1.   For the purposes of Articles 15c, 15d, 15e and 15i of this Regulation, “intermediate entity” as referred to in Article 4(1)(114) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 comprises any of the following entities that hold capital instruments of financial sector entities:

2.   Without prejudice to point (h) of paragraph 1, an “intermediate entity” as referred to in Article 4(1)(114) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 does not comprise:

3.   For the purposes of point (c) of paragraph 1, a defined benefit pension fund shall be deemed to be independent from its sponsoring institution where all of the following conditions are met:

4.   Where a defined benefit pension fund referred to in point (c) of paragraph 1 holds own funds instruments of the sponsoring institution, the sponsoring institution shall treat that holding as an indirect holding of own Common Equity Tier 1 instruments, own Additional Tier 1 instruments or own Tier 2 instruments, as applicable. The amount to be deducted from the Common Equity Tier 1 items, Additional Tier 1 items or Tier 2 items, as applicable, of the sponsoring institution, shall be calculated in accordance with Article 15c.

1.   The following financial products shall be considered synthetic holdings of capital instruments pursuant to points (f), (h) and (i) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013:

2.   The financial products provided for in paragraph 1 shall include the following:

1.   The amount of indirect holdings of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments to be deducted as required by points (f), (h) and (i) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be calculated as follows:

2.   The calculation method set out in point (b) of paragraph 1 shall be made for each tranche of funding that ranks pari passu with the funding provided by the institution.

3.   The percentage of funding for the purposes of paragraph 1 shall be the institution's exposure to the intermediate entity divided by the sum of the institution's exposure to the intermediate entity and of all other exposures to this intermediate entity that rank pari passu with the institution's exposure.

4.   The calculation laid down in paragraph 1 shall be made separately for each holding in a financial sector entity held by each intermediate entity.

5.   Where investments in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of a financial sector entity are held indirectly through subsequent or several intermediate entities, the percentage of funding set out in paragraph 1 shall be determined by dividing the amount referred to in point (a) of this paragraph by the amount referred to in point (b) of this paragraph:

6.   The percentage of funding referred to in paragraph 5 shall be calculated separately for each holding in a financial sector entity held by intermediate entities and for each tranche of funding that ranks pari passu with the funding provided by the institution and the subsequent intermediate entities.

1.   The amount to be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items referred to in point (f) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be equal to the percentage of funding, as defined in Article 15d(3) of this Regulation, multiplied by the amount of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of the institution held by the intermediate entity.

2.   The amount to be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items referred to in points (h) and (i) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be equal to the percentage of funding, as defined in Article 15d(3) of this Regulation, multiplied by the aggregate amount of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of financial sector entities held by the intermediate entity.

3.   For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2, an institution shall calculate separately per intermediate entity the aggregate amount of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of the institution that the intermediate entity holds and the aggregate amount of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of other financial sector entities that the intermediate entity holds.

4.   The institution shall consider the amount of holdings in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of financial sector entities calculated in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article as a significant investment referred to in Article 43 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and shall deduct the amount in accordance with point (i) of Article 36(1) of that Regulation.

5.   Where investments in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments are held indirectly through subsequent or several intermediate entities, paragraphs 5 and 6 of Article 15d shall apply.

6.   Where an institution is not able to identify the aggregate amounts that the intermediate entity holds in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of the institution or in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of financial sector entities, the institution shall estimate the amounts it cannot identify by using the maximum amounts that the intermediate entity is able to hold on the basis of its investment mandates.

7.   Where the institution is not able to determine, on the basis of the investment mandate, the maximum amount that the intermediate entity holds in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of the institution or in Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of financial sector entities, the institution shall treat the amount of funding that it holds in the intermediate entity as an investment in its own Common Equity Tier 1 instruments and shall deduct them in accordance with point (f) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.

8.   By way of derogation from paragraph 7 of this Article, the institution shall treat the amount of funding that it holds in the intermediate entity as a non-significant investment and shall deduct them in accordance with point (h) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, where all of the following conditions are met:

9.   Where funding to the intermediate entity is in the form of units or shares of a CIU, the institution may rely on the third parties referred to in Article 132(5) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, and under the conditions set by that Article, to calculate and report the aggregate amounts referred to in paragraph 6 of this Article.

1.   The amount of synthetic holdings to be deducted from Common Equity Tier 1 items as required by points (f), (h) and (i) of Article 36(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 shall be as follows:

2.   An institution shall deduct the synthetic holdings referred to in paragraph 1 from the date of signature of the contract between the institution and the counterparty.

1.   For the purposes of Article 36(1)(i) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, in order to assess whether an institution owns more than 10 % of the Common Equity Tier 1 instruments issued by a financial sector entity, in accordance with point (a) of Article 43 of that Regulation, institutions shall add the amounts of their gross long positions in direct holdings, as well as indirect holdings of Common Equity Tier 1 instruments of this financial sector entity referred to in points (d) to (h) of Article 15a(1) of this Regulation.

2.   Indirect and synthetic holdings shall be taken into account by the competent authority in order to assess whether the conditions in points (b) and (c) of Article 43 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 are met.

1.   Subject to the limits laid down in paragraphs 2 or 3, as applicable, where the intermediate entity holds Common Equity Tier 1 instruments, Additional Tier 1 instruments and Tier 2 instruments of financial sector entities, the Common Equity Tier 1 instruments shall be deducted first, the Additional Tier 1 instruments shall be deducted second, and the Tier 2 instruments last.

2.   Where the intermediate entity holds own funds instruments of institutions, when applying paragraph 1 to each type of holding institutions shall deduct the holdings of their own own funds instruments first.

3.   Where an institution holds capital instruments of financial sector entities indirectly, the amount to be deducted from the institution's own funds shall not be higher than the lower of the following amounts:

1.   An interest rate index shall be deemed to be a broad market index if it fulfils all of the following conditions:

2.   For the purposes of point (e) of paragraph 1, a sufficient level of representativeness shall be deemed to be achieved in either of the following cases:

3.   The related market referred to in point (b)(ii) of paragraph 2 shall be the sum of assets and liabilities of the effective contributors to the panel in the domestic currency divided by the sum of assets and liabilities in the domestic currency of credit institutions in the relevant Member State, including branches established in the Member State, and money market funds in the relevant Member State.

4.   A stock index shall be deemed to be a broad market index where it is appropriately diversified in accordance with Article 344 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.’.

1.   For the purpose of specifying the sub-consolidation calculation required in accordance with Articles 84(2), 85(2) and 87(2) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, the qualifying minority interests of a subsidiary referred to in Article 81 of that Regulation that is itself a parent undertaking of an entity referred to in Article 81(1) of that Regulation shall be calculated as described in paragraphs 2 to 4 of this Article.

2.   Where a competent authority has exercised the discretion referred to in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, the calculation to be undertaken in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article shall be made on the basis of the situation of the institution as if the discretion had not been exercised.

3.   Where the subsidiary complies with the provisions of Part Three of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 on the basis of its consolidated situation the following treatment shall apply:

4.   When performing the consolidation referred to in point (c) of paragraph 3, the subsidiary shall not include capital requirements arising from its subsidiaries which are not included in the prudential scope of consolidation of the institution for which the eligible minority interests are calculated.

5.   Where the waiver referred to in Article 84(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 applies to a subsidiary, any parent undertaking of the subsidiary benefiting from the waiver may include in its Common Equity Tier 1 capital minority interests arising from subsidiaries of the subsidiary itself benefiting from the waiver, provided that the calculations referred to in Article 84(1) of that Regulation and in this Regulation have been made for each of those subsidiaries. The amount of Common Equity Tier 1 included in the Own Funds at the level of the parent undertaking shall not exceed the amount that would be included if no waiver had been granted to the subsidiary.

6.   Where a parent institution has an intermediate subsidiary which is not referred to in Article 81(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and where this intermediate subsidiary itself has subsidiaries which are referred to in Article 81(1) of that Regulation, the parent institution may include in its Common Equity Tier 1 capital the amount of minority interest arising from those subsidiaries calculated according to Article 84(1) of that Regulation. The parent institution cannot, however, include in its Common Equity Tier 1 capital any minority interests arising from an intermediate subsidiary which is not referred to in Article 81(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013.

7.   The methodology set out in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall also apply mutatis mutandis for the calculation of the amount of qualifying Tier 1 instruments under Article 85 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 and the amount of qualifying own funds under Article 87 of that Regulation, where references to Common Equity Tier 1 shall be read as references to Tier 1 or own funds.’.

1.   Notwithstanding the provisions in Section 6.3 of the Annex, an EC certificate of verification may be issued for a subsystem containing components corresponding to the “friction element for wheel tread brakes” interoperability constituent that does not have an EC declaration of conformity during a transition period of 10 years after the date of application of this Regulation, if the following conditions are met:

2.   The production, upgrade or renewal of any subsystem using non-certified interoperability constituents shall be completed, including granting authorisation for placing in service of the subsystem, before the transition period set out in paragraph 1 expires.

3.   During the transition period set out in paragraph 1:

1.   Until the expiry of their current approval period, “friction element for wheel tread brakes” interoperability constituents listed in Appendix G of the Annex do not need to be covered by an EC declaration of conformity. During this period, “friction elements for wheel tread brakes” listed in Appendix G of the Annex shall be deemed to be compliant with this Regulation.

2.   After their current approval period expires, “friction element for wheel tread brakes” interoperability constituents listed in Appendix G of the Annex shall be covered by EC declaration of conformity.

1.   Notwithstanding the provisions in Section 6.3 of the Annex, an EC certificate of verification may be issued for a subsystem containing components corresponding to the “friction element for wheel tread brakes” interoperability constituent that does not have an EC declaration of conformity during a transition period of 10 years after the expiry of the approval period of the interoperability constituent, if the following conditions are met:

2.   The production, upgrade or renewal of any subsystem using non-certified interoperability constituents shall be completed, including granting authorisation for placing in service of the subsystem, before the transition period set out in paragraph 1 expires.

3.   During the transition period set out in paragraph 1:

1.   In order to keep pace with technological progress, innovative solutions may be required that do not comply with the specifications set out in the Annex and/or for which the assessment methods set out in the Annex cannot be applied. In that case, new specifications and/or new assessment methods associated with those innovative solutions shall be developed.

2.   Innovative solutions may be related to the “rolling stock — freight wagons” subsystem, its parts and its interoperability constituents.

3.   If an innovative solution is proposed, the manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the Union shall declare how it deviates from or complements the relevant provisions of this TSI and shall submit the deviations to the Commission for analysis.

4.   The Commission shall deliver an opinion on the innovative solution proposed. If this opinion is positive, the appropriate functional and interface specifications and the assessment method, which must be included in the TSI in order to allow the use of this innovative solution, shall be developed and subsequently integrated in the TSI during the revision process carried out pursuant to Article 6 of Directive 2008/57/EC. If the opinion is negative, the innovative solution proposed shall not be applied.

5.   Pending the review of the TSI, the positive opinion delivered by the Commission shall be considered an acceptable means of compliance with the essential requirements of Directive 2008/57/EC and may therefore be used for the assessment of the subsystem.’