COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) …/...
of 21.12.2022
laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information, and in particular Article 14(1) thereof,
Whereas:
(1)It transpires from Directive (EU) 2019/1024 that an EU-wide list of datasets with a particular potential to generate socio-economic benefits and with harmonised re-use conditions is a significant enabler of cross-border data applications and services.
(2)The main objective of establishing the list of high-value datasets is to ensure that public data of highest socio-economic potential are made available for re-use with minimal legal and technical restriction and free of charge.
(3)Harmonising the implementation of the re-use conditions of high-value datasets entails the technical specification for making the datasets available in a machine-readable format and via application programming interfaces (APIs). Making high-value datasets available under optimal conditions strengthens the open data policies in the Member States, building on the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR principles).
(4)Annex I to Directive (EU) 2019/1024 lays down the themes of high-value datasets by listing six thematic data categories: 1) geospatial; 2) earth observation and environment; 3) meteorological; 4) statistics; 5) companies and company ownership; and 6) mobility.
(5)Following a wide stakeholder consultation and given the result of the impact assessment for this Implementing Regulation, the Commission identified, within each of the six data categories, several datasets of particularly high value and the arrangements for their publication and re-use. The provisions of Union and Member State legislation that go beyond the minimum requirements set out in this Implementing Regulation, in particular in cases of sectoral law, are to continue to apply.
(6)Pursuant to Directive (EU) 2019/1024, the requirement to make high-value datasets available free of charge shall not apply to libraries, including university libraries, museums and archives. Member States may exempt individual public sector bodies, upon their request and in line with the criteria set out in the Directive from the requirement to make high-value datasets available free of charge for a period not exceeding two years from the date of the entry into force of this Implementing Regulation.
(7)Directive (EU) 2019/1024 stipulates in its Article 14(3) that this Implementing Regulation shall provide that the availability of high-value datasets free of charge is not to apply to specific high-value datasets held by public undertakings where that would lead to a distortion of competition in the relevant markets. However, data held by public undertakings are not included in the scope of this Implementing Regulation.
(8)Where making high-value datasets available for re-use entails the processing of personal data, such processing should be carried out in accordance with Union law on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data, in particular Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council and including any provisions of national law further specifying the application of the GDPR. Member States should make use of appropriate methods and techniques (such as generalisation, aggregation, suppression, anonymisation, differential privacy or randomisation), thus making as much data as possible available for re-use.
(9)In addition to Directive (EU) 2019/1024, other Union legal acts, including Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive 2005/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council may be of relevance for the re-use of public sector information falling within the scope of this Implementing Regulation, notably where those Union acts lay down common requirements for data quality and interoperability.
(10)Regarding all thematic categories, especially the category ‘companies and company ownership’, Member States are encouraged to go beyond the minimum requirements with respect to the scope of datasets and arrangements for re-use set out in this Regulation.
(11)Member States should be able to complement the datasets listed in the Annex to this Regulation with public sector information already accessible, whenever such data are thematically related and considered of high value based on the criteria described under Article 14(2) of Directive (EU) 2019/1024When this includes information that constitutes personal data, adding such information to the datasets must be necessary, proportionate and genuinely meet objectives of general interest.
(12)It is the objective of Directive (EU) 2019/1024 to promote the use of standard public licences available online for re-using public sector information. The Commission’s Guidelines on recommended standard licences, datasets and charging for the re-use of documents identify Creative Commons (‘CC’) licences as an example of recommended standard public licences. CC licences are developed by a non-profit organisation and have become a leading licensing solution for public sector information, research results and cultural domain material across the world. It is therefore necessary to refer in this Implementing Regulation to the most recent version of the CC licence suite, namely CC 4.0. A licence equivalent to the CC licence suite may include additional arrangements, such as the obligation on the re-user to include updates provided by the data holder and to specify when the data were last updated, as long as they do not restrict the possibilities for re-using the data.
(13)The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 42(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council and delivered an opinion on 15 July 2022.
(14)The measures set out in this Implementing Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on open data and the re-use of public sector information set out in Article 16 of Directive (EU) 2019/1024,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
Subject matter
(1)This Implementing Regulation establishes the list of high-value datasets belonging to the thematic categories set out in Annex I to Directive (EU) 2019/1024 and held by public sector bodies among the existing documents to which that Directive applies.
(2)This Implementing Regulation also lays down the arrangements for publishing and reusing high-value datasets, in particular the applicable conditions for re-use and the minimum requirements for disseminating data via application programming interfaces (‘APIs’).
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Implementing Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
(1)The definitions set out in Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/1024 shall apply.
(2)The definitions set out for datasets in the geospatial, earth observation and environment and meteorological categories in Directive 2007/2/EC shall apply.
(3)The definitions set out for datasets in the mobility category under Directive 2007/2/EC and Directive 2005/44/EC shall apply.
(4)‘key attribute’ means a characteristic of an object or an entity in a dataset, such as a national identification code or name;
(5)‘granularity’ means the level of detail of the dataset;
(6)‘application programming interface (API)’ means a set of functions, procedures, definitions and protocols for machine-to-machine communication and the seamless exchange of data;
(7)‘bulk download’ means a function that enables a download of an entire dataset in one or several packages.
Article 3
Arrangements for publication applicable to all categories of high-value datasets
(1)Public sector bodies holding high-value datasets listed in the Annex shall ensure that the datasets described or referenced in the Annex are made available in machine-readable formats via APIs corresponding to the reasonable needs of re-users. Where indicated in the Annex, the datasets shall also be made available as a bulk download.
(2)Those public sector bodies referred to in paragraph 1 shall set out and publish the terms of use of the API and the quality of service criteria on its performance, capacity and availability. The terms of use shall be available in a human-readable and machine-readable format. Both the terms of use and the quality of service criteria shall be compatible with the arrangements for the re-use of high-value datasets laid down in accordance with Article 4.
(3)API terms of use shall be accompanied by API documentation in a Union or internationally recognised open, human-readable and machine-readable format.
(4)Public sector bodies referred to in paragraph 1 shall designate a point of contact for questions and issues related to the API with a view to ensure the availability and maintenance of the API and ultimately the smooth and effective publication of the high-value datasets.
(5)Public sector bodies holding high-value datasets listed in the Annex shall ensure that the datasets are denoted as high-value datasets in their metadata description.
Article 4
Arrangements for re-use applicable to all categories of high-value datasets
(1)An exemption granted by a Member State in accordance with Article 14(5) of Directive (EU) 2019/1024 shall be published online, in the same way as the list of public sector bodies referred to in Article 6(3) of Directive (EU) 2019/1024.
(2)To facilitate the availability of datasets for re-use covering longer periods of time, the obligations imposed under this Regulation shall also apply to existing machine-readable high-value datasets created before the date of application of this Regulation.
(3)High-value datasets shall be made available for re-use under the conditions of the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0) or, alternatively, the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence, or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence, as set out in the Annex, allowing for unrestricted re-use. A requirement of attribution, giving the credit to the licensor, can additionally be required by the licensor.
(4)High-value datasets shall be made available in accordance with the arrangements for the publication and re-use as set out in the Annex.
Article 5
Reporting
(1)By 2 years after entry into force of this Implementing Regulation Member States shall provide the Commission with a report on the measures they have carried out to implement this Implementing Regulation. Where appropriate, the information under paragraph 3 can be provided through references to relevant metadata.
(2)Each Member State shall provide an updated version of the report upon the request of the Commission which should be made every 2 years.
(3)The report shall contain the following information:
(a)a list of specific datasets at Member State level (and, where relevant, subnational level) corresponding to the description of each high-value dataset in the Annex to this Regulation and with online reference to metadata that follow existing standards, such as a single register or open data catalogue;
(b)persistent link to the licensing conditions applicable to the re-use of high-value datasets listed in the Annex to this Regulation, per dataset referred to in point a);
(c)persistent link to the APIs ensuring access to the high-value datasets listed in the Annex to this Regulation, per dataset referred to in point a);
(d)where available, guidance documents issued by the Member State on publishing and reusing their high-value datasets;
(e)where available, the existence of data protection impact assessments carried out in accordance with Article 35 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;
(f)the number of public sector bodies exempted in accordance with Article 14(5) of Directive (EU) 2019/1024.
Article 6
Entry into force and application
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 16 months after entry into force of this Regulation.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 21.12.2022
For the Commission
The President
Ursula VON DER LEYEN
1.Geospatial
1.1. Datasets in scope
The geospatial thematic category includes datasets within the scope of the INSPIRE data themes Administrative units, Geographical names, Addresses, Buildings and Cadastral parcels as defined in Annex I and Annex III to Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. In addition, it includes Reference parcels and Agricultural parcels as defined in Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and of Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and the related delegated and implementing acts. Their granularity, geographical coverage and the key attributes are listed in the table below. If datasets are not available at the scale indicated in the table below, but are available at higher spatial resolution(s), they shall be provided at the available spatial resolution.
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Datasets
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Administrative units
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Geographical names
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Addresses
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Buildings
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Cadastral parcels
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Reference parcels
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Agricultural parcels
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Granularity
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All levels of generalisation available with a granularity up to the scale of 1:5000.
From municipalities to countries; maritime units.
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N/A
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N/A
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All levels of generalisation available with a granularity up to the scale of 1:5000.
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All levels of generalisation available with a granularity up to the scale of 1:5000.
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A level of accuracy that is at least
equivalent to that of cartography at a scale of 1:10 000 and,
as from 2016, at a scale of 1:5 000, as referred to in Article 70(1) of Regulation (EU) 1306/2013.
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A level of accuracy that is at least
equivalent to that of cartography at a scale of 1:10 000 and,
as from 2016, at a scale of 1:5000, as referred to in Article 70(1) of Regulation (EU) 1306/2013.
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Geographical coverage
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Single or multiple datasets that shall cover the entire Member State when combined.
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Key attributes
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Unique identifier; Unit type (administrative or maritime unit); Geometry; Boundary status; National identification code;
Identification code of the upper administrative level;
Official name;
Country code;
Name in multiple languages (only for countries with more than one official language) including a language with Latin characters, when feasible.
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Unique identifier; Geometry; Name in multiple languages (only for countries with more than one official language) including a language with Latin characters, when feasible;
Type.
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Unique identifier; Geometry;
Address locator (e.g. house number);
Thoroughfare (street);
name; Administrative units (e.g. municipality, province, country; Postal descriptor (e.g. post code);
Date of last update.
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Unique identifier; Geometry (footprint of the building);
Number of floors;
Type of use.
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Unique identifier; Geometry (boundary of cadastral parcels or basic property units);
Parcel or basic property unit code;
A reference to the administrative unit of lowest administrative level to which this parcel or basic property unit belongs.
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Unique identifier; Geometry (boundary and area);
Land cover;
organic; Stable landscape elements (“EFA-layer”);
areas with natural/specific constraints.
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Unique identifier; Geometry (boundary and area of each agricultural parcel);
Land uses (crops or crop groups);
Organic; Individual landscape element; Permanent grassland.
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1.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use
a)The datasets shall be made available for re-use:
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in a publicly documented, Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format;
-through application programming interfaces (‘APIs’) and bulk download;
-in their most up-to-date version.
b)The metadata describing the datasets within the scope of the INSPIRE data themes shall contain at least the metadata elements set out in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1205/2008.
c)For the implementation of the Reference parcels and Agricultural parcels datasets, Member States shall take into consideration the ongoing implementation of Directive 2007/2/EC as well as the obligation foreseen by Article 67(3) and 67(5) of Regulation (EU) 2021/2116.
2.Earth observation and environment
2.1. Datasets in scope
The earth observation and environmental category includes earth observation, including space-based or remotely-sensed data, as well as ground-based or in situ data, environmental and climate datasets within the scope of the INSPIRE data themes listed in the first table below and defined in Annexes I-III to Directive 2007/2/EC, and datasets produced or generated in the context of the legal acts listed in the second table below. The most up-to-date datasets as well as historical versions of datasets available in machine-readable format at all levels of generalisation available up to the scale of 1:5000 covering the entire Member State when combined are included. If datasets are not available at this scale, but are available at higher spatial resolution(s), they shall be provided at the available spatial resolution.
Furthermore, consistent with and without affecting the relevant access regimes as defined in Directive 2003/4/EC, the earth observation and environmental thematic category includes all “Environmental information”, as defined in Article 2 of Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, and the environmental information listed in Directive 2003/4/EC, Article 7 “Dissemination of environmental information”.
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INSPIRE DATA THEMES (as defined in Annexes to Directive 2007/2/EC)
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Hydrography (I)
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Protected sites (I)
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Elevation (II)
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Geology (II)
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Land cover (II)
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Orthoimagery (II)
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Area management / restriction / regulation zones & reporting units (III)
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Bio-geographical regions (III)
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Energy Resources (III)
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Environmental monitoring Facilities (III)
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Habitats and biotopes (III)
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Land Use (III)
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Mineral Resources (III)
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Natural risk zones (III)
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Oceanographic geograpical features (III)
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Production and industrial facilities (III)
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Sea regions (III)
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Soil (III)
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Species distribution (III)
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ENVIRONMENTAL DOMAIN
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Legal acts laying down the key variables
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Air
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Articles 6-14 of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 7 of Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Climate
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Articles 18(1), 19, 26(2), 39(3) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 26 of Regulation (EC) 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Emissions
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Article 24, 32, 55, 72 of Directive 2010/75/EU,
Article 21 of Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 10 of Council Directive 91/676/EEC,
Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 of the European Parliament and Council,
Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2017/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Nature preservation and biodiversity
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Articles 4, 9, 12 of Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 4, 6, 16, 17 of Council Directive 92/43/EEC,
Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Data for the nationally designated protected areas inventory – (CDDA), National biogeographical regions
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Noise
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Articles 4, 5, 7, 10 of Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Waste
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Article 15 of Council Directive 1999/31/EC,
Article 18 of Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 10 of Council Directive 86/278/EEC,
Articles 15-17 of Council Directive 91/271/EEC,
Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2019/1021/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 15 of Commission Recommendation 2014/70/EU
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Water
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Articles 15-17 of Directive 91/271/EEC,
Article 13 of Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 of Directive 2000/60/EC,
Articles 3-6 of Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 5 of Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 17, 18 of Directive 2020/2184/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 3-8, 10 of Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Articles 6-11, 13, 14, 17-19, 26, 27 of Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Horizontal legislation
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Articles 15, 18 of Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council,
Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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2.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use
a)The datasets shall be made available for re-use:
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in a publicly documented, Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format;
-through APIs and bulk download (for historical versions of datasets: APIs or bulk download, as feasible and appropriate).
b)The metadata describing the data within the scope of the INSPIRE data themes set shall contain at least the metadata elements set out in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1205/2008.
c)The datasets shall be described in a complete and publicly available online documentation describing at least the data structure and semantics.
d)The datasets shall use Union or internationally recognised and publicly documented controlled vocabularies and taxonomies, where available.
3.Meteorological
3.1. Datasets in scope
The meteorological thematic category includes datasets on observations data measured by weather stations, validated observations (climate data), weather alerts, radar data and numerical weather prediction (NWP) model data with the granularity and key attributes listed in the table below.
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Datasets
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Observations data measured by weather stations
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Climate data: validated obser-vations
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Weather alerts
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Radar data
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NWP model data
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Granularity
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Per weather station, full temporal resolution
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Per weather station, full temporal resolution
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Alerts, 48 hrs or more ahead
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Per radar station in the MS and national composite
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Minimum 48 hrs ahead in 1hr steps, national, at 2.5km/best available grid
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Key attributes
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All observation variables measured
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All validated measured observation variables; daily average per variable
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Reflectivity, Backscatter, polarization. Precipitation, wind, and echotops
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Deterministic and/or ensembles if available, for meteorologically relevant parameters and levels
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3.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use
a)The datasets shall be made available for re-use:
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in any of the formats specified in the table below or another Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format;
-through APIs and bulk download except for the dataset ‘NWP model data’ which shall be made available through APIs only;
-pursuant to the update frequency and timeliness specified in the table below.
b)The metadata describing the data set shall be complete and available on the web in an open and widely used machine-readable format.
c)The datasets shall be described in a complete and publicly available online documentation describing at least the data structure and semantics.
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Datasets
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Observations data measured by the weather stations
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Climate data: validated obser-vations
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Weather alerts
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Radar data
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NWP model data
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Format
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BUFR, NetCDF, ASCII,CSV, JSON
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NetCDF, JSON, CSV
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XML (Cap or RSS / Atom), JSON
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HDF5, BUFR
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GRIB (or NetCDF)
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Update frequency and timeliness
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Every 5-10 minutes in real time for automated stations, hourly unvalidated for all stations, for the last 24 hrs
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Daily validated hourly (and better temporal resolution) and daily average observations data; all digitised historical data
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As issued or hourly
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Near real time in 5 minute intervals (or available shortest interval)
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Every 6 hrs, or better temporal resolution, from the last 24 hrs.
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4.Statistics
4.1. Datasets in scope
The statistics thematic category includes statistical datasets except microdata related to reporting obligations as defined in the legal acts listed in the table below.
In order to identify in a complete manner the relevant legal references in the legal acts, for some of the datasets it is necessary to refer to concepts from a number of provisions and Annexes, as presented below in Tables 1-18. For those datasets, the definitions from the legal acts referred to in the table below apply. The legal acts are also applicable where it is indicated so in the footnotes to Tables 1-18.
Time series shall begin no later than at the date of application of the respective legal act listed in the table below.
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Datasets
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Legal acts laying down the key variables of the datasets in scope and their breakdowns
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Industrial production
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Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Table 26 of the Annex to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197
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Industrial producer price index breakdowns by activity
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Table 5 of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197
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Volume of sales by activity
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Table 7 of Annex I of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197
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EU International trade in goods statistics – exports and imports
breakdowns simultaneously by partner, product and flow
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Regulation (EU) 2019/2152
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Tourism flows in Europe (see Table 1 and 2 below for variables in scope)
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Section 2 of Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 692/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Article 1 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1681
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Harmonised Indices of consumer prices
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Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2016/792 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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National accounts – GDP main aggregates
(see Tables 6-7 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, in particular Annex B
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National accounts – key indicators on corporations
(see Table 8 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, in particular Annex B
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National accounts – key indicators on households (see Table 9 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, in particular Annex B
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Government expenditure and revenue
(see Table 10 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, in particular Annex B
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Consolidated government gross debt (see Table 11 and 12 below for variables in scope)
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Chapter I of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2009
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Regulation (EU) No 549/2013
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Environmental accounts and statistics
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Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council
Annex I and II to Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Population, Fertility, Mortality
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Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014
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Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Commission Regulation (EU) No 351/2010
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Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013
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Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014
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Regulation (EU) No 2020/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council
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Population (see Table 3 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013
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Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014
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Regulation (EC) No 862/2007
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Regulation (EU) No 351/2010
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Fertility (see Table 4 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013
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Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014
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Mortality (see Table 5 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013
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Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014
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Commission Regulation (EU) No 328/2011
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Commission Regulation (EU) No 349/2011
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Council Decision 93/704/EC
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Current healthcare expenditure
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Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008
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Annex II to Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/359
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Poverty (see Table 13 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2180
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2181
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2242
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Inequality (see Table 14 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) 2019/1700
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2180
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2181
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2242
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Employment (see Tables 15-16 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) 2019/1700
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2240
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Unemployment (see Table 17 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) 2019/1700
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2240
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Potential labour force (see Table 18 below for variables in scope)
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Regulation (EU) 2019/1700
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2240
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Table 1. Specification for the yearly Tourism flows in Europe high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, = required for Member States where a sufficiently large sample size exists to allow for precise estimates, as set out in the relevant Regulation, = NUTS 2 breakdowns are to be offered as a consequence of NUTS 3 being offered
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Key variables
Breakdowns
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Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments
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Participation in tourism for personal purpose
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Tourism trips made by EU residents
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Tourism nights spent by EU residents
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Tourism expenditure made by EU residents
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Supply side information on domestic and inbound tourism
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Share of the population (15+) that make tourism trips with overnight stays for personal purpose during a given reference year
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Demand side information on domestic and outbound tourism trips
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Demand side information on domestic and outbound tourism nights
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Demand side information on domestic and outbound tourism expenditure
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Country of origin
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– Resident
– non-resident
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Duration of the trip
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– Long
– Short
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Destination country
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– Domestic
– Outbound
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Means of transport
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7 categories
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Means of accommodation
|
7 categories
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Booking modalities
|
Various attributes
|
|
|
|
|
;
|
;
|
;
|
|
Geographical
|
NUTS 2 region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTS 3 region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coastal/non-coastal areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Degree of urbanisation
(3 categories)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
City (selected cities only)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 2. Specification for the monthly Tourism flows in Europe high-value dataset
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments
|
|
|
Supply side information on domestic and inbound tourism
|
|
Country of origin
|
– Resident
– non-resident
|
|
|
Geographical
|
NUTS 2
|
|
Table 3. Specification for the yearly population high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, = required for Member States that meet conditions set out in the relevant Regulation; ⃝ = voluntary
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Population on 1 January
|
Median age
|
Old age dependency ratio
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of people 65+ to people 20-64
|
|
Sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
|
|
|
|
⃝
|
|
|
|
Marital status
|
|
|
|
|
⃝
|
|
|
|
|
Citizenship
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of birth
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Human development index
|
HDI is a regrouping of country of birth and of country of citizenship
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 4. Specification for the yearly fertility high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, = NUTS 2 breakdowns are offered as a consequence of NUTS 3 being offered
|
|
Crude birth rate
|
Fertility rates by mother’s age
|
Total fertility rate
|
|
|
The ratio of the number of live births during the year to the average population in that year.
The value is expressed per 1000 population.
|
The ratio of the number of live births to mothers of age x
to the average female population of age x.
|
Mean number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through and survive her childbearing years conforming to the fertility rates by age of a given year.
|
|
Age
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTS 3
|
|
|
|
Table 5. Specification for the yearly mortality high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: =mandatory, = NUTS 2 breakdowns to be offered as a consequence of NUTS 3 being offered
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Crude death rate
|
Infant mortality rate
|
Life expectancy
|
|
|
The ratio of the number of deaths during the year to the average population in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 population.
|
The ratio of the number of deaths of children under one year of age during the year to the number of live births in that year. The value is expressed per 1000 live births.
|
|
|
Age
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTS 3
|
|
|
|
Table 6. Specification for the yearly National accounts – GDP main aggregates high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, = NUTS 2 breakdowns are to be offered as a consequence of NUTS 3 being offered
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Gross domestic product at market prices
|
Gross value added
|
Final consumption expenditure of households
|
Gross fixed capital formation
|
Compensation of employees
|
Employment
|
Gross national income
|
Net lending/net borrowing of the total economy
|
|
|
Variable B.1*g;.
|
Variable B.1g;
|
Variable P.31_S.14;
|
Variable P.51g;
|
Variable D.1;
|
Variable EMP;
|
Variable B.5g_S.1
|
Variable B.9_S.1
|
|
|
Current prices and volumes, derived growth rates and per capita
|
Current prices
|
Volumes
|
Current prices and volumes
|
Current prices
|
Volumes
|
Current prices
|
Persons
|
Hours worked
|
Current prices, levels and per capita.
|
Balancing item
|
|
Industry
|
NACE Rev. 2
|
|
|
|
(No breakdowns)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(No breakdowns)
|
(No breakdowns)
|
|
Asset type
|
AN_F6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTS 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 7. Specification for the quarterly National accounts – GDP main aggregates high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Gross domestic product at market prices
|
Gross value added
|
Final consumption expenditure of households
|
Gross fixed capital formation
|
Compensation of employees
|
Employment
|
|
|
Variable B.1*g;
|
Variable B.1g;
|
Variable P.31_S.14;
|
Variable P.51g;
|
Variable D.1;
|
Variable EMP;
|
|
|
Current prices and volumes, derived growth rates
|
Current prices and volumes
|
Current prices and volumes
|
Current prices and volumes
|
Current prices
|
Persons and hours worked
|
|
Industry
|
NACE Rev. 2
|
(No breakdowns)
|
|
(No breakdowns)
|
|
|
|
|
Asset type
|
AN_F6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 8. Specification for the yearly National accounts – key indicators on corporations high-value dataset
|
Key variables
|
Gross fixed capital formation of non-financial corporations
|
Gross operating surplus and mixed income of non-financial corporations
|
Total financial sector assets
|
Total financial sector liabilities
|
Net lending/net borrowing of non-financial and financial corporations
|
|
|
Variable P.51g_S.11
|
Variable 9B.2g & B3g)_S.11
|
Variable F.A_S.12
|
Variable F.L_S.12
|
Variables B.9_S.11 and B.9_S.12
|
|
|
Current prices
|
Current prices
|
Current prices, non-consolidated
|
Current prices, non-consolidated
|
Balancing item
|
|
Breakdowns
|
(No breakdowns for this high-value dataset)
|
Table 9. Specification for the yearly National accounts – key indicators on households high-value dataset
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Disposable income of households – gross and net
|
Gross fixed capital formation for households
|
Savings of households, gross
|
Total households sector assets
|
Total households sector liabilities
|
Net lending/net borrowing of households
|
|
|
Variables B.6g_S.14 (gross) and B.6n_S.14 (net)
|
Variable P.51g_S.14
|
Variable B.8g_S.14
|
Variable F.A_S.14
|
Variable F.L_S14
|
Variable B.9_S.14
|
|
|
Current prices, derived in per-capita and real terms per capita
|
Current prices
|
Current prices
|
Current prices, non-consolidated
|
Current prices, non-consolidated
|
Balancing item. Current prices.
|
|
|
Gross disposable income
|
Net disposable income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
(No breakdowns)
|
|
(No breakdowns)
|
Table 10. Specification for the yearly Government expenditure and revenue high-value dataset
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Total general government revenue
Defined in Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, Annex A, 8.100 and Chapter 20 by reference to a list of categories
|
Total expenditure
|
Net lending/ net borrowing of general government (B.9)
|
|
|
|
Defined in Regulation (EU) No 549/2013, Annex A, 8.100 and Chapter 20 by reference to a list of categories
|
Balancing item of government revenue and expenditure
|
|
Dimension
|
Categories
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue category
|
– Market output
– Output for own final use
– Payments for non-market output
– Taxes on production and imports
– Other subsidies on production
– Receivable property income
– Current taxes on income, wealth, etc.,
– Net social contributions
– Other current transfers and capital transfers
|
|
|
(No breakdowns for this key variable)
|
|
Expenditure category
|
– Intermediate consumption
– Gross capital formation
– Compensation of employees
– Other taxes on production
– Subsidies
– Payable property income
– Current taxes on income, wealth, etc.
– Social benefits other than social transfers in kind
– Social transfers in kind - purchased market production
– Other current transfers
– Adjustments for the change in pension entitlements
– Capital transfers and acquisitions less disposals of non-financial non-produced assets
|
|
|
|
Table 11. Specification for the yearly Consolidated government gross debt high-value dataset
|
|
Government gross debt
|
|
|
Government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA 2010): currency and deposits (AF.2), debt securities (AF.3) and loans (AF.4).
|
|
Dimension
|
Categories
|
|
|
Government liability category
|
– Currency and deposits (AF.2)
– Debt securities (AF.3)
– Loans (AF.4)
|
|
Table 12. Specification for the quarterly Consolidated government gross debt high-value dataset
|
Key variable
Breakdown
|
Government gross debt
|
|
|
Government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA 2010): currency and deposits (AF.2), debt securities (AF.3) and loans (AF.4).
|
|
Dimension
|
Categories
|
|
|
Government liability category
|
– Currency and deposits (AF.2)
– Debt securities (AF.3)
– Loans (AF.4)
|
|
Table 13. Specification for the yearly poverty rate high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, ○ = required for Member States that meet conditions set out in the relevant Regulation
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate
|
At-risk-of-poverty rate
|
Severe material and social deprivation rate
|
Material and social deprivation rate
|
People living in households with very low work intensity
|
|
|
Percentage of people at risk of poverty or in severe material and social deprivation or living in a household with very low work intensity
|
Percentage of people living in a household which equivalised disposable income is lower than 60% of the median equivalised national disposable income
|
Percentage of people living in a household that cannot afford at least 7 out of 13 items considered to be desirable or even necessary to lead an adequate life
|
Percentage of people at risk of poverty or in severe material and social deprivation or living in a household with very low work intensity
|
Percentage of people living in a household where the members of working age worked less than 20 % of their total potential during the previous year
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
0-17 18-64 64+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
– Less than primary (level 0)
– Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1-2);
– Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4);
– Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Citizenship
|
|
National/EU/Non EU
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Country of birth
|
|
National/EU/Non EU
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most frequent activity status
|
|
– Employed persons
– Employees
– Employed persons except employees
– Not employed persons
– Unemployed persons
– Retired persons
– Other inactive persons
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income quintile
|
|
1,2,3,4,5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
○
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
○
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
○
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
○
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
○
|
Table 14. Specification for the yearly inequality rate high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
Legend for breakdowns: = mandatory, ○ = required for Member States where this is feasible as set out in the relevant Regulation
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Income quintile share ratio S80/S20
|
Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income
|
|
|
The ratio of total income received by the 20 % of the population with the highest income (top quintile) to that received by the 20 % of the population with the lowest income (lowest quintile)
|
This variable measures the extent to which the distribution of equivalised disposable income after social transfers deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. It is a summary measure of the cumulative share of equivalised income accounted for by the cumulative percentages of the number of individuals. Its value ranges from 0 (complete equality) to 100 (complete inequality).
|
|
Sex
|
Male / female
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
Less than 65 / More than 65
|
|
|
(No breakdowns available for this key variable)
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
○
|
|
Table 15. Specification for the yearly employment high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Employment rate of people aged 20 to 64
|
Percentage of part-time work of people aged 20 to 64
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, …, 55-64 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20-24 years, 25-54 years, 55-64 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
– Less than primary (level 0)
– Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1-2);
– Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4);
– Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 16. Specification for the quarterly employment high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Employment rate of people aged 20 to 64
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, …, 55-64 years
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
– Less than primary (level 0)
– Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1-2);
– Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4);
– Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
|
|
|
|
Table 17. Specification for the yearly unemployment high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Unemployment rate of people aged 15 to 74
|
Long term unemployment rate of people aged 15 to 74
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
15-24 years, 25-54 years, 55-74 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
– Less than primary (level 0)
– Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1-2)
– Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4)
– Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
NUTS 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specification for the quarterly unemployment high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Unemployment rate of people aged 15 to 74
|
Long term unemployment rate of people aged 15 to 74
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
|
15-24 years, 25-54 years, 55-74 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education attainment level
|
ISCED 2011
|
– Less than primary (level 0)
– Primary and lower secondary education (levels 1-2)
– Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education (levels 3 and 4)
– Tertiary education (levels 5-8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Table 18. Specification for the yearly potential labour force high-value dataset
Note: The breakdowns simultaneously indicated in a column should be offered for the crosstabulation of all variables involved.
|
Key variables
Breakdowns
|
Percentage of persons aged 15 to 74 seeking work but not immediately available
|
Percentage of persons aged 15 to 74 available to work but not seeking
|
|
Sex
|
Male/female
|
|
|
|
Age
|
15-24 years, 25-54 years, 55-74 years
|
|
|
4.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use
a)The datasets shall be made available for re-use:
-as frequently as required by the corresponding legislation referred to under 4.1. (e.g. monthly, quarterly, yearly);
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in CSV, XML (SDMX), JSON or another publicly documented, Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format;
-through APIs and bulk download;
b)The metadata describing the data set shall be available as a well-developed structured file containing at least a description of the statistical data, the statistical concepts, methodologies and information on data quality.
c)The datasets shall be described in a complete and publicly available online documentation describing at least the data structure and semantics.
d)Datasets shall use Union or internationally recognised and publicly documented controlled vocabularies and taxonomies, where available.
5.Companies and company ownership
5.1. Datasets in scope
The companies and company ownership thematic category includes datasets containing basic company information and company documents and accounts at individual company level and with the key attributes listed in the table below.
|
Datasets
|
Basic company information: key attributes
|
Company documents and accounts
The descriptions of the datasets and their key attributes shall be understood in accordance with Articles 4, 5, 9-19a, 24, 28-29a, 31, 35, 36, 39, 40, 43 and 48c of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and Articles 4-6 of Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
|
|
|
-Name of the company (full version; alternative names when applicable);
-Company status (such as when it is closed, struck off the register, wound up, dissolved (as well as the date of these events), economically active or inactive as defined in national law);
-Registration date;
-Registered office address;
-Legal form;
-Registration number;
-Member State where the company is registered;
-Activity/activities that are the object of the company, such as the NACE code.
|
-Accounting documents, which include:
oFinancial statements (incl. the list of participating interests, subsidiary undertakings and associated undertakings, their registered office address and proportion of capital held), audit reports.
oNon-financial statements, management reports and other statements or reports.
oAnnual financial reports.
|
5.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use
a)The datasets shall be made available for re-use
-without undue delay after the latest update;
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence, with additional conditions concerning the re-use of personal data where relevant;
-in a Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format (XHTML for documents in the scope of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/815; other formats if and where prescribed by applicable Union law), with complete metadata (for documents in the scope of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1437, the metadata specified in that Regulation, where applicable; for other documents, the metadata prescribed by applicable EU law, if any); machine-readability shall not be imposed to data that are maintained in formats that are not machine readable (e.g. scanned company documents and accounts) or to unstructured/non-machine readable data fields included as part of machine readable documents;
-through APIs and bulk download;
-at individual company level.
b)The datasets shall be described in a complete and publicly available online documentation describing at least the data structure and semantics.
c)The datasets shall use Union or internationally recognised and publicly documented controlled vocabularies and taxonomies, where available, such as the Core Business Vocabulary.
6. Mobility
6.1. Datasets in scope
The mobility thematic category includes datasets within the scope of the INSPIRE data theme ‘Transport networks’ as set out in Annex I to Directive 2007/2/EC, at all levels of generalisation available up to the scale of 1:5000 covering the entire Member State when combined. If datasets are not available at the scale of 1:5000, but are available at higher spatial resolution(s), they shall be provided at the available spatial resolution. The datasets include as key attributes national identification code, geographical position as well as links with cross-border networks, where available.
|
INSPIRE DATA THEME (as defined in Annex I to Directive 2007/2/EC)
|
|
Transport networks
|
For those Member States to which Directive 2005/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council applies, this category also includes the datasets in the table below; the datasets are understood as described in Directive 2005/44/EC.
|
Inland waterways datasets
|
Data type
|
|
·Fairway characteristics
·Long-time obstructions in the fairway and reliability
·Rates of waterway infrastructure charges
·Other physical limitations on waterways
·Regular lock and bridge operating times
·Location and characteristics of ports and transhipment sites
·List of navigation aids and traffic signs
·Navigation rules and recommendations
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Static data
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·Water depths contours in the navigation channel
·Temporary obstructions in the fairway
·Present and future water levels at gauges
·State of the rivers, canals, locks and bridges
·Restrictions caused by flood and ice
·Short term changes of lock and bridge operating times
·Short term changes of aids to navigation
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Dynamic data
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·Waterway axis with kilometres indication
·Links to the external xml-files with operation times of restricting structures
·Location of ports and transhipment sites
·Reference data for water level gauges relevant to navigation
·Bank of waterway at mean water level
·Shoreline construction
·Contours of locks and dams
·Boundaries of the fairway/navigation channel
·Isolated dangers in the fairway/navigation channel under and above water
·Official aids-to-navigation (e.g. buoys, beacons, lights, notice marks)
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Inland electronic and navigational charts (Inland ENC according to the Inland ECDIS Standard)
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6.2. Arrangements for the publication and re-use of transport network datasets:
a)Transport network datasets shall be made available for re-use
-immediately after the latest update;
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in a Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format;
-through APIs and bulk download;
-in their most up-to-date version.
b)The metadata describing transport network datasets shall contain at least the metadata elements defined in Regulation (EC) No 1205/2008.
c)The datasets shall be described in a complete and publicly available online documentation describing at least the data structure and semantics.
d)The datasets shall use Union or internationally recognised and publicly documented controlled vocabularies and taxonomies, where available.
6.3. Arrangements for the publication and re-use of inland waterways datasets
a)Inland waterways datasets shall be made available for re-use
-under the conditions of the Creative Commons BY 4.0 licence or any equivalent or less restrictive open licence;
-in the format defined in Directive 2005/44/EC;
-through APIs and bulk download;
-including the International Ship Reporting Standard (‘ISRS’) location code attribute;
-in accordance with the update frequency and timeliness specified in the table below;
-in the granularity specified in the table below.
b)The metadata describing inland waterways datasets shall be complete and available on the web in a Union or internationally recognised open, machine-readable format.
c)The documentation of inland waterways datasets shall be in accordance with Directive 2005/44/EC and implementing measures and standards based on Directive 2005/44/EC.
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Datasets
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Static
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Dynamic/Urgent
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Electronic Navigational Charts
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Update frequency and timeliness
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When necessary
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Daily to (near) real time
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Every 3 months, in case of changes to the dataset
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Granularity
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Individual waterway kilometre or nautical mile level; waterway hectometre level where applicable
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National waterway network and cross-border nodes
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