This document is an excerpt from the EUR-Lex website
Document 02014R0548-20191114
Commission Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers
Consolidated text: Commission Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers
Commission Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers
02014R0548 — EN — 14.11.2019 — 002.001
This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document
|
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 (OJ L 152 22.5.2014, p. 1) |
Amended by:
|
|
|
Official Journal |
||
|
No |
page |
date |
||
|
L 346 |
51 |
20.12.2016 |
||
|
L 272 |
107 |
25.10.2019 |
||
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 548/2014
of 21 May 2014
on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to small, medium and large power transformers
Article 1
Subject matter and scope
This Regulation shall apply to transformers purchased after 11 June 2014.
This Regulation shall not apply to transformers specifically designed for the following applications:
instrument transformers, specifically designed to transmit an information signal to measuring instruments, meters and protective or control devices or similar apparatus;
transformers specifically designed and intended to provide a DC power supply to electronic or rectifier loads. This exemption does not include transformers that are intended to provide an AC supply from DC sources such as transformers for wind turbine and photovoltaic applications or transformers designed for DC transmission and distribution applications;
transformers specifically designed to be directly connected to a furnace;
transformers specifically designed to be installed on fixed or floating offshore platforms, offshore wind turbines or on board ships and all kinds of vessels;
transformers specifically designed to provide for a situation limited in time when the normal power supply is interrupted due to either an unplanned occurrence (such as a power failure) or a station refurbishment, but not to permanently upgrade an existing substation;
transformers (with separate or auto-connected windings) connected to an AC or DC contact line, directly or through a converter, used in fixed installations for railway applications;
earthing or grounding transformers specifically designed to be connected in a power system to provide a neutral connection for earthing either directly or via an impedance;
traction transformers specifically designed to be mounted on rolling stock, connected to an AC or DC contact line, directly or through a converter, for specific use in fixed installations for railway applications;
starting transformers, specifically designed for starting three-phase induction motors so as to eliminate supply voltage dips and that remain de-energised during normal operation;
testing transformers, specifically designed to be used in a circuit to produce a specific voltage or current for the purpose of testing electrical equipment;
welding transformers, specifically designed for use in arc-welding equipment or resistance-welding equipment;
transformers specifically designed for explosion-proof applications in accordance with Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ) and underground mining applications;
transformers specifically designed for deep water (submerged) applications;
medium Voltage (MV) to Medium Voltage (MV) interface transformers up to 5 MVA used as interface transformers used in a network voltage conversion programme and placed at the junction between two voltage levels of two medium voltage networks and that need to be able to cope with emergency overloads;
medium and large power transformers specifically designed to contribute to the safety of nuclear installations, as defined in Article 3 of Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom ( 2 );
three-phase medium power transformers with a power rating below 5 kVA;
except as regards the requirements set out in point 4(a), (b) and (d).of Annex I to this Regulation.
Medium and large power transformers, regardless of when they were first placed on the market or put into service, shall be reassessed for conformity and comply with this Regulation, if they are subject to all of the following operations:
replacement of the core or part thereof;
replacement of one or more of the complete windings.
This is without prejudice to the legal obligations under other Union’s harmonisation legislation that these products could be subject to.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation and its annexes the following definitions shall apply.
‘Power transformer’ means a static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which, by electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current into another system of alternating voltage and current usually of different values and at the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power.
‘Small power transformer’ means a power transformer with a highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 1,1 kV.
‘medium power transformer’ means a power transformer with all windings having rated power lower than or equal to 3 150 kVA, and highest voltage for equipment greater than 1,1 kV and lower than or equal to 36 kV.
‘Large power transformer’ means a power transformer with at least one winding having either rated power greater than 3 150 kVA or highest voltage for equipment greater than 36 kV.
‘Liquid-immersed transformer’ means a power transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are immersed in liquid.
‘Dry-type transformer’ means a power transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are not immersed in an insulating liquid.
‘Medium power pole-mounted transformer’ means a power transformer with a rated power of up to 400 kVA suitable for outdoor service and specifically designed to be mounted on the support structures of overhead power lines.
‘Voltage Regulation Distribution Transformer’ means a medium power transformer equipped with additional components, inside or outside of the transformer tank, to automatically control the input or output voltage of the transformer for on-load voltage regulation purposes.
‘Winding’ refers to the assembly of turns forming an electrical circuit associated with one of the voltages assigned to the transformer.
‘Rated voltage of a winding’ (Ur) is the voltage assigned to be applied, or developed at no-load, between the terminals of an untapped winding, or of a tapped winding connected on the principal tapping.
‘High-voltage winding’ refers to the winding having the highest rated voltage.
‘Highest voltage for equipment’ (Um) applicable to a transformer winding is the highest r.m.s phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system for which a transformer winding is designed in respect of its insulation.
‘Rated power’ (Sr) is a conventional value of apparent power assigned to a winding which, together with the rated voltage of the winding, determines its rated current.
‘Load loss’ (Pk) means the absorbed active power at rated frequency and reference temperature associated with a pair of windings when the rated current (tapping current) is flowing through the line terminal(s) of one of the windings and the terminals of the other windings are in short-circuit with any winding fitted with tappings connected to its principal tapping, while further windings, if existing, are open-circuited.
‘No load loss’ (Po) means the active power absorbed at rated frequency when the transformer is energised and the secondary circuit is open. The applied voltage is the rated voltage, and if the energized winding is fitted with a tapping, it is connected to its principal tapping.
‘Peak Efficiency Index’ (PEI) means the maximum value of the ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer minus the electrical losses to the transmitted apparent power of the transformer.
‘Declared value(s)’ mean the values given in the technical documentation pursuant to point 2 of Annex IV to Directive 2009/125/EC, and where applicable, the values used to calculate these values.
‘Dual voltage transformer’ means a transformer with one or more windings with two voltages available in order to be able to operate and supply rated power at either of two different voltage values.
‘Witnessed testing’ means actively observing the physical testing of the product under investigation by another party, to draw conclusions on the validity of the test and the test results. This may include conclusions on the compliance of testing and calculations methods used with applicable standards and legislation.
‘Factory acceptance test’ means a test on an ordered product where the customer uses witnessed testing to verify the product’s full accordance with contractual requirements, before they are accepted or put into service.
‘Equivalent model’ means a model which has the same technical characteristics relevant for the technical information to be provided, but which is placed on the market or put into service by the same manufacturer or importer as another model with a different model identifier.
‘Model identifier’ means the code, usually alphanumeric, which distinguishes a specific product model from other models with the same trade mark or the same manufacturer’s or importer’s name.
Article 3
Eco-design requirements
The ecodesign requirements set out in Annex I shall apply from the dates indicated therein.
If threshold voltages in electricity distribution networks deviate from the standard ones across the Union ( 3 ), Member States shall notify the Commission accordingly, so that a public notification can be made for the correct interpretation of Tables I.1, I.2, I.3a, I.3b, I.4, I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8 and I.9 in Annex I.
Article 4
Conformity assessment
Where the information included in the technical documentation for a particular model has been obtained:
from a model that has the same technical characteristics relevant for the technical information to be provided but is produced by a different manufacturer; or
by calculation on the basis of design or extrapolation from another model of the same or a different manufacturer, or both;
the technical documentation shall include the details of such calculation, the assessment undertaken by the manufacturer to verify the accuracy of the calculation and, where appropriate, the declaration of identity between the models of different manufacturers.
Article 5
Verification procedure for market surveillance purposes
When performing the market surveillance checks referred to in Directive 2009/125/EC, Article 3(2), Member State authorities shall apply the verification procedure set out in Annex III to this Regulation.
Article 6
Indicative Benchmarks
The indicative benchmarks for the best-performing transformers technologically possible at the time of adoption of this Regulation are identified in Annex IV.
Article 7
Review
The Commission shall review this Regulation in the light of technological progress and shall present the results of the assessment, including, if appropriate, a draft revision proposal, to the Consultation Forum no later than 1 July 2023. The review shall in particular address the following issues:
Article 8
Circumvention
The manufacturer, importer or authorised representative shall not place on the market products designed to be able to detect they are being tested (e.g. by recognising the test conditions or test cycle), and to react specifically by automatically altering their performance during the test with the aim of reaching a more favourable level for any of the parameters declared by the manufacturer, importer or authorised representative in the technical documentation or included in any documentation provided.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
ANNEX I
Ecodesign requirements
1. Minimum energy performance or efficiency requirements for medium power transformers
Medium power transformers shall comply with the maximum allowed load and no-load losses or the Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) values set out in Tables I.1 to I.5, excluding medium power pole-mounted transformers, which shall comply with the maximum allowed load and no load losses values set out in Table I.6.
As of the date of application of Tier 2 requirements (1 July 2021), when the one-to-one replacement of an existing medium power transformer entails disproportionate costs associated with their installation, the replacement transformer is, exceptionally, only required to meet Tier 1 requirements for the given rated power.
In this respect, installation costs are disproportionate if the costs of the replacement of the complete substation housing the transformer and/or the acquisition or rental of additional floor space are higher than the net present value of the additional avoided electricity losses (tariffs, taxes and levies excluded) of a Tier 2 compliant replacement transformer over its normally expected service life. The net present value shall be calculated based on capitalised loss values using widely accepted social discount rates ( 4 ).
In this case, the manufacturer, importer, or authorised representative shall include in the technical documentation of the replacement transformer the following information:
In the above cases, the manufacturer, importer or authorised representative shall notify the competent national market surveillance authorities.
1.1. Requirements for three-phase medium power transformers with rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA
Table I.1: ►M2 Maximum load and no-load losses (in W) for three-phase liquid-immersed medium power transformers with one winding with Um ≤ 24kV and the other with Um ≤ 3,6 kV ◄
|
|
Tier 1 (from 1 July 2015) |
Tier 2 (from 1 July 2021) |
||
|
Rated Power (kVA) |
Maximum load losses Pk (W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses Po (W) (*1) |
Maximum load losses Pk (W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses Po (W) (*1) |
|
≤ 25 |
Ck (900) |
Ao (70) |
Ak (600) |
Ao – 10 % (63) |
|
50 |
Ck (1 100 ) |
Ao (90) |
Ak (750) |
Ao – 10 % (81) |
|
100 |
Ck (1 750 ) |
Ao (145) |
Ak (1 250 ) |
Ao – 10 % (130) |
|
160 |
Ck (2 350 ) |
Ao (210) |
Ak (1 750 ) |
Ao – 10 % (189) |
|
250 |
Ck (3 250 ) |
Ao (300) |
Ak (2 350 ) |
Ao – 10 % (270) |
|
315 |
Ck (3 900 ) |
Ao (360) |
Ak (2 800 ) |
Ao – 10 % (324) |
|
400 |
Ck (4 600 ) |
Ao (430) |
Ak (3 250 ) |
Ao – 10 % (387) |
|
500 |
Ck (5 500 ) |
Ao (510) |
Ak (3 900 ) |
Ao – 10 % (459) |
|
630 |
Ck (6 500 ) |
Ao (600) |
Ak (4 600 ) |
Ao – 10 % (540) |
|
800 |
Ck (8 400 ) |
Ao (650) |
Ak (6 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (585) |
|
1 000 |
Ck (10 500 ) |
Ao (770) |
Ak (7 600 ) |
Ao – 10 % (693) |
|
1 250 |
Bk (11 000 ) |
Ao (950) |
Ak (9 500 ) |
Ao – 10 % (855) |
|
1 600 |
Bk (14 000 ) |
Ao (1 200 ) |
Ak (12 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 080 ) |
|
2 000 |
Bk (18 000 ) |
Ao (1 450 ) |
Ak (15 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 305 ) |
|
2 500 |
Bk (22 000 ) |
Ao (1 750 ) |
Ak (18 500 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 575 ) |
|
3 150 |
Bk (27 500 ) |
Ao (2 200 ) |
Ak (23 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 980 ) |
|
(*1)
Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.1 shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
||||
Table I.2: ►M2 Maximum load and no-load losses (in W) for three-phase dry-type medium power transformers with one winding with Um ≤ 24kV and the other with Um ≤ 3,6 kV ◄
|
|
Tier 1 (1 July 2015) |
Tier 2 (1 July 2021) |
||
|
Rated Power (kVA) |
Maximum load losses Pk (W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses Po (W) (*1) |
Maximum load losses Pk (W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses Po (W) (*1) |
|
≤ 50 |
Bk (1 700 ) |
Ao (200) |
Ak (1 500 ) |
Ao – 10 % (180) |
|
100 |
Bk (2 050 ) |
Ao (280) |
Ak (1 800 ) |
Ao – 10 % (252) |
|
160 |
Bk (2 900 ) |
Ao (400) |
Ak (2 600 ) |
Ao – 10 % (360) |
|
250 |
Bk (3 800 ) |
Ao (520) |
Ak (3 400 ) |
Ao – 10 % (468) |
|
400 |
Bk (5 500 ) |
Ao (750) |
Ak (4 500 ) |
Ao – 10 % (675) |
|
630 |
Bk (7 600 ) |
Ao (1 100 ) |
Ak (7 100 ) |
Ao – 10 % (990) |
|
800 |
Ak (8 000 ) |
Ao (1 300 ) |
Ak (8 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 170 ) |
|
1 000 |
Ak (9 000 ) |
Ao (1 550 ) |
Ak (9 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 395 ) |
|
1 250 |
Ak (11 000 ) |
Ao (1 800 ) |
Ak (11 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 620 ) |
|
1 600 |
Ak (13 000 ) |
Ao (2 200 ) |
Ak (13 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (1 980 ) |
|
2 000 |
Ak (16 000 ) |
Ao (2 600 ) |
Ak (16 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (2 340 ) |
|
2 500 |
Ak (19 000 ) |
Ao (3 100 ) |
Ak (19 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (2 790 ) |
|
3 150 |
Ak (22 000 ) |
Ao (3 800 ) |
Ak (22 000 ) |
Ao – 10 % (3 420 ) |
|
(*1)
Maximum losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.2 shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
||||
Table I.3a
Correction factors to be applied to the load and no load losses indicated in Tables I.1, I.2 and I.6 for medium power transformers with special combinations of winding voltages (for rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA)
|
Special combination of voltages in one winding |
Load losses (Pk) |
No load losses (Po) |
|
|
For both liquid immersed (Table I.1) and dry type (Table I.2) |
No correction |
No correction |
|
|
Primary highest voltage for equipment Um ≤ 24kV |
Secondary highest voltage for equipment Um > 3,6 kV |
||
|
For liquid immersed (Table I.1) |
10 % |
15 % |
|
|
Primary highest voltage for equipment Um = 36kV |
Secondary highest voltage for equipment Um ≤ 3,6 kV |
||
|
Primary highest voltage for equipment Um = 36kV |
Secondary highest voltage for equipment Um > 3,6 kV |
10 % |
15 % |
|
For dry type (Table I.2) |
10 % |
15 % |
|
|
Primary highest voltage for equipment Um = 36kV |
Secondary highest voltage for equipment Um ≤ 3,6 kV |
||
|
Primary highest voltage for equipment Um = 36kV |
Secondary highest voltage for equipment Um > 3,6 kV |
15 % |
20 % |
Table I.3b
Correction factors to be applied to the load and no load losses indicated in Tables I.1, I.2 and I.6 for medium power transformers with dual voltage in one or both windings differing more than 10 % and rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA.
|
Type of dual voltage |
Reference voltage for the application of correction factors |
Load losses (Pk) (1) |
No load losses (Po) (1) |
|
Dual voltage on one winding with reduced power output on the lower low-voltage winding AND maximum available power on the lower voltage of the low-voltage winding limited to 0,85 of the rated power assigned to the low-voltage winding at its higher voltage. |
losses shall be calculated based on the higher voltage of the low-voltage winding |
No correction |
No correction |
|
Dual voltage on one winding with reduced power output on the lower high-voltage winding AND maximum available power on the lower voltage of the high-voltage winding limited to 0,85 of the rated power assigned to the high-voltage winding at its higher voltage. |
losses shall be calculated based on the higher voltage of the high-voltage winding |
No correction |
No correction |
|
Dual voltage on one winding AND full rated power available on both windings, i.e., the full nominal power is available regardless of the combination of voltages. |
The losses shall be calculated based on the higher voltage of the dual voltage winding |
10 % |
15 % |
|
Dual voltage on both windings AND rated power available on all combinations of windings, i.e., both voltages on one winding are fully rated in combination with one of the voltages on the other winding |
the losses shall be calculated based on the higher voltages of both dual voltage windings |
20 % |
20 % |
|
(1)
The losses shall be calculated on the base of the voltage of the winding specified in the second column and can be increased with the correction factors given in the last 2 columns. In any case, whatever the combinations of winding voltages, the losses cannot exceed the values given in Tables I.1, I.2 and I.6 corrected by the factors in this table. |
|||
1.2. Requirements for medium power transformers with rated power > 3 150 kVA
Table I.4: Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) values for liquid immersed medium power transformers
|
Rated Power (kVA) |
Tier 1 (1 July 2015) |
Tier 2 (1 July 2021) |
|
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (%) |
||
|
3 150 < Sr ≤ 4 000 |
99,465 |
99,532 |
|
5 000 |
99,483 |
99,548 |
|
6 300 |
99,510 |
99,571 |
|
8 000 |
99,535 |
99,593 |
|
10 000 |
99,560 |
99,615 |
|
12 500 |
99,588 |
99,640 |
|
16 000 |
99,615 |
99,663 |
|
20 000 |
99,639 |
99,684 |
|
25 000 |
99,657 |
99,700 |
|
31 500 |
99,671 |
99,712 |
|
40 000 |
99,684 |
99,724 |
Minimum PEI values for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.4 shall be calculated by linear interpolation.
Table I.5: Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) values for dry type medium power transformers
|
Rated Power (kVA) |
Tier 1 (1 July 2015) |
Tier 2 (1 July 2021) |
|
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (%) |
||
|
3 150 < Sr ≤ 4 000 |
99,348 |
99,382 |
|
5 000 |
99,354 |
99,387 |
|
6 300 |
99,356 |
99,389 |
|
8 000 |
99,357 |
99,390 |
|
≥ 10 000 |
99,357 |
99,390 |
Minimum PEI values for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.5 shall be calculated by linear interpolation.
1.3. Requirements for medium power transformers with rated power ≤ 3 150 kVA equipped with tapping connections suitable for operation while being energised or on-load for voltage adaptation purposes. Voltage Regulation Distribution Transformers are included in this category.
The maximum allowable levels of losses set out in Tables I.1 and I.2 shall be increased by 20 % for no load losses and 5 % for load losses in Tier 1 and by 10 % for no load losses in Tier 2.
1.4. For the one-to-one replacement of existing medium power pole-mounted transformers with power ratings between 25 kVA and 400 kVA, the applicable maximum levels of load and no-load losses are not the ones in Tables I.1 and I.2, but those in Table I.6 below. Maximum allowable losses for kVA ratings other than those explicitly mentioned in Table I.6 shall be obtained by linear interpolation or extrapolation. The correction factors for special combinations of winding voltages indicated in Tables I.3a and I.3b are also applicable.
For the one-to-one replacement of existing medium power pole-mounted transformers, the manufacturer, importer or authorised representative shall include in the technical documentation of the transformer the following information:
In the above cases, the manufacturer, importer or authorised representative shall notify the competent national market surveillance authorities.
With regard to the installation of new pole-mounted transformers, it is the requirements in Tables I.1 and I.2, in conjunction with Tables I.3a and I.3b where justified, which are applicable.
Table I.6: Maximum load and no-load losses (in W) for medium power liquid immersed pole-mounted transformers
|
|
Tier 1 (1 July 2015) |
Tier 2 (1 July 2021) |
||
|
Rated Power (kVA) |
Maximum load losses (in W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses (in W) (*1) |
Maximum load losses (in W) (*1) |
Maximum no-load losses (in W) (*1) |
|
25 |
Ck (900) |
Ao (70) |
Bk (725) |
Ao (70) |
|
50 |
Ck (1 100 ) |
Ao (90) |
Bk (875) |
Ao (90) |
|
100 |
Ck (1 750 ) |
Ao (145) |
Bk (1 475 ) |
Ao (145) |
|
160 |
Ck + 32 % (3 102 ) |
Co (300) |
Ck + 32 % (3 102 ) |
Co – 10 % (270) |
|
200 |
Ck (2 750 ) |
Co (356) |
Bk (2 333 ) |
Bo (310) |
|
250 |
Ck (3 250 ) |
Co (425) |
Bk (2 750 ) |
Bo (360) |
|
315 |
Ck (3 900 ) |
Co (520) |
Bk (3 250 ) |
Bo (440) |
|
(*1)
Maximum allowable losses for kVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.6 shall be obtained by linear interpolation. |
||||
2. Minimum energy efficiency requirements for large power transformers
Minimum efficiency requirements for large power transformers are set out in Tables I.7, I.8 and I.9.
There may be specific instances where the replacement of an existing transformer, or the installation of a new one, meeting the applicable minimum requirements set out in Tables I.7, I.8 and I.9 would result in disproportionate costs. As general rule, costs can be considered to be disproportionate when the extra transportation and/or installation costs of a Tier 2 or Tier 1, as applicable, compliant transformer would be higher than the net present value of the additional avoided electricity losses (tariffs, taxes and levies excluded) over its normally expected service life. This net present value shall be calculated based on capitalised loss values using widely accepted social discount rates ( 5 ).
In those cases, the following fall-back provisions apply:
As of the date of application of Tier 2 requirements (1 July 2021), when the one-to-one replacement of a large power transformers in an existing site entails disproportionate costs associated to its transportation and/or installation, or is technically infeasible, the replacement transformer is, exceptionally, only required to comply with Tier 1 requirements for the given rated power.
Furthermore, if the cost of installing a replacement transformer complying with Tier 1 requirements are also disproportionate, or where no technically feasible solutions exist, no minimum requirements shall apply to the replacement transformer.
As of the date of application of Tier 2 requirements (1 July 2021), when the installation of a new large power transformer in a new site entails disproportionate costs associated to their transportation and/or installation, or is technically infeasible, the new transformer is, exceptionally, only required to meet Tier 1 requirements for the given rated power.
In these cases, the manufacturer, importer or authorised representative responsible for placing on the market or putting into service the transformer shall:
include in the technical documentation of the new or replacement transformer the following information:
Table I.7
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index requirements for liquid immersed large power transformers
|
Rated Power (MVA) |
Tier 1 (1.7.2015) |
Tier 2 (1.7.2021) |
|
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (%) |
||
|
≤ 0,025 |
97,742 |
98,251 |
|
0,05 |
98,584 |
98,891 |
|
0,1 |
98,867 |
99,093 |
|
0,16 |
99,012 |
99,191 |
|
0,25 |
99,112 |
99,283 |
|
0,315 |
99,154 |
99,320 |
|
0,4 |
99,209 |
99,369 |
|
0,5 |
99,247 |
99,398 |
|
0,63 |
99,295 |
99,437 |
|
0,8 |
99,343 |
99,473 |
|
1 |
99,360 |
99,484 |
|
1,25 |
99,418 |
99,487 |
|
1,6 |
99,424 |
99,494 |
|
2 |
99,426 |
99,502 |
|
2,5 |
99,441 |
99,514 |
|
3,15 |
99,444 |
99,518 |
|
4 |
99,465 |
99,532 |
|
5 |
99,483 |
99,548 |
|
6,3 |
99,510 |
99,571 |
|
8 |
99,535 |
99,593 |
|
10 |
99,560 |
99,615 |
|
12,5 |
99,588 |
99,640 |
|
16 |
99,615 |
99,663 |
|
20 |
99,639 |
99,684 |
|
25 |
99,657 |
99,700 |
|
31,5 |
99,671 |
99,712 |
|
40 |
99,684 |
99,724 |
|
50 |
99,696 |
99,734 |
|
63 |
99,709 |
99,745 |
|
80 |
99,723 |
99,758 |
|
100 |
99,737 |
99,770 |
|
125 |
99,737 |
99,780 |
|
160 |
99,737 |
99,790 |
|
≥ 200 |
99,737 |
99,797 |
Minimum PEI values for MVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.7 shall be calculated by linear interpolation
Table I.8
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index requirements for dry-type large power transformers with Um ≤ 36kV
|
Rated Power (MVA) |
Tier 1 (1.7.2015) |
Tier 2 (1.7.2021) |
|
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (%) |
||
|
3,15 < Sr ≤ 4 |
99,348 |
99,382 |
|
5 |
99,354 |
99,387 |
|
6,3 |
99,356 |
99,389 |
|
8 |
99,357 |
99,390 |
|
≥ 10 |
99,357 |
99,390 |
Minimum PEI values for MVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.8 shall be calculated by linear interpolation
Table I.9
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index requirements for dry-type large power transformers with Um > 36kV
|
Rated Power (MVA) |
Tier 1 (1.7.2015) |
Tier 2 (1.7.2021) |
|
Minimum Peak Efficiency Index (%) |
||
|
≤ 0,05 |
96,174 |
96,590 |
|
0,1 |
97,514 |
97,790 |
|
0,16 |
97,792 |
98,016 |
|
0,25 |
98,155 |
98,345 |
|
0,4 |
98,334 |
98,570 |
|
0,63 |
98,494 |
98,619 |
|
0,8 |
98,677 |
98,745 |
|
1 |
98,775 |
98,837 |
|
1,25 |
98,832 |
98,892 |
|
1,6 |
98,903 |
98,960 |
|
2 |
98,942 |
98,996 |
|
2,5 |
98,933 |
99,045 |
|
3,15 |
99,048 |
99,097 |
|
4 |
99,158 |
99,225 |
|
5 |
99,200 |
99,265 |
|
6,3 |
99,242 |
99,303 |
|
8 |
99,298 |
99,356 |
|
10 |
99,330 |
99,385 |
|
12,5 |
99,370 |
99,422 |
|
16 |
99,416 |
99,464 |
|
20 |
99,468 |
99,513 |
|
25 |
99,521 |
99,564 |
|
31,5 |
99,551 |
99,592 |
|
40 |
99,567 |
99,607 |
|
50 |
99,585 |
99,623 |
|
≥ 63 |
99,590 |
99,626 |
Minimum PEI values for MVA ratings that fall in between the ratings given in Table I.9 shall be calculated by linear interpolation.
3. Product information requirements
From 1 July 2015, the following product information requirements for transformers included in the scope of this Regulation (Article 1) shall be included in any related product documentation, including free access websites of manufacturers:
information on rated power, load loss and no-load loss and the electrical power of any cooling system required at no load;
for medium power (where applicable) and large power transformers, the value of the Peak Efficiency Index and the power at which it occurs;
for dual voltage transformers, the maximum rated power at the lower voltage, according to Table I.3;
information on the weight of all the main components of a power transformer (including at least the conductor, the nature of the conductor and the core material);
For medium power pole mounted transformers, a visible display ‘For pole-mounted operation only’.
For medium and large power transformers only, the information under (a); (c) and (d) shall also be included on the rating plate of the transformer.
4. Technical documentation
The following information shall be included in the technical documentation of power transformers:
manufacturer's name and address;
model identifier, the alphanumeric code to distinguish one model from other models of the same manufacturer;
the information required under point 3;
the specific reason(s) why transformers are considered to be exempted from the Regulation in accordance with Article 1.2.
▼M2 —————
ANNEX II
Measurement methods
For the purpose of compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, measurements shall be made using a reliable, accurate and reproducible measurement procedure, which takes into account the generally recognised state of the art measurement methods, including methods set out in documents the reference numbers of which have been published for that purpose in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Calculation methods
The methodology for calculating the Peak Efficiency Index (PEI) for medium and large power transformers referred to in Tables I.4, I.5, I.7, I.8 and I.9 of Annex I is based on the ratio of the transmitted apparent power of a transformer minus the electrical losses to the transmitted apparent power of the transformer. The calculation of PEI shall use state-of-the-art methodology available in the latest version of the relevant harmonised standards for medium and large power transformers.
The formula to be used for the Peak Efficiency Index calculation is:
Where:
|
P0 |
is the no load losses measured at rated voltage and rated frequency on the rated tap |
|
Pc0 |
is the electrical power required by the cooling system for no load operation, derived from the type test measurements of the power taken by the fan and liquid pump motors (for ONAN and ONAN/ONAF cooling systems Pc0 is always zero) |
|
Pck (kPEI) |
is the electrical power required by the cooling system in addition to Pc0 to operate at kPEI times the rated load. Pck is a function of the load. Pck (kPEI) is derived from the type test measurements of the power taken by the fan and liquid pump motors (for ONAN cooling systems Pck is always zero). |
|
Pk |
is the measured load loss at rated current and rated frequency on the rated tap corrected to the reference temperature |
|
Sr |
is the rated power of the transformer or autotransformer on which Pk is based |
|
kPEI |
is the load factor at which Peak Efficiency Index occurs. |
ANNEX III
Product compliance verification by market surveillance authorities
The verification tolerances defined in this Annex relate only to the verification of the measured parameters by Member State authorities and shall not be used by the manufacturer or importer as an allowed tolerance to establish the values in the technical documentation or in interpreting these values with a view to achieving compliance or to communicate better performance by any means.
Where a model has been designed to be able to detect it being tested (e.g. by recognizing the test conditions or test cycle), and to react specifically by automatically altering its performance during the test with the objective of reaching a more favourable level for any of the parameters specified in this Regulation or included in the technical documentation, or included in any of the documentation provided, the model and all equivalent models shall be considered not compliant.
When verifying the compliance of a product model with the requirements laid down in this Regulation and its Annexes pursuant to Article 3(2) of Directive 2009/125/EC, for the requirements referred to in this Annex, the authorities of the Member States shall apply the following procedure:
The Member State authorities shall verify one single unit of the model. Given the weight and size limitations in the transportation of medium and large power transformers, Member States authorities may decide to undertake the verification procedure at the premises of manufacturers, before they are put into service in their final destination.
The Member State authority can do this verification using its own testing equipment.
If Factory Acceptance Tests (FATs) are planned for such transformers, which will test parameters laid down in Annex I of this Regulation, the Member State authorities may decide to use witnessed testing during these FATs to gather test results which can be used to verify compliance of the transformer under investigation. The authorities may request a manufacturer to disclose information on any planned FATs relevant for witnessed testing.
If the result referred to in point 2(c) is not achieved, the model and all equivalent models shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation. The Member State authorities shall provide all relevant information to the authorities of the other Member States and to the Commission without delay after a decision is taken on the non-compliance of the model.
The model shall be considered to comply with the applicable requirements if:
the values given in the technical documentation pursuant to point 2 of Annex IV to Directive 2009/125/EC (declared values), and, where applicable, the values used to calculate these values, are not more favourable for the manufacturer or importer than the results of the corresponding measurements carried out pursuant to paragraph (g) thereof; and
the declared values meet any requirements laid down in this Regulation, and any required product information published by the manufacturer or importer does not contain values that are more favourable for the manufacturer or importer than the declared values; and
when the Member State authorities test the unit of the model, the determined values (the values of the relevant parameters as measured in testing and the values calculated from these measurements) comply with the respective verification tolerances as given in Table 1.
If the results referred to in point 2(a), (b) or (c) are not achieved, the model and all equivalent models shall be considered not to comply with this Regulation.
The Member State authorities shall provide all relevant information to the authorities of the other Member States and to the Commission without delay after a decision being taken on the non-compliance of the model according to point 3.
The Member State authorities shall use the measurement and calculation methods set out in Annex II.
The Member State authorities shall only apply the verification tolerances that are set out in Table 1 and shall only use the procedure described in points 1 to 4 for the requirements referred to in this Annex. No other tolerances, such as those set out in harmonised standards or in any other measurement method, shall be applied.
Table 1
Verification tolerances
|
Parameters |
Verification tolerances |
|
Load losses |
The determined value shall not exceed the declared value by more than 5 %. |
|
No-load losses |
The determined value shall not exceed the declared value by more than 5 %. |
|
The electrical power required by the cooling system for no-load operation |
The determined value shall not exceed the declared value by more than 5 %. |
ANNEX IV
Indicative Benchmarks
At the time of adoption of this Regulation, the best available technology on the market for medium power transformers was identified as follows:
Liquid-immersed medium power transformers: Ao – 20 %, Ak – 20 %
Dry-type medium power transformers: Ao – 20 %, Ak – 20 %
Medium power transformers with amorphous steel core: Ao-50 %, Ak.
The availability of material to manufacture transformers with amorphous steel core needs further development, before such values of losses can be considered to become minimum requirements in the future.
( 1 ) Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 March 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (OJ L 100, 19.4.1994, p. 1).
( 2 ) Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations. (OJ L 172, 2.7.2009, p. 18).
( 3 ) Cenelec EN 60038 includes in Annex 2B a national deviation in the Czech Republic according to which the standard voltage for the highest voltage for equipment in AC three-phase systems are 38,5 kV instead of 36 kV and 25 kV instead of 24 kV.
( 4 ) The European Commission Better Regulation Toolbox suggest using a value of 4 % for the social discount rate
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/file_import/better-regulation-toolbox-61_en_0.pdf
( 5 ) The European Commission Better Regulation Toolbox suggest using a value of 4 % for the social discount rate
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/file_import/better-regulation-toolbox-61_en_0.pdf