ANNEX 1

THE CIE CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

Figure 1

Figure 2

ANNEX 2

COMMUNICATION

(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

ANNEX 3

ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPROVAL MARK

Note: The approval number and the additional symbol must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the letter ‘E’ or to the left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the letter ‘E’ and face in the same direction. The approval number and the additional symbol must be placed diametrically opposite one another. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.

ANNEX 4

TEST PROCEDURE

TEST SAMPLES

ANNEX 5

SPECIFICATIONS OF SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS

SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS OF RETRO-REFLECTIVE/FLUORESCENT (CLASS 1) OR RETRO-REFLECTIVE ONLY (CLASS 2) SMV REAR MARKING PLATES

1.   Shape

The plates shall be in the shape of an equilateral triangle with truncated corners, for mounting with one apex upwards at the rear of slow-moving vehicles.

2.   Pattern

The SMV rear marking plates shall have a red fluorescent centre and red retro-reflective borders made of either retro-reflective sheeting or coating or of plastic corner-cube reflectors (class 1). The SMV rear marking plates of class 2 shall have a retro-reflective centre.

3.   Dimensions

The length of the base of the enclosed fluorescent triangle (class 1) or retro-reflective triangle (class 2) shall be: minimum 350 mm and maximum 365 mm. The minimum width of the light-emitting surface of the red retro-reflective border shall be 45 mm, the maximum width 48 mm. These features are illustrated in the example of Annex 12.

ANNEX 6

COLORIMETRIC SPECIFICATIONS

1.   SMV rear marking plates for slow-moving vehicles and their trailers shall be composed either of red retro-reflective and red fluorescent materials or devices (class 1) or red retro-reflective only materials or devices (class 2).

2.   Red retro-reflective material or devices

2.1.   When measured with a spectrophotometer in accordance with the provisions of CIE document No 15 (1971) and illuminated with the CIE Standard illuminant D65 at an angle of 45° to the normal and viewed along the normal (45/0 geometry), the colour of the material in new condition shall be within the limits according to paragraph 2.31 of Regulation No 48.

Table 1

2.2.   When illuminated by the CIE Standard Illuminant A at an entrance angle β1 = β2 = 0° or, if this produces a colourless surface reflection, an angle β1 = ± 5°, β2 = 0°, and measured at an observation angle of 20’, the colour of the material in new condition shall be within the limits according to paragraph 2.30 of the Regulation No 48.

Table 2

Note: The question of the night-time colours of retro-reflective materials is at present being studied by CIE TC 1.6; the above limits are therefore only provisional and will be revised later after CIE TC 1.6 has completed its work.

3.   Red fluorescent material

3.1.   When measured with a spectrophotometer in accordance with the provisions of CIE document No 15 (1971) and illuminated polychromatically with the CIE Standard Illuminant D65 at an angle 45° to the normal and viewed along the normal (geometry 45/0), the colour of the material in new condition shall be within the limits according to paragraph 2.32 of the Regulation No 48.

Table 3

4.   Compliance with the colorimetric specifications shall be verified by a visual comparison test.

If any doubt remains after this test, conformity with the colorimetric specification shall be verified by determining the trichromatic coordinates of the most doubtful sample.

ANNEX 7

PHOTOMETRIC SPECIFICATIONS

PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES

ANNEX 8

RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL AGENTS

1.   RESISTANCE TO WEATHERING

1.1.   Procedure — For each test, two specimens of a sample unit (see paragraph 2.1.2 of this Regulation) are taken. One specimen shall be stored in a dark and dry container for subsequent use as ‘reference unexposed specimen’.

The second specimen shall be subjected to a source of illumination in accordance with ISO Standard 105-B02-1978, Section 4.3.1; the retro-reflective material shall be exposed until blue standard No 7 has faded to No 4 on the grey scale and the fluorescent material until blue standard No 5 has faded to No 4 on the grey scale.

After the test, the specimen shall be washed in a dilute neutral detergent solution, dried and examined for conformity with the requirements specified in paragraphs 1.2 to 1.4.

1.2.   Visual appearance — No area of the exposed specimen shall show any evidence of cracking, sealing, pitting, blistering, delamination, distortion, chalking, staining or corrosion.

There shall be no shrinkage in excess of 0,5 per cent in any linear direction and no evidence of adhesion failure such as edge lifting from the substrate.

1.3.   Colour fastness — The colours of the exposed specimen shall still meet the requirements specified in Annex 6.

1.4.   Effect on the coefficient of luminous intensity of the retro-reflective material.

2.   RESISTANCE TO CORROSION (ISO Standard 3768)

2.1.   A specimen of the sample unit shall be subjected to the action of a saline mist for 48 hours comprising two periods of exposure of 24 hours each, separated by an interval of 2 hours during which the specimen is allowed to dry.

The saline mist shall be produced by atomising at a temperature of 35 + 2 °C of a saline solution obtained by dissolving five parts by weight of sodium chloride in 95 parts of distilled water containing not more than 0,02 per cent of impurities.

2.2.   Immediately after completion of the test, the sample shall show no sign of corrosion liable to impair the efficiency of the device.

3.   RESISTANCE TO FUELS

A section of a sample unit not less than 300 mm long shall be immersed in a mixture of n-heptane and toluene, 70 per cent and 30 per cent by volume, for one minute.

After removal, the surface shall be wiped dry with a soft cloth and shall not show any visible change which would reduce its effective performance.

4.   BONDING STRENGTH (in the case of adhesive materials)

4.1.   The adhesion of retro-reflective materials shall be determined after 24 hours curing time by utilising a 90-degree peel on a tensile strength testing machine.

4.2.   The adhesion of laminated or coated retro-reflective and fluorescent materials shall be determined.

4.3.   The coated materials, of whatever kind, shall not be removable without tools or without damaging the material.

4.4.   The laminated materials (adhesive films) shall need a force of at least 10 N per 25 mm width at a speed of 300 mm per minute, to be removed from the substrate.

5.   RESISTANCE TO WATER

A section of a sample unit not less than 300 mm long shall be immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 23 ± 5 °C for a period of 18 hours; it shall then be left to dry for 24 hours under normal laboratory conditions.

After completion of the test, the section shall be examined. No part inside 10 mm from the cut edge shall show evidence of deterioration which would reduce the effectiveness of the plate.

6.   RESISTANCE TO IMPACT (except for plastics corner-cube reflectors)

When a 25 mm diameter solid steel ball is dropped from a height of 2 m on to the retro-reflective and on the fluorescent surfaces of a supported plate, at an ambient temperature of 23 ± 2 °C, the materials shall show no cracking or separation from the substrate at a distance of more than 5 mm from the impacted area.

7.   RESISTANCE TO CLEANING

7.1.   Manual cleaning

7.2.   Power washing

ANNEX 9

RESISTANCE TO HEAT

ANNEX 10

RIGIDITY OF THE PLATES

The triangular plate shall be strongly held on one of its long sides, with the clamps of the holding device not encroaching over more than 20 mm. A force of 10 N perpendicular to the plane shall be applied to the opposite apex.

The apex shall then not move in the direction of the force by more than 40 mm.

After removal of the force, the plate shall visibly return to its initial position. The residual deflection shall not be more than 5 mm.

ANNEX 11

Stability in time of the optical properties  (1) of rear marking plates

(1)  Despite the importance of tests to check the stability in time of the optical properties of rear marking plates, it is in the present state of the art not yet possible to assess this stability by laboratory tests of limited duration.

ANNEX 12

Rear marking plates for slow-moving vehicles and their trailers

Example

All dimensions in mm

ANNEX 13

Minimum requirements for conformity of production control procedures

1.   GENERAL

1.1.   The conformity requirements shall be considered satisfied from a mechanical and geometric standpoint, if the differences do not exceed inevitable manufacturing deviations within the requirements of this Regulation.

1.2.   With respect to photometric performances, the conformity of mass-produced rear marking plates shall not be contested if, when testing photometric performances of any rear marking plate chosen at random, no measured value deviates unfavourably by more than 20 per cent from the values prescribed in this Regulation.

1.3.   The chromaticity coordinates shall be complied with.

2.   MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR VERIFICATION OF CONFORMITY BY THE MANUFACTURER

For each type of rear marking plate the holder of the approval mark shall carry out at least the following tests, at appropriate intervals. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation.

If any sampling shows non-conformity with regard to the type of test concerned, further samples shall be taken and tested. The manufacturer shall take steps to ensure the conformity of the production concerned.

2.1.   Nature of tests

Tests of conformity in this Regulation shall cover the photometric and colorimetric characteristics and the test of weather resistance of these characteristics.

2.2.   Methods used in tests

2.3.   Nature of sampling

Samples of rear marking plates shall be selected at random from the production of a uniform batch. A uniform batch means a set of rear marking plates of the same type, defined according to the production methods of the manufacturer.

The assessment shall in general cover series production from individual factories. However, a manufacturer may group together records concerning the same type from several factories, provided these operate under the same quality system and quality management.

2.4.   Measured and recorded photometric characteristics

The sampled rear marking plate shall be subjected to photometric measurements for minimum values at the points and chromaticity coordinates provided for in the Regulation.

2.5.   Criteria governing acceptability

The manufacturer is responsible for carrying out a statistical study of the test results and for defining, in agreement with the Competent Authority, criteria governing the acceptability of his products in order to meet the specifications laid down for verification of conformity of products in paragraph 9.1 of this Regulation.

The criteria governing the acceptability shall be such that, with a confidence level of 95 per cent, the minimum probability of passing a spot check in accordance with Annex 14 (first sampling) would be 0,95.

ANNEX 14

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLING BY AN INSPECTOR

1.   GENERAL

1.1.   The conformity requirements shall be considered satisfied from a mechanical and a geometric standpoint, in accordance with the requirements of this Regulation, if any, if the differences do not exceed inevitable manufacturing deviations.

1.2.   With respect to photometric performance, the conformity of mass-produced rear marking plates shall not be contested if, when testing photometric performances of any rear marking plate chosen at random:

1.3.   The chromaticity coordinates shall be complied with.

2.   FIRST SAMPLING

In the first sampling four rear marking plates are selected at random. The first sample of two is marked A, the second sample of two is marked B.

2.1.   The conformity is not contested

2.2.   The conformity is contested

2.3.   Approval withdrawn

Conformity shall be contested and paragraph 10 applied if, following the sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this Annex, the deviations of the measured values of the rear marking plates are:

3.   REPEATED SAMPLING

In the cases of A3, B2, B3 a repeated sampling, third sample C of two rear marking plates and fourth sample D of two rear marking plates, selected from stock manufactured after alignment, is necessary within two months time after the notification.

3.1.   The conformity is not contested

3.2.   The conformity is contested

3.3.   Approval withdrawn

Conformity shall be contested and paragraph 10 applied if, following the sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this Annex, the deviations of the measured values of the rear marking plates are:

4.   RESISTANCE TESTS

Specimens of one of the rear marking plates of sample A, after sampling procedure in Figure 1 of this Annex, shall be tested according to the procedures described in Annexes 8 and 9 to this Regulation.

The rear marking plate shall be considered acceptable if the tests were passed. However, if the tests on specimens of sample A did not pass the tests, the two rear marking plates of sample B shall be subjected to the same procedure and both shall pass the test.

Figure 1

ANNEX 15

Guidelines for installation of rear marking plates on slow-moving vehicles (by construction) and their trailers

1.   It is recommended to the Governments to require on slow-moving vehicles which, by construction, cannot travel faster than 30 km/h, ‘Rear marking plates for slow-moving vehicles and their trailers’ conforming to this Regulation and the specific requirements relating to its scope in accordance with the guidelines given in this Annex.

2.   Scope

The main purpose of these guidelines is to establish requirements for installation, arrangement, position and geometric visibility of rear marking plates on slow-moving vehicles and their trailers which, by construction, cannot travel faster than 30 km/h. It increases the visibility and permits an easy identification of these vehicles.

3.   Number

At least one.

4.   Arrangement

The rear marking plate(s) shall be type approved and meet the requirements of this Regulation.

The apex of a rear marking plate shall be directed upwards.

Every part of a rear marking plate shall lie within 5° of a transverse vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and shall face to the rear.

5.   Position

6.   Geometric visibility

ANNEX 1

ANNEX 2

ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS

MODEL A

(see paragraph 4.4 of this Regulation)

MODEL B

(see paragraph 4.5 of this Regulation)

(1)  The latter number is given as an example only.

ANNEX 1

COMMUNICATION

(Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))

ANNEX 2

ARRANGEMENTS OF APPROVAL MARKS

(see paragraphs 4.4 to 4.4.2 of this Regulation)

ANNEX 3

Procedure for determining the ‘H’ point and the actual torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles

1.   PURPOSE

1.1.   The procedure described in this annex is used to establish the ‘H’ point location and the actual torso angle for one or several seating positions in a motor vehicle and to verify the relationship of measured data to design specification given by the vehicle manufacturer (1).

2.   DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this annex.

2.1.    ‘Reference data’ means one or several of the following characteristics of a seating position:

2.2.    ‘Three-dimensional H-point machine’ (3-D ‘H’ machine) means the device used for the determination of ‘H’ points and actual torso angles. This device is described in Appendix 1 to this annex.

2.3.    ‘H’ point means the pivot centre of the torso and thigh of the 3-D H machine installed in the vehicle seat in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 4 below. The ‘H’ point is located in the centre of the centre line of the device which is between the ‘H’ point sight buttons on either side of the 3-D H machine. The ‘H’ point corresponds theoretically to the ‘R’ point (for tolerances, see paragraph 3.2.2 below). Once determined in accordance with the procedure described in paragraph 4, the ‘H’ point is considered as fixed in relation to the seat-cushion structure and as moving with it when the seat is adjusted.

2.4.    ‘R’ point or ‘seating reference point’ means a design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating position and established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system.

2.5.    ‘Torso line’ means the centre line of the probe of the 3-D H machine with the probe in the fully rearward position.

2.6.    ‘Actual torso angle’ means the angle measured between a vertical line through the ‘H’ point and the torso line using the back angle quadrant on the 3-D H machine. The actual torso angle corresponds theoretically to the design torso angle (for tolerances, see paragraph 3.2.2 below).

2.7.    ‘Design torso angle’ means the angle measured between a vertical line through the ‘R’ point and the torso line in a position corresponding to the design position of the seat-back specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

2.8.    ‘Centre plane of occupant’ (CPO) means the median plane of the 3-D H machine positioned in each designated seating position; it is represented by the co-ordinate of the ‘H’ point on the Y axis. For individual seats, the centre plane of the seat coincides with the centre plane of the occupant. For other seats, the centre plane of the occupant is specified by the manufacturer.

2.9.    ‘Three-dimensional reference system’ means a system as described in Appendix 2 of this annex.

2.10.    ‘Fiducial marks’ are physical points (holes, surfaces, marks or indentations) on the vehicle body as defined by the manufacturer.

2.11.    ‘Vehicle measuring attitude’ means the position of the vehicle as defined by the coordinates of fiducial marks in the three-dimensional reference system.

3.   REQUIREMENTS

3.1.   Data presentation

For each seating position where reference data are required in order to demonstrate compliance with the provisions of this Regulation, all or an appropriate selection of the following data shall be presented in the form indicated in Appendix 3 of this annex:

3.2.   Relationship between measured data and design specifications

3.2.1.   The coordinates of the ‘H’ point and the value of the actual torso angle obtained by the procedure set out in paragraph 4 below shall be compared, respectively, with the coordinates of the ‘R’ point and the value of the design torso angle indicated by the vehicle manufacturer.

3.2.2.   The relative positions of the ‘R’ point and the ‘H’ point and the relationship between the design torso angle and the actual torso angle shall be considered satisfactory for the seating position in question if the ‘H’ point, as defined by its coordinates, lies within a square of 50 mm side length with horizontal and vertical sides whose diagonals intersect at the ‘R’ point, and if the actual torso angle is within 5° of the design torso angle.

3.2.3.   If these conditions are met, the ‘R’ point and the design torso angle shall be used to demonstrate compliance with the provisions of this Regulation;

3.2.4.   If the ‘H’ point or the actual torso angle does not satisfy the requirements of item 3.2.2 above, the ‘H’ point and the actual torso angle shall be determined twice more (three times in all). If the results of two of these three operations satisfy the requirements, the conditions of paragraph 3.2.3 above shall apply;

3.2.5.   If the results of at least two of the three operations described in paragraph 3.2.4 above do not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 3.2.2 above, or if the verification cannot take place because the vehicle manufacturer has failed to supply information regarding the position of the ‘R’ point or regarding the design torso angle, the centroid of the three measured points or the average of the three measured angles shall be used and be regarded as applicable in all cases where the ‘R’ point or the design torso angle is referred to in this Regulation.

4.   PROCEDURE FOR ‘H’ POINT AND ACTUAL TORSO ANGLE DETERMINATION

4.1.   The vehicle shall be preconditioned, at the manufacturer’s discretion, at a temperature of 20 °C + 10 °C to ensure that the seat material reaches room temperature. If the seat to be checked has never been sat upon, a 70 to 80 kg person or device shall sit on the seat twice for one minute to flex the cushion and back. At the manufacturer’s request, all seat assemblies shall remain unloaded for a minimum period of 30 minutes prior to installation of the 3-D H machine.

4.2.   The vehicle shall be in the measuring attitude defined in paragraph 2.11 above.

4.3.   The seat, if it is adjustable, shall be adjusted first to the rearmost normal driving or riding position, as indicated by the vehicle manufacturer, taking into consideration only the longitudinal adjustment of the seat, excluding seat travel used for purposes other than normal driving or riding positions. Where other modes of seat adjustment exist (vertical, angular, seat-back, etc.), these will then be adjusted to the position specified by the vehicle manufacturer. For suspension seats, the vertical position shall be rigidly fixed corresponding to a normal driving position as specified by the manufacturer.

4.4.   The area of the seating position taken up by the 3-D H machine shall be covered by a muslin cotton, of sufficient size and appropriate texture, described as a plain cotton fabric having 18,9 threads per cm2 and weighing 0,228 kg/m2, or knitted or non-woven fabric having equivalent characteristics.

If the test is performed on a seat outside the vehicle, the floor on which the seat is placed shall have the same essential characteristics (2) as the floor of the vehicle in which the seat is intended to be used.

4.5.   Place the seat and back assembly of the 3-D H machine so that the centre plane of the occupant (CPO) coincides with the centre plane of the 3-D H machine. At the manufacturer’s request, the 3-D H machine may be moved inboard with respect to the CPO if the 3-D H machine is located so far outboard that the seat edge will not permit levelling of the 3-D H machine.

4.6.   Attach the foot and lower leg assemblies to the seat-pan assembly, either individually or by using the T-bar and lower leg assembly. The line through the ‘H’ point sight buttons shall be parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the longitudinal centre plane of the seat.

4.7.   Adjust the feet and leg positions of the 3-D H machine as follows:

4.7.1.   Designated seating position: driver and outside front passenger

4.7.2.   Designated seating position: outboard rear seat

For rear seats or auxiliary seats, the legs are located as specified by the manufacturer. If the feet then rest on parts of the floor which are at different levels, the foot which first comes into contact with the front seat shall serve as a reference and the other foot shall be so arranged that the spirit level giving the transverse orientation of the seat of the device indicates the horizontal.

4.7.3.   Other designated seating positions:

The general procedure indicated in paragraph 4.7.1 above shall be followed, except that the feet shall be placed as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

4.8.   Apply lower leg and thigh weights and level the 3-D H machine.

4.9.   Tilt the back pan forward against the forward stop and draw the 3-D H machine away from the seat-back using the T-bar. Reposition the 3-D H machine on the seat by one of the following methods:

4.10.   Apply a 100 ± 10 N load to the back and pan assembly of the 3-D H machine at the intersection of the hip angle quadrant and the T-bar housing. The direction of load application shall be maintained along a line passing through the above intersection to a point just above the thigh bar housing (see figure 2 of Appendix 1 to this annex). Then carefully return the back pan to the seat-back. Care must be exercised throughout the remainder of the procedure to prevent the 3-D H machine from sliding forward.

4.11.   Install the right and left buttock weights and then, alternately, the eight torso weights. Maintain the 3-D H machine level.

4.12.   Tilt the back pan forward to release the tension on the seat-back. Rock the 3-D H machine from side to side through a 10° arc (5° to each side of the vertical centre plane) for three complete cycles to release any accumulated friction between the 3-D H machine and the seat.

During the rocking action, the T-bar of the 3-D H machine may tend to diverge from the specified horizontal and vertical alignment. The T-bar must therefore be restrained by applying an appropriate lateral load during the rocking motions. Care shall be exercised in holding the T-bar and rocking the 3-D H machine to ensure that no inadvertent exterior loads are applied in a vertical or fore and aft direction.

The feet of the 3-D H machine are not to be restrained or held during this step. If the feet change position, they should then be allowed to remain in that attitude for the moment.

Carefully return the back pan to the seat-back and check the two spirit levels for zero position. If any movement of the feet has occurred during the rocking operation of the 3-D H machine, they must be repositioned as follows:

Alternately, lift each foot off the floor the minimum necessary amount until no additional foot movement is obtained. During this lifting, the feet are to be free to rotate; no forward or lateral loads are to be applied. When each foot is placed back in the down position, the heel is to be in contact with the structure designed for this.

Check the lateral spirit level for zero position; if necessary, apply a lateral load to the top of the back pan sufficient to level the 3-D H machine’s seat pan on the seat.

4.13.   Holding the T-bar to prevent the 3-D H machine from sliding forward on the seat cushion, proceed as follows:

4.14.   Take all measurements:

4.15.   If a rerun of the installation of the 3-D H machine is desired, the seat assembly shall remain unloaded for a minimum period of 30 minutes prior to the re-run. The 3-D H machine shall not be left loaded on the seat assembly longer than the time required to perform the test.

4.16.   If the seats in the same row can be regarded as similar (bench seat, identical seats, etc.) only one ‘H’ point and one actual torso angle shall be determined for each row of seats, the 3-D H machine described in the Appendix 1 to this annex being seated in a place regarded as representative for the row.

This place shall be:

(1)  In any seating position other than front seats where the ‘H’ point cannot be determined using the ‘three-dimensional H-point machine’ or other procedures, the ‘R’ point indicated by the vehicle manufacturer may be taken as a reference at the discretion of the Competent Authority.

(2)  Tilt angle, height difference with a seat mounting, surface texture, etc.

ANNEX 4

Method for determining the dimensional relationships between the vehicle’s primary reference marks and the three-dimensional reference grid

1.   RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFERENCE GRID AND VEHICLE’S PRIMARY REFERENCE MARKS

To verify specific dimensions on or within a vehicle submitted for approval in accordance with this Regulation, the relationship between the coordinates of the three-dimensional reference grid, defined in paragraph 2.3, which has been laid out at the initial vehicle-design stage, and the positions of the primary reference marks, defined in paragraph 2.4, must be established accurately so that specific points on the vehicle manufacturer’s drawings can be identified on an actual vehicle produced from those drawings.

2.   METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP OF REFERENCE GRID TO REFERENCE MARKS

For this purpose, a ground reference plane shall be constructed which is marked with the X-X measurement and the Y-Y measurement. The method of achieving this is set out in figure 6 of the appendix of this annex, the reference plane being a hard, flat, level surface upon which the vehicle stands, and which has two measuring scales firmly fixed to its surface; these shall be graduated in millimetres, the X-X scale being not less than eight metres long and the Y-Y scale not less than four metres long. The two scales must be set at right angles to each other as shown in figure 6 of the appendix to this annex. The intersection of these scales is the ground zero.

3.   EXAMINATION OF THE REFERENCE PLANE

In order to provide for minor variations in the level of the reference plane or test area, it will be necessary to measure the deviations from ground zero along both the X and Y scales at intervals of 250 mm and to record the readings obtained so that corrections can be made when checking the vehicle.

4.   ACTUAL TEST ATTIDUDE

In order to provide for minor changes in suspension height, etc., it will be necessary to have available a means of bringing the reference marks to the correct coordinate positions relative to the design attitude before further measurements are taken. In addition, it must be possible to make minor lateral and/or longitudinal adjustments of the vehicle’s position so as to place it accurately in relation to the reference grid.

5.   RESULTS

The vehicle having been correctly placed relative to the reference grid and in its design attitude, the site of the necessary points for studying the forward visibility requirements can be readily determined.

Test methods to determine these requirements may include the use of theodolites, light sources or shadow devices, or any other method, which can be shown to give equivalent results.