ANNEX I

Dimensions and towable masses

1.   DEFINITIONS

1.1.   ‘Length’ means:

—	the length of the tractor measured between the vertical planes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — all mirrors, — all starting handles, — all front or lateral position (side) lamps.

1.2.   ‘Width’ means:

—

the width of the tractor measured between the vertical planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and passing through the outermost points thereof, but excluding: — any mirrors, — any direction indicators, — any front, lateral or rear position (side) lamps; any parking lamps, — any distortion of the tyres caused by the weight of the tractor, — any folding components such as lift-up footrests and flexible mud-flaps.

1.3.   ‘Height’ means:

—	the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the tractor the greatest distance from the ground, excluding the aerial. When this height is determined, the tractor must be fitted with new tyres having the greatest rolling radius specified by their manufacturer.

1.4.   ‘Permissible towable mass’ means:

—

the mass which a type of tractor may tow. It may, for example, consist of one or more trailers towed or agricultural or forestry implements. A distinction is drawn between the technically permissible towable mass stated by the manufacturer and the authorised towable mass as laid down in point 2.2 below.

1.5.   ‘Towing device’ means:

a component on the tractor designed to provide a mechanical link between a tractor and towed vehicle.

1.6.   ‘Unladen mass of tractor in running order (mt)’ means:

the mass defined in point 2.1.1 of Annex I to Directive 2003/37/EC.

1.7.   ‘Technically permissable towable mass(es)’ means:

—	unbraked towable mass,

—	independently braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.12 of Annex I to Council Directive 76/432/EEC (1)),

—	inertia braked towable mass (as defined in point 1.14 of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC),

—	towable mass fitted with hydraulic or pneumatic braking: such braking may be of the continuous, semi-continuous or independent power-operated type (as defined in points 1.9, 1.10 and 1.11, respectively, of Annex I to Directive 76/432/EEC).

2.   REQUIREMENTS

2.1.   Dimensions

The maximum dimensions of a tractor are as follows:

2.1.1.   length: 12 m;

2.1.2.   width: 2,55 m (ignoring any bulging of the part of the tyres that is in contact with the ground);

2.1.3.   height: 4 m.

2.1.4.   The measurements intended to check these dimensions are carried out as follows:

—	with the tractor unladen and in running order as indicated in point 1.6,

—	on a flat horizontal surface,

—	with the tractor stationary and the engine switched off,

—	with the new tyres at the normal pressure recommended by the manufacturer,

—	with doors and windows closed,

—	with the steering wheel in the straight-ahead position,

—	without any agricultural or forestry implement attached to the tractor.

2.2.   Permissible towable mass

The permissible towable mass must not exceed:

2.2.1.1.   the technically permissible towable mass as defined in point 1.7, recommended by the tractor manufacturer;

2.2.1.2.   the towable mass laid down for the towing device pursuant to the EC component type-approval.

2.2.2.   Where a Member State applies Article 2(2), towable mass(es) must be specified on the tractor's registration certificate.

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(1)  Council Directive of 6 April 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the braking devices of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 122, 8.5.1976, p. 1).

ANNEX II

Speed governor and protection of drive components, projections and wheels

1.   SPEED GOVERNOR

1.1.   If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it must be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with Directive 2009/60/EC (1) on maximum design speed.

2.   PROTECTION OF DRIVE COMPONENTS, PROJECTIONS AND WHEELS

2.1.   General

2.1.1.   Drive components, projections and wheels on tractors must be designed, fitted and protected in such a way as to prevent accidents to persons under normal conditions of use.

2.1.2.   The requirements of point 2.1.1 are regarded as being fulfilled if the requirements set out in point 2.3 have been complied with. Solutions other than those described in point 2.3 are authorised if the manufacturer provides proof that they are at least equivalent to the requirements of point 2.3.

2.1.3.   Protective devices must be firmly attached to the tractor. ‘Firmly attached’ means that removal of such devices should be possible only with the aid of tools.

2.1.4.   Cowls, lids and hoods which could cause injury if they are slammed shut must be made in such a way as to preclude their shutting accidentally (e.g. by means of safety devices or suitable mounting or design).

2.1.5.   A single protective device may protect a number of dangerous points. However, if adjustment, maintenance or interference suppression devices — which can be actuated only when the engine is running — are fitted beneath a single protective device, then further protective devices must be fitted.

2.1.6.   Securing devices (e.g. spring clips or flaps)

—	to secure quick-release mounting components (e.g. socket pins), and such components of

—	protective devices which open without the aid of tools (e.g. engine cowl)

must be firmly attached either to the tractor mounting or to the protective device.

2.2.   Definitions

‘Protective device’ means a device intended to protect dangerous parts. Within the meaning of this Directive, protective devices include shields, covers or guards.

2.2.1.1.   ‘Shield’ means a protective device located immediately in front of a dangerous part and which, either on its own or with other parts of the machine, protects on all sides against contact with the dangerous part.

2.2.1.2.   ‘Hood or cowl’ means a protective device located in front of the dangerous part and which protects against contact with the dangerous part on the covered side.

2.2.1.3.   ‘Guard’ means a protective device which, by means of a rail, grille or similar device, provides the necessary safety distance preventing contact with the dangerous part.

‘Dangerous part’ means any point which, owing to the arrangements or design of the fixed or movable part of a tractor, involves a risk of injury. The dangerous parts are, in particular, pinching, shearing, cutting, piercing, penetrating, snatching, entry and attack points.

2.2.2.1.   ‘Pinching point’ means any dangerous point where parts move in relation to each other or to fixed parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched.

2.2.2.2.   ‘Shear point’ means any dangerous point where parts move along each other or along other parts in such a way as may cause persons or certain parts of their bodies to be pinched or shorn.

2.2.2.3.   ‘Cutting, piercing or penetration point’ means any dangerous point where parts, either moving or fixed, sharp-edged, pointed or blunt, may injure persons or certain parts of their bodies.

2.2.2.4.   ‘Snatching point’ means any dangerous point where sharp-edged projections, teeth, pins, screws and bolts, grease nipples, shafts, shaft ends and other parts move in such a way that persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothing may be snatched and pulled along.

2.2.2.5.   ‘Entry or attack point’ means any dangerous point whose parts, by moving, narrow an aperture in which persons, certain parts of their bodies or clothes may be caught.

2.2.3.   ‘Reach’ means the maximum distance which can be reached by persons or certain parts of their bodies upwards, downwards, inwards, above, around or across without the aid of any object (Figure 1).

2.2.4.   ‘Safety distance’ means the distance corresponding to the reach or to the body dimension plus a safety margin (Figure 1).

2.2.5.   ‘Control’ means any device whose direct actuation enables the state or operation of the tractor or of any equipment linked to it to be altered.

2.2.6.   ‘Normal operation’ means the use of the tractor for the purpose intended by the manufacturer and by an operator familiar with the tractor characteristics and complying with the information for operation, service and safe practices, as specified by the manufacturer in the operator's manual and by signs on the tractor.

2.2.7.   ‘Inadvertent contact’ means unplanned contact between a person and a hazard location resulting from the person's action during normal operation and service of the tractor.

2.3.   Safety distances for avoiding contact with dangerous parts

2.3.1.   The safety distance is measured from those points which may be reached to actuate, service and inspect the tractor, and also from ground level. ‘Servicing and inspecting the tractor’ solely means work normally carried out by the driver himself in accordance with the instructions for use. In determining the safety distances the basic principle is that the tractor is in the state for which it has been designed and that no means has been used in order to reach the dangerous part.

Safety distances are set out in points 2.3.2.1 to 2.3.2.5. In certain specific areas or for certain specific component parts an appropriate safety level is provided if the tractor corresponds to the requirements set out in points 2.3.2.6 to 2.3.2.14.

Protection of dangerous points

2.3.2.1.   Upwards

The upward safety margin is 2 500 mm (see Figure 1) in the case of persons standing upright.

2.3.2.2.   Downwards, above

The safety margin for reaching above a barrier is:

a	=	from ground level up to the dangerous point;
b	=	height of barrier or protective device;
c	=	horizontal distance between dangerous point and barrier (see Figure 2).

When reaching both downwards and above the safety distances set out in Table 1 must be maintained.

Table 1

(mm)
a: Distance from ground of dangerous point	Height between barrier and protective device b
	2 400	2 200	2 000	1 800	1 600	1 400	1 200	1 000
	Horizontal distance c from dangerous point
2 400	—	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2 200	—	250	350	400	500	500	600	600
2 000	—	—	350	500	600	700	900	1 100
1 800	—	—	—	600	900	900	1 000	1 100
1 600	—	—	—	500	900	900	1 000	1 300
1 400	—	—	—	100	800	900	1 000	1 300
1 200	—	—	—	—	500	900	1 000	1 400
1 000	—	—	—	—	300	900	1 000	1 400
800	—	—	—	—	—	600	900	1 300
600	—	—	—	—	—	—	500	1 200
400	—	—	—	—	—	—	300	1 200
200	—	—	—	—	—	—	200	1 100

2.3.2.3.   Reach around

The safety margin shown in Table 2 below must, at the minimum, be maintained if the part of the body concerned is not to reach a dangerous point. In applying the safety margin it is assumed that the main body joint concerned is pushed firmly against the edge of the protective device. The safety margins are not considered to have been maintained until one is satisfied that part of the body may quite definitely not advance or penetrate further.

Table 2

Part of the body	Safety distance	Figure
Hand From the first knuckle to the fingertips	≥ 120
Hand From the wrist to the fingertips	≥ 230

Limb	Safety distance	Illustration
Arm From the elbow to the fingertips	≥ 550
Arm From the shoulder to the fingertips	≥ 850

2.3.2.4.   Penetration and reach across

If penetration is possible into or across openings and up to dangerous parts, the minimum safety distances set out in Tables 3 and 4 must be maintained.

Parts which move in relation to one another or moving parts set alongside fixed parts are not regarded as risk factors provided they are no more than 8 mm apart.

Table 3

Safety distances for elongated and parallel openings

a is the smaller dimension of the aperture.

b is the safety distance from danger point

Fingertip	Finger		Hand to ball of thumb	Arm to armpit	—
4 < a ≤ 8	8 < a ≤ 12	12 < a ≤ 20	20 < a ≤ 30	30 < a ≤ 135 maximum	> 135
b ≥ 15	b ≥ 80	b ≥ 120	b ≥ 200	b ≥ 850	—

Table 4

Safety distances for square or circular apertures

a is the aperture/diameter or length of side.

b is the safety distance from danger point.

Fingertip	Finger		Hand to thumb root	Arm to armpit	—
4 < a ≤ 8	8 < a ≤ 12	12 < a ≤ 25	25 < a ≤ 40	40 < a ≤ 250 maximum	250
b ≥ 15	b ≥ 80	b ≥ 120	b ≥ 200	b ≥ 850	—

2.3.2.5.   Safety distances at pinching points

A pinching point is not considered dangerous for the part of the body shown if the safety distances are not less than those set out in Table 5, and if it is ensured that the adjacent, wider part of the body cannot be introduced.

Table 5

Limb	Body	Leg	Foot	Arm	Hand, joint, first	Finger
Safety distances	500	180	120		100	25
Illustration

2.3.2.6.   Controls

The gap between two pedals and the holes through which controls pass are not regarded as being pinching or shearing points.

2.3.2.7.   Rear three-point coupling

2.3.2.7.1.   Behind a plane passing through the median plane of the pivot points of the lifting rods in a three-point coupling system a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts for each point or of the lifting device's travel — but not for the extreme upper and lower positions 0,1 n, together with a distance of 25 mm or a minimum angle of 30° for the parts in shear which cause a change in angularity (see Figure 3). Travel n′, reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends is defined as follows (see Figure 4). Where the lower links are directly activated by the lifting mechanism, the reference plane is determined by the median transverse vertical plane of those links.

2.3.2.7.2.   For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 730, Part 1, of December 1994 while upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n′ corresponds to travel n reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n, and constitutes the vertical distance between A′ and B′.

2.3.2.7.3.   Moreover, within travel n′ a minimum safety margin of 25 mm in relation to the adjacent parts must be maintained around the profile of the lifting rods.

2.3.2.7.4.   If, in the case of a three-point coupling, coupling devices are used which do not require the presence of an operator between the tractor and the implement carried (for example, in the case of a quick coupling), the provisions of point 2.3.2.7.3 do not apply.

2.3.2.7.5.   The operating manual should contain specific information on the dangerous points located at the front of the plane defined in the first sentence of point 2.3.2.7.1.

2.3.2.8.   Front three-point coupling

2.3.2.8.1.   At each point of the lifting unit’s travel n — but not for the extreme upper and lower reaches 0,1 n — a minimum safety margin of 25 mm must be maintained between the moving parts together with a minimum angle of 30° or a safety margin of 25 mm in the case of the change of angularity caused by the parts in shear with each other. Travel n′ reduced by 0,1 n at both its upper and lower ends, is defined as follows (see also Figure 4).

2.3.2.8.2.   For travel n of the hydraulic lifting unit, the extreme lower position A of the coupling point of the lower link is limited by dimension ‘14’ in accordance with ISO Standard 8759, Part 2, of March 1998 while extreme upper position B is limited by the maximum hydraulic travel. Travel n′ is reduced upwards and downwards by 0,1 n and the vertical distance between A′ and B′.

2.3.2.8.3.   If, for the lower links of a front three-point coupling, coupling devices (such as a rapid-action coupling) are used which do not require the presence of a person between the tractor and the implement attached during coupling, the requirements under 2.3.2.8.1 do not apply within the reach of a radius of 250 mm from the points at which the lower links are coupled to the tractor. However, a minimum safety margin of 25 mm from neighbouring parts within the defined travel n′ must in any case be maintained around the outside of the travel rods/cylinders.

2.3.2.9.   Driving seat and environment

When he is in a sitting position, all pinching or shearing points must be out of range of the driver's hands or feet. This requirement is considered to have been met if the following conditions are fulfilled:

2.3.2.9.1.   The driver's seat is at the mid-point in its longitudinal and vertical adjustment range. The driver's reach limit is divided into zones A and B. A central spherical point of these zones is 60 mm in front of and 580 mm above the seat index point (see Figure 5). Zone A consists of a sphere having a diameter of 550 mm while zone B is located between that sphere and a sphere having a radius of 1 000 mm.

2.3.2.9.2.   A safety distance of 120 mm in zone A and 25 mm in zone B is maintained near the pinching and shearing points, whilst a minimum angle of 30° is maintained in the case of shearing parts causing a change in angularity.

2.3.2.9.3.   In zone A, only the pinching and shearing points caused by parts set in motion by an outside energy source must be taken into account.

2.3.2.9.4.   If a dangerous point is due to the presence of structural parts adjacent to the seat, a safety distance of a least 25 mm is maintained between that structural part and the seat. There is no dangerous point between the seat backrest and the adjacent structural parts located behind that backrest if the adjacent structural parts are smooth and the seat backrest itself is rounded in the surrounding area and has no sharp points.

2.3.2.10.   Passenger seat (if any)

2.3.2.10.1.   If parts may constitute a danger for the feet, provision must be made for protective devices within a hemispherical radius of 800 mm starting from the forward edge of the seat cushion and pointing downwards.

2.3.2.10.2.   As described in point 2.3.2.9 (see Figure 6) the dangerous points in zones A and B must be protected within a sphere whose centre is 670 mm above the centre of the front edge of the passenger seat.

Narrow-track tractors (tractors with a track as defined in the second indent of Article 1 of Council Directive 87/402/EEC (2)).

2.3.2.11.1.   In the case of narrow-track tractors, the requirements of point 2.3.2.9 do not apply to the zone situated below a plane inclined at 45° to the rear and transverse to the direction of travel, and passing through a point located 230 mm behind the seat index point (see Figure 7). If there are any dangerous points in this zone, corresponding warnings must be affixed to the tractor.

2.3.2.11.2.   Sections II.1 and II.2 of Annex I to Council Directive 80/720/EEC (3) apply to access to the driver's seat.

2.3.2.11.3.   Section I.6 of Annex I to Directive 80/720/EEC applies to control devices.

2.3.2.11.4.   In front of a reference plane which passes at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and through the centre of the load-free pedal (clutch and/or service brake), very hot exhaust components must be protected if located within 300 mm in the upper zone (700 mm above ground level) and within 150 mm in the lower zone (see Figure 8). Laterally, the area to be protected is limited by the external outline of the tractor and the external outline of the exhaust system.

Very hot exhaust system components passing beneath the entry step must be covered in their vertical projection or otherwise thermally protected.

2.3.2.12.   Layout and marking of flexible hydraulic hoses

2.3.2.12.1.   Flexible hydraulic hoses must be arranged in such a way as to prevent mechanical and thermal damage.

2.3.2.12.2.   Flexible hydraulic hoses must be clearly identifiable and indelibly marked with the following information:

—	the flexible hose manufacturer's mark,

—	manufacturing date (year and month of manufacture),

—	maximum permissible dynamic excess pressure in operation.

2.3.2.12.3.   Flexible hydraulic hoses in the vicinity of the driver's or the passenger's seat must be arranged or protected in such a way that in the event of their failure there can be no danger to any person.

2.3.2.13.   Steering and swing axle

Parts moving in relation to each other or to fixed parts must be protected if they lie within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10.

When articulated steering is fitted, there must be indelible and clear markings within the articulation range on both sides of the tractor, indicating by means of an illustrative sign or in words that remaining within the unprotected range of articulation is not permitted. The corresponding indications must be included in the operating manual.

2.3.2.14.   Transmission shafts fixed on the tractor

Transmission shafts (for example, for four-wheel drive) which can only rotate while the tractor is in motion must be protected if they are located within the zone defined in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10.

2.3.2.15.   Clearance zone around the drive wheels

2.3.2.15.1.   The clearance zones of the wheel guards must meet the following requirements.

2.3.2.15.2.   ‘Clearance zone’ means the space which must remain clear around the tyres of the drive wheels in relation to the adjacent parts of the vehicle.

The clearance zone of the drive wheels, when fitted with largest-size tyres, must correspond to the dimensions set out in the following Figure 9 and Table 6.

Table 6

Standard tractors		Narrow track tractors
a	h	a	h
mm	mm	mm	mm
40	60	15	30

A clearance zone smaller than that illustrated in Figure 9 and Table 6 is permissible in addition to the zones referred to in points 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10 in the case of narrow-track tractors where wheel guards are also used to scrape off earth stuck to the wheels.

2.3.2.16.   Hot surfaces

Hot surfaces which can be reached by the operator during normal operation of the tractor shall be covered or insulated. This applies to hot surfaces which are near to steps, handrails, handholds and integral tractor parts used as boarding means and which may be inadvertently touched.

2.3.2.17.   Battery terminal cover

Non-earthed terminals must be protected against unintentional short-circuiting.

2.4.   Method of determining the seat index point

2.4.1.   General

The method and device used in defining the index point for any type of upholstered seat are described below.

2.4.2.   Definitions

Seat index point (SIP):

Point situated in the vertical median longitudinal plane of the SIP locating device represented in Figure 10 which is placed on the driving seat in accordance with points 2.4.4 and 2.4.6.

The seat index point is established in relation to the vehicle and does not move as a function of the seat adjustments and/or oscillations.

2.4.3.   Device for determining the seat index point (SIP)

The device for determining the SIP must be as shown in Figure 10. The mass of that device is 6 ± 1 kg and its underside must be flat and polished.

2.4.4.   Seat setting for determination of index point (SIP)

Where a seat and its suspension can be regulated, the seat is regulated as follows before the index point is determined:

(a)	all of the adjustments — back/forth, height and rake — must be in their mid-position. If this is not the case, the closest adjustment either above or below the mid-position should be used;

(b)	adjustable suspension must be adjusted in such a way that the suspension is at mid-travel with the locating device in position and loaded. The suspension may be locked mechanically in that position while the index point (SIP) is determined;

(c)	non-adjustable suspension may be locked in the vertical position that is achieved with the locating device in place and loaded;

(d)	if the adjustments mentioned above conflict with the manufacturer's specific instructions, these must be followed in such a way as to obtain the setting recommended for a 75 kg driver.

NB: A 75 kg driver offers an approximation of the locating device in position on the seat and loaded with a mass of 65 kg.

2.4.5.   Determination of the three reference axes x′, y′, and z′ for the SIP

The coordinates must be established as follows:

(a)	location, on one side of the seat mounting, of the attachment hole that is in the most rear position;

(b)	if the axis of this hole is parallel to the pivot axis defined on the device, it is taken as axis y′ (pointing from left to right in relation to a seated driver — see Figure 11);

(c)

if the axis of this hole is parallel to the vertical plane passing through the centre line of the seat, the straight line is taken as axis y′ which runs parallel to the pivot axis referred to and passes through the point of intersection between the supporting plane of the seat and the hole axis referred to above (see Figure 12);

(d)	in all other cases, axis y′ is established in accordance with the parameters relating to the seat being measured;

(e)	axes x′ and z′ are defined as intersections of the horizontal and vertical planes passing through y′ with the vertical plane through the seat centre line. Axes x′ and z′ point forwards and upwards (see Figures 11 and 12).

2.4.6.   Method of determining the seat index point (SIP)

The seat index point (SIP) is determined by using the device shown in Figure 10 and by proceeding in the following manner:

(a)	the seat is covered with a piece of cloth in order to facilitate correct positioning of the device;

(b)	the device is positioned on the seat cushion (without additional mass) by pushing it rearwards against the backrest;

(c)	masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 6 ± 1 kg to 26 ± 1 kg. The centre of vertical force must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(d)	a horizontal force of about 100 N is applied twice to the device on the seat index point, as set out in figure 10;

(e)	other masses are added to bring the total mass of the device from 26 ± 1 kg to 65 ± 1 kg. The centre of the vertical force of the masses added must be 40 mm ahead of the seat index point mark on the horizontal part of the device (see Figure 10);

(f)

on both sides of the seat in two vertical planes, equidistant from the median longitudinal line of the seat, the coordinates, as defined in point 2.4.5, of the intersections of those planes on the axis of the seat index point marked by the device must be measured to ±1 mm. The arithmetical mean values of the measurements taken in the two planes are recorded as SIP coordinates;

(g)	the conditions resulting from the method of determination, and which diverge from the procedure set out in this Annex, or which may be the source of errors as regards their results, may be noted, as may their causes.

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(1)  Directive 2009/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the maximum design speed of and load platforms for wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (Codified version) (OJ L 198, 30.7.2009, p. 15).

(2)  Council Directive 87/402/EEC of 25 June 1987 on roll- over protection structures mounted in front of the driver's seat on narrow-track wheeled agricultural and forestry tractors (OJ L 220, 8.8.1987, p. 1).

(3)  Council Directive 80/720/EEC of 24 June 1980 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the operating space, access to the driving position and the doors and windows of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (OJ L 194, 28.7.1980, p. 1).

ANNEX III A

Windscreen and other glazing Equipment requirements, definitions, application for component type-approval, component type-approval, markings, general specifications, tests and conformity of production

1.   EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

Agricultural and forestry tractors may be equipped as chosen by their manufacturer with:

1.1.1.   windscreens and glass panes other than windscreens covered by the provisions of this Annex;

1.1.2.   windscreens covered by the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens in this Annex, with the exception of the requirements of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C to this Directive (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %).

1.1.3.   rigid plastic glazing is permitted for non-windscreen applications as approved in Council Directive 92/22/EEC (1) or in UNECE Regulation No 43, Annex 14.

2.   DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this Directive:

2.1.   ‘toughened-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of a single layer of glass which has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength and condition its fragmentations after shattering;

‘laminated-glass pane’ means a glass pane consisting of two or more layers of glass held together by one or more interlayers of plastic material; it may be:

2.2.1.   ‘ordinary’, where none of the layers of glass of which it is composed have been treated, or

2.2.2.   ‘treated’, where at least one of the layers of glass of which it is composed has been specially treated to increase its mechanical strength and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;

2.3.   ‘safety glazing coated with plastic material’ means a glass pane as defined in point 2.1 or 2.2 with a layer of plastic material on its inner surface;

2.4.   ‘glass-plastic safety glazing’ means a pane of laminated glass having one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic material at least one of which acts as interlayer. The plastic layers shall be on the inner face when the glazing is fitted on the tractor;

‘group of windscreens’ means a group comprising windscreens of differing sizes and shapes subjected to an examination of their mechanical properties, their mode of fragmentation and their behaviour in environmental resistance tests;

2.5.1.   ‘flat windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting no nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre;

2.5.2.   ‘curved windscreen’ means a windscreen exhibiting nominal curvature resulting in a height of segment exceeding 10 mm per linear metre;

2.6.   ‘double window’ means a set of two panes installed separately in the same opening on the tractor;

‘double glazing’ means a unit composed of two panes permanently assembled in the factory and separated by a uniform gap;

2.7.1.   ‘symmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of the same type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.), and exhibit identical principal and secondary characteristics;

2.7.2.   ‘asymmetrical double glazing’ means double glazing in which the two constituent panes are of a different type (toughened or laminated glass, etc.) or exhibit different principal and/or secondary characteristics;

2.8.   ‘principal characteristic’ means a characteristic which appreciably modifies the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way not without significance to the function which the glass pane is to perform in a tractor. This term also covers the trade name or mark;

2.9.   ‘secondary characteristic’ means a characteristic capable of modifying the optical and/or mechanical properties of a pane of glass in a way which is of significance to the function which the glass pane is intended to perform in a tractor. The extent of such modification is assessed in relation to the indices of difficulty;

2.10.   ‘indices of difficulty’ covers a two-stage grading system applying to the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic. A change from index ‘1’ to index ‘2’ indicates the need for additional tests;

2.11.   ‘developed area of a windscreen’ means the minimum rectangular area of glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured;

‘rake angle of a windscreen’ means the angle included between a vertical line and a straight line passing through the top and bottom extremities of the windscreen, both lines lying in a vertical plane along the longitudinal axis of the tractor.

2.12.1.   Measurement of the rake angle is performed on an unladen tractor standing on level ground.

2.12.2.   Tractors equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground clearance according to load are tested in the normal running conditions specified by the manufacturer;

2.13.   ‘height of segment, h’ means the maximum distance, measured at right angles approximately to the glass pane, separating the inner surface of the pane from a pane passing through the ends of the pane (see Annex III N, Figure 1);

‘type of glass pane’ means a glass pane, as defined in points 2.1 to 2.4, not exhibiting any essential differences in respect, in particular, of the principal and secondary characteristics mentioned in Annexes III D to III L.

2.14.1.   Although a change in the principal characteristics implies that the product is of a new type, it is recognised that in certain cases a change in shape and dimension does not necessarily require a complete set of tests to be carried out. For certain of the tests prescribed in the individual Annexes, glass panes may be grouped together if it is evident that they have similar principal characteristics.

2.14.2.   Glass panes exhibiting differences only as regards their secondary characteristics may be deemed to be of the same type; certain tests may, however, be carried out on samples of such panes if the performance of those tests is explicitly stipulated in the test conditions;

2.15.   ‘curvature, r’ means the approximate value of the smallest radius of arc of the windscreen as measured in the area of maximum curvature.

3.   APPLICATION FOR COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

3.1.   The application for EC component type-approval for a type of glass pane is submitted by the manufacturer of the safety-glass pane or by his duly accredited representative for each type of safety glass. The application may be made in one Member State only.

For each type of safety glass, the application is accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:

a technical description comprising all principal and secondary characteristics; and,

3.2.1.1.   in the case of glazing other than windscreens, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing:

—	the maximum area,

—	the smallest angle between two adjacent sides of the glass pane, and

—	the maximum height of segment, if any;

In the case of windscreens:

3.2.1.2.1.   a list of the models of windscreen for which component type-approval is sought, giving the name of the tractor manufacturers and the type(s) of tractor;

drawings on a scale 1:10 and diagrams of the windscreens and their installation in the tractor in sufficient detail to show:

3.2.1.2.2.1.   the position of the windscreen relative to the R point as defined in point 1.2 of Annex I to Directive 2008/2/EC (2);

3.2.1.2.2.2.   the rake angle of the windscreen;

3.2.1.2.2.3.   the position and size of the zone in which the optical qualities are verified and, where appropriate, the area subjected to differential toughening;

3.2.1.2.2.4.   the developed area of the windscreen;

3.2.1.2.2.5.   the maximum height of segment of the windscreen; and

3.2.1.2.2.6.   the curvature of the windscreen (for windscreen-grouping purposes only);

3.2.1.3.   in the case of double glazing, drawings in a format not exceeding A4 or folded to that format, showing, in addition to the information referred to in point 3.2.1.1:

—	the type of each constituent glass pane,

—	the type of bonding (organic, glass-glass or glass-metal),

—	the nominal thickness of the gap between the two glass panes.

3.3.   In addition, the applicant must submit a sufficient number of test pieces and samples of the finished glass panes of the models considered, the number being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

3.4.   The competent authority must verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of conformity of production before component type-approval is granted.

4.   MARKINGS

4.1.   Every safety-glass pane, including the samples and test-pieces submitted for component type-approval, must bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer. The marking must be clearly legible and indelible.

5.   COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL

5.1.   If the samples submitted for component type-approval meet the requirements of points 5 to 7 below, approval of the pertinent type of safety-glass pane is granted.

5.2.   A component type-approval number is assigned to each type as defined in Annexes III E, III G, III K and III L, or, in the case of windscreens, to each group approved. Its first two digits (at present 00 for Directive 89/173/EEC in its original form) indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to Directive 89/173/EEC as replaced by this Directive at the time of issue of the approval. A Member State may not assign the same number to another type or group of safety-glass panes.

Component type-approval or extension or refusal of approval for a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive is communicated to the Member States by means of a notice prepared in accordance with the model set out in Annex III B to this Directive and its Appendices.

5.3.1.   In the case of windscreens, the EC component type-approval notice must be accompanied by a document listing every windscreen model in the approved group, together with the characteristics of the group, in accordance with Appendix 8 to Annex III B.

In addition to the marking specified in point 4.1, an EC component type-approval mark must be affixed conspicuously to all safety-glass panes and double-glazed units conforming to a type approved under this Directive. Any special component type-approval mark assigned to each pane of a double-glazed unit may also be affixed.

This component type-approval mark consists of:

5.4.1.   a rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted the approval (3);

5.4.2.   the component type-approval number to the right of the rectangle prescribed in point 5.4.1.

The following additional symbols are affixed near the above EC type-approval mark:

5.5.1.   in the case of a windscreen:

I	:	for toughened glass (I/P if faced) (4),
II	:	for ordinary laminated glass (II/P if faced) (4),
III	:	for treated laminated glass (III/P if faced) (4),
IV	:	for glass-plastic glazing;

V

:

in the case of a glass pane other than a windscreen covered by the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C;

VI

:

in the case of a double-glazed unit;

T

:

in the case of windscreens which comply with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, except those coming under the provisions of point 9.1.4.2 of Annex III C (glass panes with a regular light transmittance of less than 70 %). However, in the case of windscreens complying with the requirements for glass panes other than windscreens, the symbol ‘T’ may only be marked after the head-form test defined in point 3.3.2 of Annex III G, the height of drop being 4,0 m + 25/ – 0 mm.

5.6.   The EC component type-approval mark and the symbol must be clearly legible and indelible.

5.7.   The Appendix to this Annex gives examples of component type-approval marks.

6.   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1.   All glass panes, and particularly those intended for the manufacture of windscreens, must be of sufficient quality to reduce the risk of bodily injury as far as possible in the event of the glass shattering. The glass must be sufficiently resistant to the incidents likely to occur in normal traffic, and to atmospheric and temperature conditions, chemical action, combustion and abrasion.

6.2.   Safety glass must in addition be sufficiently transparent, must not cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the windscreen, and must not give rise to any confusion between the colours used in road-traffic signs and signals. In the event of the windscreen shattering, the driver must still be able to see the road clearly enough to be able to brake and stop his tractor safely.

7.   PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS

All types of safety glass must, depending on the category to which they belong, comply with the following particular requirements:

7.1.   as regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III D;

7.2.   as regards uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III E;

7.3.   as regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III F;

7.4.   as regards ordinary laminated-glass panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III G;

7.5.   as regards treated laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III H;

7.6.   as regards safety-glass panes faced with plastic material, in addition to the relevant requirements listed above, the requirements contained in Annex III I;

7.7.   as regards glass-plastic windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III J;

7.8.   as regards glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, the requirements contained in Annex III K;

7.9.   as regards double-glazed units, the requirements contained in Annex III L.

8.   TESTS

The following tests are prescribed:

8.1.1.   Fragmentation

The purpose of this test is:

8.1.1.1.   to verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the pane of glass are such as to minimise the risk of injury, and

8.1.1.2.   in the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shattering.

8.1.2.   Mechanical strength

8.1.2.1.   Ball-impact test

This test takes two forms, one using a 227 g ball and the other a 2 260 g ball.

8.1.2.1.1.   227-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the interlayer in laminated glass and the mechanical strength of uniformly toughened glass.

8.1.2.1.2.   2 260-g-ball test: the purpose of this test is to assess the ball-penetration resistance of laminated glass.

8.1.2.2.   Headform test

The purpose of this test is to verify the glass pane's compliance with requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact of the head against the windscreen, laminated glass or glass-plastic panes other than windscreens, and also double-glazed units used as side windows.

8.1.3.   Resistance to the environment

8.1.3.1.   Abrasion test

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a safety-glass pane to abrasion exceeds a specified value.

8.1.3.2.   High-temperature test

The purpose of this test is to verify that no bubbles or other defects occur in the interlayer in a laminated glass or glass-plastic pane when the latter is exposed to high temperatures over an extended period of time.

8.1.3.3.   Resistance-to-radiation test

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the light transmittance of laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass panes exposed to radiation over an extended period of time is significantly reduced thereby or whether the glazing is significantly discoloured.

8.1.3.4.   Resistance-to-humidity test

The purpose of this test is to determine whether a laminated-glass, glass-plastic or plastic-coated glass pane will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to atmosphere humidity.

8.1.3.5.   Resistance to temperature change

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the plastic material(s) used in safety glazing as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand, without significant deterioration, the effects of prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures.

8.1.4.   Optical qualities

8.1.4.1.   Light-transmission test

The purpose of this test is to determine whether the regular transmittance of safety-glass panes exceeds a specified value.

8.1.4.2.   Optical-distortion test

The purpose of this test is to verify that the distortion of objects as seen through the windscreen is not such as to be likely to confuse the driver.

8.1.4.3.   Secondary-image-separation test

The purpose of this test is to verify that the angular separation of the secondary image from the primary image does not exceed a specified value.

8.1.4.4.   Identification-of-colours test

The purpose of this test is to verify that there is no risk of confusion of colours as seen through a windscreen.

8.1.5.   Fire-resistance test

The purpose of this test is to verify that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 has a sufficiently low burn rate.

8.1.6.   Resistance to chemical agents

The purpose of this test is to determine that the inner face of a safety-glass pane as defined in points 2.3 and 2.4 will withstand the effects of exposure to chemicals likely to be present or used within the tractor (e.g. cleaning compounds) without deterioration.

8.2.   Tests prescribed for glass panes of the categories defined in points 2.1 to 2.4

8.2.1.   Safety-glass panes are subject to the tests listed in the following table:

	Windscreens							Glass panes other than windscreens
	Toughened glass		Ordinary laminated glass		Treated laminated glass		Glass-plastic	Toughened glass	Laminated glass	Glass-plastic
	I	I/P	II	II/P	III	III/P	IV
Fragmentation	D/2	D/2	—	—	H/4	H/4	—	E/2	—	—
Mechanical strength:
227 g ball	—	—	F/4.3.	F/4.3.	F/4.3.	F/4.3.	F/4.3.	E/3.1.	G/4	G/4
2 260 g ball	—	—	F/4.2.	F/4.2.	F/4.2.	F/4.2.	—	—	—	—
Headform test (5)	D/3	D/3	F/3	F/3	F/3	F/3	J/3	—	G/3 (7)	K/3 (7)
Abrasion:
outer face	—	—	F/5.1.	F/5.1.	F/5.1.	F/5.1.	F/5.1.	—	F/5.1.	F/5.1.
inner face	—	I/2	—	I/2	—	I/2	I/2	I/2 (6)	I/2 (6)	I/2
High temperature	—	—	C/5	C/5	C/5	C/5	C/5	—	C/5	C/5
Radiation	—	C/6	C/6	C/6	C/6	C/6	C/6	—	C/6	C/6
Humidity	—	C/7	C/7	C/7	C/7	C/7	C/7	C/7 (6)	C/7	C/7
Light transmission	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.	C/9.1.
Optical distortion	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	C/9.2.	—	—	—
Secondary image	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	C/9.3.	—	—	—
Identification of colours	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	C/9.4.	—	—	—
Resistance to temperature changes	—	C/8	—	C/8	—	C/8	C/8	C/8 (6)	C/8 (6)	C/8
Fire resistance	—	C/10	—	C/10	—	C/10	C/10	C/10 (6)	C/10 (6)	C/10
Resistance to chemicals	—	C/11	—	C/11	—	C/11	C/11	C/11 (6)	C/11 (6)	C/11
NB: A reference such as K/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirements specified.

8.2.2.   A safety-glass pane is granted component type-approval if it meets all the requirements prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to in the above table.

9.   MODIFICATION OR EXTENSION OF APPROVAL FOR A TYPE OF SAFETY-GLASS PANE

All modifications to a type of safety-glass pane, or, in the case of windscreens, all additions of windscreens to a group, must be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of safety-glass pane. The department may then either:

9.1.1.   consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and, in the case of windscreens, that the new type comes within the approved group of windscreens, and that at all events the safety-glass pane still complies with the requirements, or

9.1.2.   require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.

9.2.   Communication

9.2.1.   Confirmation, refusal or extension of component type-approval are communicated to the Member States in accordance with the procedure specified in point 5.3.

9.2.2.   The competent authority which has granted an extension of component type-approval must place a serial number on each communication relating to the extension.

10.   CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

10.1.   Safety glazing granted type-approval under this and the following Annexes must be so manufactured as to conform to the approved type and meet the requirements set out in points 6, 7 and 8.

10.2.   To verify that the requirements of point 10.1 have been met, constant checks must be carried out on production.

The holder of the component type-approval must in particular:

10.3.1.   ensure that procedures exist for controlling the quality of the product,

10.3.2.   have access to the equipment necessary for checking conformity to each approved type,

10.3.3.   record data of test results and make the ancillary documents (8) available for a period to be determined in agreement with the administrative department,

10.3.4.   analyse the results of each type of test to verify and ensure consistency of the product characteristics, allowing for the permissible variations in industrial production,

10.3.5.   ensure that, for each type of product, at least the tests prescribed in Annex III O are carried out, and

10.3.6.   ensure that where any samples or test-pieces show non-conformity with the type of test concerned, further samples are taken and tested.

All necessary steps must be taken to re-establish conformity in the production concerned.

The competent authority may at any time verify the methods for checking conformity applicable to each production unit (see point 1.3 of Annex III O).

10.4.1.   At every inspection, the test data and production records must be presented to the inspector.

10.4.2.   The inspector may take samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined in the light of the results of the manufacturer's own checks.

10.4.3.   Where the quality standard appears unsatisfactory or where it appears necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out under point 10.4.2, the inspector may select samples to be sent to the technical service which conducted the component type-approval test.

10.4.4.   The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Directive.

10.4.5.   The normal frequency of inspection is two per year. If unsatisfactory results are found during any of these inspections, the competent authority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as quickly as possible.

11.   PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

11.1.   Component type-approval granted in respect of a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to this Directive may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down in point 10.1 is not complied with.

11.2.   If a Member State withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it must forthwith notify the other Member States thereof by means of a copy of the component type-approval certificate with ‘COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL WITHDRAWN’ added in large letters at the bottom of the certificate, and signed and dated.

12.   PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED

If the holder of component type-approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of safety-glass pane approved in accordance with this Directive, he must inform thereof the authority which granted the approval. That authority must in turn notify the other Member States thereof, by means of a copy of the compound type-approval notice conforming to the model shown in Annex III B.

13.   NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING COMPONENT TYPE-APPROVAL TESTS AND OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS GRANTING SUCH APPROVAL

Each Member State must communicate to the other Member States and the Commission the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting component type-approval tests and of the administrative departments granting EC component type-approval, to which the component type-approval certificate and certificates indicating refusal or withdrawal of component type-approval issued in the other Member States are to be sent.

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(1)  Council Directive 92/22/EEC of 31 March 1992 on safety glazing and glazing materials on motor vehicles and their trailers (OJ L 129, 14.5.1992, p. 11).

(2)  Directive 2008/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the field of vision and windscreen wipers for wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (Codified version) (OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 30).

(3)  1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 29 for Estonia, 32 for Latvia, 34 for Bulgaria, 36 for Lithuania, 49 for Cyprus and 50 for Malta.

(4)  As defined in point 2.3.

(5)  Furthermore this test must be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to point 3 of Annex III L.

(6)  If coated on the inner side with plastic material.

(7)  This list must be performed with a drop of 4 m + 25/ – 0 mm instead of 1,5 m + 25/ – 0 mm when the panes are used as tractor windscreens.

NB: A reference such as K/3 in the table indicates Annex III K and point 3 of that Annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirements specified.

(8)  Fragmentation test results must be recorded even if no photographic print is required.

ANNEX III B

(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

Communication on

—	EC component type-approval,

—	refusal of component type-approval,

—	extension of component type-approval,

—	withdrawal of component type-approval (1) for a type of safety-glass pane pursuant to Directive 2009/144/EC

EC component type-approval No: … Extension No …

1.   Category of safety-glass pane:

…

2.   Description of glass pane (see Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (1)) and, in the case of windscreens, the list conforming with Appendix 8:

…

…

3.   Trade name or mark:

…

4.   Manufacturer's name and address:

…

…

5.   Name and address of manufacturer's representative where applicable:

…

6.   Submitted for component type-approval on:

…

7.   Technical service responsible for conducting component type-approval tests:

…

8.   Date of test report:

…

9.   Number of test report:

…

10.   Component type-approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn (1):

…

11.   Grounds for extending type-approval:

…

…

…

12.   Remarks:

…

…

…

13.   Place: …

14.   Date: …

15.   Signature: …

16.   A list is attached of the documents comprising the component type-approval file lodged with the administrative department granting the approval; these documents are available on request.

---

(1)  Delete where appropriate.

ANNEX III C

General test conditions

1.   FRAGMENTATION TESTS

1.1.   The pane of glass to be tested must not be rigidly secured; it may however be fastened on an identical glass pane by means of adhesive tape applied all round the edge.

1.2.   To obtain fragmentation, a hammer of about 75 g or some other appliance giving equivalent results is used. The radius of curvature of the point is 0,2 ± 0,05 mm.

1.3.   One test must be carried out at each prescribed point of impact.

1.4.   An examination must be made of the fragments on photographic contact paper, exposure commencing not more than 10 seconds and terminating not more than three minutes after impact. Only the darkest lines, representing the initial fracture, are taken into consideration. The laboratory must keep photographic reproductions of the fragmentation obtained.

2.   BALL-IMPACT TESTS

2.1.   227-g-ball test

2.1.1.   Apparatus

2.1.1.1.   Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 227 ± 2 g and a diameter of approximately 38 mm.

2.1.1.2.   Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ±1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.1.1.3.   Supporting fixture, such as that shown in Figure 1, composed of steel frames, with machined borders 15 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 mm wide and of hardness 50 IRHD.

The lower frame rests on a steel box about 150 mm high. The test-piece is held in place by the upper frame, the mass of which is about 3 kg. The supporting frame is welded on to a sheet of steel about 12 mm thick resting on the floor with an interposed sheet of rubber about 3 mm thick and of hardness 50 IRHD.

2.1.2.   Test conditions

—	Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

—	Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

—	Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.1.3.   Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/– 0 mm.

2.1.4.   Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3°, to the incident direction of the ball.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece for a drop height of 6 m or less, and within 50 mm of the centre of the test piece for a drop height greater than 6 m. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

2.2.   2 260-g-ball test

2.2.1.   Apparatus

2.2.1.1.   Hardened-steel ball with a mass of 2 260 ± 20 g and a diameter of approximately 82 mm.

2.2.1.2.   Device for dropping the ball freely from a height to be specified, or a device for giving the ball a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall. When a device to project the ball is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ±1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

2.2.1.3.   The supporting fixture is as shown in Figure 1 and identical with that described in point 2.1.1.3.

2.2.2.   Test conditions

—	Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

—	Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

—	Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

2.2.3.   Test piece

The test piece must be a flat square of side 300 + 10/– 0 mm or cut out from the flattest part of a windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass.

Alternatively, the whole windscreen or other curved pane of safety glass may be tested. In this case care must be taken to ensure adequate contact between the safety-glass pane and the support.

2.2.4.   Procedure

Condition the test piece at the specified temperature for at least four hours immediately preceding the test.

Place the test piece in the fixture (2.1.1.3). The plane of the test piece must be perpendicular, within 3°, to the incident direction of the ball.

In the case of glass-plastic glazing the test piece is clamped to the support.

The point of impact must be within 25 mm of the geometric centre of the test piece. The ball must strike that face of the test piece which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle. The ball is allowed to make only one impact.

3.   HEADFORM TEST

3.1.   Apparatus

3.1.1.   Headform weight with a spherical or semi-spherical headform made of laminated hardwood covered with replaceable felt and with or without a cross-beam made of wood. There is a neck-shaped intermediate piece between the spherical part and the cross-beam and a mounting rod on the other side of the cross-beam.

The dimensions are in accordance with Figure 2.

The total mass of the apparatus is 10 ± 0,2 kg.

3.1.2.   Device for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be specified, or device for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance on velocity must be ±1 % of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by the free fall.

3.1.3.   Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces. The fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders 50 mm wide, fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and 15 ± 1 mm wide and a hardness 70 IRHD.

The upper frame is held pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts.

3.2.   Test conditions

3.2.1.   Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

3.2.2.   Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

3.2.3.   Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

3.3.   Procedure

3.3.1.   Test on a flat test piece

The flat test piece, having a length of 1 100 + 5/– 2 mm and a width of 500 + 5/– 2 mm is kept at a constant temperature of 20 ± 5 °C for at least four hours immediately preceding the test. Fix the test piece in the supporting frames (3.1.3); tighten the bolts so as to ensure that the movement of the test piece during the test does not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test piece must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight. The weight must strike the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

3.3.2.   Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less than or equal to 1,5 m)

Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width of contact over the whole perimeter being about 15 mm. The support consists of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the windscreen so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface. If necessary, the windscreen is clamped to the support by appropriate means. The support must rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of rubber of hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm.

The surface of the windscreen must be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the headform weight.

The headform weight must strike the windscreen at a point within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the safety glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and be allowed to make only one impact.

The impact surface of the felt cover is to be replaced after 12 tests.

4.   ABRASION TEST

4.1.   Apparatus

4.1.1.   Abrading instrument (1), shown diagrammatically in Figure 4 and consisting of:

—	a horizontal turntable, with centre clamp, which revolves counter-clockwise at 65 to 75 rev/min, and

—	two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely relating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g.

The turntable of the abrading instrument must rotate regularly, substantially in one plane (the deviation from this plane must not be greater than ±0,05 mm at a distance of 1,6 mm from turntable periphery). The wheels must be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite directions so as to exert, twice during each rotation of the test piece, a compressive and abrasive action along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2.

4.1.2.   Abrasive wheels (2), each 45 to 50 mm in diameter and 12,5 mm thick, composed of a special finely screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard rubber. The wheels must have a hardness of 72 ± 5 IRHD, as measured at four points equally spaced on the centre line of the abrading surface, the pressure being applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel and the readings being taken 10 seconds after full application of the pressure.

The abrasive wheels must be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.

4.1.3.   Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour temperature is 2 856 K ± 50 K. The voltage must be stabilised within ± 1/1 000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.

4.1.4.   Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length, ƒ, of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens must not exceed ƒ/20. The distance between the lens and the light source is adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 mm ± 1 mm. This diaphragm must be situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.

4.1.5.   Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of a photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in diameter. The sphere is equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light. The entrance port must be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the light beam. The exit port of the sphere is provided with either a light trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure as described in point 4.4.3 below. The light trap absorbs all the light when no test piece is inserted in the light beam.

The axis of the light beam must pass through the centre of the entrance and exit ports. The diameter, b, of the light-exit port must be equal to 2a · tan 4°, where a is the diameter of the sphere.

The photoelectric cell must be mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by light coming directly from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard.

The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance standard must be of substantially equal reflectance and matt and non-selective. The output of the photoelectric cell must be linear within ±2 % over the range of luminous intensities used.

The design of the instrument must be such that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark. The whole apparatus must be checked at regular intervals by means of calibration standards of defined haze. If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from those defined above, the results must be corrected, if necessary, to bring them into agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above.

4.2.   Test conditions

4.2.1.   Temperature: 20 ± 5 °C.

4.2.2.   Pressure: 860 to 1 060 mbar.

4.2.3.   Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 %.

4.3.   Test pieces

The test pieces must be flat squares whose sides measure 100 mm having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel and if necessary having a fixing hole 6,4 + 0,2/– 0 mm in diameter drilled in the centre.

4.4.   Procedure

The abrasion test is carried out on that surface of the test piece which represents the outside face of the safety-glass pane when the latter is mounted on the vehicle and also on the inward face in the case of a glass pane with a plastic coating.

4.4.1.   Immediately before and after the abrasion, clean the test pieces in the following manner:

(a)	wipe with a linen cloth under clean running water;

(b)	rinse with distilled or demineralised water;

(c)	blow dry with oxygen or nitrogen;

(d)	remove possible traces of water by dabbing softly with a damp linen cloth. If necessary, dry by pressing lightly between two linen cloths.

Any treatment with ultrasonic equipment must be avoided. After cleaning, the test pieces must be handled only by their edges and stored to prevent damage to, or contamination of, their surfaces.

4.4.2.   Condition the test pieces for a minimum time of 48 hours at a temperature of 20 ± 5 °C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 20 %.

4.4.3.   Immediately place the test piece against the entrance port of the integrating sphere. The angle between the normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the test piece and the axis of the beam must not exceed 8°.

Take four readings as indicated in the following table:

Reading	With test piece	With light trap	With reflectance standard	Quantity represented
T1	No	No	Yes	Incident light
T2	Yes	No	Yes	Total light transmitted by test piece
T3	No	Yes	No	Light scattered by instrument
T4	Yes	Yes	No	Light scattered by instrument and test piece

Repeat readings T1, T2, T3 and T4 with other specified positions of the test piece to determine uniformity.

Calculate the total transmittance Tt = T2/T1.

Calculate the diffuse transmittance Td as follows:

Td = (T4 – T3(T2/T1))/T1

Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:

(Td/Tt) × 100 %

Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally spaced points in the unabraded area in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.

For each safety-glass pane, carry out three tests with the same kind. Use the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test piece has been subjected to the abrasion test.

Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four equally spaced points along the track in accordance with the formula above. Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.

4.5.   The abrasion test is to be carried out only at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the test with due regard to the information already at its disposal. Except for glass-plastic materials, in the case of changes in the interlayer or material thickness, for example, further testing is normally not necessary.

4.6.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

No secondary characteristics are involved.

5.   HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST

5.1.   Procedure

Heat to 100 °C three test samples or three test pieces of at least 300 mm × 300 mm taken by the laboratory from three windscreens or three glass panes other than windscreens, as appropriate, one of whose dimensions corresponds to the upper edge of the pane.

Maintain this temperature for a period of two hours, then allow the test sample(s) to cool to room temperature. If the safety-glass pane has both external surfaces of inorganic material, the test may be carried out by immersing the test sample vertically in boiling water for the specified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue thermal shock. If specimens are cut from windscreens, one edge of each such test specimen shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.

5.2.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of the interlayer:	1	2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

5.3.   Interpretation of results

5.3.1.   The test for resistance to high temperature is considered to give a positive result if bubbles or other defects are not formed more than 15 mm from an uncut edge or 25 mm from a cut edge of the test piece or sample or more than 10 mm from any cracks which may occur during the test.

A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval are considered satisfactory from the point of view of the high-temperature resistance test if either of the following conditions is fulfilled:

5.3.2.1.   all the tests give a satisfactory result, or

5.3.2.2.   one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples gives satisfactory results.

6.   RESISTANCE-TO-RADIATION TEST

6.1.   Test method

6.1.1.   Apparatus

6.1.1.1.   Radiation source consisting of a medium-pressure mercury-vapour arc lamp with a tubular quartz bulb of ozone-free type; the bulb axis is vertical. The nominal dimensions of the lamp are 360 mm in length by 9,5 mm in diameter. The arc length is 300 ± 4 mm. The lamp must be operated at 750 ± 50 W.

Any other source of radiation which produces the same effects as the lamp specified above may be used. To check that the effects of another source are the same, a comparison is made by measuring the amount of energy emitted within a wavelength range of 300 to 450 nm, all other wavelengths being removed by the use of suitable filters. The alternative source is then used with these filters.

In the case of safety-glass panes for which there is no satisfactory correlation between this test and the conditions of use it will be necessary to review the test conditions.

6.1.1.2.   Power supply transformer and capacitor capable of supplying to the lamp (6.1.1.1) a starting peak-voltage of 1 100 V minimum and an operating voltage of 500 ± 50 V.

6.1.1.3.   Device for mounting and rotating the test specimens at 1 to 5 rev/min about the centrally located radiation source in order to ensure even exposure.

6.1.2.   Test pieces

6.1.2.1.   The size of the test pieces is 76 mm × 300 mm.

6.1.2.2.   The test pieces are cut by the laboratory from the upper part of the panes in such a way that:

—	in the case of glass panes other than windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces coincides with the upper edge of the panes,

—	in the case of windscreens the upper edge of the test pieces coincides with the upper limit of the zone in which regular transmittance is to be checked and determined in accordance with point 9.1.2.2 of this Annex.

6.1.3.   Procedure

Check the regular light transmittance, determined in accordance with points 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex, of three test samples before exposure. Protect a portion of each sample from the radiation, and then place the sample in the test apparatus 230 mm from and parallel lengthwise to the lamp axis. Maintain the temperature of the samples at 45 ± 5 °C throughout the test. That face of each test sample which would constitute a grazed exterior part of the tractor must face the lamp. For the type of lamp specified in point 6.1.1.1 the exposure time is 100 hours.

After exposure, measure the regular light transmittance again in the exposed area of each sample.

6.1.4.   Each test piece or sample (three in total) is subjected, in accordance with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on each point of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used the same effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of 1 400 W/m2 for 100 hours.

6.2.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of glass	2	1
Colouring of interlayer	1	2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

6.3.   Interpretation of results

The test for resistance to radiation is deemed to have given a positive result if the following conditions are fulfilled:

the total light transmittance measured in accordance with points 9.1.1 to 9.1.2 of this Annex does not fall below 95 % of the original value before irradiation and, in any case does not fall below:

6.3.1.1.1.   70 % in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which must meet the requirements concerning the driver's field of vision in all directions;

6.3.1.1.2.   75 % in the case of windscreens, within the zone in which regular transmittance is to be checked, as defined in point 9.1.2.2 below.

6.3.1.2.   The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after irradiation when examined against a white background, but no other defect may be apparent.

A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to radiation test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

6.3.2.1.   all tests give a satisfactory result, or

6.3.2.2.   one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples gives satisfactory results.

7.   RESISTANCE-TO-HUMIDITY TEST

7.1.   Procedure

Keep three test samples or three test pieces at least 300 mm × 300 mm square vertically for two weeks in a closed container in which the temperature is maintained at 50 ± 2 °C and the relative humidity at 95 % ± 4 % (3).

Test pieces are prepared in such a way that:

—	one edge of each test piece is part of an original edge of the windscreen,

—	should several test pieces be tested at the same time, adequate spacing must be provided between them.

Precautions must be taken to prevent condensation from the walls or ceiling of the test chamber from falling on the test specimens.

7.2.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of interlayer	1	2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

7.3.   Interpretation of results

7.3.1.   Safety-glass panes are deemed to be satisfactory from the point of view of resistance to humidity if no significant change is observed more than 10 mm from the uncut edges or more than 15 mm from the cut edges, following a stay of two hours in the ambient atmosphere by ordinary and treated laminated glass, and of 48 hours in the ambient atmosphere by plastic-coated glass panes and plastic glazing.

A set of test pieces or samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to humidity test if one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

7.3.2.1.   all the tests give a satisfactory result;

7.3.2.2.   one test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples gives satisfactory results.

8.   TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE

8.1.   Test method

Two 300 × 300 mm test pieces are placed in an enclosed chamber for six hours at a temperature of –40 ± 5 °C; they are then placed in the ambient air at a temperature of 23 ±°C for an hour, or until the test piece has reached a stable temperature. They are then placed in an air flow at a temperature of 72 ± 2 °C for three hours. The test pieces are then examined after they have been returned to the ambient air at 23 ± 2 °C and cooled to that temperature.

8.2.   Index of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of plastic interlayer or coating	1	2

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

8.3.   Interpretation of results

The test of resistance to changes in temperature is considered to have given a positive result if the test pieces display no cracking, opacification, exfoliation or other obvious deterioration.

9.   OPTICAL QUALITIES

9.1.   Light transmission test

9.1.1.   Apparatus

9.1.1.1.   Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp having its filament contained within a parallelepiped measuring 1,5 mm × 1,5 mm × 3 mm. The voltage at the lamp filament must be such that the colour temperature is 2 856 K ± 50 K. This voltage is stabilised within ± 1/1 000. The instrument used to check the voltage must be of appropriate accuracy.

9.1.1.2.   Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length of at least 500 mm and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens must not exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source must be so adjusted as to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel.

A diaphragm is inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam to 7 ± 1 mm. This diaphragm is situated at a distance of 100 ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source. The point of measurement is taken at the centre of the light beam.

9.1.1.3.   Measuring equipment. The receiver must have a relative spectral sensitivity in substantial agreement with the relative spectral luminous efficiency for the CIE (Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage) standard photometric observer for photoptic vision. The sensitive surface of the receiver is covered with a diffusing medium and must have at least twice the cross-section of the light beam emitted by the optical system. If an integrating sphere is used, the aperture of the sphere must have a cross-sectional area at least twice that of the parallel portion of the beam.

The linearity of the receiver and the associated indicated instrument must be better than 2 % of the effective part of the scale. The receiver must be situated at the axis of the light beam.

9.1.2.   Procedure

So adjust the instrument indicating the response of the receiver that it indicates 100 divisions when the safety-glass pane is not inserted in the light path. When no light is falling on the receiver, the instrument must read zero.

Place the safety-glass pane at a distance from the receiver equal to approximately five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert the safety-glass pane between the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust its orientation in such a way that the angle of incidence of the light beam is equal to 0° ± 5°. The regular transmittance is measured on the safety-glass pane, and for every point measured the number of divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument, is read. The regular transmittance τr is equal to n/100.

9.1.2.1.   In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied using either a test sample cut from the flattest part of a windscreen or a specially prepared flat square with material and thickness characteristics identical to those of the actual windscreen, the measurements being taken normal (perpendicular) to the glass pane.

9.1.2.2.   The test is carried out in the zone I specified in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex.

9.1.2.3.   In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I as defined in point 9.2.5.2, the test is carried out in zone I′ as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex.

9.1.3.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of the glass	1	2
Colouring of the interlayer (in the case of laminated windscreens)	1	2
	not included	included
Shade and/or obscuration bands	1	2

The other secondary characteristics are not involved.

9.1.4.   Interpretation of results

9.1.4.1.   The regular transmittance measured according to point 9.1.2 in the case of windscreens must not be less than 75 %, and in the case of windows other than windscreens not less than 70 %.

9.1.4.2.   In the case of windows situated at points which are not essential to the driver's field of vision (glazed roof, for example) the regular transmittance factor of the light from the pane may be less than 70 %. Windows having a regular light transmittance factor of less than 70 % must be marked with an appropriate symbol.

9.2.   Optical-distortion test

9.2.1.   Scope

The method specified is a projection method which permits evaluation of the optical distortion of a safety-glass pane.

9.2.1.1.   Definitions

9.2.1.1.1.   Optical deviation: the angle between the true and the apparent direction of a point viewed through the safety-glass pane, the magnitude of the angle being a function of the angle of incidence of the line of sight, the thickness and inclination of the glass pane, and the radius of curvature at the point of incidence.

9.2.1.1.2.   Optical distortion in a direction MM′: the algebraic difference in angular deviation Δα measured between two points M and M′ on the surface of the safety-glass pane, the distance between the two points being such that their projections in a plane at right angles to the direction of vision are separated by a given distance Δx (see Figure 6).

Anti-clockwise deviation is to be regarded as positive and clockwise deviation as negative.

9.2.1.1.3.   Optical distortion at a point M: the optical distortion maximum for all directions MM′ from the point M.

9.2.1.2.   Apparatus

This method entails the projection of an appropriate slide (raster) on to the display screen through the safety-glass pane being tested. The change caused in the shape of the projected image by the insertion of the safety-glass pane in the line of light provides a measure of the distortion. The apparatus comprises the following items, arranged as shown in Figure 9.

Notes:	Δα = α1 – α2,	i.e. the optical distortion in the direction MM′.
	Δx = MC	i.e. the distance between two straight lines parallel to the direction of vision and passing through the points M and M′.

9.2.1.2.1.   Projector, of good quality, with a high-intensity point light source, having for example the following characteristics:

—	focal length at least 90 mm,

—	aperture approximately 1/2,5,

—	150 W quartz halogen lamp (if used without a filter),

—	250 W quartz halogen lamp (if a green filter is used).

The projector is shown schematically in Figure 7. A diaphragm of 8 mm diameter is positioned approximately 10 mm from the front lens.

9.2.1.2.2.   Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular shapes on a dark background (see Figure 8). The slide must be of sufficiently high quality and contrast to enable measurement to be carried out with an error of less than 5 %. In the absence of the safety-glass pane to be examined, the dimensions of the circular shapes must be such that when the circular shapes are projected they form an array of circles of diameter ((R1 + R2)/R1) Δx where Δx = 4 mm (see Figures 6 and 9).

9.2.1.2.3.   Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal scanning, as well as rotation of the safety-glass pane.

9.2.1.2.4.   Checking template, for measuring changes in dimensions where a rapid assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in Figure 10.

9.2.1.3.   Procedure

9.2.1.3.1.   General

Mount the safety-glass pane on the support stand (9.2.1.2.3) at the designated rake angle. Project the test image through the area being examined. Rotate the safety-glass pane or move it either horizontally or vertically in order to examine the whole of the specified area.

9.2.1.3.2.   Assessment using a checking template

Where a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to 20 % is sufficient, calculate the value of A (see Figure 10) from the limit value ΔαL for the change in deviation and the value of R 2, the distance from the safety-glass pane to the display screen:

A = 0,145 ΔαL· R2

The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected image Δd and the change in angular deviation Δα is given by:

Δd = 0,29 Δα · R2

where:

Δd	is expressed in millimetres,
A	is expressed in millimetres,
ΔαL	is expressed in minutes of arc,
Δα	is expressed in minutes of arc, and
R2	is expressed in metres.

9.2.1.3.3.   Measurement using a photoelectric device

Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less than 10 % of the limit value is required, measure Δd on the projection axis, the value of the spot width being taken at the point where the luminance is 0,5 times the maximum spot luminance value.

9.2.1.4.   Expression of results

Evaluate the optical distortion of the safety-glass panes by measuring Δd at any point of the surface and in all directions in order to find Δd max.

9.2.1.5.   Alternative method

In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurements given in points 9.2.1.3.2 and 9.2.1.3.3 is maintained.

9.2.1.6.   The distance Δx must be 4 mm.

9.2.1.7.   The windscreen must be mounted at the same rake angle as on the tractor.

9.2.1.8.   The projection axis in the horizontal plane must be maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.

The measurements are performed in zone I as defined in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex.

9.2.2.1.   In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I as defined in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex, the test is carried out in zone I′, as defined in point 9.2.5.3 of this Annex.

9.2.2.2.   Tractor type

The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a tractor of a type which has a different forward field of vision from that of the tractor type for which the windscreen has already been approved.

9.2.3.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

9.2.3.1.   Nature of the material

Polished (plate) glass	Float glass	Sheet glass
1	1	2

9.2.3.2.   Other secondary characteristics

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

9.2.4.   Number of samples

Four samples must be submitted for testing.

9.2.5.   Definition of the zone of vision of tractor windscreens

The zone of vision is defined on the basis of:

9.2.5.1.1.   the reference point as defined in point 1.2 of Annex I to Directive 2008/2/EC. This point is designated as O below;

9.2.5.1.2.   the straight line OQ which is the horizontal straight line passing through the reference point and perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the tractor;

9.2.5.2.   zone I is the windscreen zone determined by the intersection of the windscreen with the four planes defined below:

P1	—	a vertical plane passing through O and forming an angle of 15° to the left of the median longitudinal plane of the tractor,
P2	—	a vertical plane symmetrical to P1 about the median longitudinal plane of the tractor. If this is not possible (in the absence of a symmetrical median longitudinal plane, for instance) P2 is the plane symmetrical to P1 about the longitudinal plane of the tractor passing through the reference point,
P3	—	a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an angle of 10° above the horizontal plane,
P4	—	a plane passing through the straight line OQ and forming an angle of 8° below the horizontal plane.

9.2.5.3.   In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine zone I, as defined in point 9.2.5.2 of this Annex, zone I′ consists of the whole surface of the windscreen.

9.2.6.   Interpretation of results

A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards optical distortion if, in the four samples submitted for testing, optical distortion does not exceed a maximum value of 2′ of an arc in either zone I or zone I′.

9.2.6.1.   No measurement must be performed within a 100 mm-wide peripheral zone.

9.2.6.2.   In the case of divided windscreens, no measurement is performed within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge of the pane, which may be adjacent to the screen divider.

9.3.   Secondary-image separation test

9.3.1.   Scope

Two test methods are recognised:

—	target test, and

—	collimation telescope test.

These test methods may be used for component type-approval, quality-control or product-evaluation purposes, as appropriate.

9.3.1.1.   Target test

9.3.1.1.1.   Apparatus

This method involves viewing an illuminated target through the safety-glass pane. The target may be designed in such a way that the test can be carried out on a simple go/no go basis.

The target must preferably be of one of the following types:

(a)	an illuminated ring target whose outer diameter, D, subtends an angle of η minutes of arc at a point situated at x metres (Figure 11a); or

(b)	an illuminated ring and spot target whose dimensions are such that the distance, D, from a point on the edge of the spot to the nearest point on the inside of the circle subtends an angle of η minutes of arc at a point situated at x metres (Figure 11b);

where:

η	is the limit value of secondary-image separation,
x	is the distance from the safety-glass pane to the target (not less than 7 m),
D	is given by the formula:

D = x · tan η

The illuminated target consists of a light box, approximately 300 mm × 300 mm × 150 mm, whose front is most conveniently constructed of glass masked with opaque black paper or coated with matt black paint. The box is illuminated by a suitable light source. The inside of the box is coated with matt white paint. It may be convenient to use other forms of target, such as that shown in Figure 14. It is also acceptable to replace the target system by a projection system and to view the resulting images on a screen.

9.3.1.1.2.   Procedure

Mount the safety-glass pane at the specified rake angle on a suitable stand in such a way that the observation is carried out in the horizontal plane passing through the centre of the target.

The light box must be viewed, in a dark or semi-dark room, through each part of the area being examined, in order to detect the presence of any secondary image associated with the illuminated target. Rotate the safety-glass pane as necessary to ensure that the correct direction of view is maintained. A monocular may be used for viewing.

9.3.1.1.3.   Expression of results

Determine whether:

—	when target (a) (see Figure 11a) is used, the primary and secondary image of the circle separate, i.e. whether the limit value of η is exceeded, or

—	when target (b) (see Figure 11b) is used, the secondary image of the spot shifts beyond the point of tangency with the inside edge of the circle, i.e. whether the limit value of η is exceeded.

9.3.1.2.   Collimation telescope test

If necessary, the procedure described in this point is applied.

9.3.1.2.1.   Apparatus

The apparatus comprises a collimator and a telescope and may be set up in accordance with Figure 13. However, any equivalent optical system may be used.

9.3.1.2.2.   Procedure

The collimation telescope forms at infinity the image of a polar-coordinate system with a bright point at its centre (see Figure 14). In the focal plane of the observation telescope, a small opaque spot with a diameter slightly larger than that of the projected bright point is placed on the optical axis, thus obscuring the bright point.

When a test piece which exhibits a secondary image is placed between the telescope and the collimator, a second, less bright point appears at a certain distance from the centre of the polar-coordinate system. The secondary-image separation can be read out as the distance between the points seen through the observation telescope (see Figure 14). (The distance between the dark spot and the bright point at the centre of the polar-coordinate system represents the optical deviation.)

9.3.1.2.3.   Expression of results

The safety-glass pane is first examined by a simple scanning technique to establish the area giving the strongest secondary image. That area is then examined by the collimator telescope system at the appropriate angle of incidence. The maximum secondary-image separation is measured.

9.3.1.3.   The direction of observation in the horizontal plane must be maintained approximately normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.

The measurements are performed according to tractor category in the zones defined in point 9.2.2.

9.3.2.1.   Tractor type

The test must be repeated if the windscreen is to be mounted on a tractor of a type which has a forward field of vision different from that of the tractor for which the windscreen has already been approved.

9.3.3.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

9.3.3.1.   Nature of the material

Polished (plate) glass	Float glass	Sheet glass
1	1	2

9.3.3.2.   Other secondary characteristics

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

9.3.4.   Number of samples

Four samples must be submitted for testing.

9.3.5.   Interpretation of results

A type of windscreen is considered satisfactory as regards secondary-image separation if, in the four samples submitted for testing, separation of the primary and secondary image does not exceed a maximum value of 15′ of an arc.

9.3.5.1.   No measurement must be carried out in a 100 mm-wide peripheral zone.

9.3.5.2.   In the case of divided windscreens no measurement may be performed within a band 35 mm in width, starting from the edge of the pane, which may be adjacent to the screen divider.

9.4.   Identification of colours test

When a windscreen is tinted in the zones defined in point 9.2.5.2 or point 9.2.5.3, four windscreens are tested for identifiability of the following colours:

—

white,

—	selective yellow,

—

red,

—

green,

—

blue,

—

amber.

10.   FIRE-RESISTANCE TEST

10.1.   Purpose and scope of application

This method enables the horizontal burning rate of materials used in the occupant compartment of tractors after exposure to a small flame to be determined. This method permits testing of materials and components of a tractor's interior equipment individually or in combination up to a thickness of 15 mm. It is used to judge the uniformity of production lots of such materials with respect to their burning behaviour. Because of the many differences between the real-world situation (application and orientation within a tractor; conditions of use; ignition source, etc.) and the precise test conditions prescribed herein, this method cannot be considered as suitable for evaluation of all true in-tractor burning characteristics.

10.2.   Definitions

10.2.1.   Burning rate: the quotient of the burnt distance measured according to this method and the time taken to burn that distance.

It is expressed in millimetres per minute.

10.2.2.   Composite material: a material composed of several layers of similar or different materials intimately held together at their surface by cementing, bonding, cladding, welding, etc. When different materials are connected together intermittently (for example, by sewing, high-frequency welding, riveting), then in order to permit the preparation of individual samples in accordance with point 10.5 such materials are not considered as composite materials.

10.2.3.   Exposed side: the side which is facing towards the occupant compartment (passenger compartment) when the material is mounted in the tractor.

10.3.   Principle

A sample is held horizontally in a U-shaped holder and is exposed to the action of a defined low-energy flame for 15 seconds in a combustion chamber, the flame acting on the free end of the sample. The test determines whether and when the flame is extinguished or the time which the flame requires to proceed over a measured distance.

10.4.   Apparatus

10.4.1.   Combustion chamber (Figure 15), preferably of stainless steel, having the dimensions given in Figure 16. The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant observation window, which may cover the entire front and which can be constructed as an access panel.

The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high.

The chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas supply line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see Figure 17) which is placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes without covering any vent hole area.

10.4.2.   Sample holder, consisting of two U-shaped metal plates or frames of corrosion-proof material. Dimensions are given in Figure 18.

The lower plate is equipped with pins and the upper one with corresponding holes, in order to ensure a consistent holding of the sample. The pins also serve as measuring points at the beginning and end of the burning distance.

A support is provided in the form of heat-resistant wires 0,25 mm in diameter spanning the frame at 25 mm intervals over the bottom U-shaped frame (see Figure 19).

The plane of the lower side of samples must be 178 mm above the floor plate. The distance of the front edge of the sample holder from the end of the chamber must be 22 mm; the distance of the longitudinal sides of the sample holder from the sides of the chamber must be 50 mm (all inside dimensions). (See Figures 15 and 16.)

10.4.3.   Gas burner. The small ignition source is provided by a Bunsen burner having an inside diameter of 9,5 mm. It is so located in the test cabinet that the centre of its nozzle is 19 mm below the centre of the bottom edge of the open end of the sample (see Figure 16).

10.4.4.   Test gas. The gas supplied to the burner must have a calorific value of about 38 MJ/m3 (for example natural gas).

10.4.5.   Metal comb, at least 110 mm in length, with seven or eight smooth rounded teeth per 25 mm.

10.4.6.   Stop-watch, accurate to 0,5 second.

10.4.7.   Fume cupboard. The combustion chamber may be placed in a fume cupboard assembly provided that the latter's internal volume is at least 20 times, but not more than 110 times, greater than the volume of the combustion chamber and provided that no single height, width, or length dimension of the fume cupboard is greater than 2,5 times either of the other two dimensions.

Before the test, the vertical velocity of the air through the fume cupboard is measured 100 mm forward of and to the rear of the ultimate site of the combustion chamber. It must be between 0,10 and 0,30 m/s in order to avoid possible discomfort to the operator from combustion products. It is possible to use a fume cupboard with natural ventilation and an appropriate air velocity.

10.5.   Samples

10.5.1.   Shape and dimensions

The shape and dimensions of samples are given in Figure 20. The thickness of the sample corresponds to the thickness of the product to be tested. It must not be more than 13 mm. When sample taking so permits, the sample must have a constant section over its entire length. When the shape and dimensions of a product do not permit taking a sample of the given size, the following minimum dimensions must be observed:

(a)	for samples having a width of 3 to 60 mm, the length must be 356 mm. In this case the material is tested over the product's width;

(b)	for samples having a width of 60 to 100 mm, the length must be at least 138 mm. In this case the potential burning distance corresponds to the length of the sample, the measurement starting at the first measuring point;

(c)	samples less than 60 mm wide and less than 356 mm long, and samples 60 to 100 mm wide and less than 138 mm long, cannot be tested according to the present method, nor can samples less than 3 mm wide.

10.5.2.   Sampling

At least five samples are to be taken from the material under test. In materials having burning rates differing according to the direction of the material (this being established by preliminary tests) the five (or more) samples are to be taken and placed in the test apparatus in such a way that the highest burning rate will be measured. When the material is supplied in set widths, a length of at least 500 mm covering the entire width is cut. From the piece so cut, the samples are to be taken at not less than 100 mm from the edge of the material and at points equidistant from each other.

Samples are to be taken in the same way from finished products when the shape of the product so permits. If the thickness of the product is over 13 mm it must be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical process applied to the side which does not face the passenger compartment.

Composite materials (see point 10.2.2) are to be tested as if they were homogeneous.

In the case of materials comprising superimposed layers of different composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of material included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the passenger compartment are to be tested individually.

10.5.3.   Conditioning

The samples are to be conditioned for at least 24 hours, but no more than 7 days, at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 %, and maintained under these conditions until immediately prior to testing.

10.6.   Procedure

10.6.1.   Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface, and comb twice against the nap using the comb (10.4.5).

10.6.2.   Place the sample in the sample holder (10.4.2) so that the exposed side faces downwards, towards the flame.

10.6.3.   Adjust the gas flame to a height of 30 mm using the mark in the chamber, the air intake of the burner being closed. The flame must burn for at least one minute, for stabilisation, before the first test is started.

10.6.4.   Push the sample holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of the sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas flow.

10.6.5.   Measurement of burning time starts at the moment when the foot of the flame passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propagation on the side (upper or lower) which burns faster.

10.6.6.   Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come to the last measuring point or when the flame is extinguished before reaching that point. If the flame does not reach the last measuring point, measure the burnt distance up to the point where the flame was extinguished. Burnt distance is the part of the sample destroyed, on the surface or inside, by burning.

10.6.7.   If the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has been extinguished, or the flame goes out before reaching the first measuring point, so that no burning time is measured, note in the test report that the burning is 0 mm/minute.

10.6.8.   When running a series of tests or performing repeat tests, make sure before starting a test that the temperature of the combustion chamber and sample-holder does not exceed 30 °C.

10.7.   Calculation

The burning rate, B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula:

B = (s/t) × 60

where:

s	is the burnt distance, in millimetres,
t	is the time, in seconds, taken to burn the distance s.

10.8.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

No secondary characteristics are involved.

10.9.   Interpretation of results

Plastic-coated (2.3) and plastic safety glazing (2.4) are considered satisfactory from the point of view of burning behaviour (fire resistance) if the burn rate does not exceed 250 mm/minute.

11.   TESTING OF RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS

11.1.   Chemical agents to be used

11.1.1.   Non-abrasive soapy solution: 1 % by weight of potassium oleate in de-ionised water.

11.1.2.   Window-cleaning product: aqueous solution of isopropanol and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, each at a concentration of 5 % to 10 % by weight, and of ammonium hydroxyde at a concentration of 1 % to 5 % by weight.

11.1.3.   Non-dilute denatured alcohol: one part by volume of methyl alcohol in 10 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol.

11.1.4.   Reference gasoline mixture of 50 % by volume of toluene, 30 % by volume of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 15 % by volume of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentane and 5 % by volume of ethyl alcohol.

11.1.5.   Reference kerosene: mixture of 50 % by volume of n-octane and 50 % by volume of n-decane.

11.2.   Test method

Two 180 × 25 mm test pieces are each to be tested with chemical agents as provided for in point 11.1, a new test piece being used for each test and product. After each test the pieces are to be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction, and then conditioned for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 %. These conditions are to be maintained during the tests. The test pieces are to be completely immersed in the test liquid for one minute, withdrawn and then immediately dried with a (clean) absorbent cotton cloth.

11.3.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

	Colourless	Tinted
Colouring of the plastic interlayer, or coating	1	2

No secondary characteristic is involved.

11.4.   Interpretation of the results

11.4.1.   The test for resistance to chemical agents is considered to be positive if the test pieces display no softening, stickiness, surface cracking or apparent loss of transparency.

A series of test pieces submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory as regards resistance to chemical agents if one of the following conditions has been met:

11.4.2.1.   all the tests give satisfactory results;

11.4.2.2.   a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must be carried out on a new set of test pieces and give satisfactory results.

---

(1)  A suitable abrading instrument is supplied by Teledyne Taber (United States of America).

(2)  Suitable abrasive wheels may be obtained from Teledyne Taber (United States of America).

(3)  These test conditions exclude any condensation on the test pieces.

ANNEX III D

Toughened-glass windscreens

1.   DEFINITION OF TYPE

Toughened-glass windscreens are deemed to belong to different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteristics.

1.1.   The principal characteristics are as follows:

1.1.1.   the trade name or mark;

the shape and dimensions.

Toughened-glass windscreens are considered as belonging to one or other of two groups for the purposes of the fragmentation and mechanical-properties tests, i.e.:

1.1.2.1.   flat windscreens, and

1.1.2.2.   curved windscreens;

1.1.3.   the thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e’ lies (a manufacturing tolerance of ±0,2 mm being allowed):

— category I:		e ≤ 4,5 mm
— category II:	4,5 mm <	e ≤ 5,5 mm
— category III:	5,5 mm <	e ≤ 6,5 mm
— category IV:	6,5 mm <	e

1.2.   The secondary characteristics are as follows:

1.2.1.   nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),

1.2.2.   colouring (colourless or tinted),

1.2.3.   the incorporation or absence of conductors,

1.2.4.   the incorporation or absence of obscuration bands.

2.   FRAGMENTATION TEST

2.1.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

2.1.1.   Only the nature of the material is involved.

2.1.2.   Float glass and sheet glass are considered to have the same index of difficulty.

2.1.3.   The fragmentation tests must be repeated on transition from polished (plate) glass to float glass or sheet glass, and vice versa.

2.1.4.   The tests must be repeated if obscuration bands other than painted bands are used.

2.2.   Number of samples

Six samples from the smallest-developed-area series and six samples from the largest-developed-area series, selected as prescribed in Annex III M, are to be tested.

2.3.   Different zones of glass

A toughened-glass windscreen must comprise two main zones, FI and FII. It may also comprise an intermediate zone, FIII.

These zones are as defined below:

2.3.1.   zone FI: peripheral zone of fine fragmentation, at least 7 cm wide, all round the edge of the windscreen and including an outer strip 2 cm wide not subjected to assessment;

zone FII: visibility zone of varying fragmentation, always including a rectangular part at least 20 cm high and 50 cm long.

2.3.2.1.   The centre of the rectangle is inside a circle having a radius of 10 cm centred on the projection of the reference point.

2.3.2.2.   In the case of tractors for which it is not possible to determine the reference point, the position of the visibility zone must be indicated in the test report.

2.3.2.3.   The height of the above rectangle may be reduced to 15 cm for windscreens which are less than 44 cm high;

2.3.3.   zone FIII: intermediate zone, not more than 5 cm wide, between zones FI and FII.

2.4.   Test method

The method used is that described in point 1 of Annex III C.

2.5.   Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 2)

2.5.1.   The points of impact are selected as follows:

point 1: in the central part of zone FII in an area of high or low stress;

point 2: in zone FIII, as near as possible to the vertical plane of symmetry of zone FII;

points 3 and 3′: 3 cm from the edges of one median of the sample; when there is a tong mark, one of the breakage points shall be near the edge bearing the tong mark and the other near the opposite edge;

point 4: at the place where the radius of curvature is smallest on the longest median;

point 5: 3 cm from the edge of the sample at the place where the radius of curvature of the edge is smallest, either to the left or to the right.

2.5.2.   A fragmentation test is performed at each of the points 1, 2, 3, 3′, 4 and 5.

2.6.   Interpretation of results

A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation satisfies all the conditions given in points 2.6.1.1, 2.6.1.2 and 2.6.1.3 below.

2.6.1.1.   Zone FI

2.6.1.1.1.   The number of fragments in any 5 × 5 cm square is not less than 40 nor more than 350; however, in the case of a count of less than 40, if the number of fragments in any 10 × 10 cm square containing the 5 × 5 cm square is not less than 160, this is acceptable.

2.6.1.1.2.   For the purposes of the above rule, a fragment extending across a side of a square counts as half a fragment.

2.6.1.1.3.   Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass, nor within a radius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.

2.6.1.1.4.   A maximum of three fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm2 is allowed. No two of these fragments must be contained within the same 10 cm diameter circle.

2.6.1.1.5.   Elongated fragments may be permitted provided that their ends are not knife-edged and that their length does not exceed 7,5 cm, except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2 below. If these elongated fragments extend to the edge of the glass, they must not form an angle of more than 45° with it.

2.6.1.2.   Zone FII

2.6.1.2.1.   The residual visibility after shattering is checked in the rectangular area defined in point 2.3.2. In that rectangle the aggregate surface area of the fragments of more than 2 cm2 must represent not less than 15 % of the area of the rectangle; however, in the case of windscreens less than 44 cm high, or whose angle of installation is less than 15° from the vertical, the visibility percentage must be equal to 10 % at least of the surface of the corresponding rectangle.

2.6.1.2.2.   No fragment must have an area of more than 16 cm2 except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2.

2.6.1.2.3.   Within a radius of 10 cm from the point of impact, but only in that part of the circle which is included in zone FII, three fragments having an area of more than 16 cm2 but less than 25 cm2 are allowed.

Fragments must be substantially regular in shape and free from points of the type described in point 2.6.1.2.4.1. However, not more than 10 irregular fragments are allowed in any 50 × 20 cm rectangle and not more than 25 over the whole surface of the windscreen.

No such fragment must present a point more than 35 mm long measured in accordance with point 2.6.1.2.4.1.

2.6.1.2.4.1.   A fragment is considered as an irregular fragment if it cannot be inscribed in a circle of 40 mm in diameter, if it has at least one point more than 15 mm long when measured from the top of the point to the section whose width is equal to the glazing thickness, and if it has one or more points having a top angle smaller than 40°.

2.6.1.2.5.   Fragments of elongated shape are allowed in zone FII as a whole, provided they do not exceed 10 cm in length, except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2.

2.6.1.3.   Zone FIII

Fragmentation in this zone must have characteristics intermediate between those of the fragmentations respectively allowed for the two neighbouring zones (FI and FII).

A windscreen submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

2.6.2.1.   when all the tests carried out using the points of impact defined in point 2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;

2.6.2.2.   when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 has given an unsatisfactory result, taking account of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:

zone FI: not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 15 cm long;

zone FII: not more than three fragments of between 16 and 20 cm2 in area located outside the circle having a radius of 10 cm centred on the point of impact;

zone FIII: not more than four fragments between 10 and 17,5 cm long,

and is repeated on a new sample, which either conforms to the requirements of point 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the above specified limits.

2.6.2.3.   when two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory result for deviations not exceeding the limits specified in point 2.6.2.2 and a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples conforms to the requirements of point 2.6.1, or not more than two samples of the new set present deviations within the above specified limits of point 2.6.2.2.

2.6.3.   If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in the test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the windscreen attached to the report.

3.   HEADFORM TEST

3.1.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

No secondary characteristic is involved.

3.2.   Number of samples

3.2.1.   For each group of toughened-glass windscreens, four samples having approximately the smallest developed area and four samples having approximately the largest developed area, all eight samples being of the same types as those selected for the fragmentation tests (see point 2.2) are subjected to testing.

3.2.2.   Alternatively, at the discretion of the laboratory conducting the tests, for each category of windscreen thickness, six test pieces of the dimension (1 100 × 500 mm) + 5/– 2 mm are subjected to testing.

3.3.   Test method

3.3.1.   The method used is that described in point 3 of Annex III C.

3.3.2.   The height of drop is 1,50 m + 0/– 5 mm.

3.4.   Interpretation of results

3.4.1.   The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the windscreen or the test piece is fractured.

A set of samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of the headform test if either of the two following conditions is fulfilled:

3.4.2.1.   all the tests have given a satisfactory result;

3.4.2.2.   a test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests must be carried out on a new set of samples and give satisfactory results.

4.   OPTICAL QUALITIES

The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in point 9 of Annex III C apply to every type of windscreen.

ANNEX III E

Uniformly toughened glass panes other than windscreens (1)

1.   DEFINITION OF TYPE

Uniformly toughened glass panes are deemed to belong to different types if they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteristics.

1.1.   The principal characteristics are as follows:

1.1.1.   the trade name or mark;

1.1.2.   the nature of the toughening process (thermal or chemical);

the shape category; two categories are distinguished:

1.1.3.1.   flat glass panes,

1.1.3.2.   flat and curved glass panes;

1.1.4.   the thickness category in which the nominal thickness ‘e’ lies (a manufacturing tolerance of ±0,2 mm being allowed):

— category I:		e ≤ 3,5 mm
— category II:	3,5 mm <	e ≤ 4,5 mm
— category III:	4,5 mm <	e ≤ 6,5 mm
— category IV:	6,5 mm <	e

1.2.   The secondary characteristics are as follows:

1.2.1.   nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),

1.2.2.   colouring (colourless or tinted),

1.2.3.   the incorporation or absence of conductors.

2.   FRAGMENTATION TEST

2.1.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

Material	Index of difficulty
Plate glass	2
Float glass	1
Sheet glass	1

No other secondary characteristics are involved.

2.2.   Selection of samples

Samples of each shape category and of each thickness category difficult to produce are selected according to the following criteria for testing:

in the case of flat glass panes, two sets of samples are provided, corresponding to:

2.2.1.1.1.   the largest developed area,

2.2.1.1.2.   the smallest angle between two adjacent sides;

in the case of flat and curved glass panes, three sets of samples are provided, corresponding to:

2.2.1.2.1.   the largest developed area,

2.2.1.2.2.   the smallest angle between two adjacent sides,

2.2.1.2.3.   the largest height of segment.

2.2.2.   Tests carried out on samples corresponding to the largest area, S, are considered to be applicable to any other area smaller than S + 5 %.

2.2.3.   If the samples submitted present an angle, γ, smaller than 30°, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced having an angle greater than γ – 5°.

If the samples submitted present an angle, γ, greater than or equal to 30°, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced having an angle equal to or greater than 30°.

2.2.4.   If the height of segment, h, of the samples submitted is greater than 100 mm, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes produced having a height of segment smaller than h + 30 mm.

If the height of segment of the samples submitted is less than or equal to 100 mm, the tests are considered as applicable to all glass panes having a height of segment less than or equal to 100 mm.

2.3.   Number of samples per set

The number of samples in each group shall be as follows, according to the shape category defined in point 1.1.3 above:

Kind of glass pane	Number of samples
Flat (two sets)	4
Flat and curved (three sets)	5

2.4.   Test method

2.4.1.   The method used is that described in point 1 of Annex III C.

2.5.   Points of impact (see Annex III N, Figure 3)

2.5.1.   For flat glass panes and curved glass panes the points of impact represented respectively in Annex III N, Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) on the one hand, and in Annex III N, Figure 3 (c) on the other hand, are as follows:

point 1: 3 cm from the edges of the glass pane in the part where the radius of curvature of the edge is smallest;

point 2: 3 cm from the edge of one of the medians, the side (if any) of the glass pane bearing tong marks being selected;

point 3: in the geometric centre of the glass;

point 4: for curved glass panes only; this point is selected on the largest median in that part of the pane where the radius of curvature is smallest.

2.5.2.   Only one test is carried out at each prescribed point of impact.

2.6.   Interpretation of results

A test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if fragmentation satisfies the following conditions:

2.6.1.1.   the number of fragments in any 5 × 5 cm2 square is not less than 40 or more than 400, or, in the case of glazing not more than 3,5 mm thick, 450.

2.6.1.2.   For the purpose of the above rule, a fragment extending across a side of a square counts as half a fragment.

2.6.1.3.   Fragmentation is not checked in a strip 2 cm wide round the edge of the samples, this strip representing the frame of the glass; nor within a radius of 7,5 cm from the point of impact.

2.6.1.4.   Fragments of an area exceeding 3 cm2 are not allowed except in the parts defined in point 2.6.1.3.

2.6.1.5.   A few fragments of elongated shape are allowed, provided that:

—	their ends are not knife-edged,

—	if they extend to the edge of the glass pane they do not form an angle of more than 45° with it,

and if, except in the case provided for in point 2.6.2.2 below, their length does not exceed 7,5 cm.

A set of samples submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

2.6.2.1.   when all tests carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given a satisfactory result;

2.6.2.2.   when one test among all those carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point 2.5.1. has given an unsatisfactory result, taking account of deviations which do not exceed the following limits:

—	not more than five fragments between 6 and 7,5 cm long,

—	not more than five fragments between 7,5 and 10 cm long,

and is repeated on a new sample which either conforms to the requirements of point 2.6.1 or presents deviations within the above specified limits.

2.6.2.3.   When two tests among all the tests carried out using the points of impact prescribed in point 2.5.1 have given an unsatisfactory result, taking account of deviations not exceeding the limits specified in point 2.6.2.2, and a further series of tests carried out on a new set of samples conforms to the prescriptions of point 2.6.1. or not more than two samples of the new set present deviations within the above specified limits of point 2.6.2.2.

2.6.3.   If the abovementioned deviations are found, they must be noted in the test report and photographs of the relevant parts of the glass pane attached to the report.

3.   MECHANICAL STRENGTH TEST

3.1.   227-g-ball test

3.1.1.   Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics

Material	Index of difficulty	Colouring	Index of difficulty
Polished glass	2	colourless	1
Float glass	1	tinted	2
Sheet glass	1

The other secondary characteristic (namely, incorporation or absence of conductors) is not involved.

3.1.2.   Number of test pieces

Six test pieces are subjected to testing for each thickness category defined in point 1.1.4 above.

3.1.3.   Test method

3.1.3.1.   The test method used is that described in point 2.1 of Annex III C.

3.1.3.2.   The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper surface of the test piece) is indicated in the following table, according to thickness of the glass pane:

Nominal thickness of glass pane (e)	Height of drop
e ≤ 3,5 mm	2,0 m + 5 / – 0 mm
3,5 mm < e	2,5 m + 5 / – 0 mm

3.1.4.   Interpretation of results

3.1.4.1.   The test is deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the test piece does not break.

A set of test pieces submitted for component type-approval is considered satisfactory from the point of view of mechanical strength if at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

3.1.4.2.1.   when not more than one test has given an unsatisfactory result,

3.1.4.2.2.   when two tests having given unsatisfactory results, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of six test pieces gives satisfactory results.

4.   OPTICAL QUALITIES

4.1.   Light transmittance

The requirements concerning regular light transmittance set out in point 9.1 of Annex III C apply to uniformly toughened glass panes or parts of glass panes located at places which are essential to the driver's vision.

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(1)  This type of uniformly toughened-glass pane can also be used for windscreens for tractors.