152)

‘confidence level’ means the probability that the true value of a parameter is within a certain interval around the estimate of its value;

(153)

‘conference communications’ means communication facilities whereby direct speech conversation may be conducted between three or more locations simultaneously;

(154)

‘control zone’ means a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a specified upper limit;

(155)

‘controlled aerodrome’ means an aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic;

(156)

‘controlled airspace’ means an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification;

(157)

‘controlled flight’ means any flight which is subject to an ATC clearance;

(158)

‘controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC)’ means a means of communication between air traffic controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications;

(159)

‘critical area’ means an area of defined dimensions extending around the ground equipment of a precision instrument approach within which the presence of vehicles or aircraft will cause unacceptable disturbance of the guidance signals;

(160)

‘cruising level’ means a level maintained during a significant portion of a flight;

(161)

‘cyclic redundancy check (CRC)’ means a mathematical algorithm applied to the digital expression of data that provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data;

(162)

‘danger area’ means an airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times;

(163)

‘data accuracy’ means a degree of conformance between the estimated or measured value and the true value;

(164)

‘data collection surface’ means a defined surface intended for the purpose of collecting obstacle or terrain data;

(165)

‘data integrity’ means a degree of assurance that aeronautical data and its value has not been lost or altered since the data origination or authorised amendment;

(166)

‘data item’ means a single attribute of a complete data set, which is allocated a value that defines its current status;

(167)

‘data link communications’ means a form of communication intended for the exchange of messages via a data link;

(168)

‘data link-VOLMET (D-VOLMET)’ means the provision of current aerodrome routine meteorological reports (METAR) and aerodrome special meteorological reports (SPECI), aerodrome forecasts (TAF), SIGMET, special air-reports not covered by a SIGMET and, where available, AIRMET via data link;

(169)

‘data origination’ means the creation of a new data item with its associated value, the modification of the value of an existing data item or the deletion of an existing data item;

(170)

‘data product specification’ means a detailed description of a data set or a collection of data sets together with additional information that will enable it to be created, supplied to and used by another party;

(171)

‘data set’ means an identifiable collection of data;

(172)

‘datum’ means any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities;

(173)

‘DETRESFA’ is the code word used to designate a distress phase;

(174)

‘distress phase’ means a situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance;

(175)

‘downstream clearance’ means a clearance issued to an aircraft by an air traffic control unit that is not the current controlling authority of that aircraft;

(176)

‘essential traffic’ means controlled traffic to which the provision of separation by air traffic control service is applicable, but which, in relation to a particular controlled flight is not, or will not be, separated from other controlled traffic by the appropriate separation minimum;

(177)

‘essential local traffic’ means any aircraft, vehicle or personnel on or near the manoeuvring area, or traffic in the take-off and climb-out area or the final approach area, which may constitute a hazard to the aircraft concerned;

(178)

‘estimated time of arrival’ means:

(179)

‘feature’ means an abstraction of real world phenomena;

(180)

‘feature attribute’ means a characteristic of a feature that has a name, a data type and a value domain associated with it;

(181)

‘feature type’ means a class of real world phenomena with common properties, which forms the basic level of classification in a feature catalogue;

(182)

‘final approach’ means that part of an instrument approach procedure which:

(183)

‘flight information zone’ means an airspace of defined dimension within which aerodrome flight information service and alerting service for aerodrome traffic are provided;

(184)

‘flight procedure design services’ means services for the design, documentation, validation, maintenance and periodic review of flight procedures necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation;

(185)

‘flight procedure designer’ means a qualified person who performs design, documentation, validation, continuous maintenance, and periodic review of flight procedures;

(186)

‘flight procedure’ means a set of predetermined flight manoeuvres intended to be followed by a pilot, published by electronic, printed or digital means, or both. Flight procedure is conducted either in accordance with instrument flight rules (IFR) or visual flight rules (VFR);

(187)

‘flight plan’ means specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft;

(188)

‘flight visibility’ means the visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight;

(189)

‘format’ means, in relation to data, a structure of data items, records and files arranged to meet standards, specifications or data quality requirements;

(190)

‘geoid’ means the equipotential surface in the gravity field of the Earth which coincides with the undisturbed mean sea level (MSL) extended continuously through the continents;

(191)

‘geoid undulation’ means the distance of the geoid above (positive) or below (negative) the mathematical reference ellipsoid;

(192)

‘glide path’ means a descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach;

(193)

‘ground visibility’ means the visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited observer or by automatic systems;

(194)

‘heading’ means the direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid);

(195)

‘heliport’ means an aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters;

(196)

‘integrity classification’ means, in relation to aeronautical data, a classification based upon the potential risk resulting from the use of corrupted data, defining routine, essential and critical data;

(197)

‘international NOTAM office (NOF)’ means an office designated by a Member State for the exchange of NOTAM internationally;

(198)

‘holding fix’ means a geographical location that serves as a reference for a holding procedure;

(199)

‘holding procedure’ means a predetermined manoeuvre which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance;

(200)

‘identification’ means the situation which exists when the position indication of a particular aircraft is seen on a situation display and positively identified;

(201)

‘instrument flight rules’ are rules which allow an aircraft which is equipped with suitable navigation equipment appropriate to the route to be flown in accordance with the applicable requirements on air operations.

(202)

‘INCERFA’ is the code word used to designate an uncertainty phase;

(203)

‘instrument approach operations’ means an approach and landing using instruments for navigation guidance based on an instrument approach procedure. There are two methods for executing instrument approach operations:

(204)

‘instrument approach procedure (IAP)’ means a series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply. Instrument approach procedures are classified as follows:

(205)

‘instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)’ means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions;

(206)

‘low-visibility operations (LVOs)’ means approach or take-off operations on a runway with any RVR less than 550 m or taxiing at an aerodrome at which any RVR is less than 550 m;

(207)

‘manoeuvring area’ means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons;

(208)

‘metadata’ means data about data;

(209)

‘movement area’ means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron;

(210)

‘navigation aid’ means a facility or system external to the aircraft, which generates electro-magnetic signals to be used by aircraft navigation systems for position determination or flight path guidance;

(211)

‘mode Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)’ means the conventional identifier related to specific functions of the interrogation signals transmitted by an SSR interrogator. There are four modes specified in ICAO Annex 10: A, C, S and intermode;

(212)

‘near-parallel runways’ means non-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less;

(213)

‘pilot-in-command’ means the pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of General Aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight;

(214)

‘position’ means, in a geographical context, a set of coordinates (latitude and longitude) referenced to the mathematical reference ellipsoid, which define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth;

(215)

‘position indication’ means the visual indication, in non-symbolic or symbolic form, or both, on a situation display, of the position of an aircraft, aerodrome vehicle or other object;

(216)

‘pressure-altitude’ means an atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of altitude which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere;

(217)

‘primary radar’ means a radar system which uses reflected radio signals;

(218)

‘printed communications’ means communications which automatically provide a permanent printed record at each terminal of a circuit of all messages which pass over such circuit;

(219)

‘prohibited area’ means an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a Member State, within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited;

(220)

‘radio navigation service’ means a service providing guidance information or position data for the efficient and safe operation of aircraft supported by one or more radio navigation aids;

(221)

‘radiotelephony’ means a form of radio communication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech;

(222)

‘required communication performance specification’ or ‘RCP specification’ means a set of requirements for air traffic service provision and associated ground equipment, aircraft capability, and operations needed to support performance-based communication;

(223)

‘required surveillance performance specification’ or ‘RSP specification’ means a set of requirements for air traffic service provision and associated ground equipment, aircraft capability, and operations needed to support performance-based surveillance;

(224)

‘resolution’ means, in relation to data, a number of units or digits to which a measured or calculated value is expressed and used;

(225)

‘restricted area’ means an airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial waters of a Member State, within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions;

(226)

‘route stage’ means a route or portion of a route flown without an intermediate landing;

(227)

‘runway-in-use’ means the runway or runways that, at a particular time, are considered by the air traffic services unit to be the most suitable for use by the types of aircraft expected to land or take off at the aerodrome. Separate or multiple runways may be designated runway-in-use for arriving aircraft and departing aircraft;

(228)

‘secondary radar’ means a radar system wherein a radio signal transmitted from the radar station initiates the transmission of a radio signal from another station;

(229)

‘secondary surveillance radar (SSR)’ means a surveillance radar system which uses transmitters and receivers (interrogators) and transponders;

(230)

‘sensitive area’ means an area extending beyond the critical area where the parking or movement of aircraft or vehicles will affect the guidance signal to the extent that it may be rendered as an unacceptable disturbance to aircraft using the signal;

(231)

‘SNOWTAM’ means a special series NOTAM given in a standard format, which provides a surface condition report notifying the presence or cessation of hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush, frost or water associated with snow, slush, ice, or frost on the movement area;

(232)

‘significant point’ means a specified geographical location used in defining an ATS route or the flight path of an aircraft and for other navigation and air traffic services purposes;

(233)

‘situation display’ means an electronic display depicting the position and movement of aircraft and other information as required;

(234)

‘standard instrument arrival (STAR)’ means a designated IFR arrival route that links a significant point, normally on an ATS route, with a point from which a published instrument approach procedure can be commenced;

(235)

‘standard instrument departure (SID)’ means a designated IFR departure route that links the aerodrome or a specified runway of the aerodrome with a specified significant point, normally on a designated ATS route, at which the en-route phase of a flight commences;

(236)

‘special VFR flight’ means a VFR flight cleared by ATC to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC;

(237)

‘taxiing’ means movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome or an operating site under its own power, excluding take-off and landing;

(238)

‘taxiway’ means a defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another;

(239)

‘terminal control area (TMA)’ means a control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes;

(240)

‘timeliness’ means, in relation to data, the degree of confidence that the data is applicable to the period of its intended use;

(241)

‘traceability’ means, in relation to data, the degree to which a system or a data product can provide a record of the changes made to that product and thereby enable an audit trail to be followed from the end-user to the party originating data;

(242)

‘track’ means the projection on the Earth’s surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid);

(243)

‘traffic information’ means information issued by an air traffic services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision;

(244)

‘transfer of control point’ means a defined point located along the flight path of an aircraft, at which the responsibility for providing air traffic control service to the aircraft is transferred from one control unit or control position to the next;

(245)

‘transferring unit’ means air traffic control unit in the process of transferring the responsibility for providing air traffic control service to an aircraft to the next air traffic control unit or air traffic controller along the route of flight;

(246)

‘transition altitude’ means the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes;

(247)

‘transition layer’ means the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level;

(248)

‘transition level’ means the lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude;

(249)

‘validation’ means, in relation to data, the process of ensuring that data meets the requirements for the specified application or intended use;

(250)

‘verification’ means, in relation to data, the evaluation of the output of an aeronautical data process to ensure correctness and consistency with respect to the inputs and applicable data standards, rules and conventions used in that process;

(251)

‘uncertainty phase’ means a situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants;

(252)

‘unmanned free balloon’ means a non-power-driven, unmanned, lighter-than-air aircraft in free flight;

(253)

‘vectoring’ means the provision of navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific headings, based on the use of an ATS surveillance system;

(254)

‘visual flight rules flight’ or ‘VFR flight’ means a flight conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules;

(255)

‘visual approach’ means an approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain;

(256)

‘visual meteorological conditions (VMC)’ means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima;

(257)

‘VOLMET’ means meteorological information for aircraft in flight;

(258)

‘VOLMET broadcast’ means the provision, as appropriate, of current METAR, SPECI, TAF and SIGMET by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts;

(259)

‘waypoint’ means a specified geographical location used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as either:

‘ATM/ANS.OR.A.080 Provision of aeronautical data

ATM/ANS.OR.A.085 Aeronautical data quality management

When originating, processing or transmitting data to the AIS provider, the service provider shall:

ATM/ANS.OR.A.090 Common reference systems for air navigation

For the purpose of air navigation, service providers shall use: