[pic] | EIROPAS KOPIENU KOMISIJA | Briselē, 16.5.2007 COM(2007) 247 galīgā redakcija KOMISIJAS PAZIŅOJUMS EIROPAS PARLAMENTAM, PADOMEI, EIROPAS EKONOMIKAS UN SOCIĀLO LIETU KOMITEJAI UN REĢIONU KOMITEJAI Vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un tās piemērošana Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem ES kaimiņos SATURS 1. Ievads 3 2. ES Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu kaimiņvalstis 4 2.1. Turcija un Rietumbalkānu valstis 5 2.1.1. Pamats dialogam 5 2.1.2. Ieteikumi 6 2.2. Eiropas Kaimiņattiecību politikas partnervalstis Austrumeiropā un Dienvidkaukāzā 7 2.2.1. Pamats dialogam 7 2.2.2. Ieteikumi 7 2.3. Krievijas Federācija 9 2.3.1. Pamats dialogam 9 2.3.2. Ieteikumi 9 3. Pārējie reģioni 11 3.1. EKP Vidusjūras austrumu reģiona partnervalstis (Sīrija, Libāna un Jordānija) un citas Vidējo Austrumu zemes (Irāna un Irāka) 11 3.1.1. Pamats dialogam 11 3.1.2. Ieteikumi 11 3.2. Vidusāzija 12 3.2.1. Pamats dialogam 12 3.2.2. Ieteikumi 12 3.3. Izcelsmes valstis Āzijā 12 3.3.1. Pamats dialogam 12 3.3.2. Ieteikumi 13 4. Koordinācijas uzlabošana 13 5. Secinājums 15 I pielikums: Saīsinājumi un glosārijs 17 II pielikums: Piemēri ES sadarbībai ar paziņojumā minētajām valstīm un tām sniegtā palīdzība 20 III pielikums: Pārskats un statistika par situāciju migrācijas jomā Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģionos ES kaimiņos un migrācijas plūsmām no tiem 72 Vispārēja pieeja migrācijai un tās piemērošana Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem ES kaimiņos IEVADS Eiropadome 2005. gada decembrī pieņēma Vispārējo pieeju migrācijai. Sākotnēji tā attiecās uz Āfriku un Vidusjūras reģionu. Eiropadome 2006. gada decembra secinājumos[1] aicināja Komisiju „iesniegt priekšlikumus par pastiprinātu dialogu un konkrētiem pasākumiem”, lai piemērotu Vispārējo pieeju Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem ES kaimiņos. Šis paziņojums ir atbilde uz šo aicinājumu. Tajā ir ieteikta pieeja, kuras pamatā ir „migrācijas ceļa” koncepcija (skat. I pielikumu, kurā pievienots visu šajā tekstā minēto terminu glosārijs un saīsinājumu skaidrojums). Šajā paziņojumā galvenokārt ir skatīti Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioni ES kaimiņos, ko, pēc Komisijas ieskata, veido šādas valstis: Turcija, Rietumbalkāmu valstis (Albānija, Bosnija un Hercegovina, Horvātija, Bijusī Dienvidslāvijas Maķedonijas Republika, Melnkalne un Serbija, ieskaitot Kosovu [2] ); Eiropas Kaimiņattiecību politikas (EKP) partnervalstis Austrumeiropā (Ukraina, Moldova un Baltkrievija[3]) un Dienvidkaukāza valstis (Armēnija, Azerbaidžāna un Gruzija) un Krievijas Federācija. Īstenojot šo paziņojumu, vispirms ir jāņem vērā ieteikumi, kas tieši attiecas uz šīm valstīm. Tomēr, piemērojot Vispārējo pieeju Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem ES kaimiņos, atbilstoši „migrācijas ceļu” koncepcijai ir jāņem vērā arī attālākas izcelsmes un tranzīta valstis. Uzmanība jāvelta arī šādām valstīm: EKP partnervalstīm Vidējos Austrumos (Sīrija, Jordānija un Libāna), Irānai un Irākai; Vidusāzijas valstīm (Kazahstāna, Kirgizstānai, Tadžikistānai, Turkmenistānai un Uzbekistānai); un šādām izcelsmes valstīm Āzijā: Ķīna, Indija, Pakistāna, Afganistāna, Bangladeša, Šrilanka, Vjetnama, Filipīnas un Indonēzija. Attiecībā uz šīm valstīm un reģioniem paziņojumā ir sniegti ieteikumi vidēja termiņa līdz ilgtermiņa laikposmam. Ar visām minētajām valstīm Kopienai ir izveidots institucionāls satvars, kurā ir nodibinātas politiskas, ekonomiskā dialoga un sadarbības attiecības, vispārēji iekļaujot arī migrācijas jomu. Attiecīgi šajā paziņojumā ir sniegts pārskats par šiem institucionālajiem satvariem attiecībā uz katru valstu grupu. Dažos gadījumos dialogs un sadarbība migrācijas un ar to saistītajās jomās (tādās kā nodarbinātība un izglītība) jau ir labi attīstīta. Iespējamā dialoga un sadarbības migrācijas jautājumos pastiprināšana tādēļ ir jāveic, pamatojoties uz esošo dialogu un sadarbību, pilnībā iekļaujot saistītos jautājumus un dalībniekus, jo īpaši darbaspēka migrācijas jomā. II pielikumā ir pievienots saraksts ar daudziem īstenojamiem sadarbības projektiem migrācijas, vīzu un robežkontroles jomā, kurus EK finansē šajās valstīs, un ir būtiski, lai šāda sadarbība arī turpmāk tiktu uzsvērta un popularizēta. Piemērojot Vispārējo pieeju, ir vajadzīga visaptveroša analīze par legālajām un nelegālajām migrācijas plūsmām, globālo darbaspēka piedāvājumu un pieprasījumu, ekonomiskās migrācijas vadību, kā arī par nepieciešamo aizsardzību starptautiskā mērogā. Jāizpēta arī migrācijas ceļi, šo ceļu attīstības tendences un iespējamās izmaiņas. III pielikumā ir sniegti daži sākotnēji secinājumi par katru reģionu, kā arī dažādi statistikas datu apkopojumi. Tas, cik ļoti svarīgs šis reģions ir ES, jau ir skaidrs. Apmēram viena trešā daļa visu trešo valstu pilsoņu, kas dzīvo ES, ir Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu kaimiņvalstu un Krievijas Federācijas valstspiederīgie. ES paplašināšanās austrumu virzienā 2004. un 2007. gadā daudzās kaimiņvalstīs mainīja juridisko pamatu kustībai pāri robežām un migrācijai, savukārt ieguvumi no dalības ES, kas izpaužas kā ievērojama ekonomiskā izaugsme un darba iespējas, no austrumu kaimiņu viedokļa padara jaunās dalībvalstis pievilcīgākas migrācijai. Kaimiņvalstis saskaras ar sekām, ko rada intelektuālā darbaspēka ieplūde un aizplūde, un tīrie ieguvumi palīdz mazināt spiedienu, ko rada augsts bezdarba līmenis un nelieli ienākumi, kas bieži rodas pārejas posmu politisko un ekonomisko grūtību dēļ. Jāatzīmē, ka Vispārējā pieejā migrācijai līdz šim nebija ņemta vērā Latīņamerika un Karību jūras reģions, lai gan migrācijas jautājumi ir daļa no regulārā politiskā dialoga ar šo reģionu. Ņemot vērā pieaugošo nozīmi, kādu iegūst ar migrāciju saistītie jautājumi attiecībās ar Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras reģiona valstīm, Komisija ar saviem partneriem migrācijas jautājumam pievērsīs papildu uzmanību, gatavojoties nākamai ES un Latīņamerikas un Karību jūras reģiona valstu augstākā līmeņa sanāksmei (Limā, 2008. gada maijā). Tas tiks darīts, ņemot vērā Vispārējo pieeju un ļaujot abām pusēm īstenot saistības, ko tās uzņēmās augstākā līmeņa sanāksmē Vīnē 2006. gada maijā. ES AUSTRUMU UN DIENVIDAUSTRUMU KAIMIņVALSTIS Izmantojot Vispārējo pieeju sadarbībā ar Āfrikas valstīm, par lietderīgiem instrumentiem ir atzīti dažādi līdzekļi partnervalstu iesaistīšanā, piemēram, migrācijas profili un sadarbības platformas migrācijas un attīstības jomā (skatīt I pielikumu). Šie instrumenti var būt svarīgi, piemērojot Vispārējo pieeju Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem. Tomēr to izmantošana ir jāizskata katras valsts un/vai reģiona gadījumā atsevišķi, jo īpaši ņemot vērā pastāvošās sadarbības pamatus un attiecības ar attiecīgo valsti un reģionu, kur šie instrumenti varētu radīt pievienoto vērtību. Turklāt šis paziņojums ir skatāms kopā ar vienlaikus pieņemto paziņojumu „Cirkulārā migrācija un mobilitātes partnerattiecības starp Eiropas Savienību un trešām valstīm” . Turcija un Rietumbalkānu valstis [4] Pamats dialogam Migrācijas jautājumi ar Turciju, ar kuru ES ir noslēgusi Asociācijas nolīgumu kopš 1963. gada, tiek risināti saskaņā ar 2006. gada līgumu par pievienošanās partnerību. Attiecībā uz Rietumbalkānu valstīm, migrācijas jautājumi ir apskatīti Stabilizācijas un asociācijas nolīgumā (SAN), kas ir līgumattiecības nostiprinošs instruments, sagatavots vai noslēgts ar katru no šīm valstīm[5]. Turklāt migrācijas jautājumi bieži vēl sīkākā izklāstā tiek apskatīti attiecīgajās Eiropas partnerībās vai pievienošanās partnerībās (Horvātijas un Turcijas gadījumā). Partnerību īstenošanas uzraudzība galvenokārt tiek nodrošināta ar ikgadējiem progresa ziņojumiem un sanāksmēm ar attiecīgajām valstīm. Migrācijas jautājumus apspriež arī ikgadējās tieslietu un iekšlietu ministru sanāksmēs ar Rietumbalkānu valstīm. Attiecībā uz kandidātvalstīm Horvātiju, Turciju un Bijušo Dienvidslāvijas Maķedonijas Republiku migrācijas jautājumi padziļināti tiek apspriesti attiecīgo apakškomiteju sanāksmēs, un tos var izskatīt Asociācijas Komitejā un Padomē. Pievienošanās sarunās ar Horvātiju un Turciju migrācijas jautājumi tika apskatīti un tiek uzraudzīti, cita starpā, sadaļās par brīvību, drošību un tiesiskumu, kā arī darbaspēka brīvu apriti. Attiecībā uz pārējām reģiona valstīm migrācijas jautājumus risina, sniedzot īpašus ieteikumus par īstenojamo politiku un piemērojot īpašas uzraudzības procedūras (konsultatīvā darba grupa ar Albāniju, reformu uzraudzības procedūras attiecībā uz Bosniju un Hercegovinu, uzlabots pastāvīgais dialogs ar Melnkalni un Serbiju), tostarp rīkojot darba grupu tehniskās sanāksmes. Saistībā ar Kosovu tiek risināti trīs jautājumi, izmantojot Stabilizācijas un asociācijas procesa uzraudzības mehānismu ( STM ). Arvien palielinās Dienvidaustrumu Eiropas sadarbības procesa ( SEECP ) loma reģionālajā sadarbībā visā Eiropas Dienvidaustrumu reģionā, kur tas kalpo par forumu arī sadarbībai tieslietu un iekšlietu jautājumos. SEECP ir saistīts ar jauna reģionālā satvara izveidi, kas būs Dienvidu un Austrumu Eiropas Stabilitātes pakta turpinājums reģionā. Visas kandidātvalstis vai valstis, kurām ir atzītas izredzes pievienoties ES, jau ir plaši iesaistījušās ES acquis pieņemšanā. Lai nodrošinātu to, ka šis process norit bez kavēšanās, un vienlaikus labāk pārvaldītu dienvidaustrumu virziena migrācijas plūsmas, kā vispārējas prioritātes tiek ieteikti šādi pasākumi. Ieteikumi - Lai pilnveidotu dialogu par migrāciju divpusējos un reģionālos forumos, ar valstu un starpreģionu sadarbības platformām migrācijas jomā varētu papildus veicināt dialogu starp visiem iesaistītajiem dalībniekiem, pārņemot Reģionālās iniciatīvas migrācijas, patvēruma un bēgļu jomā ( MARRI) pieredzi. - Dialogā starp kandidātvalstu un partnervalstu iestādēm jāapspriež, kā migrācijas ietekme uz attīstību var palīdzēt nostiprināt stabilitāti un veicināt izaugsmi reģionā . Lai novērstu intelektuālā darbaspēka emigrāciju, ir jāizstrādā politikas virzieni, tādi kā ieguldījumi apmācībā un rīcībspējas palielināšana, lai uzlabotu darba apstākļus un palielinātu darba iespējas, tādējādi atturot kvalificētus darbiniekus no aizbraukšanas. Jāturpina analizēt iespējas, kā samazināt pārskaitījumu izmaksas un pastiprināt to ietekmi uz attīstības valstīm šajā reģionā. Jārīko ekspertu mācību braucieni, lai veicinātu kontaktus un sekmētu tiešu sadarbību starp iestādēm un izpētītu to organizatorisko jaudu. Varētu izveidot darba grupas par dažādiem migrācijas un attīstības darba kārtības jautājumiem. Turklāt ir jāatbalsta iniciatīvas, kuru mērķis ir piesaistīt izcelsmes valstij augsti kvalificētus migrantus, piemēram, pētniekus un zinātniskos darbiniekus. - Jāpalielina iespējas cirkulārai migrācijai , ņemot vērā reģionā notiekošo īstermiņa sezonālo pārrobežu pārvietošanos. Izņemot Horvātiju, kurai ar ES jau ir bezvīzu režīms, arī turpmāk ir jāpilnveido un jāsaskaņo vīzu režīmi reģionā, lai atvieglotu darbaspēka apriti. Jāizpēta arī, kādas ir iespējas piedāvāt plašāku apmaiņas programmu klāstu pētniekiem un studentiem. Atbilstoša uzmanība jāpievērš arī tam, lai nodrošinātu migrantu pienācīgu sagatavotību izceļošanai, veidojot reālu priekšstatu par dzīves apstākļiem un darba iespējām ES. Šajā procesā varētu būt lietderīgas apmācības un speciālas programmas, ņemot vērā darbaspēka piedāvājumu un pieprasījumu. Tāpēc nozīmīga loma būs migrācijas portāliem, kuru darbība tiks uzsākta 2007. gada beigās. Izvērtējot esošo Migrācijas pakalpojumu centru pieredzi, tos varētu izmantot kā paraugus. Kontaktpunktu izveide katrā Darba ministrijā vai Iekšlietu ministrijā palīdzētu formulēt piemērotu politiku, līdzsvarojot darbaspēka pieprasījumu un migrācijas drošības aspektus. Attiecībā uz īstermiņa vīzām Kopienas nolīgumi par vīzu režīma atvieglošanu, kas šobrīd ir parafēti ar dažām Rietumbalkānu valstīm, ļaus uzlabot un vienkāršot vīzu izsniegšanas procedūru atsevišķām šo valstu pilsoņu kategorijām. - Tiesību akti patvēruma meklētāju un bēgļu aizsardzībai ir jānostiprina vai jāpapildina, lai tie sniegtu visaptverošu tiesisku aizsardzību to personu tiesībām, kurām varētu būt vajadzīga starptautiskā aizsardzība. Melnkalnei un Serbijai vēl jāpieņem galvenie tiesību akti patvēruma jomā, un šīs valstis ir jāmudina to darīt. Turcijai vēl jāgroza galvenie tiesību akti patvēruma jomā, lai tie atbilstu attiecīgajam acquis , jānodrošina to efektīva īstenošana un jānodrošina administratīvie resursi atbilstoši ES labākai praksei. Visās valstīs jāturpina centieni nodrošināt atbilstīgo tiesību normu īstenošanu praksē. Jāpastiprina cīņa pret nelegālo migrāciju un cilvēku tirdzniecību . Šajā nolūkā FRONTEX ir jāturpina attīstīt nodibinātās attiecības ar reģiona valstīm. Tehniska palīdzība partnervalstīm jāsniedz, turpinot robežsargu un imigrācijas dienestu amatpersonu apmācību, kā arī jāveic ticamu statistikas datu apkopošana, izmantojot tādus instrumentus kā IPA , mērķsadarbību un TAIEX . Dažas darbības saistībā ar robežu kontroli un migrācijas vadību ES kandidātvalstīs un potenciālās kandidātvalstīs arī ir jāatbalsta ar IPA starpniecību. Ir jāīsteno atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgumi, kas ir noslēgti starp ES un Rietumbalkānu valstīm, kā arī bez kavēšanās jānoslēdz atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgums starp ES un Turciju[6]. - ES ir jāveicina ciešāka sadarbība, nodrošinot reģionā daudznozaru tiesībaizsardzību organizētās noziedzības apkarošanā, jo īpaši pastiprinot sadarbību starp Eiropolu un SECI Centru Bukarestē. Tādēļ starp Eiropolu un SECI ir jānoslēdz saprašanās memorands, kas būtu vērsts jo īpaši pret cilvēku tirdzniecību, savukārt ilgtermiņa mērķis būtu operatīvs sadarbības nolīgums. Eiropas Kaimiņattiecību politikas partnervalstis Austrumeiropā un Dienvidkaukāzā Pamats dialogam Pamats attiecībām ar Austrumeiropas un Dienvidkaukāza valstīm ir EKP. Sadarbība migrācijas, vīzu, patvēruma, robežu pārvaldes un citos saistītos ekonomiskos un sociālos jautājumos ir netieši minēta Partnerības un sadarbības nolīgumos (PSN), kas kalpo par juridisko pamatu EK attiecībām ar šīm valstīm, un ir paredzēta visos EKP rīcības plānos, kas ir noslēgti ar austrumu kaimiņiem. Vairākām partnervalstīm ir arī savas valsts rīcības programmas šajās jomās. Ukrainai ir atsevišķs rīcības plāns tieslietu un iekšlietu jomā, kas atbilst attiecīgajai sadaļai rīcības plānos, kas ir noslēgti ar Armēniju, Azerbaidžānu, Gruziju un Moldovu; un Komisija ar Ukrainu sadarbojas arī, pamatojoties uz progresa ziņojumu, kura pamatā ir rīcības plāns tieslietu un iekšlietu jomā ar noteiktiem kritērijiem. Migrācijas jautājumi jau ir padziļināti apspriesti ar Moldovu un Ukrainu attiecīgajās apakškomitejās un tika apskatīti arī regulārajā ES un Ukrainas tieslietu un iekšlietu ministru trijotnes sanāksmē, kā arī Sadarbības komitejā un Sadarbības padomē. Līdzīga pieeja tiek izmantota attiecībās ar trim Dienvidkaukāza valstīm, kuru rīcības plāni tika pieņemti 2006. gada novembrī. Ar katru valsti dialogs un sadarbība veidojas ar atšķirīgiem panākumiem, atkarībā no konkrētās valsts jaudām, teritorijas (kas ir īpaši būtiski Ukrainas gadījumā) un situācijas. Baltkrievija ir īpašs gadījums[7], tehniskā sadarbība ar robežām, migrāciju un organizēto noziedzību saistītos jautājumos ir iespējama, sadarbojoties ar Baltkrievijas amatpersonām darba jautājumos un reģionālā dialoga un reģionālo programmu ietvaros. Ieteikumi Protams, attiecības ar katru konkrēto valsti ir atšķirīgas, taču īstermiņa prioritātēs būtu jāiekļauj šādi pasākumi: - Lai arī vajadzīgais pamats dialogam divpusējā līmenī jau ir izveidots ar visām šīm valstīm (izņemot Baltkrieviju), faktiskais dialogs par šiem jautājumiem ir jāuzsāk ar Armēniju, Azerbaidžānu un Gruziju šo valstu EKP rīcības plānu ietvaros, savukārt dialogs ar Moldovu un Ukrainu tiek padziļināts. Lai arī attiecības ar Baltkrieviju ir saspringtas, migrācijas jomā ir jānodibina kontakti ekspertu līmenī. Šāds dialogs ir nozīmīgs, risinot arī ksenofobijas problēmu un tās ietekmi uz migrāciju un integrāciju. - Reģionālā līmenī risinot migrācijas un ar to saistītos jautājumus, varētu ņemt vērā Söderköping un Budapeštas procesu pieredzi. Jāpalielina arī atbalsts partnervalstīm, lai nostiprinātu to spējas izturēties pret nelegālajiem imigrantiem saskaņā ar starptautiskiem standartiem. Tas var attiekties uz nelegālo imigrantu aizturēšanu, cilvēku tirdzniecības upuru un citu neaizsargātu personu vajadzībām, kā arī uz starptautiskiem standartiem bēgļu aizsardzībai, ja šīs valstis ir uzņēmušās saistības (cita starpā kā Eiropas Padomes locekles), bet patvēruma meklētāju un bēgļu aizsardzībai vēl nav pieņemti efektīvi likumi, izstrādāti procesi un izveidojusies prakse. Jāturpina darbs ar attiecīgajām organizācijām, tostarp repatriantu reintegrācijas jomā. - Veicinot visaptverošu pieeju migrācijai, Melnās jūras reģions ir jo īpaši nozīmīgs no tranzīta migrācijas un cilvēku tirdzniecības viedokļa. Migrācijas labākai pārvaldībai, izmantojot Baltijas jūras reģiona sadarbības struktūras kā paraugu, jāizpēta, cik lietderīgi būtu izveidot reģionālu sadarbības platformu, kura apvienotu attiecīgās ES dalībvalstis, ES aģentūras, citas Melnās jūras reģiona valstis un reģionālās organizācijas, tādas kā SECI , Melnās jūras reģiona valstu ekonomiskās sadarbības organizācija ( BSEC), Baltijas jūras reģiona darba grupa organizētās noziedzības jautājumos (TF-OC ) un Melnās jūras reģiona forums. Tādēļ jāveicina informācijas apmaiņa un jākoordinē patrulēšanas un uzraudzības pasākumi. ES līdzdalība var izpausties gan kā tiesībsargājošo iestāžu amatpersonu apmācība (mērķsadarbība) un sadarbība ar FRONTEX un Eiropolu, gan tādu jautājumu risināšanā kā sociālā aizsardzība un amatpersonu nodarbinātības jomā apmācīšana, un cilvēku tirdzniecības upuru rehabilitācija. - Kā Komisija paskaidroja savā 2006. gada decembra paziņojumā, EKP partneri un arī ES atzīst personu mobilitātes ārkārtīgi lielo nozīmi ārpolitikas prioritāšu īstenošanā. Tādēļ Komisija ierosināja, ka „būs vajadzīgs ļoti nopietns pārskats par to, kā vīzu izsniegšanas procedūras var padarīt par mazāku šķērsli likumīgai ceļošanai no kaimiņvalstīm uz ES (un pretējā virzienā) … saistībā ar plašāku tādu problēmu kopumu, kuras attiecas uz tieslietu un iekšlietu jomu.” Tādēļ attiecībā uz šīm valstīm jāizskata iespēja veidot partnerību mobilitātes jomā , kas attiektos arī uz iespējām atvieglot vīzu režīmu , izsniegt darba atļaujas un sniegt informāciju saistībā ar ES darba tirgus sezonāla rakstura vajadzībām. Galvenais uzdevums ir izpētīt, kādā mērā ir iespējama šāda sadarbība ar Ukrainu. - Turklāt vīzu režīms būtu jāatvieglo arī gadījumos, kas nav saistīti ar darbu (piemēram, darījuma braucieni, mācības un tūrisms), kā arī amatpersonām, kuras piedalās būtiskās, ar reformām saistītās sanāksmēs, kā to jau paredz esošā Kopīgā konsulārā instrukcija. Tagad Komisija noteikti iesaka to piemērot, jo īpaši tām dalībvalstīm, kurās notiek būtiskākās sanāksmes (piemēram, valstīm, kurās atrodas ES institūcijas, un valstīm, kuras rotācijas kārtībā pilda prezidentūras pienākumus). Komisija aicina to darīt nekavējoties, jo īpaši attiecībā uz personām, kuru ceļošanas mērķis ir saistīts ar ES (kas ir ļoti neliela daļa no visiem vīzu pieteikumiem), un kurām tā izsniegs ieteikuma vēstules un turpinās sadarboties ar attiecīgo ES dalībvalsts vēstniecību vai konsulātu. - Šim reģionam ir nozīmīgi arī migrantu pārskaitījumi , jo Armēnija, Gruzija, Moldova un Ukraina ir vienas no tām valstīm, kas ir visvairāk atkarīgas no šādiem pārskaitījumiem. Ir jāizpēta iespējas samazināt pārskaitījumu izmaksas un veicināt to ietekmi uz izcelsmes valsti (paturot prātā to, ka pārskaitījumiem ir privāts raksturs). Attiecīgi ir jāatbalsta iespējas stimulēt šo valstu sociālo un ekonomisko attīstību, novēršot turpmāku intelektuālā potenciāla aizplūšanu, veicinot (augsti) kvalificētu speciālistu atgriešanos un mudinot lielās emigrantu kopienas dot savu ieguldījumu savas izcelsmes valsts attīstībā. Jāatbalsta iniciatīvas, kuru mērķis ir piesaistīt izcelsmes valstij augsti kvalificētus migrantus, piemēram, pētniekus un zinātniskos darbiniekus. - Jāvelta uzmanība nolīgumu par personu atpakaļuzņemšanu noslēgšanu. Jau ir ierosināts nolīgums par personu atpakaļuzņemšanu ar Ukrainu, un ir pabeigtas pārrunas ar Moldovu ar mērķi, lai 2007. gada laikā līgums stātos spēkā pēc iespējas ātrāk. Nākotnē tiks izskatīta iespēja uzsākt pārrunas ar pārējām valstīm. Tām valstīm, kurām jau ir noslēgti šādi nolīgumi ar ES, galvenā uzmanība būtu jāvelta savām spējām šos nolīgumus īstenot, kā arī centieniem noslēgt līdzīgus nolīgumus ar kaimiņiem austrumos un dienvidaustrumos. - Lai gan šīs valstis jau saņem ievērojamu Kopienas atbalstu, būtu jānostiprina šo valstu rīcībspēja gan attiecībā uz pašu robežu pārvaldību (vai tiesību aizsardzību kopumā), gan pastiprinot savstarpējo sadarbību (Ukraina acīmredzami saskaras ar noteiktām grūtībām saistībā ar tās ģeogrāfisko novietojumu un teritorijas izmēriem, kā arī robežkontroles raksturu; Baltkrievija ir izteikusi interesi par sadarbību robežaizsardzības un organizētās noziedzības apkarošanas jomā, tikmēr varētu pastiprināt sadarbību cīņā pret cilvēku tirdzniecību no Baltkrievijas). Esošā ES Robežu palīdzības misija (ESRPM) uz Moldovas un Ukrainas robežas ir labs piemērs. Šīm iniciatīvām jābūt saskaņotām ar pastāvīgajiem centieniem apkarot korupciju un organizēto noziedzību. - Arī turpmāk vajadzētu atklāt nepilnības tiesību aktu sistēmās un iestāžu struktūrās, kā arī valstu iespējas datu apkopošanās un migrācijas plūsmu uzraudzībā. Atbilstīgu tehnisko palīdzību varētu sniegt, piemēram, paaugstinot ceļošanas dokumentu, uzturēšanās atļauju un vīzas ielīmju, kā arī civilās informācijas sistēmu, no kurām šie dokumenti ir atkarīgi, drošību. Centienos uzlabot dokumentu drošību ir jāiekļauj jaunākie sasniegumi, izmantojot biometriskos datus. Turklāt tehniskās palīdzības shēmās varētu paredzēt īpašu centru izveidi darba tirgus informācijas apkopošanai, mācībām un profesionālajai izglītībai. Krievijas Federācija Pamats dialogam 2005. gada maijā pieņemtā Plāna kopīgai brīvības, drošības un tiesiskuma telpai pakāpeniska īstenošana notiek saskaņā ar ES un Krievijas partnerības un sadarbības nolīgumu. Reizi divos gados notiekošās ES un Krievijas partnerības tieslietu un iekšlietu ministru pastāvīgās padomes sanāksmēs tiek pārraudzīta šīs kopīgās telpas īstenošana. Turklāt notiek neformāls dialogs un sanāksmes ekspertu līmenī. Mūsu stratēģiskās partnerības pamatā ir kopīgas vērtības, kas nostiprina ES un Krievijas attiecības, kā īpaši uzsvērts partnerības un sadarbības nolīgumā un plānā. Tās viennozīmīgi paredz mūsu sadarbības stiprināšanu, ievērojot cilvēktiesības un pamatbrīvības gan ES dalībvalstīs, gan Krievijā, kurai kā Eiropas Padomes loceklei ir jāievēro Eiropas cilvēktiesību konvencijas noteikumi. Ieteikumi Pēc PSRS sabrukuma Krievija ir bijusi galvenais mērķis bēgļiem un ekonomiskajiem migrantiem no kaimiņvalstīm, kā arī valsts, kurā ir liels skaits valsts iekšienē pārvietotu personu. Nesen tā ir kļuvusi arī par galveno tranzīta valsti migrācijas plūsmām galvenokārt no Dienvidaustrumāzijas, Ķīnas un Afganistānas virzienā uz Rietumeiropu. Tādēļ sadarbība ar Krieviju migrācijas politikas un personu pārvietošanās jomā kļūst aizvien nozīmīgāka. - Ar Krieviju jāpadziļina visaptverošs dialogs par visiem ar migrāciju saistītiem jautājumiem, tostarp patvēruma jomu, cīņu pret nelegālo imigrāciju un cilvēku tirdzniecību, darbaspēka migrāciju un visiem būtiskajiem migrācijas sociālajiem aspektiem. Jo īpaši lietderīga varētu būt pieredzes apmaiņas veicināšana starp ES dalībvalstīm un Krieviju par darbaspēka migrācijas pārvaldību. - Jāveicina Kopīgās telpas plānā noteikto prioritāšu īstenošana, un proti, mērķi nodrošināt informācijas apmaiņu par migrācijas pārvaldības metodēm un labāko praksi, tostarp statistikas datu novērtēšanu un atbilstīgu sadarbību attiecībā uz trešām valstīm. Šajā nolūkā ir jāveicina sadarbība starp attiecīgajām iestādēm, kuras ir atbildīgas par nolīgumiem par atpakaļuzņemšanu un vīzu režīma atvieglojumiem , cieši pārraugot īstenošanas procesu, lai padarītu efektīvāku cīņu pret nelegālo imigrāciju, vienlaikus atvieglojot cilvēku savstarpējos kontaktus. Turklāt, kā tas ir paredzēts Kopīgās telpas plānā, ir uzsākts dialogs, lai kā pārbaudītu nosacījumus bezvīzu ceļošanai, kas ir ilgtermiņa mērķis. Šo nesen pieņemto plānu varētu izmantot, lai apzinātu iespējas veicināt sadarbību arī citās ar migrāciju saistītās jomās. - Jautājumi saistībā ar Krievijas tiesību aktiem, ar kuriem īsteno 1951. gada Bēgļu konvenciju, ir jārisina, pastiprinot sadarbību ar Krievijas Federāciju patvēruma jomā. Tāpat jāuzlabo valsts iekšienē pārvietoto personu aizsardzība atbilstoši starptautiskiem standartiem, lai, piemēram, novērstu spiedienu, kuru izdara kaimiņvalstu patvēruma sistēmas. - Jāveicina apmaiņa ar informāciju par tiesisko pamatu saistībā ar cilvēku tirdzniecības visām formām, tostarp izmantojot arī Baltijas jūras reģiona darba grupu organizētās noziedzības jautājumos. Jo īpaši nepieciešams intensīvāk īstenot 2003. gadā starp Eiropolu un Krieviju noslēgtā sadarbības līgumu par dažāda veida starptautisku noziedzīgu darbību apkarošanu. Jāturpina atbalsts arī darbam, ko Baltijas jūras reģiona darba grupa organizētās noziedzības jautājumos veic, apkarojot cilvēku tirdzniecību, jo šī darba grupa ir instruments, kas uzlabo reģionālo sadarbību tiesību aizsardzībā daudzās jomās Baltijas jūras reģionā un jo īpaši Krievijas Federācijā. Jāizpēta iespējas, kā nostiprināt Eiropola un FRONTEX lomu Baltijas jūras reģionā. - Efektīva operatīvā sadarbība, ko paredz vienošanās starp FRONTEX un Krievijas Robežapsardzi, ir svarīga, jo īpaši nolūkā veicināt labākās prakses pārņemšanu robežu pārvaldībā. PāRēJIE REģIONI EKP Vidusjūras austrumu reģiona partnervalstis (Sīrija, Libāna un Jordānija) un citas Vidējo Austrumu zemes (Irāna un Irāka) Pamats dialogam Attiecībā uz Libānu un Jordāniju migrācija un ar to saistītie jautājumi tiek apspriesti attiecīgo migrācijas un sociālo lietu apakškomiteju sanāksmēs atbilstīgi konkrētajiem Asociācijas nolīgumiem un EKP rīcības plāniem. Rīcības plānā ar Libānu ir iekļautas īpašas atsauces uz sadarbību migrācijas un robežu pārvaldības jomā, partnerību ar FRONTEX , iespēju labāk pārvaldīt darbaspēka migrāciju un vīzu režīma atvieglošanu. Jordānijas rīcības plānā ir iekļauta sadaļa par migrācijas jautājumiem, tostarp par iespēju apspriest sadarbību tranzīta migrācijas un patvēruma jomā, kā arī vīzu jautājumos. Vēl viena prioritāte abu valstu rīcības plānos ir robežu pārvaldība. Esošā Sadarbības nolīguma ietvaros nenotiek oficiāls divpusējs dialogs ar Sīriju. Eiropas un Vidusjūras reģiona valstu partnerība, kurā piedalās Libāna, Jordānija un Sīrija, arī kalpo par pamatu reģionālam dialogam par migrāciju starp ES un partnervalstīm. Nav izveidots pamats dialogam ar Irānu[8], un arī ar Irāku[9] nenotiek oficiāls dialogs par migrāciju un ar to saistītiem jautājumiem. Ieteikumi - Dialogs ar Libānu un Jordāniju migrācijas, vīzu, patvēruma un robežu pārvaldības jomā tiks aktīvi veicināts attiecīgo apakškomiteju sanāksmēs un saskaņā ar EKP rīcības plānos noteiktajām prioritātēm. Attiecībā uz Sīriju divpusējs dialogs par migrāciju tiks uzsākts pēc Asociācijas nolīguma parakstīšanas. - Ņemot vērā pieaugošo nozīmi, kādu šajās valstīs iegūst bēgļu problēma, jo īpaši saistībā ar konfliktu Irākā un tā ietekmi uz kaimiņvalstīm, kā arī apstākli, ka pagaidām lielākā daļa bēgļu ir izmitināti to uzņēmējvalstīs (no kurām Jordānijā un Sīrijā ir vislielākais bēgļu skaits, attiecīgi 750 000 un 1 miljons), ES jābūt gatavai arī turpmāk sniegt atbalstu un piedalīties attiecīgajā reģionālajā dialogā vai sadarbības iniciatīvās. Attiecībās ar Jordāniju un Sīriju ES un tās dalībvalstīm arī turpmāk vajadzētu veicināt tādus apstākļus, kas ļauj starptautiskajai kopienai sniegt humanitāro palīdzību un starptautisko aizsardzību, tostarp atbalstu rehabilitācijas un citu programmu veidā. - Irāna ir jāmudina aktīvāk iesaistīties sadarbībā ar tās kaimiņvalstīm (jo īpaši Turciju un Dienvidkaukāzu, kā arī Pakistānu un Afganistānu), lai novērstu un apkarotu cilvēku kontrabandu un tirdzniecību . Varētu izpētīt iespējas izmēģinājuma formām konkrētai sadarbībai tehniskā līmenī. - Visas šīs valstis ir arī jāmudina vajadzības gadījumā ratificēt un īstenot Ženēvas konvenciju un ANO Konvenciju cīņai pret starptautisko organizēto noziedzību un protokolus tās pielikumā. Vidusāzija Pamats dialogam Migrācija un ar to saistītie jautājumi ar Kazahstānu un Uzbekistānu tiek apspriesti tieslietu un iekšlietu apakškomitejas sanāksmēs, kas paredzētas attiecīgajos PSN. Migrācija tiek apspriesta arī ES un Kirgizstānas PSN Sadarbības komitejā. Tomēr ar Turkmenistānu un Tadžikistānu vēl nav uzsākts oficiāls divpusējs dialogs par migrāciju. Papildu iepriekš minētajām sanāksmēm starp ES un Vidusāziju notiek reģionāls dialogs par migrāciju. Turpmāk ES varētu atbalstīt migrācijas jautājumu iekļaušanu politiskajā un ekonomiskajā dialogā ar Vidusāzijas valstīm. Ieteikumi - Varētu izpētīt turpmākas sadarbības iespējas robežu pārvaldības jomā saskaņā ar projektu „Robežu pārvaldība Vidusāzijā” vai citiem īstenojamiem projektiem darbaspēka migrācijas pārvaldības jomā. - Varētu apsvērt tehniskās palīdzības sniegšanu reģiona valstīm, lai ar ES, Turciju un Austrumu EKP partnervalstīm arī turpmāk sadarbotos nelegālās imigrācijas novēršanā un cīņā pret cilvēku kontrabandu un tirdzniecību. - Partnervalstis ir arī jāmudina vajadzības gadījumā ratificēt un īstenot Ženēvas konvenciju un ANO Konvenciju cīņai pret starptautisko organizēto noziedzību un protokolus tās pielikumā. Izcelsmes valstis Āzijā Pamats dialogam Politiskais pamats sadarbībai ar Āziju ir 2001. gada Paziņojums „Eiropa un Āzija: Stratēģiskais pamats partnerības stiprināšanai”[10], kas paredz nostiprināt mūsu dialogu un sadarbību ar Āziju vairākās jomās, tostarp tieslietu un iekšlietu jomā, kas attiecas uz vīzām, patvērumu, imigrāciju un citiem politikas virzieniem saistībā ar personu brīvu pārvietošanos, un ietver arī sociālo politiku un globālās problēmas un iespējas. Komisija uzskata, ka politisks un ekonomisks dialogs ir jāveicina reģionālā līmenī tādos forumos kā Dienvidaustrumu Āzijas valstu apvienība un Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksmē, kā arī divpusējā līmenī. Starp Ķīnu un Kopienu regulāri notiek augsta līmeņa apspriedes par jautājumiem, kas attiecas uz cīņu pret nelegālo imigrāciju un cilvēku tirdzniecību, galveno uzmanību pievēršot informācijas apmaiņai un pasākumiem uzticības vairošanai. Šajā sakarā notiek informācijas apmaiņa par tiesību aktiem, kurus ir pieņēmušas abas puses, un vienlaikus ar pārrunām par likumīgām iespējām ceļošanai uz Eiropu un no tās notiek viedokļu apmaiņa/ievadsarunas par atpakaļuzņemšanu. Ieteikumi Papildus jautājumiem saistībā ar migrāciju un attīstību mūsu attiecībās ar Āziju aizvien lielāku nozīmi iegūst tādas jomas, kas saistītas ar vīzām, patvērumu, imigrāciju un citiem politikas virzieniem saistībā ar personu brīvu pārvietošanos, jo īpaši ņemot vērā aizvien aktīvākās tirdzniecības attiecības, tostarp pakalpojumu tirdzniecības jomā; demogrāfiskās pārmaiņas ar ievērojamu iedzīvotāju skaita palielināšanos lielākajā daļā Āzijas pretstatā iedzīvotāju skaita samazinājumam Eiropā; un aizvien lielākas iespējas darbaspēka migrācijai un darbaspēka pieprasījuma un piedāvājuma saskaņošanai vairākās ekonomikas nozarēs pasaules mērogā. Par to liecina pieaugošā imigrācija no šā reģiona, dialoga attīstība šajos jautājumos, migrācijas jautājumu iekļaušana jaunajos Sadarbības nolīgumos ar Dienvidaustrumāzijas valstīm, kā arī globālo iniciatīvu, tādu kā Bali process, uzsākšana. Turklāt dažām valstīm tiek veltīta īpaša uzmanība, jo ES tām ir piešķīrusi prioritāti saskaņā ar atpakaļuzņemšanas politiku. Tās ir valstis vai teritoriālas vienības, ar kurām Kopiena nolīgumu par atpakaļuzņemšanu jau ir noslēgusi (Honkonga, Makao un Šrilanka), gatavojas noslēgt (Pakistāna) vai gatavojas uzsākt pārrunas par šādu nolīgumu (Ķīna). ES ir uzsākusi arī divpusēju un daudzpusēju dialogu ar Āziju par jautājumiem, kas saistīti ar darbaspēka migrāciju, tostarp nodarbinātību, sociālo politiku un izglītību. Tā turpina novērst pašos pirmsākumos galvenos cēloņus emigrācijai no trešām valstīm šajā reģionā, tādēļ: - Notiekošās pārrunas par atpakaļuzņemšanu un iniciatīvas saistībā ar cīņu pret cilvēku kontrabandu un tirdzniecību jāatbalsta arī turpmāk. - Vidēja termiņa perspektīvā dialogam par visiem migrācijas jautājumiem jākļūst par neatņemamu sastāvdaļu politiskajā un ekonomiskajā dialogā ar reģiona valstīm. Pilnībā ir jāizmanto iespējas, ko sniedz dialogs Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksmē un tās virtuālais sekretariāts, kas pašlaik ir izveidots ar mērķi nodrošināt apmaiņu ar informāciju un labāko praksi migrācijas jomā. - Jāpievērš uzmanība iespējamai darbaspēka migrācijai no Āzijas. Šā reģiona valstu atsevišķu personu kategoriju palielinātai un labi organizētai mobilitātei varētu būt liela nozīme no ES viedokļa, kā arī no šo valstu sociālās un ekonomiskās attīstības viedokļa. Darbaspēka migrācija ir bijis būtisks jautājums nesen uzsāktajā dialogā starp ES un Indiju, un pastāv iespējas paplašināt dialogu ar Ķīnu abu pušu interesēs, kas būtu plašākas par pašreizējo nelegālās migrācijas un tūristu plūsmu aspektu, un tādējādi tiktu veicināta mobilitāte. Informācijas apmaiņa darbaspēka migrācijas jomā ir sākta arī Āzijas un Eiropas sanāksmes ietvaros, un šobrīd tiek izskatīta iespēja veidot šajā jomā ciešāku dialogu un sadarbību ar Dienvidaustrumu Āzijas valstu apvienību. Tādēļ Komisija iesaka ar izvēlētām valstīm reģionā pārbaudīt to gatavību, izmantojot mobilitātes partnerības . KOORDINāCIJAS UZLABOšANA Jau ir īstenotas daudzas dažādas iniciatīvas, lai veicinātu migrācijas pārvaldību kaimiņu un attālākajās valstīs un reģionos. Ņemot vērā to, ka Vispārējās pieejas nozīme palielināsies, ja tiks nodrošināta šo iniciatīvu labāka savstarpēja saskaņotība un papildināmība, nolūkā iegūt pilnīgāku pārskatu par esošo situāciju Komisija ierosina, ka dalībvalstis sākotnēji papildina sarakstu, kurā ir iekļautas visas Kopienas iniciatīvas šajā paziņojumā minētajās valstīs un reģionos (skatīt I pielikumu), ar attiecīgo dalībvalstu iniciatīvu uzskaitījumu. Turklāt lielākas pūles jāvelta, lai labāk izprastu migrācijas plūsmu no Austrumiem un Dienvidaustrumiem apmēru un raksturu. Pieejamā informācija netiek sistemātiski apkopota vai izmantota. Vairākās organizācijas apkopo vērtīgu informāciju dažādās jomās, kas ir visaptverošas pieejas migrācijai daļa. Varētu izskatīt iespēju izveidot informācijas apmaiņas tīklu starp FRONTEX , Eiropolu, Starptautisko Migrācijas organizāciju ( IOM ), Starptautisko Migrācijas politikas attīstības centru ( ICMPD ), Starptautisko darba organizāciju (SDO), dažādām ANO Aģentūrām – ANO Attīstības programmu ( UNDP ), ANO augsto komisāru bēgļu jautājumos ( UNHCR ) un ANO Narkotiku un noziedzības apkarošanas biroju ( UNODC ) jo īpaši, kā arī citām starptautiskām vai reģionālām organizācijām, piemēram, Dienvidaustrumeiropas Kooperatīvo iniciatīvu ( SECI) . Ņemot vērā cilvēku tirdzniecības un kontrabandas problēmas nopietnību , ir vajadzīga labāk koordinēta pieeja , lai īstenotu politiskas iniciatīvas šo parādību novēršanai. Konkrētās iniciatīvas varētu izpausties kā esošo iniciatīvu plašāka apzināšana (kā to jau sagatavojusi Alianse pret cilvēku tirdzniecību), pastiprināts dialogs ar trešām valstīm par efektīvas politikas īstenošanu cilvēku tirdzniecības novēršanai, pievēršanās īpašām problēmas jomām, piemēram, cilvēku tirdzniecības upuru, jo īpaši sieviešu un bērnu, aizsardzība. Turklāt ES būtu jāapsver iespēja aktīvi piedalīties vispasaules mēroga iniciatīvās, kuras šobrīd īsteno, piemēram, ANO starpaģentūru sadarbības grupa cilvēku tirdzniecības apkarošanai ( ICAT ). Nesen pieņemtā programma „Noziedzības novēršana un cīņa pret noziedzību” ļauj sniegt finansiālu atbalstu projektiem prioritārās jomās, piemēram, preventīviem pasākumiem, upuru aizsardzībai un atbalstīšanai un likumpārkāpēju apsūdzēšanai un sodīšanai. Pievēršoties nelegālām plūsmām, FRONTEX būtu jāpiešķir lielāka loma, nodrošinot tās darbību saskaņošanu un koordinēšanu ar ES vispārējo ārējo attiecību politiku. Aģentūras ģeogrāfiskās prioritātes 2007. gadā paredz attīstīt sadarbību ar Krieviju, Ukrainu, Moldovu, Gruziju, Rietumbalkānu un Āzijas valstīm, jo īpaši Ķīnu, Pakistānu un Indiju. Ar pieņemto stratēģisko un darba programmu FRONTEX ir jāsaņem vajadzīgie resursi, lai efektīvi īstenotu savas pilnvaras, un dalībvalstīm jāgarantē, ka tās pēc vajadzības var nodrošināt pietiekamus līdzekļus līdzdalībai FRONTEX veiktajās kopīgajās darbībās un riska analīzē. Turklāt ir arī ieteicama ātrās reaģēšanas robežapsardzes vienības ( RABIT ) izmantošana pie Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu robežām. FRONTEX vajadzētu arī turpmāk attīstīt atbilstīgu izlūkošanas metodiku, lai nodrošinātu ticamu riska analīzi, kā arī aktīvāk piedalīties projektos, sanāksmēs, konferencēs un mācībās, kurās piedalās trešās valstis. Labāk koordinēta pieeja ir vajadzīga arī, lai nodrošinātu uzlabojumus darbaspēka migrācijas pārvaldībā. Iniciatīvās šajā jomā ir jāiesaista visi dalībnieki, jo īpaši tirdzniecības, darba un izglītības ministrijas un citas ieinteresētās personas, tostarp sociālie partneri. Jānovērtē konkrētas iniciatīvas un projekti par globālo darbaspēka piedāvājumu un pieprasījumu atkarībā no kvalifikācijas, piemēram, prasmju un kvalifikācijas atzīšana, piekļuve darba tirgum, migrantu integrācija, jaunu migrācijas formu, piemēram, pagaidu un cirkulārās migrācijas, veicināšana un atbalstīšana, trešo valstu nodarbinātības dienestu rīcībspējas palielināšana. Iniciatīvām migrācijas jomā jābūt cieši saistītām ar pieņemama darba veicināšanu visiem. ES dalībvalstis varētu palielināt imigrācijas sadarbības koordinatoru skaitu reģionā un veidot imigrācijas sadarbības koordinatoru tīklu, kas aptvertu galvenos migrācijas ceļus. Kopiena varētu piedalīties šajos centienos, izmantojot Eiropas Ārējo robežu fondu. Kopīgu vīzu pieteikumu centru izveide – kāds, piemēram, jau ir atvērts Moldovā, sadarbojoties Austrijai, Ungārijai, Latvijai un Slovēnijai, un kam drīzumā pievienosies Igaunija un Dānija – arī varētu veicināt dalībvalstu kopīgu pakalpojumu sniegšanu. Turklāt Vīzu informācijas sistēmas reģionāla paplašināšana varētu būt stimuls dalībvalstu pārstāvniecības pastiprināšanai un kopīgu vīzu pieteikumu centru izveidei šajā reģionā. ES un tās dalībvalstis pastiprina savas darbības, lai sniegtu atbalstu trešām valstīm labākai migrācijas pārvaldībai. EK TAIEX instrumentam (Tehniskās palīdzības informācijas apmaiņas birojs) īstermiņa ekspertu nozīmēšanai ir nozīmīga loma, nodrošinot trešām valstīm vajadzīgos ekspertus arī citās tieslietu un iekšlietu jomās. Tomēr šā biroja kompetence šobrīd attiecas tikai uz kandidātvalstīm un valstīm EKP ietvaros. Jaunas sadarbības formas varētu izpētīt nākotnē. SECINāJUMS Austrumu un Dienvidaustrumu reģioniem ES kaimiņos ir liela ietekme uz legālo un nelegālo migrāciju gan starp reģiona valstīm, gan uz ES. Ar vairākām šo reģionu valstīm jau ir labi izveidots dialogs un sadarbība migrācijas jomā, jo īpaši attiecībā uz nelegālās imigrācijas apkarošanu. Vispārējās pieejas piemērošana šiem reģioniem nosaka, ka pieejamo līdzekļu ietvaros sadarbība arī turpmāk ir jāattīsta, jālīdzsvaro un jāpaplašina, efektīvāk risinot jautājumus, kas saistīti ar mobilitāti un migrācijas ietekmi uz attīstību, tādējādi ES panāktu lielāku savu partneru uzticēšanos un sasniegtu nākamo pakāpi sadarbībā ar tiem. Vispirms Komisija uzskata, ka ir būtiski ES attiecībās ar EKP partnervalstīm nostiprināt dialogu un nolīgumus par mobilitātes jautājumiem, izmantojot esošo regulējumu migrācijas apspriešanai. Lai īstenotu šo politisko prioritāti, līdz 2007. gada beigām ir jāveic novērtējums par spēkā esošajām vīzu procedūrām un jāizpēta praktiskie pasākumi, ko varētu veikt, lai veicinātu galveno kategoriju ceļotāju mobilitāti, kāda iespējama šobrīd spēkā esošā vīžu režīma ietvaros. Ņemot vērā pārmaiņas ES robežās pēc paplašināšanās, īpaša uzmanība tagad jāpievērš reģionālās sadarbības veicināšanai ar Melnās jūras reģiona valstīm, jo īpaši robežkontroles un nelegālās imigrācijas apkarošanas jomā. Ir jāturpina un jāpastiprina sadarbība ar Krievijas Federāciju. Turklāt ir jāpastiprina dialogs un sadarbība ar izcelsmes valstīm un reģioniem, kas atrodas tālāk uz austrumiem. Piemērojot vispārējo pieeju šajos reģionos, galvenais mērķis ir saglabāt politisku saskanību un nodrošināt esošā dialoga un sadarbības iniciatīvu migrācijas un ar to saistītās jomās papildināmību ES ārējo attiecību politikas vispārējā nozīmē. Cieša sadarbība un koordinācija ar dalībvalstīm un pārējiem iesaistītajiem dalībniekiem ļaus Komisijai nodrošināt šo saskanību un papildināmību, kā arī atbilstīgas turpmākās darbības nolūkā koordinēt vispārējās pieejas īstenošanu šajos reģionos, paredzot konkrētus termiņus, kur tas ir iespējams. Annex I: Acronyms and glossary 1. ACRONYMS ASEAN : Association of South-East Asian Nations ASEM : Asia-Europe Meeting BSBCIC : Black Sea Border Coordination and Information Centre BSEC : Black Sea Economic Cooperation BOMCA : Border Management in Central Asia ENP : European Neighbourhood Policy EUBAM : EU Border Assistance Mission ICAT : UN Inter-Agency Cooperation Group on Human Trafficking ICMPD : International Centre for Migration Policy Development ILO : Immigration Liaison Officer ILO : International Labour Organization IOM : International Organisation for Migration IPA : Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance MARRI : The Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative PCA : Partnership and Cooperation Agreement RABIT : Rapid Border Intervention Team SAA : Stabilisation and Association Agreement SECI : South-East European Cooperative Initiative SEECP : South-East Cooperation Process STM : Stabilisation and Association Process Tracking Mechanism TAIEX : Technical Assistance and Information Exchange Instrument TF-OC : Task Force on Organised Crime in the Baltic Sea Region UNDP : United Nations Development Programme UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNODC : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNTOC : UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime 2. G LOSSARY Asia-Europe Meeting : ASEM is an informal dialogue process initiated in 1996. The EU Member States, the European Commission and thirteen Asian countries (Brunei, Burma/Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Laos, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) participate in the process. The ASEM 6 Summit held in September 2006 decided to admit India, Mongolia, Pakistan and the ASEAN Secretariat to the ASEM process, upon their completion of the necessary procedures. Bali Process : brings participants together to work on practical measures to help combat people smuggling, trafficking in persons and related transnational crimes in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. Initiated at the "Regional Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnational Crime" held in Bali in February 2002, the Bali Process follow-up is a collaborative effort participated in by over fifty countries and numerous international agencies. Budapest Process : a consultative forum of more than fifty Governments from the wider European region and ten international organisations, which aims to promote good governance in the field of migration, a harmonised approach in dealing with irregular migration challenges and support for the transfer and common understanding of migration concepts and policies. Cooperation platforms on migration and development : A concept proposed in the 2006 Communication on the Global Approach and endorsed by the December European Council. The idea is to bring together migration and development actors in a country or region to manage migration more effectively, in the interests of all, along specific migratory routes. Such platforms would bring together representatives of the country or countries concerned with Member States, the Commission and international organisations. Global Approach to Migration : brings together migration, external relations and development policy to address migration in an integrated, comprehensive and balanced way in partnership with third countries. It comprises the whole migration agenda, including legal and illegal migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants, strengthening protection for refugees, enhancing migrant rights and harnessing the positive links that exist between migration and development. It is underscored by the fundamental principles of partnership, solidarity and shared responsibility and uses the concept of 'migratory routes' to develop and implement policy. MARRI : an initiative forming part of the South-East European Cooperation Process which aims to enhance regional cooperation. Participating states are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. Its regional centre is located in Skopje. Migration portals : web portals with information about legal migration opportunities and various other aspects of migration. The establishment of these web portals will be financially supported by the new budget line, 'Preparatory Action: Migration management – Solidarity in action'. Migration profiles : a tool to bring together and analyse all the relevant information needed to develop policy in the field of migration and development and to monitor the impact of policies implemented. Migration routes initiative : work along the main migratory routes through a particular region and towards the EU is identified and takes into account the need to work in close collaboration with the third countries along these routes. Mobility partnerships: would provide the overall framework for managing various forms of legal movement between the EU and third countries. Such partnerships would be agreed with those third countries committed to fighting illegal immigration and that have effective mechanisms for readmission. Mobility partnerships are in the process of being developed – see the Communication on Circular migration and mobility partnerships between the European Union and third countries , adopted simultaneously. Regional networks of ILOs : coordination mechanisms to bring together Immigration Liaison Officers so as to better coordinate and share information at the regional level. Söderköping Process : supported by the EC, its strategic objective is to facilitate cross-border cooperation between a number of EU Member States, Candidate countries and the countries of Eastern Europe on asylum, migration and border management issues. Annex II: Examples of EU cooperation with and assistance to countries covered by the Communication This annex aims to provide an overview of the cooperation which has been established until now in the field of migration and asylum by the EU and the European and Asiatic countries which are located along the migratory routes on the Eastern and South-Eastern flanks of the EU. The list is indicative and by no means exhaustive. The annex presents the projects which have been funded by the European Commission in these countries in the field of asylum, migration, border management and visa policy. As regards the information included, it should be underlined that: a) only those projects that were committed through programmes of the previous EU financial framework (2000-2006) are included in the list; b) projects related to development of border infrastructures or addressing customs services or the police forces generically (not specifically the border police) are not included in the list; and c) projects addressing the root causes of migration or trafficking in human beings are not listed. The information presented should be used actively. Other donors can more easily see what the EC has been funding up to now, whereas we stimulate our implementing partners to take this information available on past projects into account when drafting proposals for future activities. 1. Countries in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the EU 1.1 The Western Balkans and Turkey Regional Project Name | Establishment of EU compatible legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks in the fields of asylum, migration and visa matters (CARDS/2003/077-352) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | January 2004 – February 2006 | Implementing Partner | Swedish Migration Board, together with ICMPD, IOM, UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 3.000.000 / € 3.000.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | ELARG | Description | The objectives of the project were to contribute to a better strategic and technical understanding of EU standards and the best practices in the field of asylum, migration and visa; to support the development of a regional strategy, based upon benchmarks that translate a set of commonly accepted EU technical standards, practices and principles; to contribute in the development of detailed national strategies together with implementation action plans; to contribute to institution and capacity building. The project also promoted the creation of a regional network among the officials in the 5 countries of the region | Project Name | Support to and coordination of Integrated Border Management Strategies in the Western Balkans (CARDS/2004/081-242) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | January 2005 – April 2007 | Implementing Partner | France, Austria, OSCE, ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.999.984 | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | ELARG | Description | The project provided assistance to the countries for the development of their national Integrated Border Management strategies and Action Plans in order to ensure that these are coherent and effectively co-ordinated at the regional level. The project has contributed to this process by raising awareness and understanding of the concepts and relevant EU standards and best practice, as listed in the IBM Guidelines for Western Balkans. The assistance has supported a multidisciplinary approach, including support to border police, customs, veterinary and phyto-sanitary inspection services, as well as to other services involved in border management issues. | Project Name | Fostering sustainable reintegration in Albania, the Kosovo province and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by reinforcing local NGO capacity service provision to returnees (2002/HLWG/003) | Location | Albania, the Kosovo province and the FYR of Macedonia | Implementation period | November 2003 – November 2005 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 700.759,69 / € 560.607,76 | Funding Programme | B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | This project focused on new mechanisms and the development of existing ones for return and reintegration through support to local NGOs (service provision and counselling capacities). The IOM offices in Western Europe defined a list of potential returnees and were able to develop a database. The project was then pursued in Albania, Kosovo and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by workshops for local NGOs. Reintegration services could then be provided: for instance a reintegration package was defined. Another component of the project was the development of different campaigns to raise public awareness of the targeted areas. | Project Name | Network of immigration liaison officers (ILO) in the Western Balkans (Albania and surrounding region) (2002/HLWG/013) | Location | Albania and surrounding region | Implementation period | November 2002 –December 2003 | Implementing Partner | Commissariaat General - Beleid Internationale Politiesamenverking, Belgium | Budget/EC contribution | € 729.500 / € 429.750 | Funding Programme | B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | This project implemented by the Belgian authorities aimed at creating an Immigration Liaison Officers’ network (ILO) in the Western Balkans in order to structure and consolidate exchange of information and possible co-operation between the ILOs in the Western Balkans as well as with other important partners and local authorities. The added value of this project was the possible harmonisation of activities, the updated knowledge and the definition of policy guidelines in this field in the Western Balkans. | Project Name | Promoting regular migration in the Western Balkans through establishment of regional migrant service centres providing information and migration related services” (2003/HLWG/051) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | December 2004 – June 2006 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 815.119,64 / € 652.095,71 | Funding Programme | B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | The aim was to promote orderly labour migration flows and related awareness-raising through the creation of the first regional network of Migration Services Centres (MSCs) in the Western Balkans. The project contributed to establish and run 6 MSCs (Skopje, Prishtina, Belgrade, Zagreb, Sarajevo, and Tirana, the last one having been created before the project and representing a model for the others) and a website, through which not only would be migrants, but also people interested to return and reintegration, were provided counselling. | Project Name | Training Action for the Balkans: Three intensive seminars on Asylum and International Protection for 120 civil servants (2005/103474) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | December 2005 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | ERA- Académie de Droit Européen | Budget/EC contribution | € 641.643 / € 512.617 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Three seminars, one week each, will give a general overview of all the issues related to the migration and asylum, in particular: legal migration; dialogue on migratory flows; readmission and reintegration of the returnees; illegal migration. | Project Name | Strong Institutions and a Unified Approach in the Asylum, Migration and Visa Management in the Western Balkans (2006/120-144) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | January 2007 – October 2008 | Implementing Partner | Migrationsverket | Budget/EC contribution | € 625.000 / € 500.000 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | A better management of all aspects of migration flows in the region by regulating and facilitating legal migration and curbing illegal migration in the Western Balkan Countries | Project Name | Development of communication and information exchange systems on illegal migration in the Western Balkan region (2006/120-275) | Location | Western Balkans | Implementation period | January 2007 – June 2008 | Implementing Partner | Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Hungary - Office of EU Co-ordination and ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 625.000 / € 500.000 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | To assist the five SAp countries in the WB region in their efforts to developing a system for exchanging communication and information on illegal migration, and more particularly focussed on the preparation of the WB countries to the use of ICONET system and to the participation in the CIREFI group | Albania Project Name | National Strategy on Migration (CARDS/2003/71910) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | September 2003 – July 2005 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.249.989 / € 1.000.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Tirana | Description | The project addressed the need for reform in the field of migration management in Albania through the development of a national strategy on migration. | Project Name | 'Establishment of EU compatible legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks? '(CARDS) | Location | Albania | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Tirana | Description | CARDS 2002-3 promoted the establishment of EU compatible legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks in the fields of asylum, migration and visa matters. | Project Name | Sustainable return, reintegration and development in Albania through consolidated preparatory actions for migration management (2001/HLWG/102) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | April 2002 – December 2003 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 835.885,00 / € 635.883 | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | This project aimed to develop and strengthen regional capacities to manage irregular migration flows into, through and from Albania. This has been achieved by establishing the necessary mechanisms to facilitate the voluntary return and sustainable reintegration of 175 victims of trafficking and illegal migrants stranded in Albania in their countries of origin such as Turkey, Moldova and Ukraine. The project was instrumental for the establishment of a National Reception Centre (NRC). It served as a preparatory measure working towards the long-term development of a sustainable migration management system. | Project Name | Upgrading the border control system of Albania along European standards (2001/HLWG/124) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | December 2001 – April 2003 | Implementing Partner | ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 551.649,43 / € 441.320 | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | This project aimed to develop a blueprint for a border guarding system and a master plan for its realisation. In order to achieve these goals, ICMPD worked closely with the Albanian authorities to establish an International Border Guarding Task Force. The project also elaborated jointly with the Albanian authorities an action plan which was the basis for later funding by the programme CARDS, thanks to the blueprint of the Albanian border system provided. | Project Name | Developing of the asylum system in Albania (2001/HLWG/127 and 2004/81185) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | January 2002 – June 2006 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 764.438, 87 / € 732.088 (B7-667) €2.000.000 / € 2.000.000 (2004/81185) | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 CARDS | Responsible DG | JLS and EC DEL Tirana | Description | The overall objective of these projects was to set up a functioning and effective mechanism for asylum and refugee protection in Albania. This projects work along the lines of a three-stage process: pre-procedure (access), procedure (refugee status determination) and post-procedure (durable solutions). In term of access to the asylum system, fair and efficient procedures for the border regime, consistent with International and European protection standards, are being developed and implemented. | Project Name | Migrant Service Centres (CARDS) | Location | Albania | Implementing Partner | IOM | Funding Programme | CARDS 2003 | Responsible DG | EC DEL Tirana | Description | Migrant Service Centers were established providing information and migration related service in particular to improve management of labour migration towards Italy. | Project Name | “Combating irregular migration in Albania and the wider region; Targeted support to capacity building within the framework of readmission support to Albania” (2003/HLWG/055) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | December 2004 – June 2006 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 882.345,45; EU grant: € 705.876,36 | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | Relevant Albanian authorities received information on the EU best practices related to management of apprehended illegal migrants, received training (including on foreign languages), were adviced regarding the standards to be respected for the establishement of a reception center for illegal migrants in Albania, for the handling of the latter and for their repatriation to their home countries. | Project Name | Implementation of the readmission agreement (CARDS) | Location | Albania | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.000.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS 2004 | Responsible DG | ELARG | Project Name | Building a Mechanism to effectively and sustainable implement readmission agreements between Albania, the EC and third countries (2005/103499) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | December 2005 – April 2008 | Implementing Partner | Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation of the Hellenic Republic; IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.818.460 / € 1.454.768 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project supported Albania to identify and manage the return of third country returned illegal migrants and to help reintegration of returned Albanians. | Project Name | W.A.R.M. (2005/103559) | Location | Albania | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | Comune di Roma | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.519.207 / € 1.215.196 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Reintegration of Albanian returnees through their insertion on labour market and through micro-enterprises creation. | Project Name | ALBAMAR (2005/103632) | Location | Albania and Morocco | Implementation period | December 2005 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | COOPI - Cooperazione Internazionale | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.668.216 / € 1.334.572 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Definition and implementation of an integrated support to Moroccan and Albanian migrants forcedly or voluntarily repatriated from Italy that are highly exposed to the risks of illegal migration and criminal activities | Project Name | Former et créer un réseau institutionnel pour l’identification, l’accueil et l’intégration durable des personnes en retour | Location | Albania | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | Associazione Centro Europa Per La Scuola Educazione E Societa-Ceses | Budget/EC contribution | € 834.551 / € 652.443 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Soutenir les institutions albanaises dans le processus de création d’un système efficace de gestion des flux des personnes en retour visé à la mise en œuvre de l’accord de réadmission avec la CE et à l'élimination des causes de l'émigration illégal. | Bosnia and Herzegovina Project Name | Support to Migration Management Capacities (2003/72875 and 2005/115633) | Location | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Implementation period | November 2003 – January 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 870.000 / € 870.000 (2003/72875) € 1.200.000 / € 1.200.000(2005/115633) | Funding Programme | CARDS 2003 and 2005 | Responsible DG | DEL Bosnia and Herzegovina | Description | These projects aim at ensuring that the Sector for Immigration and Asylum, established within the Ministry of Security have administrative and procedural capacity that will allow Bosnia and Herzegovina to effectively manage population movements, and develop a migration policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina that will be coordinated by the Ministry of Security and regularly reviewed; to ensure that management structures necessary for the effective implementation of migration policies and legislation, in line with the EU standards and practices are developed; to strengthen the legislative basis for the management of migration processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina by developing new legislation and by-laws and consolidating existing legislation and procedures in line with EU standards and practices and other international norms; to establish a Migration Information System that will allow the Ministry of Security to collect and analyze information about non-citizens that will be used to develop migration policy, visa requirements and improve legislation and procedures. | Project Name | Support to Asylum Management Capacities (2003/072-091 and 2005/109048) | Location | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Implementation period | October 2003 – June 2007 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.000.000 / € 1.000.000 (2003/072-091) € 800.000 / € 800.000 (2005/109048) | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Sarajevo | Description | These projects have the following key objective: to establish a clearly identified and independent authority, as a competent “asylum unit” within the competent ministry, with responsibility for examining requests for refugee status and taking decisions on refugee status in the first instance. | Project Name | Strengthening the protection of asylum seekers (2005/103661) | Location | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | VASA PRAVA – Bosnia and Herzegovina | Budget/EC contribution | € 856.932,56 / € 616.562,98 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Ensuring a maximum protection and access to justice for asylum seekers, recognized refugees and other categories of persons under international protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and victims of human trafficking, ensuring the full access to their rights via the provision of free legal aid and information campaigns. | Project Name | Support to EU support for the implementation of the Integrated Border Management Strategy for Bosnia and Hezegovina (2006/120289) | Location | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Implementation period | May 2006 – April 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.018.016 / € 1.000.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS | Responsible DG | DEL Bosnia and Herzegovina | Description | EU support to the Indirect Taxation Agency (ITA), State Border Service, Veterinary and phyto-sanitary and market inspectorates by providing training, study tours and workshops, revision of legislation, and setting up a joint analysis centre. | Croatia Project Name | Protection of Asylum seekers in the Republic of Croatia and Regio (2005/103578) | Location | Croatia | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | Croatian Law Centre | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.274.842,27 / € 1.000.000 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Strengthening the protection in CRO and region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro) by developing asylum system consistent with international standards. | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Project Name | Enhancement of the asylum management system (2003/01/08) | Location | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Implementation period | April 2006 – December 2006 | Implementing Partner | Transtec (BE) | Budget/EC contribution | € 160.000 / € 160.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS 2003 | Responsible DG | ELARG | Description | The programme provides short-term technical assistance in the field of asylum regarding the definition of operational procedures on asylum and the design of an IT platform for the relevant line ministries. The aim of the project is to enhance the asylum management system in the country. | Project Name | Construction of reception centre for asylum seekers (2002/01/14) | Location | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Implementation period | February 2005 – December 2006 | Implementing Partner | GD Granit AD Skopje (MK) | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.850.000 / € 1.850.000 | Funding Programme | CARDS 2002 | Responsible DG or EC Delegation | ELARG | Description | The project aims to construct a reception centre for asylum seekers. The centre will be located in the vicinity of Skopje and will have an administrative building for registration and administration of asylum seekers and several buildings for hosting asylum seekers. It will be able to host up to 150 persons, but the design includes possible future extension for up to 300 people. | Project Name | Development of immigration and asylum strategy, legislation and action plan (2002/01/14; 2003/01/08) | Location | The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | Implementation period | February 2004 – December 2005 | Implementing Partner | Charles Kendall & Partners Ltd (UK); B&S Europe (BE) | Budget/EC contribution | € 160.000 / € 160.000 – CARDS 2002; € 1.000.000 / € 1.000.000 – CARDS 2003 | Funding Programme | CARDS 2002 - 2003 | Responsible DG or EC Delegation | ELARG | Description | The programme provided technical assistance and training to develop and implement the National Action Plan for Migration and Asylum. The TA team also provided amendments to primary and secondary legislation pertaining to the new Law on Asylum as well as assisted in the development of the new Law on the Movement and Residence of Foreigners. In the framework of the programme, a new project proposal has been launched that will look into the enhancement of the asylum management system in the country. | Serbia[11] Project Name | Building an Asylum structure in Serbia and Montenegro (2003/HLWG/046) | Location | Serbia and Montenegro | Implementation period | October 2004 – October 2006 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 762.936,02 / € 530.890,77 | Funding Programme | B7-667 - HLWG | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | This UNHCR project was designed to assist the authorities in setting up an asylum structure. This implies defining competencies and responsibilities on asylum within the current constitutional framework; Adopting an asylum law at the state level; Putting a functioning body in charge of asylum seekers and refugees; Setting up a fair RSD (Refugee Determination Status) process; Establishing reception centres. The project target is to set up the initial phases of a functioning protection mechanism; a first step, which targets the achievement of the adoption of Refugee legislation and the establishment of reception centres. In March 2005, the asylum law of the SGC at the state level was adopted, but remains incomplete, despite active lobbying during the formulation of the law. Negotiations on defining the best location for the reception centres in Serbia and in Montenegro are ongoing. The target is to have a centre in Serbia with a capacity of accommodating 200 people and of 110 people minimum in Montenegro. | Project Name | Building an Asylum structure in Serbia and Montenegro (2005/103439) | Location | Serbia and Montenegro | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 872.507,41 / € 698.005,92 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Continuation of assistance to Serbia and Montenegro to develop their asylum structures. | Project Name | Employed, Empowered – Serbia (2006/120-073) | Location | Serbia | Implementation period | November 2006 – November 2008 | Implementing Partner | Stichting Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe | Budget/EC contribution | € 699.834 / € 559.867 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The specific objective of the project is to support the durable reintegration of refugees, IDPs and returnees into society by researching solutions enabling them to build up sustainable livelihoods for themselves. | Project Name | Support to the process of readmission through sustainable reintegration of returnees from Western Europe to Serbia and Montenegro (2006/120-168) | Location | Serbia and Montenegro | Implementation period | January 2006 – June 2008 | Implementing Partner | Kentro Anaptyxis kai Ekpaidefsis Evropaiki Prooptiki | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.750.404,66 / €1.339.059,56 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Overall objective of the action is support to the process of readmission through sustainable reintegration of returnees from Western Europe to Serbia and Montenegro. | Turkey Project Name | Support to the Turkish Immigration authorities in the area of asylum (2001/HLWG/115) | Location | Turkey | Implementation period | June 2002- November 2004 | Implementing Partner | Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge (BAFL), Germany. | Budget/EC contribution | € 577.800, 50 / € 457.628,00 | Funding Programme | B7-667 – HLWG | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | The aim of this project implemented by the German Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge (BAFL) was to promote partnership with Turkey on migration policy in order to contribute to a better control and prevention of migration flows and to help to combat illegal migration by establishing an effective asylum system. It helped to develop an efficient and balanced migration administration in all fields, in particular the development and establishment of an asylum system, corresponding to the EU acquis. This project has also contributed to a certain extent to the progress in the planning of the new national asylum system and implementation of the EU acquis. | Project Name | Development of the asylum system in Turkey (2001/HLWG/126 and 2002/HLWG/031) | Location | Turkey | Implementation period | April 2002 – May 2005 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 969.417.47; € 775.533.98 (2001/HLWG/126) € 900.420,73 / € 596.800,00 (2002/HLWG/031) | Funding Programme | B7-667 – HLWG | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | The project initially focused on reinforcing the UNHCR branch to carry out the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) and building an information system. It also commissioned studies on the best practice of countries that could be a model for Turkey, organised training of officials and strengthened the temporary procedure. It enabled the reduction of the back-log in the management of asylum files and enhanced co-operation between EU MS officials and Turkish officials. The second project covered needs for infrastructure, training and information and aimed at to strengthening the asylum procedure, train government officials and disseminate best practices. It also looked for a deeper involvement of the civil society. | Project Name | Refugee Support Program – Turkey (2006/120-126) | Location | Turkey | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2009 | Implementing Partner | Helsinki Yurttaslar Dernegi | Budget/EC contribution | € 732.340,36 / € 585.854,11 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The Refugee Support Program” of Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly aims to develop legislation and national practices as regards international protection and asylum in Turkey, ensuring observance of the principle of "non refoulement" and to improve Turkey's capacity to cope with asylum seekers and refugees. Within this broader objective, the specific objective of the action is to improve asylum seekers' and refugees' access to international protection by improving their reception and detention conditions in Turkey through the provision of comprehensive legal and psychological services; public legal education and refugee empowerment; capacity building for civil society organizations, professionals and government agencies; and lobbying for progressive change in law and policy reflecting refugee rights under EC and international law. | Project Name | Pilot Refugee Application Centre (PRAC) and Screening Unit (SU) (2006/120281) | Location | Turkey | Implementation period | January 2007 – June 2009 | Implementing Partner | Immigration and Naturalisation Service the Netherlands | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.753.806 / € 997.915,61 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Implementation of the National Action Plan on asylum and migration. Specific objective: The setting up of a Pilot Refugee Application Centre in Konya including a Screening Unit in Van. | 1.2 European Neighbourhood Policy partner countries in Eastern Europe and the Southern Caucasus Regional Eastern Europe Project Name | Dialogue and Technical capacity building in migration management: Central Asia, Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan (2002/ HLWG/004) | Location | Central Asia, Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan | Implementation period | March 2003 – September 2005 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.488.765,15 / € 1.210.654 | Funding Programme | B7-667 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project aimed at fostering the dialogue between the Russian Federation and the Central Asiatic Republics, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the field of border and migration management. Meetings between officers of the involved countries, and a study tour, aimed at facilitating coordination, at sharing information and disseminating best practices were organised. Some focus was also placed on improving the management of some segments of the Russian-Kazakh border, where some equipment was delivered and a study tour was organised. The project also assisted the voluntary repatriation of some migrants. | Project Name | Re-direction of the Budapest process activities to the CIS region (2003/HLWG/064 ) | Location | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan | Implementation period | March 2004 – July 2005 | Implementing Partner | ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 760.383,60 / € 587.183,96 | Funding Programme | B7-667 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This project's aim was to collect in a comprehensive and comparable manner information and analysis of irregular flows of migration within, from and through the CIS region. The project sought also to establish a network of senior officials dealing with irregular migration, in order to pave the way for a structured dialogue in the CIS region. The CIS countries are now brought into the framework of the Budapest process and are more aware of migration policies in the EU, by attending conferences with officials from other CIS countries, the EU Member States, the European Commission and international organisations. | Project Name | Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia (2006/120-072) | Location | Russian Federation, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | Implementation period | December 2006 – December 2009 | Implementing Partner | ILO - International Labour Organization | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.433.508 / € 1.945.105 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project focuses on key labour migration issues that are rising quickly on political agendas there and are essential components for stability and sustainable and equitable economic growth. There are five specific objectives: (1) To develop practical methods for assessing and forecasting labour market requirements with a view to improving migration governance; (2) to promote decent work and enhance the protection of migrant workers’ rights; (3) to develop a system of earned regularisation and introduce sound regularisation policies and procedures; (4) to contribute to the productive utilization of the region’s human resources by developing systems for the portability of qualifications and reducing bureaucratic obstacles to recruitment; and (5) to develop policies that enhance the positive impact of migration on development in origin countries. | Project Name | The East-Central European Cross Border Co-operation Enhancement process (The Söderköping Process) (2003/HLWG/009 and 2005/103489) | Location | Belarus , Moldova, Ukraine | Implementation period | May 2004 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | Swedish Migration Board, UNHCR, IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 997.500 / € 762.488,00 (2003/HLWG/009) € 1.634.873,16 / € 1.307.898,40 (2005/103489) | Funding Programme | B7-667 – HLWG and AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | JLS and EuropeAid | Description | This process provides training and a forum for comparing national experiences and disseminating best practices and for peer pressure mainly, but not exclusively, on asylum management, between WNIS countries, some EU MSs (with the Swedish Migration Board in a leading role), the UNHCR and the IOM. A Secretariat is now based in Kyiv. | Project Name | The protection of refugees asylum seekers and forced migrants (2005/103619) | Location | Belarus , Moldova, Ukraine, Russia | Implementation period | December 2005 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | European Council on Refugees and Exiles - ECRE | Budget/EC contribution | € 705.331 / € 529.705 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Improve the implementation in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia of national and international refugee and human rights instruments – leading to increased security and protection for refugees. | Project Name | Elimination of human trafficking from Moldova and Ukraine through labour market based measures (2006/120-079) | Location | Moldova and Ukraine | Implementation period | November 2006 – October 2008 | Implementing Partner | ILO and ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 935.615,97 / € 748.492,78 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project offers a long-term perspective against trafficking in human beings in Moldova and Ukraine by addressing gaps in the current implementation of National Action Plans against Human Trafficking (NAP). Designed to strengthen national capacity in implementing NAP, this proposal aims in particular to involve labour market actors in prevention, reintegration and prosecution activities. The purpose is not only to support the prosecution and assistance to victims but also in particular to increase transparency, fairness and efficiency in the labour market as concerns job placements. | Project Name | Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in Ukraine and Moldova (2006/120-250) | Location | Moldova and Ukraine | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.160.346,02 / € 1.728.276,82 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | IOM will run 6 shelters for victims, promote information campaigns with focus on schools, carry out training for law enforcement agencies, including judges, and facilitate their cooperation with NGOs. | Belarus Project Name | Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in the Republic of Belarus (2002/29979) | Location | Belarus | Implementation period | September 2002 – November 2005 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | € 900.000 / € 900.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The project contributed to the fight against trafficking in human beings in Belarus. | Project Name | Enhancing Border Management in Belarus - BOMBEL 1 (2005/100-530) & BOMBEL 2 (2006/104-281) | Location | Belarus | Implementation period | March 2005 – December 2006 September 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | € 4.721.000 / € 4.500.000 (BOMBEL 1) € 9.066.000 / € 8.800.000 (BOMBEL 2) | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | Through the projects the EC funds a number of study visits and trainings and seminars which are organised with the involvement of EU MSs experts. Two European standard accommodation centres for irregular migrants (in Brest and in Pinsk) and a separate one for asylum seekers in the city of Pinsk have been / will be established, a dog training centre has been upgraded and equipped with modern technology, and various border control and surveillance equipment has been supplied. Furthermore the BOMBEL projects aim at modernising the equipment used by border troops in compliance with the EU standards, through the provision of computer-aided equipment and technology, motor-cars and lorries; engineering, technical, communication, radiation-measuring and other pieces of equipment; communication instrument, with the aim in particular of increasing the mobility of border troops along the green border and their capacity of surveillance on trains and at the border posts. | Project Name | Strengthening Migration Management in Belarus - MIGRABEL (2006/104300) | Location | Belarus | Implementation period | June 2006 – May 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 775.000 / € 700.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | Through this project the EC is contributing to establishing a travel document issuing and control system which will meet latest international standards and comply with biometric requirements. Moreover, a national database will be developed and will be able to store and process biometric data. Beneficiaries are the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Border Guard Committee. | Project Name | Strengthening Protection Capacity in Belarus (2006/120221) | Location | Belarus | Implementation period | December 2006 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 719.628,50 / € 575.702,80 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The overall objective of the action is to facilitate the development of the asylum system in Belarus. The specific objective is to develop an effective referral system in order to ensure the respect of the principle of non-refoulement. | Additionally, under CBC 2006 Budget, Belarus is supposed to receive an additional €14 million assistance aimed at improving border controls through provision of equipment for border surveillance and the establishment of fibre optic cable networks to central authorities and between selected border crossing points. This latter component will facilitate smooth border and customs clearance thus reducing waiting hours at border crossing points and at the same time ensuring and improving security controls through modern data networks and/or control equipment. Furthermore technical assistance will also be offered, possibly through a twinning. Moldova Project Name | Combating trafficking in women (2002/30263) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | September 2002 – June 2004 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 600.000 / € 600.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | This project aimed at providing law enforcement agencies with technical support and training as well as promoting cross-border cooperation, raising awareness among potential victims about the risks of being trafficked, assisting the actual victims by facilitating repatriation, offering medical and psychological cares and hospitality in a shelter. | Project Name | Capacity building and technical cooperation for Moldovan border officials (TACIS/2003/077575) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | December 2003 – November 2005 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.100.000 / € 900.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | This project aimed at providing training, technical assistance, and supply of equipment to border guards and other border officials in Moldova, with a particular view to enhance capacity of the Ungheni Border Guard Training Centre by providing physical facilities and equipment as well as by assisting in curricula development. | Project Name | IOM Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Trafficking (Chisinau, Moldova): Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reintegration through Comprehensive Care (TACIS/2004/72590) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | December 2004 – February 2006 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 308.000 / €308.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The project set up a Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Trafficking (Chisinau, Moldova), focussed on the recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration of the victims through comprehensive Care. | Project Name | Enhancing border control management in the republic of Moldova (TACIS/2004/027521) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | December 2004 – December 2005 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.850.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The project aimed at strengthening border control capacities at selected Moldovan border crossing points through the supply of equipment and training. | Project Name | Strengthening Migration Management in Moldova - MIGRAMOL (2006/104300) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | June 2006 – May 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 775.000 / € 700.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The aim of this project is to improve migration management capacity with a particular focus on the treatment of irregular migrants. The core activity under the project is to ensure international standards in the accommodation of irregular migrants with the refurbishment of an accommodation facility, to develop a health care system (including the creation of a health post), in order to provide medical assistance to irregular migrants held, to train staff and develop norms and guidelines for the management of an accommodation facility in accordance with the best international standards and most particularly with the standards set by the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee for Prevention of the Torture. | Project Name | Improvement of Border Controls at the Moldovan-Ukrainian State Border - BOMMOLUK 1 (2006/125442) | Location | Moldova and Ukraine | Implementation period | September 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | € 3.250.000 / € 3.000.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The objective of this project is to build up appropriate and institutional capacity in Moldova and Ukraine to ensure effective border and customs controls and border surveillance with particular attention to the Moldovan-Ukrainian state border. | Project Name | EU Border Assistance Mission to Ukraine and Moldova - EUBAM (RRM and TACIS) | Location | Ukraine and Moldova | Implementation period | November 2005 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | RRM: € 4.000.000 TACIS: € 24.200.000 (not all yet contracted) | Funding Programme | RRM and TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The objective of this project is to contribute to the enhancement of the overall border and customs management capacities of Moldova and Ukraine border officials and to contribute to a peaceful solution to the Transniestria conflict. The deployment of the EUBAM mission along the Moldovan-Ukrainian border as well as along the Moldovan internal/administrative boundary was initiated with particular attention to the Transnistrian border sector, which the Moldovan authorities can not effectively manage. 17 EU Member States provide significant financial contribution to EUBAM's activities through the secondment of border police and customs personnel whose salaries are being paid by the EU Member States' administration. | Project Name | Beyond Poverty Alleviation: Developing a Legal, Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Leveraging Migrant Remittances for Entrepreneurial Growth in Moldova (2006/120234) | Location | Moldova | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM – International Organisation for Migration | Budget/EC contribution | € 997.700 / € 794.665,38 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This project aims at maximising the positive effects of migration on development, by promoting the cheaper transfer and providing advice for the most rentable use of migrants remittances in view of pro-development projects. | Additionally, under CBC 2006 Budget Moldova is supposed to receive an additional €12 million assistance aimed at improving border controls through provision of equipment for border surveillance and the establishment of fibre optic cable networks to central authorities and between selected border crossing points. This latter component will facilitate smooth border and customs clearance thus reducing waiting hours at border crossing points and at the same time ensuring and improving security controls through modern data networks and/or control equipment. Furthermore technical assistance will also be offered, possibly through a twinning. A TACIS RAP 2005 allocation of €6.6 million will enable to complete the demarcation of the Ukrainian- Moldovan border (the project will concentrate on the Southern border in front of the Black sea and on the Transnestrian sector, as the remaining parts were already ensured by the Ukrainian and Moldovan State Funds) and to set joint border posts. Ukraine Project Name | Fight against trafficking in human beings-Ukraine (2003/69572) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | December 2003- June 2006 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.892.000 / € 1.892.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The project covered three areas in this regard: 1) prevention of trafficking through dissemination of information and increase of public awareness; 2) prosecution and criminalisation of trafficking and building up capacity of Ukrainian law enforcement and judicial authorities; 3) protection and reintegration of victims through assisting victims with legal, medical and psychological help, shelter and micro-grants as an income generating basis. | Project Name | Reinforcing the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine's Human Resources Management System (TACIS/2005/115-592) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | December 2005 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | International Organization for Migration | Budget/EC contribution | € 4.341.000 / € 4.000.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | DEL Ukraine | Description | Support to the State Border Guard Service's strategy towards an EU-type border police / law enforcement agency aimed at reforming the human resources management system (legislation, staff recruitment, staff training, career development).By the involvement of Hungarian and Polish border guards, it aims at improving human resources management, starting from recruitment, the development of training strategies, plans and curricula in line with EU standards and requirements, and being completed with a career development programme for border guard personnel. The programme will support the transition of a military-type structured entity towards a European-type law enforcement entity. | Project Name | “Establishment of migration management in Zakarpattya in Ukraine” (2003/HLWG/039) and “Enhancing Capacities in the Area of Protection and Treatment of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Zakarpattya /Western Ukraine” (2006/120-173) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | June 2004 – June 2008 | Implementing Partner | Osterreichische Caritaszentrale | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.627.823,77 / € 1.302.259,02 (2003/HLWG/039) € 874.928,04/ € 699.942,43 (2006/120-173) | Funding Programme | HLWG B7-667 AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | JLS and EuropeAid | Description | The projects have a humanitarian component, improving the living conditions of apprehended migrants in Zakarpattya. In addition, the activities contribute to the improvement of counselling, protection and registration of refugees while being detained and during all phases of their asylum procedure as well as to the improvement of cooperation and exchange of migration authorities and NGOs specialised in the field. | Project Name | Monitor and promote the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of refugees and migrants | Location | Ukraine | Implementing Partner | Chernihiv Public Committee for Human Rights Protection | Budget/EC contribution | € 78.000 | Responsible DG/Del | EIDHR (European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights) | Description | This project is implemented with the aim to monitor and promote the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of refugees and migrants with focus on the regions of Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Sumy, Zakarpattya and Lviv. | Project Name | Assistance to the Legal and Administrative Reforms in Ukraine in the Sphere of Migration and Refugees’ Protection According to the Norms and Standards of the European Union (2004/87047 ) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | July 2006 – March 2007 | Implementing Partner | Ludwig Boltzmann Institute | Budget/EC contribution | € 500.000 / € 500.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Kiev | Description | The project's objective is to increase the competence of the staff of Ukrainian institutions in asylum and asylum related matters and the inter-institutional cooperation of the institutions involved by establishing internal working relations. | Project Name | Strengthening Asylum and Protection Capacity in Ukraine by Enhancing the Capacity of Governmental and Civil Society Stakeholders in a Participatory Approach and Cross-sector Co-operation (2006/120-176) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | Dansk Flygtningehjaelp | Budget/EC contribution | € 534397,23 / € 427517,78 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | To ensure that the Ukrainian asylum and refugee system is able to function in a transparent manner and in accordance with principles based on human rights and rule of law and in a participatory approach with civil society capacities. | Project Name | Strengthening capacities and cooperation in the identification of forged and falsified documents in Ukraine (2006/120-195) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 783.161,25 / € 626.400,6 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | To contribute to an increased effectiveness in the fight against illegal migration by the Ukrainian authorities. | Project Name | Capacity building of Migration management: Ukraine Phase I and Phase II (2004/096-462 and 2006/124-449) | Location | Ukraine | Implementation period | March 2005 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 4.204.672 / €3.781.505 (2004/096-462) € 3.074.474 / € 2.767.000 (2006/124-449) | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | DEL Ukraine | Description | The activities aim at enhancing the capacity of the Government of Ukraine (GoU) to manage the migration flows and control the illegal movement of migrants to and through the territory of Ukraine. The projects seeks to do so by carrying out various interlinked actions, i.e. an assessment of migration situation, the development of best practices, based upon international standards and conventions, the refurbishment of accommodation centres for detained migrants and the piloting of a voluntary return programme, and to support the GoU’s efforts to comply with and ensure European best practices and humanitarian standards set by the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, and the CPT as well as the harmonisation with the EU acquis communautaire. | Several projects were funded by TACIS (from RAP 2000 until NAP 2005) in view of providing the border guards of Ukraine with better equipment to control the green border and the land border crossing points (walky-talkies, radios for long distance communication including data transmission, 4 wheels cars, night-visors, metal detectors, passport readers, computers, software for data registration etc.) along the entire Northern and Eastern border with Belarus and Russia , and the South-West border with Moldova for an overall amount of approximately €20 million. Under the TACIS NAP 2006, an allocation of €5 million (within a larger project addressing also Customs Service) is available to promote further improvement of the quality of Border Guards capacity of surveillance and alignment to the EU/Schengen standards. Both through this allocation and an additional €4 million which is available under the CBC programme (2006 budget) it will be possible to procure additional border equipment. Regional Southern Caucasus Project Name | An integrated approach to promoting legal migration through national capacity building (2005/103475) | Location | South Caucasus | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 971.747 / € 777.397 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project contributed to the creation in the three countries of Migration Resource Centers, where information about potential and actual migrants are collected for the benefit of employers and students, and potential migrants can find information about the rules of legal migration and the risks of illegal migration. MRCs were established in 2006 in Yerevan (Armenia), Baku and Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan), Tbilisi, Kutaisi and Gurjaani (Georgia). | Project Name | Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia (2006/120-072) | Location | Russian Federation, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | Implementation period | December 2006 – November 2009 | Implementing Partner | ILO - International Labour Organization | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.433.508 / €1.945.105 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This project aims at promoting a better management of legal economic migration and at increasing the level of protection of migrants' rights through seminars, trainings and legal advice in several NIS. In particular in the Russian federation it aims at developing practical methods for assessing and forecasting labour market requirements with a view to improving migration governance, as well as a system of earned regularisation and introduce sound regularisation policies and procedures. | Project Name | NGO and Governmental Cooperation Across the South Caucasus to Develop a Joint Response to Trafficking in Women and Children (2006/118051) | Location | Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia | Implementing Partner | Eesti Naisuurimus Ja Teabekeskus Mtu (Estonian Women’s Studies and Resource Center) | Budget/EC contribution | €600.000 / € 480.000 | Funding Programme | EIDHR (European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights) | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project’s goal is to raise the qualification of law enforcement staff, social services and journalists. It will establish links between these actors and establish regional referral mechanisms. The project will carry out a public awareness campaign about trafficking. It will carry out regional research and regular monitoring of the situation. | Project Name | Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (2006/104772) | Location | Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | ILO with ICMPD, OSCE | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.874.989,76 / € 1.500.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This regional project aims at contributing to the progressive reduction of trafficking in human beings in the SC countries through capacity building and empowerment of actual and potential victims. It includes revision of National strategies and support to their implementation, awareness raising, strengthening capacity of national authorities and improve identification, protection and reintegration of victims. | Armenia Project Name | Support to Migration Policy Development and Relevant Capacity Building in Armenia (2006/120-233) | Location | Armenia | Implementation period | December 2006 – November 2009 | Implementing Partner | The British Council | Budget/EC contribution | € 845.607 / € 676.485,6 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | 1. Raising people’s awareness on issues, costs, risks, rights and responsibilities associated with migration; contribute to the development of public demand for an improved legal framework f 2. Create a structure responsible for providing advice and reintegration assistance to Armenian nationals returning from abroad. Material help will be envisaged, if at all possible, in order to further minimise the risk of repeated emigration. 3. Assisting state agencies in the process of drafting legislation and regulating migration. | Azerbaijan Project Name | Establishment of Integrated Border Management Model at the Southern Border of Azerbaijan (TACIS/2006/109-609) | Location | Azerbaijan | Implementation period | June 2006 – June 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.185.799 / € 1.987.090 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project will facilitate an enhanced cooperation among law enforcement agencies in the fight against border-related crimes, support the establishment and the activities of a Border Guards Training School, and contribute to procure border equipment and to improve border infrastructure. The project aims to pilot an Integrated Border Management Model at the Southern Border of Azerbaijan, in an area comprising 30 km of border intersection with Iran, including the international Border Crossing Point at Bilasuvar. The latter is the fastest land connection between Baku and Iran, and with the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan, and is the longest border Azerbaijan shares with any other country. | Georgia Project Name | Toward Durable Re-integration Mechanisms in Georgia (2006/120-074) | Location | Georgia | Implementation period | January 2007 – October 2008 | Implementing Partner | Dansk Flygtningehjaelp | Budget/EC contribution | € 639.352,80 / € 511.354,37 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The Georgian Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation (MRA) capacitated to implement its mandatory function of supporting re-integration of returning migrants, rejected asylum seekers and other displaced groups MRA capacitated to take a co-ordinating function on issues related to re-integration of returning migrants and rejected asylum seekers vis-à-vis the relevant Georgian state actors and European Governments engaged in bilateral support to re-integration. | Project Name | Prevention of trafficking in human beings, monitoring and support to the implementation of the National Action Plan on counter trafficking (2006/122530) | Location | Georgia | Implementation period | September 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | Peoples Harmonious Development Society Association | Budget/EC contribution | € 77.580 / € 50.000 | Funding Programme | EIDHR (European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights) | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This micro-grant is supporting the fight against trafficking in human beings in Georgia through prevention and development of institutional mechanisms for prosecution of trafficking and protection of trafficking victims as well as through the monitoring and support to the implementation of the Plan of Action against Trafficking. | Project Name | Contribute to the transformation of the Georgian Border Guards into a civilian agency under the Ministry of Interior. (2006/) | Location | Georgia | Implementation period | January 2006 – July 2007 | Implementing Partner | Finnish Border Guards | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.000.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC Delegation Tblisi | Description | The project aims to establish and equip a Border Police faculty in the Georgian Police Academy. An additional €1 million available under TACIS NAP 2004 and should be used to continue with assistance to the Georgian Border Guard Faculty for one more year, contract to be signed before July 2007. | 1.3 Russian Federation Project Name | “House for Asylum seekers and Refugees in Saint Petersburg” (2003/HLWG/076) and “Complex action for improvement of refugees reception system in St. Petersburg – Russia”(2006/120-135) | Location | Russian Federation | Implementation period | March 2005 – October 2008 | Implementing Partner | St. Petersburg Centre for International Cooperation of the Red Cross | Budget/EC contribution | € 897.500 / € 698.740,00 (2003/HLWG/076) € 664.856,20 / €502.764,26 (2006/120-135) | Funding Programme | HLWG B7-667 and AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | JLS and EuropeAid | Description | The project aims to increase the capacities of St Petersburg in the reception, registration, documentation and integration of refugees and asylum seekers and the protection of their rights by means of supplying them with legal, psychological, medical and social assistance and temporary settlement in a special building. | Project Name | Migration Rights: Network of Legal Assistance to Refugees and Forced Migrants in Russian Regions (2003/HLWG/082 and 2006/120-166) | Location | Russian Federation | Implementation period | January 2005 – December 2009 | Implementing Partner | Memorial Human Rights Centre | Budget/EC contribution | € 762.675,50 / € 1.042.672,82 (2003/HLWG/082) € 1.756.092,84 / 1.404.874,27 (2006/120-166) | Funding Programme | HLWG and AENEAS | Responsible DG | JLS and EuropeAid | Description | The projects foresee at providing legal counselling and representing forced migrants in the courts, the development of the asylum system in the Russian Federation, establishing a system of effective international protection for forced migrants in Russia and promoting respect for international standards and rights for refugees, stateless persons, IDPs and forced and labour migrants. | Project Name | Assistance to the Government of the Russian Federation in Establishing a Legal and Administrative Framework for the Development and Implementation of Readmission Agreements (2006/120-282) | Location | Russian Federation | Implementation period | February 2007 – January 2009 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.756.092,84 / € 1.404.874,27 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | With this project, the EC provides assistance to the Russian Federal Migration Service in its preparation towards the implementation of the readmission agreement with the EC. The project aims more specifically to upgrade the treatment of readmitted illegal migrants that are nationals of third countries, through promoting the creation of a model centre in Pskov and disseminating information on best practices in this field (including on assisted voluntary returns). | Project Name | Prevention of Human Trafficking (2005/115237) | Location | Russian Federation | Implementation period | March 2006 – August 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 4.444.444 / € 4.000.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC DEL Moscow | Description | The main objective of the project is to combat trafficking in human beings in the Russian Federation as a country of origin, transit and destination – by: (i) improving the legislative framework and the State policies regarding human trafficking, including the national capacity to assess and measure this phenomenon in Russia; (ii) strengthening the capacity of the relevant law enforcement agencies to combat human trafficking; raising awareness amongst the risk group, general public and relevant Russian authorities, NGOs and diplomatic missions of foreign states; and (iii) building the capacity of the national authorities and local NGO networks to protect and reintegrate victims of trafficking. | 2. Other regions 2.1 Eastern Mediterranean ENP partner countries (Syria, Lebanon and Jordan) and Middle Eastern countries (Iran and Iraq) Regional Project Name | International migration from Middle East and North Africa (2005/103579) | Location | Middle East and North Africa | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | World Bank | Budget/EC contribution | € 916.963 / € 733.570 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Identify and support the implementation of projects, policies, regional arrangements, and institutional reforms that will maximise the benefits of international migration flows and reduce their costs. | Project Name | Management of asylum and migration in North Africa and improving protection of for asylum-seekers and refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, with focus on Iraqis’ (2006/126-820) | Location | Middle East and North Africa | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | UNHCR | Budget/EC contribution | € 5.000.000 / € 4.000.000 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | €1 m of the total budget is reserved to strengthen the protection mechanisms in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, with particular focus on Iraqi refugees and asylum-seekers. | Project Name | Enhancing civil society participation in human rights management of migration (2005/103558) | Location | Middle East and North Africa | Implementation period | December 2005 – March 2008 | Implementing Partner | Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network -EMHRN | Budget/EC contribution | € 669.499 / € 535.598 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | This project supports the work of NGOs dealing with migrants and asylum seekers in all the Maghreb and Mashrek countries, including Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. | Lebanon Project Name | Legal protection to migrant workers and asylum seekers in Lebanon (2001/50530) | Location | Lebanon | Implementation period | April 2003 – March 2007 | Implementing Partner | Caritas | Budget/EC contribution | € 761.300 / € 761.300 | Funding Programme | MEDA | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The overall objective of this project is the protection of the human and legal rights of migrant workers and asylum-seekers in Lebanon. By the end of its implementation period: 1. The existing legal protections for migrants’ rights will be enforced in the courts of Lebanon and migrants will have access to the legal and social counselling necessary to take advantage of these protections; 2. Migrants and asylum-seekers will be more capable of protecting themselves from abuse, exploitation and detention by understanding and using the legal process and their social networks; 3. The Lebanese public will be informed of the legal and human rights of the migrants working and living among them and of the nature and extent of the abuse and exploitation they experience; 4. The official administrative instructions and general practices regulating the status and treatment of migrant workers, especially female household workers, will provide greater protection for their human and legal rights. | 2.2 Central Asia Regional Project Name | Border Management in Central Asia (BOMCA) | Location | Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan | Implementation period | From 2003 - ongoing | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | € 13.600.000 (additional €12 million reserved) | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EC Delegation Almaty | Description | The overall objectives of the programme are 1) to enhance security in Central Asia; 2) to reduce the flow of illicit traffic through the countries of the region; 3) to contribute to an increased flow of persons and legal goods across Central Asian borders. The specific objective of BOMCA is to strengthen the five countries' capacities in managing their borders in accordance with European best practices. The programme addresses all the issues related to border management, including improvement of relevant legislation, training, study tours, funding of infrastructures, supplying of equipment for upgrading of security at border crossing points, on certain parts of the green border of the countries and in selected airports. It supports as well training centres, facilitated networking and regional coordination. | Project Name | Central Asian Labour Migration Programme (2006/131406) | Location | Central Asia | Implementation period | November 2006 – October 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.900.000 / € 1.700.000 | Funding Programme | TACIS | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project supports in Kazakhstan the improvement of labour migration data and statistics, the development of a national labour migration strategy, capacity building for migration authorities, protection of migrants’ rights via NGOs, while in sending countries like Tajikistan, Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan it is aimed at better regulating and inspecting employment agencies, increasing information for would be migrants, enhancing capacities of national authorities to protect nationals working abroad. At regional level the project promotes raising awareness among decision makers and promotes coordination and dialogue. | Tajikistan Project Name | Enhancing Development Impact of Remittances and Promoting legal migration in Rural Communities. (2006/120-262) | Location | Tajikistan | Implementation period | January 2007 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 669.655 / 535.724 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | To enhance the development impact of labour migration and remittances in migrant sending areas through remittance-linked education and investment initiatives as well as promoting legal migration through information dissemination and training of community based entities on reality of labour migration. | 2.3 Asian countries of origin As regards Asiatic countries, a big distinction is to be made between 1) actions providing material help to internally displaced people (IDPs) of countries in crisis situations or to its nationals having massively fled in a neighbouring country, which were carried out mainly through the "Aid to Uprooted People" budget line, and 2) actions more specifically addressing other aspects of migrations and in particular migrations towards the EU. As concerns the "Aid to Uprooted People" budget line, there have been several large scale interventions concentrated in a few countries. Among them Afghanistan was a priority. €145.4 million was allocated between 2001 and 2006. Interventions aimed at facilitating return and reintegration of internally displaced Afghans or Afghans willing to repatriate in particular from Iran and Pakistan by facilitating land and houses recovery, access to information and employment, removal of various legal and material obstacles. The programme also supported the functioning of the Afghanistan Comprehensive Solutions Unit (ACSU), whose task is to steer the overall collection of information on Afghans abroad and promotion and coordination of their return and reintegration back home, while coordinating among all the State agencies and the actors involved into this process. Furthermore, the "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line mobilised between 2001 and 2004 up to €3.8 million to support Bhutanese refugees in Nepal . In the same period, €26 million were allocated to help Burmese refugees in Burma, Bangladesh and Thailand. Additional €18 million were allocated under the budgets 2005 and 2006 of that budget line. In Indonesia €15.7 million were mobilised by the "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line, with focus on Sulawesi and Timor populations. The "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line mobilised €8.5 million between 2001 and 2004 for projects implemented by UNHCR in the Philippines aimed at assisting internally displaced people, with special focus on Mindanao. At the same time, in Sri Lanka the "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line provided up to €15.5 million between 2001 and 2004 for projects implemented by UNHCR aimed at assisting internally displaced people. Furthermore many more interventions of a purely humanitarian nature were promoted by ECHO. Project Name | Regional Dialogue and Program on facilitating managed and legal migration between Asia and the EU (2005/103523) | Location | Asia | Implementation period | December 2005 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.060.728 / € 848.583 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | Develop legal migration and enhance regional dialogue and cooperation in facilitating managed migration from Asia to the EU. | Project Name | Asian Programme of the Governance of Labour Migration (2005/103503) | Location | Countries of the Mekong region, China, Korea, Japan and South Asia | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2008 | Implementing Partner | ILO and UNIFEM | Budget/EC contribution | € 2.447.840 / € 1.955.335 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The project aims to promote active dialogue and cooperation for enhanced gender and rights-based management of labour migration among countries in the Asian region, and thereby minimize exploitative and abusive treatment of migrant workers. The project contributes to the adoption of appropriate policies and the enactment of enabling laws, the training of labour administrators, improving information systems for decision-making, and promoting bilateral agreements and regular consultations among the countries in the region. | Bangladesh Project Name | Anti-Trafficking of Human Beings within the Police Reform Programme (Asia/2006/124252) | Location | Bangladesh | Implementation period | January 2007 – October 2009 | Implementing Partner | UNDP | Budget/EC contribution | €13.700.000 / € 2.000.000 | Funding Programme | ALA | Responsible DG | DEL Dhaka | Description | Within the framework of a much larger (13.7m€) reform programme for the Bangladeshi police funded by DFID and UNPD, the EC funds one component which will focus on introducing a victim oriented approach, and should provide details on how the Ministry of Home Affairs and the police will improve the capacity of the police to investigate THB, on the one hand by ensuring that witnesses are treated in such a way that they feel safe and comfortable enough by supporting the investigations and on the other hand to have the capacity to investigate cases without being fully dependent on victim-witnesses. The project also strives to increase access to justice to victims of human trafficking, create understanding among police officers how to deal with trafficking cases, and how and when to work together closely with other Ministries, the NGO community, and international organisations to ensure best possible referral of the victims. | China Project Name | Capacity Building For Migration Management in China (2006/120-244) | Location | Philippines | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 2499548,85 / € 1999639,08 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2005 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | IOM is supported to contribute to the reduction of illegal migration from, into and through the PRC, including to the EU; to support the enhancement of the national capacity for migration management in the PRC; to contribute to building a sustainable and viable network of partnerships and cooperation in the area of migration between the administration of the PRC and EU MS and to increase mutual understanding and knowledge of respective approaches to migration and migration management between the PRC and the EU. | Project Name | MIGRAMACAO (2005/103671) | Location | Macao | Implementation period | January 2006 – December 2007 | Implementing Partner | Cabinet of Secretary for Security of the Macao Special Administrative Region | Budget/EC contribution | € 626.131 / € 500.904,80 | Funding Programme | AENEAS 2004 | Responsible DG | EuropeAid | Description | The aim of the MIGRAMACAU action is to ensure entities of Macao more effective management in all aspects of migration flows, including the prevention and combating of illegal migration and trafficking of human beings through the cooperation with regional countries and the coordination with the EC. | Philippines Project Name | Philippines Border Management Project (2005/113-343) | Location | Philippines | Implementation period | January 2006 – January 2009 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 5.145.000 / € 4.900.000 | Funding Programme | ALA | Responsible DG | DEL Manila | Description | This project contributes to the efforts of the Government of the Philippines towards a more professional migration and border management in line with international norms and protocols. | Project Name | “The Opportunity Card” (2003/HLWG/031) | Location | Philippines | Implementation period | June 2004 – December 2005 | Implementing Partner | Opportunity International | Budget/EC contribution | € 701.417,11 / € 530.055,00 | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | The project led by Opportunity International UK (an international network of microfinance organisations) aims to provide a remittance product for overseas Filipino workers to remit monies back to the Philippines. The product provides a secure and economically competitive means for remittances to be made and uses the HSBC (bank) Money transfer product which takes the form of a cash card to be held by the recipients of the remittance. The initial target is of 15,000 new cards. The aim was thus to increase the amount of remittances as a tool to alleviate poverty by making them more accessible, cost and time-effective and safe. | Sri Lanka Project Name | Possible Establishment of an Information Exchange System Field-Based Country of Origin Information System With Regard to Sri Lanka (2001/HLWG/122) | Location | Sri Lanka | Implementation period | January 2002 – April 2005 | Implementing Partner | ICMPD | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.079.663,55; EU grant: € 863.731,00 | Funding Programme | HLWG – B7-667 | Responsible DG | JLS | Description | The purpose of this project was to provide country of origin information to interested Governments when dealing with pre-departure return planning of Sri Lankan nationals and therefore facilitating a more successful integration of Sri Lankan national returnees. | Project Name | Capacity Building in Migration Management and Sustainable Return and Reintegration in Sri Lanka (2001/HLWG/130, 2002/HLWG/002, 2003/HLWG/060, 2005/103522) | Location | Sri Lanka | Implementation period | December 2001 – November 2007 | Implementing Partner | IOM | Budget/EC contribution | € 1.353.141 / € 1.082.513 (2001/HLWG/130) € 600.000 / € 507.713,70 (2002/HLWG/002) € 1.115.397,90 / € 892.318,32 (2003/HLWG/060) € 2.341.830 / € 1.873.464 (2005/103522) | Funding Programme | HLWG and AENEAS | Responsible DG | JLS and EuropeAid | Description | The EC’s support to Sri Lanka focuses at strengthening the capacity of Sri Lanka to manage migration, enhance regular migration, support assisted voluntary return and reintegration and foster economic relations and exchange of experience between Sri Lankan migrants and their home country. In addition, the four projects strived to build the capacity of the Sri Lankan government to reduce irregular migration into and through Sri Lanka, and a wide range of training activities were conducted, both within Sri Lanka as is the EU. | Annex III: Overview of the migratory situation and flows from and in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the EU and statistics The latest available data indicates that around 5.5 million migrants from countries in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions are residing legally in the EU, which represents nearly 30% of all resident third-country nationals. The most important countries of origin are Turkey, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and Ukraine. In terms of illegal immigration , and in comparison to migration from Africa, migration from the Eastern and South-Eastern regions is different in nature: the flows are more constant (there is no specific seasonal cycle), more diffuse (given the multiplicity of possible entry points and the fact that an important share of illegal immigration is due to persons who enter the EU legally but overstay their visa) and more under the control of networks connected with organised crime and involved in multiform criminal businesses. As regards numbers, a rough analysis suggests that migration flows to the EU originating in neighbouring countries reached its peak at the end of the 1990s and that this is now stabilising if not slightly declining; this is a trend that is likely to continue due to economic growth and increased political stability. At the same time there is evidence that migrants from Asia are seeking new routes into the EU via Africa, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. It is predicted that flows from Asia will increase. While illegal immigration negatively impacts on the EU, countries of origin are also significantly affected by migration. Whilst in some cases, attracting migrant labour is an important concern for the EU given the sharp decline in population, for countries of origin difficult economic situations can generate high levels of emigration among people of working age, people who may then however remit important earnings to their country of origin. Assessing the scale and nature of migratory flows from, through or to the countries in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the EU is a difficult task which must take into account the changes in the EU's external borders: following enlargement of the Union to include Bulgaria and Romania, the EU now has more extended external borders with Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine and Turkey; a new external border with Moldova; and an additional external sea border at the Black Sea which brings the countries of the Southern Caucasus closer. Land borders are also due to change as soon as the newer Member States join the Schengen area. As the borders of the EU shift, migratory routes also shift, displacing existing routes or adding new ones. New routes also appear when certain routes are closed off following increased action by enforcement agencies charged with tackling illegal immigration and organised crime. In addition, in recent years migratory flows have increasingly diversified and new migratory flows are emerging alongside traditional and relatively long-standing ones. In this context, migration is more difficult to manage and Member States increasingly turn to the EU to seek solutions via cross-border dialogue and cooperation with and within the partner regions. Regarding asylum, according to UNHCR, seven of the ten main countries of origin of asylum-seekers in the EU in 2004 were countries in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the EU, namely in the Western Balkans, the Middle East and Asia. This is compared to three countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Capacity to ensure proper asylum processing in many countries of these regions is weak. Even when refugees staying in the region enjoy legal security, the poor social and economic climate is a barrier to integration. TABLE 1: Nationals of Eastern and South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU and of Asiatic countries registered by EU-25 As Legally residing (2004) | As Apprehended illegal migrants (2005) | As receivers of a visa (2005) | As asylum seekers (2005) | From South Caucasus | 93,504 | 6,903 | 78,774 | 12,896 | From Eastern Europe | 536,658 | 41,211 | 2,039,952 | 9,322 | From Western Balkans | 2,502,906 | 83,173 | 838,174 | 25,890 | From Turkey | 2,456,186 | 9,749 | 532,177 | 10,746 | From Russian Federation | 485,053 | 13,844 | 2,833,392 | 18,143 | TOTAL | 6,074,307 | 154,880 | 6,322,469 | 76,997 | From Asiatic countries[12] | 2,002,589 | 58,518 | 1,447,382 | 62,975 | TOTAL all groups above | 8,079,154 | 213,398 | 7,769,851 | 139,972 | TABLE 2: Number of illegal migrants apprehended by law enforcement agencies of Eastern and South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU Year 2004 | Year 2005 | In South Caucasus | 3,123 | 3,029 | In Eastern Europe | 10,104 | 13,748 | In Western Balkans | 6,919 | 8,234 | In Turkey | 61,228 | 57,428 | TOTAL | 81,374 | 82,439 | Notes: Figures are Commission estimates based on the apprehension reports by ICMPD and other national sources Apprehended own nationals are in some cases included. Data from Turkey includes apprehensions within the country. Source: ICMPD: 2005 Yearbook. Vienna 2006. South Caucasus: no data was available for Armenia. Western Balkans: For Albania for 2004 no data was available. Western NIS: For Belarus only the number of apprehended illegal migrants by MOI was available. For Moldova only the number of deported persons was available. TABLE 3: Number of asylum seekers registered in Eastern and South Eastern countries neighbouring the EU- Year 2004 Total asylum seekers | South Caucasus | 1,431 | Eastern Europe | 2,189 | Western Balkans | 586 | Turkey | 3,908 | TOTAL | 8,114 | Source: UNHCR Statistical yearbook 2004 TABLE 4: Stock of third country nationals from Eastern countries legally residing in the EU27 Nationals of Eastern and South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU, including Russian Federation Turkey | 2456186 | Serbia-Montenegro | 839247 | Albania | 778748 | Russian Federation | 485053 | Ukraine | 451283 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 352449 | Croatia | 338307 | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 194155 | Moldova | 82011 | Armenia | 59381 | Georgia | 31166 | Azerbaijan | 2957 | Belarus | 3364 | TOTAL | 6074307 | Nationals of Asiatic countries of transit and origin China | 405546 | India | 326592 | Iraq | 186505 | Pakistan | 170734 | Sri Lanka | 149329 | Islamic Republic of Iran | 131932 | Vietnam | 126862 | Indonesia | 124088 | Bangladesh | 113464 | Afghanistan | 92119 | Lebanon | 74227 | Syria | 54704 | Jordan | 17290 | Uzbekistan | 10313 | Kirgizstan | 9759 | Kazakhstan | 6257 | Turkmenistan | 1755 | Tajikistan | 1113 | TOTAL nationals from Asiatic countries | 2002589 | [pic] TABLE 5: Visa data Group 1 | Russia | 2833392 | Ukraine | 1348162 | Belarus | 629849 | Serbia and Montenegro | 541244 | Turkey | 532177 | Albania | 136569 | Bosnia and Herezegovina | 128750 | Moldova | 61941 | Georgia | 40322 | Armenia | 21911 | Croatia | 17545 | Azerbaijan | 16541 | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 14066 | Total group 1 | 6322469 | Group 2 | China | 592644 | India | 292861 | Iran | 104898 | Kazakhstan | 104166 | Lebanon | 74299 | Indonesia | 67931 | Pakistan | 40243 | Syria | 37708 | Vietnam | 35372 | Jordan | 31449 | Sri Lanka | 16984 | Uzbekistan | 12232 | Bangladesh | 11808 | Kyrgizstan | 8930 | Iraq | 6563 | Turkmenistan | 4033 | Afghanistan | 3526 | Tajikistan | 1735 | TOTAL group 2 | 1447382 | TOTAL group 1 + group 2 | 7769851 | TOTAL visas issued worldwide | 11709251 | Percentage of visas issued in countries group 1 | 54% | Percentage of visas issued in countries group 2 | 12,30% | NB. Transit A visas not included. Data is for the year 2005. Source: Visa data collection managed by Council secretariat and Commission TABLE 6: Apprehended illegal aliens in EU25, 2004-2005 | Group 1 | Nationals of Eastern and South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU including Russian Federation | Country | 2004 | 2005 | Albania | 36965 | 52388 | Ukraine | 29156 | 26791 | Russia | 17276 | 13844 | Serbia Montenegro | 6988 | 13058 | Moldova | 10710 | 11444 | Turkey | 9775 | 9749 | Georgia | 5627 | 4009 | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 3532 | 3518 | Belarus | 2911 | 2976 | Bosnia | 2663 | 2483 | Armenia | 2142 | 1938 | Croatia | 1110 | 1151 | Azerbaijan | 1417 | 956 | Total group 1 | 134,597 | 154,880 | Group 2 | Nationals of Asiatic countries of origin and transit | Country | 2004 | 2005 | Iraq | 6861 | 14242 | China | 10715 | 10894 | India | 9168 | 9905 | Pakistan | 5151 | 6724 | Iran | 2858 | 4640 | Bangladesh | 3223 | 3551 | Vietnam | 2325 | 2338 | Syria | 1526 | 1728 | Afghanistan | 724 | 909 | Lebanon | 736 | 803 | Sri Lanka | 1101 | 745 | Uzbekistan | 517 | 642 | Kazakhstan | 616 | 587 | Kirgyzstan | 301 | 350 | Jordan | 161 | 212 | Indonesia | 147 | 114 | Tajikistan | 109 | 100 | Turkmenistan | 73 | 34 | Total group 2 | 46312 | 58518 | TOTAL groups 1 & 2 | 180,909 | 213,398 | Total apprehended illegals in all countries in EU25 | 390123 | 423378 | % from 2 above groups on global total | 46.37% | 50,40% | Source: Eurostat NB – Order in the list follows 2005 ranking. Missing data: Ireland, Luxembourg, UK TABLE 7: Asylum applications and positive decisions in EU25, 2004-2005 | Asylum applications and positive decisions in EU25, 2004-2005 | Source: Eurostat | Group 1 | 2004 | 2005 | Country | Applications | Positive decisions | Ratio % between applications and positive decisions | Applications | Positive decisions | Ratio % between applications and positive decisions | Serbia Montenegro | 17432 | 1866 | 10,70 | 19475 | 1978 | 10,16 | Russia | 26373 | 7446 | 28,23 | 18143 | 8386 | 46,22 | Turkey | 13547 | 1611 | 11,89 | 10746 | 1453 | 13,52 | Georgia | 7452 | 189 | 2,54 | 6330 | 153 | 2,42 | Moldova | 5229 | 90 | 1,72 | 4506 | 75 | 1,66 | Armenia | 3682 | 193 | 5,24 | 3793 | 427 | 1,26 | Bosnia | 3955 | 1134 | 28,67 | 3183 | 875 | 27,49 | Ukraine | 4569 | 138 | 3,02 | 3077 | 118 | 3,83 | Azerbaijan | 3630 | 362 | 9,97 | 2773 | 714 | 25,75 | Belarus | 1931 | 165 | 8,54 | 1739 | 216 | 12,42 | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 2000 | 38 | 1,90 | 1578 | 68 | 4,31 | Albania | 1882 | 214 | 11,37 | 1378 | 120 | 8,71 | Croatia | 456 | 17 | 3,73 | 276 | 26 | 9,42 | Total group 1 | 92138 | 13463 | 14,61 | 76997 | 14609 | 18,97 | 2004 | 2005 | Country | Applications | Positive decisions | Ratio % between applications and positive decisions | Applications | Positive decisions | Ratio % between applications and positive decisions | Iraq | 7910 | 2705 | 34,20 | 10805 | 4260 | 39,43 | China | 11445 | 305 | 2,66 | 7765 | 345 | 4,44 | Iran | 8760 | 1560 | 17,81 | 7485 | 1920 | 25,65 | Pakistan | 8940 | 360 | 4,03 | 6810 | 440 | 6,46 | Afghanistan | 7135 | 2610 | 36,58 | 6765 | 2420 | 35,77 | India | 9710 | 35 | 0,36 | 5795 | 45 | 0,78 | Bangladesh | 5535 | 340 | 6,14 | 4220 | 225 | 5,33 | Sri Lanka | 3600 | 480 | 13,33 | 3890 | 275 | 7,07 | Syria | 2910 | 440 | 15,12 | 3695 | 730 | 19,76 | Vietnam | 3340 | 285 | 8,53 | 2400 | 180 | 7,50 | Lebanon | 1200 | 45 | 3,75 | 1320 | 130 | 9,85 | Uzbekistan | 590 | 100 | 16,95 | 725 | 180 | 24,83 | Kazakhstan | 590 | 85 | 14,41 | 435 | 85 | 19,54 | Kirgyzstan | 510 | 45 | 8,82 | 390 | 90 | 23,08 | Jordan | 230 | 15 | 6,52 | 255 | 25 | 9,80 | Tajikistan | 130 | 25 | 19,23 | 95 | 10 | 10,53 | Indonesia | 75 | 5 | 6,67 | 70 | 0 | 0,00 | Turkmenistan | 115 | 30 | 26,09 | 55 | 15 | 27,27 | Total Group 2 | 72725 | 9470 | 13,02 | 62975 | 11375 | 18,06 | 2004 | 2005 | Applications | Positive decisions | % Positive decisions | Applications | Positive decisions | % Positive decisions | TOTAL all groups | 164863 | 22933 | 13,91 | 139972 | 25984 | 18,56 | Total asylum applications/decisions from all countries in EU25 | 282480 | 62986 | 237840 | 73068 | Percentage from 2 above groups on global total | 58,36% | 36,40% | 58,85% | 35,56% | N.B. Order on the list follows order of importance of applications in 2005 | The ratio between applications and positive decisions is not a recognition rate | Remarks: | Data rounded up to the nearest 5. | 2004 - no applications data disaggregated by citizenship available for IT | 2004 - no decisions data available for IT | 2004, 2005 - no decisions data available for LU | [1] Pamatojoties uz Komisijas paziņojumu „Vispārējā pieeja migrācijas jautājumiem un tās attīstība gada laikā: ceļā uz visaptverošu Eiropas migrācijas politiku”, 2006. gada novembris, COM(2006) 735 galīgā redakcija. [2] Kā noteikts ANO Drošības padomes rezolūcijā Nr. 1244. [3] Attiecībā uz Baltkrieviju dialogs ir jārisina saskaņā ar ierobežojumiem, kas tiek piemēroti ES un Baltkrievijas attiecībās kontaktos ar valsts iestādēm un reģionālajā sadarbībā. [4] Turcija par kandidātvalsti oficiāli tika atzīta 1999. gada decembrī. Pievienošanās sarunas tika sāktas 2005. gada 3. oktobrī. Arī Horvātija ir kandidātvalsts, ar kuru norit pārrunas par dalību ES. Bijušai Dienvidslāvijas Maķedonijas Republikai kandidātvalsts statuss tika piešķirts 2005. gada decembrī, bet pievienošanās sarunas vēl nav sāktas. [5] Ja SAN ar Horvātiju un Bijušo Dienvidslāvijas Maķedonijas Republiku ir spēkā, tad SAN ar Albāniju ir parakstīts, bet vēl nav ratificēts, darbs pie SAN ar Melnkalni ir uzsākts, pārrunas par SAN ar Bosniju un Hercegovinu ir pabeigtas, bet pārrunas par SAN ar Serbiju notiek pašlaik. [6] ES un Albānijas atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgums ir spēkā kopš 2006. gada maija, atpakaļuzņemšanas nolīgumi ar Bosniju un Hercegovinu, Serbiju, Bijušo Dienvidslāvijas Maķedonijas Republiku un Melnkalni ir ierosināti un sagaidāms, ka tie stāsies spēkā 2007. gada beigās. [7] Ar Baltkrieviju nav noslēgts PSA un saskaņā ar Padomes secinājumiem, ES attiecības ar Baltkrieviju īsteno divus paralēlus politikas virzienus: līdzās ierobežotiem kontaktiem ministru līmenī ES atbalsta demokratizāciju un sniedz palīdzību iedzīvotājiem. [8] Pārrunas par Tirdzniecības un sadarbības nolīgumu (TSN) ar Irānu tika sāktas 2002. gadā. Irānas kodolkrīzes dēļ pēc 2005. gada jūlija nav notikusi neviena sarunu kārta. Kad būs iespējams atsākt pārrunas par TSN, ES un Irānas Islāma Republika varētu atzīt, ka to kopējās interesēs ir iekļaut īpašus noteikumus dialogam un sadarbībai migrācijas jomā. [9] Pārrunas par TSN ar Irāku Komisija sāka 2006. gadā. Dialogs ar Irāku par migrācijas, vīzu un patvēruma jautājumiem lielā mērā būs atkarīgs no drošības situācijas Irākā, kā arī apmēra, kādā Irākas valdība palielinās savu rīcībspēju. [10] COM(2001) 469, 4.9.2001. [11] Projects which started before the separation of Serbia and Montenegro and which now cover both countries can be found under Serbia. [12] 'Asiatic countries' includes here: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan.