20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/1

—

having regard to the Presidency Conclusions issued following the European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007, relating to the European Council's adoption of a ‘European Council Action Plan (2007-2009)’ entitled ‘Energy policy for Europe’ (7224/1/07),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Communication on a European Ports Policy’ (COM(2007)0616),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Towards a rail network giving priority to freight’ (COM(2007)0608),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan’ (COM(2007)0607),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘The EU's freight transport agenda: Boosting the efficiency, integration and sustainability of freight transport in Europe’ (COM(2007)0606),

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having regard to the Commission Green Paper entitled ‘Towards a new culture for urban mobility’ (COM(2007)0551),

—

having regard to the Commission Green Paper on market-based instruments for environment and related policy purposes (COM(2007)0140),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘A Competitive Automotive Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century — Commission's position on the CARS 21 High Level Group Final Report — A contribution to the EU's Growth and Jobs Strategy’ (COM(2007)0022),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Results of the review of the Community Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles’ (COM(2007)0019),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Limiting Global Climate Change to 2 degrees Celsius — The way ahead for 2020 and beyond’ (COM(2007)0002),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘An Energy Policy for Europe’ (COM(2007)0001),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Renewable Energy Road Map — Renewable energies in the 21st century: building a more sustainable future’ (COM(2006)0848),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Biofuels Progress Report: Report on the progress made in the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels in the Member States of the European Union’ (COM(2006)0845),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential’ (COM(2006)0545),

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having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Keep Europe moving — Sustainable mobility for our continent — Mid-term review of the European Commission's 2001 Transport White Paper’ (COM(2006)0314),

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having regard to its resolution of 24 October 2007 on the Community Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles (1),

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having regard to its resolution of 5 September 2007 on freight transport logistics in Europe — the key to sustainable mobility (2),

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having regard to its resolution of 12 July 2007 on keeping Europe moving — sustainable mobility for our continent (3),

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having regard its position at first reading of 5 September 2006 on the proposal for a Council Directive on passenger car related taxes (4),

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having regard to Directive 1999/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures (5) (Eurovignette Directive),

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Transport and Tourism and the opinions of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (A6-0014/2008),

A.

whereas sustainable development — an EU objective applying across the board — is intended to bring about continuing improvement in the quality of life and in the well-being of our planet for present and future generations,

B.

whereas about a third of total energy consumption in EU 25 is linked to the transport sector, excluding shipping and pipelines, and whereas road transport, accounting as it does for 83 %, is the mode that uses up the largest volume of energy,

C.

whereas the transport sector accounts for 70 % of the demand for oil in EU 25; whereas the sector relies on fossil fuels for 97 % of its power supplies, leaving a figure of just 2 % for electricity (much of which is nuclear generated) and as little as 1 % for biofuels,

D.

whereas the energy efficiency of the different modes of transport has been greatly enhanced in recent years and whereas this has enabled the corresponding CO2 emissions per km to be reduced substantially; whereas these improvements are, however, being counteracted by the effects of ever growing demand in the transport sector,

E.

whereas, therefore, emissions in the transport sector, taken as a whole, are continuing to rise: in 2005 alone the transport sector accounted for 24,1 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) in EU 27 and according to Commission forecasts its demand for energy will increase by at least 30 % between now and 2030,

F.

whereas the noxious emissions produced by road transport have lessened as a result of technological innovations and the extensive efforts of the motor industry; whereas this outcome has been achieved specifically through the introduction of catalytic converters, fine particle filters, and other technologies which have helped to cut NOx and polluting particulate emissions by between 30 % and 40 % over the past 15 years; whereas, however, despite these improvements, the CO2 emission reduction targets stemming from the motor manufacturers' voluntary agreement have been met only in part,

G.

whereas urban traffic generates 40 % of CO2 emissions and 70 % of other pollutant emissions from vehicles and whereas road congestion, concentrated mainly in the big cities, entails a cost to the EU equivalent to about 1 % of GDP,

H.

whereas 70 % of the priority trans-European transport projects approved in 2004 relate to railway and shipping transport, which are recognised as being less polluting modes of transport,

I.

whereas in the abovementioned European Council Presidency Conclusions the EU committed itself firmly and unilaterally to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20 % compared with 1990 levels,

1.

Believes that mobility has been one of the greatest achievements and challenges of the 20th century and that sustainable transport should strike a fair balance between different and often conflicting interests while seeking to reconcile mobility, a basic right that citizens enjoy, the importance of the transport sector in economic and employment terms, the responsibility for the local and global environment and the right of citizens to safety, quality of life and health;

2.

Stresses that the transport sector must also meet the EU goals of reducing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20 % over 1990 levels by 2020;

3.

Points to the importance of the transport sector for employment, growth, and innovation, and considers safe and affordable guaranteed mobility to be a sine qua non of our lifestyle; consequently believes — with regard to the priority that should be accorded to the requirements of sustainable mobility from an environmental point of view — that citizens are likely to support measures that guarantee their mobility in the long term (6);

4.

Is of the opinion that, to achieve the aim of making European transport sustainable in energy and environmental terms, it is necessary to combine a range of mutually supportive and corrective policies, thus securing the involvement of more and more stakeholders representing the transport sector, government, and citizens; is convinced that only by applying the right combination of measures will it be possible both to mitigate the adverse effects of individual actions and to help persuade citizens to accept those actions;

5.

Considers that a policy mix of this kind should encompass the following in particular:

6.

Maintains that the EU and the Member States need to focus their efforts on the key elements of the system, namely:

7.

Stresses the importance of the signing of the Transport Protocol to the Alpine Convention by the Council in December 2006; underscores the fact that, because of ratification of that protocol, tangible implementing measures to promote sustainable transport in sensitive mountain regions and densely populated areas must be immediately launched by the Commission;

8.

Maintains that market-based instruments should likewise be employed to promote vehicles with low fuel consumption and low emissions, making use of, for example, tax exemptions, reform of vehicle excise duties to take account of pollutant emissions and fuel consumption efficiency, incentives to scrap highly polluting vehicles and buy low-emission new cars; considers these to be important measures that would also help motor manufacturers to recoup the cost of compliance with the obligations imposed under the new legislative framework;

9.

Urges the Council and the Member States, therefore, to match the determination shown at the European Council meeting of 8 and 9 March 2007 by

10.

Endorses the question raised by the Commission in the abovementioned Green Paper on market-based instruments for environment and related policy purposes, regarding the option of using a coordination procedure and exchange of experience and best practice in order to promote, while bringing more active scrutiny to bear on, national reforms of transport charging systems and environmental taxation; calls on the Commission to take steps to achieve that end;

11.

Calls on the Council and the Member States to step up their investment in infrastructure and intelligent transport systems (ITSs), in particular with a view to:

12.

Urges the Commission to submit by June 2008 at the latest, a comprehensible, transparent, generally applicable model for assessing the external costs of all modes of transport, on which to base future calculation of the charges to be paid for the use of infrastructure; observes that, under the Eurovignette Directive, that model must be accompanied by an analysis of the impact of internalising external costs for all modes of transport and by a strategy for phasing in the model for all modes of transport; looks to the Commission, alongside the above initiative to produce legislative proposals, starting with the revision of the Eurovignette Directive;

13.

Is convinced that the problem of urban congestion, which causes 40 % of CO2 emissions and 70 % of other pollutant emissions from vehicles, needs to be tackled more ambitiously, without infringing the subsidiarity principle, by applying a Europe-wide cooperation and coordination strategy;

14.

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to analyse the way in which transport infrastructure and the tariffs applied to it influence urban development and future demand for transport services;

15.

Is of the opinion that an effective urban mobility policy should take into account the transport of persons as well as of freight and must therefore be based on as fully integrated an approach as possible, bringing together the solutions best suited to each individual problem; firmly believes that urban areas have economically sound potential to offer for further modal shift policies in favour of public transport, walking, and cycling and for a new approach to urban logistics; considers it essential in this connection to focus on technological innovation (wider use of ITSs), better exploitation of existing infrastructure, especially by means of demand management measures (congestion charges and road pricing), and innovative solutions for the optimum integration of urban freight flows; and, lastly, new ways to optimise the use of private cars such as car-sharing, carpooling and arrangements for working at home;

16.

Points to the importance of light measures in attaining the goal of more sustainable transport and considers it important that citizens should be able to make informed choices about means of transport and driving behaviour; calls for better consumer information and for more active education and promotion campaigns in support of more sustainable means of transport or transport models;

17.

Believes that rail transport — a mode with lower energy consumption and CO2 emissions — has considerable untapped potential not just where freight transport logistics are concerned, but also as regards short to medium-haul passenger transport;

18.

Calls on the Commission, the Member States, and the rail industry to:

19.

Considers that, although airlines have cut their fuel consumption by 1 %-2 % per passenger-kilometre in the last 10 years and noise emissions have been greatly lowered, the overall environmental impact of civil aviation has risen on account of the substantial expansion in traffic; calls, therefore for:

20.

Notes that cost reflectiveness in air transport and air ticket price transparency are most important in terms of passenger interests and fair competition in the transport sector, and therefore gives the Commission backing to take further initiatives in this connection;

21.

Notes that emissions from shipping are continuing to increase and recommends in particular that:

22.

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to invest in the modernisation of port facilities both for the EU's seaports and for those located on internal waterways, in order to permit the swift transfer of goods and passengers from one transport system to another, thereby enabling a reduction in energy consumption in the field of transport;

23.

Considers it essential to improve logistics, load factors in freight transport and intermodal transport; therefore advocates full completion of the internal market in transport and urges the Commission to build as soon as possible on its abovementioned action plan for freight transport logistics in Europe, placing particular emphasis on developing the concept of ‘green corridors’;

24.

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to invest more in research in the field of transport, to enable more energy-efficient and CO2-emission-reducing technologies to be developed; calls on the Commission in the 2009 review of the multi-annual financial framework to increase significantly the overall financial effort towards R&D concerning the environment, energy and transport;

25.

Gives the Commission backing for initiatives which interlink sustainable transport and tourism more effectively, such as the use of more environmentally friendly means of transport, e.g. combining public-transport use and cycling;

26.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission, and to the governments and parliaments of the Member States.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/6

—

having regard to Rule 116 of its Rules of Procedure,

A.

whereas it is important to have efficient early warning (EW) for citizens in case of imminent or developing major emergencies, with a view to reducing suffering and the loss of human life,

B.

whereas the establishment of EW and alert systems has been repeatedly requested by Parliament and is provided for in several existing and upcoming legislative acts,

C.

whereas EW systems involve warning authorities by means of regional networks for the prevention of risks (natural, technological, social) and alerting citizens via telecommunications networks (radio, TV, sirens, mobile phones, etc.),

D.

whereas the EU lacks a general, multilingual, simplified and efficient system for alerting citizens about imminent or developing emergencies, and whereas the implementation of such a system is directly relevant to several EU policies (telecommunications, environment, health, internal security and civil protection) and also affects others (transport, energy and tourism),

E.

whereas the EU should establish such a system, in combination with appropriate information and training campaigns, to promote life-saving behaviour among threatened citizens,

1.

Calls on the Member States and the Commission to implement the necessary processes and resources to develop an efficient EW system for citizens in case of imminent or developing major emergencies throughout the EU;

2.

Calls on the Commission to present appropriate legislative proposals in this field, taking into account all the risks and policies involved;

3.

Instructs its President to forward this declaration, together with the names of the signatories, to the Council and the Commission.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/9

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having regard to the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 20 November 2007 entitled ‘Preparing for the “Health Check” of the CAP reform’ (COM(2007)0722),

—

having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 (1) of 29 September 2003 establishing common rules for direct support schemes under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers,

—

having regard to its position of 11 December 2007 on the proposal for a Council regulation amending Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 and Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (2),

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 October 2007 on rising feed and food prices (3),

—

having regard to its position of 26 September 2007 on the proposal for a Council regulation derogating from Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 as regards set aside for the year 2008 (4),

—

having regard its position of 14 February 2007 on the proposal for a Council regulation laying down rules for voluntary modulation of direct payments provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1290/2005 (5),

—

having regard to its resolution of 8 June 2005 on Policy Challenges and Budgetary Means of the enlarged Union 2007-2013 (6),

—

having regard to the Interinstitutional Agreement (IIA) of 17 May 2006 between the European Parliament, the European Council and the Commission on budgetary discipline and sound financial management (7), and in particular Annexes I and III thereto and Declarations Nos 3 and 9 thereof,

—

having regard to the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded (8),

—

having regard to Council Decision of 22 March 2004 adapting the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, following the reform of the common agricultural policy (9),

—

having regard to the mandate given by the European Council to the European Commission for negotiations in the field of agriculture in the European Council Conclusions in preparation of the Third WTO Ministerial Conference of 26 October 1999,

—

having regard to Article 33(2) of the EC Treaty, which has been incorporated, unamended, into the Treaty of Lisbon,

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the opinion of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (A6-0047/2008),

A.

whereas agriculture, together with the downstream food industry, is one of the biggest economic sectors in the EU, plays a decisive role in security of food supply in the EU and is also playing an increasingly important part in building EU energy security,

B.

whereas a common EU agricultural policy (CAP), based on an economic, ecological and social European agricultural model guaranteeing sustainability and security of food supply, will also be necessary in the future; whereas, however, the successful introduction of reforms must be continued, including further boosting rural development,

C.

whereas in future the CAP will need to remove the current obstacles to young people entering agriculture by establishing transfer from one generation to the next as one of its priorities,

D.

whereas reducing bureaucracy in the agricultural sector through the introduction of transparent, simpler and less cumbersome provisions would lead to both lower costs for agricultural holdings and producers and lower administrative expenditure,

E.

whereas the CAP must evolve to deal with very different agricultural and regional structures, while at the same time responding to new challenges such as climate change, soil and water protection, greater openness to the world market and the provision of biomass, raw materials and renewable energy; whereas it needs to be equipped with sufficient resources and to maintain the original objectives of the CAP, as recently reaffirmed in the Treaty of Lisbon, which may be summarised as the production of healthy food products of high quality, thereby guaranteeing supplies for all Europeans at reasonable prices and enabling farmers to maintain their income levels,

F.

Whereas any future changes to the CAP should take into account the specific situation of developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, and avoid endangering the production and commercialisation of agricultural products in such countries,

G.

whereas the system of direct support has, largely successfully, undergone fundamental reform on three occasions since 1992, and all the major market organisations, with the exception of the dairy sector, have done so since 2004,

H.

whereas all developed countries have an agricultural policy; whereas new circumstances, such as the increasing world population, climate change, increasing demand for energy, a reduction in price support and greater openness to the world market are leading, on the one hand, to a rise in market prices for agricultural products in the EU and, on the other hand, to considerably wider fluctuations in yields and greater price volatility, and it is therefore more necessary than ever to continue with the common agricultural policy,

I.

whereas security of food supply (understood in both the quantitative and the qualitative sense) will remain one of the key aims of the CAP, alongside the preservation of ecosystems, without which there can be no sensible, sustainable production, and optimisation of land use throughout the EU,

J.

whereas the EU has made a considerable effort to reduce agricultural spending in relation to the total budget, as a proportion of which it has fallen from almost 80 % in the 1970s to 33 % by the end of the current financial perspective, while the total area given over to farming has increased by 37 % since 2003, owing to the accession of new Member States,

K.

whereas the Heads of State and Government made commitments at the Berlin Summit regarding the guarantee of total expenditure for the first pillar of the CAP until 2013,

L.

whereas the 2004 Act of Accession provides derogations from the application of certain rules of the CAP to the new Member States in order to offset the lower level of direct payments,

M.

whereas there is, in some regions, no alternative to some traditional types of agricultural production, which often constitute key agricultural activities for the regions in question and must therefore be preserved and supported at all costs, on imperative environmental and regional policy grounds and in order to safeguard the economic and social fabric especially in view of the CAP's role in the so-called convergence regions, where agriculture and stockbreeding tend to be of major importance as an instrument of economic development and job creation,

N.

whereas farmers in the EU must be guaranteed stability so as to ensure that their expectations are met and that they are not defrauded of their investments, while in some sectors the regulatory systems need to allow for medium and long-term forecasts,

O.

whereas the EU legislator must avoid discrimination against EU farmers and stockbreeders both within the EU itself and vis-à-vis competitors from third countries, or use suitable instruments to create equal opportunities for EU farmers and stockbreeders (level playing-field); whereas, in particular, it should be ensured that the quality, health, environmental, animal welfare and other standards with which EU farmers are required to comply are also observed by anyone exporting agricultural products to the EU,

P.

whereas the aims of the CAP are formulated in Article 33 of the EC Treaty and, subject to the full ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, all essential legal and budgetary decisions concerning the CAP will require the approval of Parliament,

Q.

whereas guaranteeing security of food supply for EU citizens is a priority, and whereas this can best be achieved through a combination of supporting EU food production and through imports within the framework of the WTO rules; such security of food supply also depends on the EU's contribution to the building up of world stocks (which today are dramatically low), allowing the EU not only to protect itself against shortages, but also to take responsibility with regard to global security of food supply,

R.

whereas there is a need for more detailed reflection on the evolution of the markets and its repercussions on the internal market, given the international context regarding raw material production and prices,

1.

Insists on upholding the concept of a sustainable, competitive and multifunctional agriculture, which maintains the specific character of each sector and area of production and whose basic objective is to supply the population with healthy and safe food products, in sufficient quantities and at reasonable prices for the consumer;

2.

Believes that the 2003 CAP reform was, in key aspects, a great success as it markedly improved the transparency and efficiency of the CAP and the responsibility and market orientation of farmers, and believes that this process must be continued on the basis of respect for the undertaking given by the Heads of State and Government in December 2002 to maintain the first-pillar agricultural funds in full until 2013; points out that, in return, the administration of the CAP and the many EU Directives and Regulations which have an impact on farmers must undergo further, significant simplification so as to relieve the burden on farmers, although this simplification must not lead to a renationalisation of the CAP or to a larger cut in the aids received by farmers in the EU;

3.

Considers the scrapping of all form of regulation within the CMOs to be politically undesirable since, as the current situation shows, European and global reserves stand at dramatically low levels, which is having negative repercussions on consumer purchasing power and farmers' incomes, while at the same time encouraging speculation; emphasises that, besides this, instruments are needed to combat a potential economic downturn and the risks posed by health incidents and increasingly frequent natural disasters arising from the unsettled climate;

4.

Welcomes, therefore, the technical adjustments arising from the above-mentioned Commission Communication aimed at ensuring that the 2003 reform works, and calls on the Commission to underwrite the basic economic principle of stability within the CAP;

5.

Calls on the Commission, with a view to future reforms, to carry out a cost-benefit analysis of the CAP in terms of security of food supply, self-sufficiency of supply and the preservation of rural communities; calls on the Commission to undertake an analysis of the potential cost to the consumer of higher food prices arising from increased world demand vis-à-vis the expenditure represented today by agricultural policy for the public;

6.

Believes that the challenge for the EU as regards the WTO negotiations is to match any future constraints in a way that maximises its domestic welfare; stresses that it is for the EU to make the best use of the available flexibility, e.g. in the case of ‘sensitive products’; stresses, however, that the condition for any WTO agreement on agriculture is to reach an agreement on intellectual property covering geographical indications and recognition of the Non-Trade Concerns as import criteria;

7.

Calls on the Commission, in the context of the current WTO negotiations, to take account of the specific characteristics of agricultural production as a food production sector and a structuring element for territorial balance, preservation of the environment and the safeguarding of adequate quantitative and qualitative levels of food safety;

8.

Considers, however, that the EU must still have sufficient instruments to be able to safeguard against market and supply crises in the agricultural and health sectors in the future;

9.

Stresses the need to proceed to the recognition, in an effective manner and by suitable means (financial and others), of agriculture's productive, environmental and rural functions;

10.

Supports, in principle, the integration of general aims into the CAP, in particular those of security of food supply, territorial coherence, the protection of consumers, the environment, the climate, animals, renewable energy and biodiversity; points out, however, that this must form part of a sustainable development policy combining economic performance, the conservation of natural environments and resources, local development and social justice; points out, however, that the Heads of State and Government have confirmed the aims of the CAP by retaining the substance of Article 33 of the EC Treaty in the Treaty of Lisbon signed on 13 December 2007;

11.

Stresses that the integration of general aims into the CAP should not call into question the production of agricultural and livestock products in the mountain, disadvantaged, remote and island regions of the EU, which use extensive production systems, produce agricultural and livestock products in large measure for the local market but also sell such products on Member States' national markets;

12.

Takes the view that, if the EU introduces stringent requirements for EU farmers and producers, it should ensure that those same requirements are met by anyone exporting agricultural products to the EU and that the EU must push for the inclusion of the general aims referred to above in the WTO negotiations;

13.

Rejects a reduction in the total budget of the first pillar for the period up to 2013 and points out that, at a time of sudden upheavals in agricultural and stockbreeding markets and with ongoing reforms at their mid-term stage, reliability, security and, in particular, respect for the decisions taken in 2003 are crucial concerns for farmers;

14.

Rejects any discrimination according to farm size and legal form in the direct payments but acknowledges at the same time that all redistribution of aid in the first pillar must be based on a holistic assessment of its effects on social and regional cohesion, employment, environment, competitiveness and innovation;

15.

Calls for aid to be reserved exclusively for farmers actively involved in agriculture;

16.

Points out that the above-mentioned Commission Communication pays too little attention to the problems, needs and challenges facing the agricultural sector of the 12 new Member States, and urges that this be taken into account in the forthcoming reforms, and that targeted additional funding for restructuring and modernisation also be considered;

17.

Considers that direct payments will remain vitally necessary in the future as a basic income guarantee, not only in the event of market failure but also for the provision of public goods by farmers and as compensation for Europe's environmental, food safety and security, traceability, animal welfare and social standards, which are very high by international comparison;

18.

Notes, however, that the level of payments does not always seem to be in balance with the compliance efforts made by the farmers concerned, because payments still depend to a large extent on historic spending;

19.

Calls, therefore, for a report by the Commission, which should assess the extra costs which farmers incur due to their compliance with the common standards in the field of the environment, animal welfare and food safety in comparison with their main competitors on the world market; the report should further compare these costs with the actual amount received by farmers in direct payments; the report should be sufficiently specific for different kinds of farmers in the separate Member States; the report should also be published before the decision-making procedures for the common agricultural policy after 2013 start;

20.

Welcomes the proposal of the Commission to allow Member States, on a voluntary basis, more flexibility in moving towards a separation of direct payments from historical reference values and towards a flatter system, and calls on the Commission to clarify, together with the submission of the legislative proposal, whether in view of positive experience in the Member States a faster transition to an area-based regional or national single premium of decoupled payments would be feasible for Member States on a voluntary basis by 2013; notes, however, that those Member States with full (or partial) decoupling based on historical payments may choose to leave this system in place until 2013; calls on the Commission to undertake a study of the potential impact of an area-based premium, in particular with regard to farms with high livestock densities on comparatively small areas;

21.

Stresses that, by opting for a transition to a regional model, account should be taken of the difficulties arising from the particular nature of specific rights for livestock farming, i.e. the fact that some livestock farmers do not have any, or have only a small area of agricultural land, and also the fact that extensive livestock farming in many regions within the EU is based on collective use of commonly held grazing land, which belongs to municipalities, communities or government bodies;

22.

Believes that, given the increasing number of sectors covered by the Single Payment Scheme (SPS), and in light of the experience obtained in implementing that regime, certain decisions and implementing rules appear to be unnecessarily rigid and complicated, and that it therefore seems necessary to redefine the rules, scope and suitable management patterns of its implementation in those Member States and sectors which so wish;

23.

Considers that decoupling of direct payments has in general led to a successful market orientation of EU agriculture, given the increased effect on income and greater autonomy in decision-making on the part of farmers and the associated simplification of the CAP; calls on the Commission to push through the decoupling policy at a faster pace, unless this were to result in considerable social, economic or environmental drawbacks in certain regions, in particular the least favoured regions; notes however, that further impact assessments are to be prepared in order to comprehensively determine the effects of decoupling for specific regions, for production and the land market;

24.

Believes that, in general, decoupling direct aid from agricultural production can in the long term contribute to reducing the negative environmental impact of EU agriculture, provided that it is accompanied by increased support for sustainable practices in rural development;

25.

Points out, that any further decoupling should only take place after careful consideration of the potential effects including, but not limited to, the balance between the different agricultural sectors, the increased danger of monocultures, and the threat to labour-intensive agricultural sectors;

26.

Recognises that the situation regarding headage-based premiums, including milk premiums, is not comparable, in view of serious market distortions caused, inter alia, by rising feed prices, which have a greater effect on certain livestock production systems practised in the EU;

27.

Considers that, in certain regions, such as mountain regions and other regions with specific difficulties (islands, dry or humid areas, outermost regions etc.), where there are no alternatives to relatively labour-intensive livestock farming, a complete decoupling of headage-based premiums may be accompanied by substantial social, economic and environmental drawbacks following changing input prices, which are incompatible with the goals of the Treaty; calls for accurate reference data to be used as a base for awarding payment entitlements in case (partial) decoupling takes place;

28.

Is aware of the key role played by livestock farming in European agriculture, especially in certain countries and regions with large-scale animal husbandry and, as a result, considers that it would be reasonable to partially maintain coupled animal premiums for the time being; recognises the important role these very successful farm holdings play in the regional economy; recalls that Articles 47 to 50 of Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 contain a solution for high livestock densities that should be further explored for the period after 2013;

29.

Considers, however, that this in itself will not be enough; welcomes, therefore, as a first step in the right direction, the announced amendment of Article 69 of Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 (hereinafter referred to as ‘Article 69’); notes, however, that this instrument should not be used as a disguised way of introducing voluntary modulation and a double strengthening of the second pillar; furthermore, this instrument should not lead to renationalisation of the CAP and the level playing field between Member States should be respected as much as possible;

30.

Calls for appropriations under Article 69 to be allocated primarily for measures to promote territorial coherence and strengthen individual sectors, in particular measures to prevent agricultural production, and especially livestock farming, from being abandoned in areas where this would have highly detrimental effects on nature, the countryside or regional development (in particular mountain areas, wetlands or areas affected by water scarcity, other especially disadvantaged areas and grassland in extreme locations), measures designed to restructure and boost key agricultural sectors (e.g. the dairy and beef cattle and sheep sectors), and area-based environmental measures (e.g. organic farming) which to date have not been included in the second pillar and risk management;

31.

Considers that the budget for the revised Article 69 could, subject to the results of an impact assessment and on a voluntary basis, cover up to 12 % of direct payments per Member State;

32.

Calls on the Commission to submit proposals for common rules in respect of Member States' application of Article 69 in order to avoid barriers to trade and distortion of competition as far as possible, incorporating them, where necessary, within the common organisation of the market; calls also for all measures requiring the application of Article 69 to be notified to the Commission; calls, finally, on the Commission to draw up an impact analysis, which should be annexed to its legislative proposal;

33.

Considers that measures designed to strengthen individual sectors should in principle be funded under the first pillar in the long term; considers, therefore, that the Commission must carry out a thorough evaluation of the results of the implementation of the revised Article 69 in preparation for post-2013 reform;

34.

Calls on the Commission, in addition, to submit, by 30 June 2010, a report setting out comprehensively how Community production of arable products as well as security of supply for livestock farming in Europe can be safeguarded in the long term with regard to the different production systems within the EU, multi-functionality and regional aspects (such as mountain, disadvantaged and small island areas); considers that the report should also deal with the question of how far the aims of the CAP, including as they relate to sustainability and social aspects, can be achieved in a more efficient, targeted way by means of decoupled, indirect support, e.g. premiums for extensive grassland and pasture land, a special milk and meat production payment, premiums for stables which are constructed and furnished in line with common animal welfare and environmental standards, or specific instruments for crisis management; stresses that the report needs to answer the question of whether, or to what extent, in view of the specific needs of regions with intensive animal holdings, coupled animal premiums or solutions along the lines of those suggested in Articles 47 to 50 of Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 will still be needed after 2013;

35.

Recommends that those new Member States who so wish should be permitted to apply the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) until 2013, and calls on the Commission to examine whether implementation of the SAPS could be further simplified by amending the rules on areas eligible for aid;

36.

Believes that all budgetary appropriations earmarked for CAP implementation that are saved, or are not utilised, should be spent within the CAP;

37.

Considers that direct payments will also be required after 2013, but that these need to be based on new objective criteria, notably on direct employment generated by farms, or developed more clearly in the direction of a reward for farmers for land stewardship or compensation for certain effective services of general interest or for specific standards, including animal welfare standards, and that the extent to which the significant differences between regional area payments within Europe and the different funding for the second pillar are appropriate, should be examined; calls on the Commission to propose suitable measures designed to ensure that the full rate of direct payments is received only by persons and undertakings which are actually involved in agriculture;

38.

Supports, after an appropriate phasing-out period, the gradual integration of production-based payment schemes which are smaller and therefore very cumbersome to administer (dried fodder, hemp, flax, potato starch) into the single area payment scheme, unless this were to result in considerable social, economic or environmental drawbacks in particular regions; if necessary, for reasons of regional policy, accompanying measures should be provided for in accordance with Article 69; calls on the Commission to carry out a case-by case analysis of its economic and regional impact, which demonstrates that this is the appropriate solution and identifies the necessary timeframe for its implementation; stresses that decoupling should not jeopardise the very existence of the forms of production concerned;

39.

Supports the immediate abolition of the set-aside obligation, a volume control instrument which has lost its significance in a decoupled direct payment system and is extremely cumbersome to administer, and the conversion of set-aside entitlements into normal entitlements;

40.

Considers that, against the background of a reduction in the areas under set-aside following the increase in demand for agricultural products, any environmental advantages procured through set-aside, such as crop pollination by bees, can be better and more directly obtained by Member States through measures under the second pillar and by altering the definition of the maintenance of good agricultural and environmental conditions (GAEC) to facilitate development of the biodiversity of wildlife and its habitats;

41.

Calls for the gradual abolition of the energy crop premium in the course of a phasing-out period, because energy crop premiums are very cumbersome to administer and have little or no energy policy advantages in the current market environment;

42.

Calls for the appropriations which have not been used as a result of abolishing the energy crop premium to be made available, inter alia, specifically for accompanying measures in connection with the organisation of the milk market, especially in mountain areas and other areas with specific difficulties;

43.

Calls on the Commission to make available unused appropriations under the agriculture budget which were earmarked for market management measures such as intervention, export subsidies or storage, primarily on the basis of Article 69 for strengthening the economy in rural areas, in particular agricultural holdings, in keeping with rural development objectives;

44.

Considers that direct payments without cross-compliance (CC) can no longer be justified; emphasises in that respect that the new Member States must be assisted by the EU in the application of the CC rules in the course of a transitional period;

45.

Rejects any widening of the scope of CC, in view of reductions in direct payments, as long as Member States and the Commission fail to make substantial progress in simplifying and harmonising monitoring rules and the Commission does not present an overview of the costs connected with CC to farmers; refers in this context to its position of 11 December 2007;

46.

Considers that CC should be restricted to checks on essential standards of the European model of production and standards to which systematic and harmonised checks in the different Member States can be applied;

47.

Calls for greater effectiveness of CC in relation to its objectives and a more homogeneous implementation across the Member States; calls on the Commission to develop clearer guidelines to assist the Member States in implementation;

48.

Calls for an end to disproportionate burdens placed on livestock farming by CC; calls, in particular, for a critical examination of certain hygiene and identification standards (e.g. ear tags);

49.

Could envisage a modest adaptation of the requirements to maintain GAEC and sustainable land management with regard to altered environmental and production conditions (climate change, biomass), if the introduction of the new requirements in a comparable way throughout Europe were guaranteed;

50.

Considers that Member States applying the SAPS should be entitled to implement the CC principle progressively, in order to be able to properly prepare for the introduction of the necessary control systems and convince farmers of the need to meet the appointed standards;

51.

Calls on the Commission to press on with the simplification of the CAP and, in so doing, regularly to review items of legislation to determine whether they are necessary and whether their actual provisions are expedient; states, in this regard, that it should propose additional measures, such as simplified transfer rules for payment entitlements in the event of non-activation, merging of minimum payment entitlements, introduction of a single premium in the case of small recipients, simplification, reduction or abolition of the rules governing the national reserve, depending on the transition to the regional/national single area payment, waiving the cancellation of payment entitlements in the event of non-use, abolition of handwritten registries for cattle and other livestock;

52.

Calls further on the Member States to ensure timely payments, and on the Commission to allow prepayments to be made to farmers;

53.

Calls on the Commission to create the necessary mechanisms to ensure that third-country imports meet the same standards as Community products in terms of conditionality, food safety, etc;

54.

Considers that, in view of the anticipated increase in environmental and climate dangers and in the risk of epidemics and considerable price fluctuations in the agricultural markets, additional risk prevention is of vital importance as a safety net;

55.

Recalls that market-oriented production, appropriate crop rotation, diversification, financial market instruments, supply chain contracts and insurance are all important ways in which farmers can protect themselves against risk and that, in principle, responsibility for appropriate risk prevention lies with farmers;

56.

Believes that, in order to address market failure, the intervention system should be kept and reformed into a strict safety net for exceptional circumstances with rules based on world market trends;

57.

Supports, therefore, the Commission's proposal to lower the intervention thresholds for market crops to zero, maintaining an — if appropriate reduced — intervention threshold only in the case of wheat;

58.

Considers that private sector or mixed insurance schemes, such as multi-hazard insurance, must be developed as a matter of urgency in view of increasing risks; is aware of the fact that this can only succeed with public contributions to the financing; underlines the fact that the introduction of these schemes must not under any circumstances endanger the level playing field between the different Member States; calls on the Commission to consider introducing or supporting a Community-wide reinsurance system in the future, with a view to dealing with problems arising from climate-related or environmental disasters;

59.

Recalls that almost all relevant third countries operate this kind of State-aided system;

60.

Considers that, as a result, a first step should be the creation of sources of financing for the national or regional funding of risk insurance schemes starting in 2009, to take account of the various potential risks in Europe; considers also that the Commission should examine the extent to which producer groups, sectoral and interprofessional associations and private insurance companies can be incorporated into the schemes;

61.

Considers that, in view of the completely different conditions in the individual sectors, different sectoral solutions (comparable to the solution in the fruit and vegetable sector) are probably preferable to horizontal approaches;

62.

Considers that these measures should be partly funded under the first pillar on the basis of Article 69, since they fall within the scope of market policy;

63.

Requests the Commission to consider the possibility of introducing instruments for managing market crises and climate crises, aimed at producer groups and cooperatives, to help them bear the costs associated with a fall in the aggregate amount contributed by their members;

64.

Considers that risk management and risk prevention measures must not be allowed to lead to the reintroduction of support measures based on production;

65.

Considers, therefore, that the Commission must develop a common framework for the funding of risk management systems by Member States on the basis of respect for the systems currently in use or approved by the Commission in the past, in order to exclude, as far as possible, effects that distort competition and trade, if necessary by establishing common rules within the single market organisations;

66.

Calls on the Commission to submit, by 30 June 2010, a comprehensive analysis of existing risk management systems and possibilities for their further development at Community level after 2013;

67.

Points out that the imposition of degressive ceilings, modulation and budgetary discipline may, if the Commission's proposals are implemented, have a substantial redistributive impact in certain regions;

68.

Considers that any change in rural development appropriations which is incompatible with the agreed (sub)ceilings of Annex III of the Interinstitutional Agreement (IIA) of 17 May 2006, must be agreed by all three signatory parties;

69.

Points out that there has been as yet no impact assessment of the effects of further modulation, degressivity and minimum thresholds on the labour market in rural areas and regional cohesion; points out that, for that reason, an assessment of the first pillar must be carried out;

70.

Stresses that the lower limits proposed by the Commission could have a non-negligible impact in some Member States and may affect the distribution of CAP payments between Member States, whereas the upper limit implies a transfer of some 500 million euro from the first to the second pillar; recalls that there are serious doubts remaining regarding the present cost-effectiveness of second pillar measures; believes, therefore, that savings coming from the possible application of this measure should remain within the first pillar;

71.

Rejects the Commission proposal on degressivity (with a reduction of up to 45 %) in its present form, as there is no clear link between the size and wealth of a farm, and as it fails to factor in the workforce needed to maintain a large scale agricultural holding; the Commission proposal would put large farms or associations at an unjustifiable disadvantage and lead to a reduction in the workforce and the destruction of well-developed, competitive structures and would result in the splitting of farms purely for support-related reasons, which would cause structural fracturing in some regions of Europe;

72.

Considers that degressivity and/or the establishment of maximum ceilings can only be acceptable on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the consequences for the job market and regional policies, and only if it became possible for account to be taken of the number of full-time workers covered by social security or certain farm structures (farms run by several families, cooperative organisations, etc.) compram or the total farm labour costs, with a view to a reduction of degressivity; calls on the Commission to bear in mind that smaller farms joining together to form a single legal entity in order to create economies of scale and become more competitive should not be disadvantaged;

73.

Calls for any funds resulting from degressivity to be kept in the regions or Member State concerned, where they will be used, for example, to finance measures in accordance with Article 69 or under the second pillar; calls for these funds to be applied directly for the benefit of farmers;

74.

Supports the proposed raising of the minimum thresholds, in light also of the 2006 annual report of the Court of Auditors, which could be set at one hectare or the corresponding amount of 250 euro, combined with the introduction of a single premium or a minimum lump sum for small recipients; states, however, that in duly justified cases of major differences in agricultural structures, Member States should be granted the option of setting the minimum thresholds;

75.

Supports, however, the efforts of the Commission to secure appropriate financing for a sustainable policy for rural areas under the second pillar of the CAP, although that objective must not be attained at the expense of the first pillar;

76.

Points out that, in view of the already drastic nature of individual reductions, a further reduction in direct payments of 8 % cannot, in the absence of an impact assessment, be accepted;

77.

Considers that, in light of widespread calls for a reduction in large payments, a progressive modulation could be envisaged, on the basis of the available information and on the basis of an impact assessment taking into account farm structure (associations etc), farm labour and/or labour costs and specific production types in the different direct payment systems (for example, specific problems of farms and regions with high density livestock on comparatively small areas).

The funds from the progressive modulation are to be distributed according to the prevailing rules governing modulation funds and to remain in the regions or Member State in which they accrue;

The European Parliament could envisage a progressive modulation in the following form:

78.

Calls for voluntary modulation to be replaced by compulsory modulation;

79.

Considers that modulation funds should be made available primarily using the Leader method and for measures aimed at combating the loss of biodiversity, risk insurance, adapting to climate change, measures targeting the sustainable use of biomass, accompanying measures for structural reform (e.g. organisation of the milk market), safeguarding production in mountain or small island regions and other similarly disadvantaged areas, quality assurance including animal welfare measures, organic farming, disposal measures and adapting to technical advances; calls for all these measures to be targeted directly at farmers;

80.

Is aware that the current system of milk quotas in its present form is unlikely to be continued after 2015, and calls on the Commission to carry out a comprehensive examination of how the organisation of the milk market might look in the future; calls on the Commission to put forward for the period after 2015 a convincing plan for the milk sector that guarantees the continuation of milk production in Europe, including in mountain regions, outlying regions, and other regions with specific difficulties;

81.

Draws the Commission's attention to its decisions (10) in connection with the mini-milk package concerning market measures and the milk fund;

82.

Calls on all parties involved to use the time up until 2015 to stabilise or strengthen market positions, and ensure a ‘soft landing’ for the European dairy sector, preferably by structural quota increases;

83.

Calls for the milk quota to be adjusted according to the market in response to changes in demand on world markets; considers, therefore, that quotas should be increased by 2 % in the milk year 2008/2009 on a voluntary basis for each Member State; calls on the Commission to allocate the increase to the national reserve; calls for an annual review of the quota;

84.

Calls, furthermore, for a substantial reduction in the super-levy for the 2009/2010 milk year and further decreases in subsequent years in order to counterbalance a rise in quota prices and for Europe-wide ex-post offsetting of quotas in order to enable quotas to be better utilised;

85.

Calls for specific accompanying measures to prevent the dairy industry in mountain regions and other regions with particular difficulties from being abandoned in cases where there are no alternatives to the traditional dairy industry or where abandoning agricultural activity would lead to the loss of areas of natural significance;

86.

Considers that sufficient funds to maintain the dairy industry — especially in mountain areas, outermost regions (such as the Azores) and other regions with comparable difficulties — must be made available, primarily by means of Article 69, e.g. by means of top-ups to area payments (comparable to measures in the sugar sector), in the form of premiums for dairy cattle, for grassland or extensive grazing, of a specific milk payment or special regional programmes to reinforce or restructure the sector and to promote specific high-quality products;

87.

Considers that strengthening of producer associations, sectoral and inter-professional organisations could constitute a further element of the revised Article 69;

88.

Asks the Commission and the Member States to examine the possibility of a non-linear increase in national quotas with a view to introducing additional increases for Member States where the production quotas have traditionally been in deficit;

89.

Considers that, in order to finance these measures, it is necessary to create a specific fund (Milk Fund), which could be partly financed from the savings arising from the reform of the sector;

90.

Points out that the strengths, and the future, of European agriculture are to be found in regional, traditional and other recognised high quality products and value-added products;

91.

Calls on the Commission, in this connection, to introduce a ‘European mark’ to identify the quality of EU agricultural and food production on the European market as well as the international markets, and identifying the strict standards, in relation to the environment, animal welfare and food safety under which production takes place;

92.

Calls, therefore, on the Commission to present a comprehensive plan for improving the marketing of high quality European products at home and abroad, e.g. by means of information and promotion campaigns, support for the formation and development of the activities of producer organisations or other forms of sectoral organisation and introducing targeted labelling which sets out, in particular, the origin of the agricultural raw materials used and that is clearer and more transparent for consumers;

93.

Calls on the Commission to increase, as part of a budget adjustment process, the appropriations earmarked for information and promotion campaigns on the internal market and external markets;

94.

Calls on the Commission to consider the need for a genuine communication policy dealing with the CAP which would be designed to reduce the gulf between the agricultural world and society, and which would not function solely as a promotional and advertising mechanism;

95.

Considers that producer and inter-professional organisations require further bolstering and support, particularly in Member States in which there are only a small number of such organisations, so as to give farmers a better market position with regard to retail and trade and, concurrently, quality assurance systems in the food production chain should be promoted, including alternatives to existing manufacturing practices;

96.

Calls on the Commission and the Member States to take the necessary measures to prevent speculative activity, capturing of the market in food products and the formation of cartels by food companies exploiting the present absence of legislation or controls, producers' and consumers' lack of organisation, and the lack of suitable infrastructures, measures which are aimed exclusively at boosting profits, reducing producer prices and imposing high prices on consumers;

97.

Regrets that the Commission missed the opportunity to tackle more broadly the problems linked to increased imports of food and feed which do not correspond to EU standards and thus risk undermining the EU's achievements in environmental, animal welfare and social conditioning of public aid; calls on the Commission to propose measures to remedy this situation as soon as possible, and to ensure compliance with Community environmental and health legislation;

98.

Calls on the Commission to develop as a matter of urgency a comprehensive plan to push through European non-trade concerns in world trade talks, in particular the issue of the recognition and protection of geographical indications, animal welfare, the state of health of imported animal and plant products etc., so as to prevent unfair competition against European producers and to avoid the export of animal welfare and environmental problems to third countries; calls on the Commission to actively advocate in the WTO negotiations the concept of qualified market access with a view to promoting sustainability standards in agriculture;

99.

Points out that European agriculture will not be sustainable in future without appropriate external protection; calls, therefore, for application of the same quality and safety standards to third-country products as to EU products;

100.

Takes the view that the abolition of export subsidies should be combined with promotional activities conducted in third countries;

101.

Recalls that in the context of climate change, two main policy challenges emerge for agriculture: the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change and the adaptation to climate change impacts; stresses that this means that agriculture faces a double challenge: reducing its own emissions while adapting to the expected effects of global warming;

102.

Stresses that climate change is not only an environmental but also a social and economic problem and, therefore, environmental concerns and efforts in the agricultural sector, one of the most vulnerable sectors that directly depend on climatic factors, should take into account the need to guarantee the economic and social viability of rural areas;

103.

Recalls that agriculture's contribution to the greenhouse effect (as a source of two powerful greenhouse gases: methane and nitrous oxide) is limited, and is diminishing in the EU, due to the implementation of measures already in place within the CAP framework such as CC, agri-environmental schemes and other rural development measures;

104.

Calls on the Commission to examine the extent to which these achievements can be further improved by integrating agriculture into the Kyoto Mechanisms;

105.

Considers that the supply of renewable energy from agriculture should not be pursued one-sidedly to the detriment of livestock farming and of the security of food supply of people in Europe and throughout the world, of sustainability and of biodiversity; calls on the Commission, therefore, to carry out an impact assessment of support measures for renewable energy in the context of security of food supply and the environment; calls for appropriate funding for research and the introduction of recent and efficient energy technologies which exploit biomass to the full (e.g. second generation biofuels); strongly reiterates the fact that, in the short term, biogas plants based on animal-origin residues have the largest, most sustainable potential for growth in terms of providing additional energy from biomass;

106.

Underlines the strong relationship between agricultural activity and water quality and quantity, and stresses that pressures from agriculture on the water environment need to be managed in a sustainable manner; believes that environmental legislation in combination with the ‘polluter pays’ principle should be the guiding principle for the effective achievement of sustainable water management and environmental objectives;

107.

Considers that development of the system of agricultural payments must continue beyond 2013 and calls on the Commission to present, by 30 June 2010, not least in view of the fact that European farmers need long-term planning security, a comprehensive analysis of possible ways of reshaping the system, in particular by setting strategic objectives which reflect the development of European agriculture as a means of exploiting innovation, making good use of land, guaranteeing production quality, maintaining farmers' incomes and safeguarding the environment and security of food supply; calls on the Commission to examine a thorough-going administrative simplification, in particular for annual premium payments of less than 20 000euro per recipient;

108.

Points out that biodiversity is affected, created and threatened by agriculture; considers that global, local and EU efforts are needed to protect the valuable ecosystem services that biodiversity provides, namely air and water purification, pollination of crops and protection from erosion;

109.

Points out that in the current programme period 2007-2013, rural development (and its financing instrument EARDF) as the second pillar of CAP has an important regional impact; urges the Commission to exploit the possibilities for a more coherent implementation in relation to the regional policy programmes (structural funds) in order to come to an integrated approach in fields where synergy can be obtained;

110.

Believes that there can be no rural development without agricultural activity, and that the objective must be to ensure economic viability for the inhabitants of rural areas and to improve their quality of life;

111.

Urges the Commission to present a coherent set of proposals in order to maintain and develop sustainable agricultural activity, especially in less-favoured areas and areas with natural disadvantages, as these are of crucial importance for protecting biodiversity and preserving ecosystems;

112.

Calls on the Commission to step up research and technology transfer measures, particularly in order to promote more environmentally and ecosystem-friendly production methods in the interests of sustainable agriculture;

113.

Draws attention to successful projects around the EU where cooperation at local and regional level between farmers, environmental groups and authorities has successfully reduced the environmental impact of agriculture;

114.

Considers, especially, that any future system must focus more strongly on aspects of the social, economic and territorial coherence and integrated development of rural and also peri-urban areas, reinforcing key agricultural sectors, rewarding effort and compensating for extra burdens, and risk management; considers that the relationship between the first and the second pillar must be entirely redefined for this purpose;

115.

Takes the view that European agriculture can provide environmentally-friendly solutions to the most pressing problems facing our urbanised society in peri-urban regions as well, and can thus contribute to achieving the objectives of the both the Lisbon and Göteborg strategies;

116.

Draws attention to the particular role played by farmers in peri-urban areas; peri-urban farmers and land managers can promote solutions that meet both Lisbon (knowledge, research, innovation) and Goteborg (sustainability) objectives;

*

**

117.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/23

—

having regard to the EC Treaty, and in particular Articles 3 and 13 thereof,

—

having regard to Council Decision 2006/144/EC of 20 February 2006 on Community strategic guidelines for rural development (programming period 2007 to 2013) (1),

—

having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 of 20 September 2005 on support for rural development by the European Agriculture Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (2),

—

having regard to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1974/2006 of 15 December 2006 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (3),

—

having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1290/2005 of 21 June 2005 on the financing of the common agricultural policy (4),

—

having regard to Council Directive 86/613/EEC of 11 December 1986 on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity, including agriculture, in a self-employed capacity, and on the protection of self-employed women during pregnancy and motherhood (5),

—

having regard to Directive 2006/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (6),

—

having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1260/1999 of 21 June 1999 laying down general provisions on the Structural Funds (7),

—

having regard to the Council Resolution of 2 December 1996 on mainstreaming equal opportunities for men and women into the European Structural Funds (8),

—

having regard to its resolution of 13 March 2003 on the objectives of equality of opportunities between women and men in the use of the Structural Funds (9),

—

having regard to the Council Conclusions of 22 July 2003 on employment in rural areas under the European Employment Strategy (10),

—

having regard to the ‘Review of the EU's Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS) — Renewed Strategy’ (11),

—

having regard to the Commission communication to the Spring European Council entitled ‘Working together for growth and jobs. A new start for the Lisbon Strategy’ (COM(2005)0024),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Tackling the pay gap between women and men’ (COM(2007)0424),

—

having regard to the Commission communication entitled ‘Employment in rural areas: closing the jobs gap’ (COM(2006)0857) and the accompanying Commission staff working document (SEC(2006)1772),

—

having regard to the publication ‘Women active in rural development: Assuring the future of rural Europe’ (12),

—

having regard to SERA — Study of Employment in Rural Areas 2006,

—

having regard to the 2006 Report ‘Rural Development in the European Union — Statistical and Economic Information’,

—

having regard to the Conclusions of the Lisbon European Council of 23 and 24 March 2000 on the Lisbon Strategy for employment and growth,

—

having regard to the Conclusions of the second European conference on rural development in Salzburg ‘Planting seeds for rural futures — building a policy that can deliver our ambitions’, held on 12 to 14 November 2003,

—

having regard to the reports of the European Foundation for Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) on ‘First European Quality of Life Survey: Urban-rural differences’, ‘Social capital and job creation in rural Europe’ and ‘Women's entrepreneurship in rural areas’,

—

having regard to Council Decision 2005/600/EC of 12 July 2005 on guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States (13),

—

having regard to the Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion 2007 (14),

—

having regard to the European Pact for Gender Equality adopted by the Brussels European Council of 23 and 24 March 2006,

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 June 1993 on the assessment of women's unwaged work (15),

—

having regard to its resolution of 3 July 2003 on women in rural areas of the European Union in the light of the mid-term review of the common agricultural policy (16), and its resolution of 13 March 2007 on a roadmap for equality between women and men (2006-2010) (17),

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (A6-0031/2008),

A.

whereas, from a European perspective, rural areas (18) are dealt with via the common agricultural policy (CAP); whereas this resolution deals with the second pillar of the CAP, i.e. rural development, and whereas, however, social and economic policies must also be taken into consideration,

B.

whereas one of the major rural development policy objectives of the European Union is to enhance the quality of life in rural areas and to promote diversification of economic activities,

C.

whereas making rural areas more attractive requires the promotion of sustainable, integrated growth and the generation of new employment opportunities, particularly for women and young people, as well as the provision of high-quality health and social services,

D.

whereas the economic and social changes that rural areas are undergoing do not affect all women in the same way, offering opportunities to some and causing very serious challenges to, and problems for, others,

E.

whereas the Lisbon targets on generating growth and promoting the social market economy can only be met by making full use of the significant potential of women in the labour market in both rural and urban areas,

F.

whereas women's labour is often regarded as an unlimited natural resource to be exploited and whereas, furthermore, the inequitable segregation of the labour market is becoming ever more rigid,

G.

whereas, for both men and women, employment rates are lower in rural areas, and, additionally, a lot of women are never active in the official labour market and, therefore, are neither registered as unemployed nor included in unemployment statistics; whereas rural areas are badly affected by the lack of high-quality employment opportunities,

H.

whereas the implementation of Directive 86/613/ΕEC has not been effective nor fulfilled the original objectives of the Directive, in particular that of improving the status of assisting spouses,

I.

whereas many women in rural areas are engaged in occupations which are comparable to a professional activity but are not recognised, protected or paid as such,

J.

whereas only a small number of women are the owners of farms — typically small-sized economic operations with low profitability — and most women in rural areas work alongside their male companions (fathers, brothers or husbands), who have exclusive property rights to the farm in question (agriculture or stockbreeding),

K.

whereas situations in rural areas vary considerably, both between the Member States and within individual Member States, and whereas, therefore, rural areas with differing development potential all have to be given adequate support, as do the people living in those areas,

L.

whereas rural areas can offer a high quality of life for families with children and for elderly people, but still posit a wide range of challenges, such as a lack of education and training infrastructureat all levels and inadequate social services networks without, for example, a sufficient number of appropriate child-care facilities, outreach services and care for elderly or sick people or those with disabilities, as well as facing pressure from ongoing agricultural restructuring and environmental protection measures,

M.

whereas the significant contribution made by women to local and community development is inadequately reflected in their participation in the relevant decision-making processes,

N.

whereas women mostly volunteer for work within and in relation to their families, and the family is the fundamental social unit,

O.

whereas rural areas are particularly affected by ageing populations, low population density and, in some areas, depopulation,

P.

whereas the emigration of females in economically active age groups continues to result in a degree of ‘masculinisation’ of the rural population, with negative consequences for the quality of life of the community and demographic trends,

Q.

whereas women in rural areas, in particular, spend a lot of time driving their children and other family members to doctors, schools and sports and whereas young people are disadvantaged by the lack of local public transport services and therefore have fewer opportunities to find vocational training or work,

R.

whereas the obstacles to access to information and communication technologies are greater in rural areas, especially for women,

S.

whereas rural areas offer real opportunities in term of their potential for growth in new sectors and the provision of rural amenities, craft activities and tourism, which are mostly run by women and are a significant economic factor for underdeveloped, but scenically interesting, areas,

T.

whereas more consideration should be given to gender budgeting with a view to effective governance of rural development programmes and, in particular, better targeting of funding at the specific needs of women in such areas,

U.

whereas the elimination of inequalities and the promotion of equal opportunities for men and women are prime objectives of Regulation (EC) No 1260/1999,

1.

Is convinced that mainstreaming gender into the rural sector is a key strategy not only for the promotion of equality between women and men but also for economic growth and sustainable rural development;

2.

Calls on the Commission to improve statistical data and information as regards this phenomenon and to analyse the patterns of, main reasons for and consequences of emigration from rural areas in the EU; calls on the Member States to develop strategies aimed at curbing emigration of women from rural areas, especially those who are highly educated;

3.

Calls on the Member States, in collaboration with regional and local government and business, to create incentives to improve the level of education and training of women and promote their participation in the labour force, in particular by getting rid of any discrimination against women on the labour market, with the aim of addressing the problem of poverty and social exclusion in rural areas; notes that poverty is widespread in rural communities, especially in the new Member States;

4.

Calls on the Member States to adopt suitable measures for self-employed women with regard to maternity and sick leave;

5.

Calls on the Commission to provide statistics on poverty and social exclusion disaggregated not only by gender and age but also by the urban/rural dimension;

6.

Calls on the Member States to support the transition from agricultural-based rural areas to rural areas with broader economic bases;

7.

Calls on the Member States to implement policies to improve the general living conditions of women in rural areas with a special focus on women who are disabled, victims of gender-related violence, immigrants, members of ethnic minorities or subject to various forms of discrimination, and to safeguard the future of rural areas by offering accessible rural services, such as postal services, broadband and new applied-technology services, cultural and sports centres, fire brigades and general public services;

8.

Calls on the European Union institutions, the Member States and the regional and local authorities to facilitate access to information and communication technologies in the countryside, and to foster equal opportunities as regards that access, through policies and activities aimed at women in rural areas;

9.

Calls on the Member States to promote women's entrepreneurship, support female business networks, such as tutoring/coaching models or alliances of female entrepreneurs, and design initiatives targeted at improving the entrepreneurial attitude, skills and capabilities of women in rural areas and to promote women's representation on the managerial bodies of enterprises and associations;

10.

Calls on the European Union institutions, the Member States and the regional and local authorities to support projects to promote — and business start-up advice for — the creation of innovative primary agricultural production enterprises in rural areas that are apt to provide new jobs taken up predominantly by women, with the main spheres of action being unused or under-utilised products, adding value to agricultural products and seeking sales outlets for these, the use of new technologies and contributing to the economic diversification of the area and the provision of services enabling the reconciliation of working and family life;

11.

Calls on the Council, the Commission and the Member States to increase financing for innovative measures for women in rural areas; calls on the Commission to set up Leader networking projects for the exchange of experiences and best practice;

12.

Stresses the need to give the greatest possible value to women's work, including that of immigrant women, who do not belong to families owning farms and provide labour in the fields, and are especially affected by the difficulties related to their position as women in the world of agriculture;

13.

Calls on the Member States and the Commission to take account of the substantial group of — usually female — partners assisting with farming and in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), who, in many Member States, suffer from a lack of legal status, which leads to specific financial and legal problems in relation to the right to maternity and sick leave, the acquisition of pension rights and access to social security, as well as in the event of divorce;

14.

Calls on the Member States to develop the legal construct of shared ownership, in order to ensure that women's rights in the agricultural sector are fully recognised, appropriate protection in the field of social security and recognition of their work;

15.

Calls on the Member States to provide ideological and financial support for unremunerated work and voluntary work; highlights the important social tasks that women's associations perform in this regard; calls, nevertheless, for structural changes that allow women greater access to active paid employment;

16.

Points out that women in rural areas are more affected by hidden unemployment than men due to traditional role models and the poor endowment of many areas with the appropriate infrastructure, such as childcare facilities;

17.

Calls on the Member States, in cooperation with regional authorities, to encourage the establishment of regional resource centres for women, particularly those between the ages of 25 and 60 who face unemployment, and to support them in taking steps towards self-employment or in developing services within their own communities through grassroots consultation and needs assessment;

18.

Calls on the Member States to improve education and training facilities and to promote the development of social service networks for childcare and care for the elderly, sick and disabled, as a vehicle for the reconciliation of men and women's working, family and personal lives in rural areas; calls also for the improvement of health services, especially the availability of primary health care; calls on the Member States to assure the provision of paramedical and emergency doctors' services in rural areas;

19.

Draws attention to the strong taboos surrounding sexual and/or domestic violence against women and girls in rural areas; calls on the Member States to take appropriate measures to ensure better protection of and support for of victims and those at risk of becoming victims of such violence;

20.

Urges the Member States to address the lack of good transport infrastructure in rural areas and to develop positive policies to improve access to transport for all, particularly disabled persons, as transport continues to be a factor in entrenching social exclusion and inequality in society, primarily affecting women;

21.

Calls on the Commission, in the framework of the revision of rural development programmes, to closely monitor the integration of the gender perspective into the rural development programmes submitted by the Member States;

22.

Welcomes, in this connection, ESF/EQUAL projects which seek to highlight and improve the position of women within agriculture and in rural areas; calls on the Commission and the Member States to promote such projects within the European Union;

23.

Calls on the Member States to support companies that invest in rural areas and offer high-quality employment to women;

24.

Calls on the EU institutions, the Member States and regional and local authorities to encourage the holding of fora for the exchange of knowledge or similar activities, both nationally and internationally, specifically regarding the situation of women in rural areas;

25.

Points to the fact that women are under-represented in formal rural or regional leadership positions, despite the fact that they play an important role in the ‘informal’ community, where women often play an essential social role by influencing the emergence of social capital through their involvement in informal local networks (e.g. in the framework of voluntary community work or various thematic associations);

26.

Calls on the relevant national, regional and local authorities to encourage the participation of women in local action groups and the development of local partnerships under the Leader axis, as well as to ensure gender-balanced participation on their management boards;

27.

Regrets the fact that the Commission has not responded to Parliament's above-mentioned resolution of 3 July 2003 by undertaking a radical revision of Directive 86/613/ΕEC, despite the fact that the Commission itself acknowledges that the application of that directive to date has been ineffective and that minimal progress has been made in recognising the work of, and providing adequate protection for, assisting spouses of persons engaged in self-employed or agricultural activity in the Member States; calls again on the Commission to submit, by the end of 2008, a proposal for a revised directive providing for independent social and pension rights for women assisting on agricultural holdings and women assisting in SMEs;

28.

Deeply regrets, moreover, the fact that the Commission has yet to make any practical response to Parliament's previous resolutions on the situation of spouses assisting persons engaged in self-employed activities, which included calls for:

29.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions, and to the executive and elective bodies responsible for equal opportunities at local, regional, and national level in the Member States.

—

Predominantly Rural region (PR): if more than 50 % of the population of the region is living in rural communes (with less than 150 inhabitants/km2)

—

Intermediate Region (IR): if 15 % to 50 % of the population of the region is living in rural local units

—

Predominantly Urban region (PU): if less than 15 % of the population of the region is living in rural local units.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/29

—

having regard to the Communication from the Commission of 7 December 2005 entitled ‘Biomass action plan’ (COM(2005)0628),

—

having regard to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament of 10 January 2007 entitled ‘Renewable Energy Road Map — Renewable energies in the 21st century: building a more sustainable future’ (COM(2006)0848),

—

having regard to the Communication from the Commission of 26 November 1997 entitled ‘Energy for the future: renewable sources of energy — White Paper for a Community strategy and action plan’ (COM(1997)0599),

—

having regard to Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market (1),

—

having regard to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament of 26 May 2004 entitled ‘The share of renewable energy in the EU — Commission Report in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC, evaluation of the effect of legislative instruments and other Community policies on the development of the contribution of renewable energy sources in the EU and proposals for concrete actions’ (COM(2004)0366),

—

having regard to Decision No 1230/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 adopting a multiannual programme for action in the field of energy: ‘Intelligent Energy — Europe’ (2003-2006) (2) and the Communication from the Commission of 8 February 2006 entitled ‘An EU Strategy for Biofuels’ (COM(2006)0034),

—

having regard to Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport (3),

—

having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 (4) of 29 September 2003 establishing common rules for direct support schemes under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers, and Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 of 20 September 2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (5),

—

having regard to Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol (6),

—

having regard to Council Directive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003 restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity (7),

—

having regard to its resolution of 29 September 2005 on the share of renewable energy in the EU and proposals for concrete actions (8),

—

having regard to its resolution of 23 March 2006 on the promotion of crops for non-food purposes (9),

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the opinions of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (A6-0034/2008),

A.

whereas the above-mentioned Commission Communication of 26 November 1997 sets the target of increasing energy from renewable sources from 6 % in 1995 to 12 % by 2010,

B.

whereas the Commission stated, in its above-mentioned Communication of 7 December 2005 that, to achieve this goal, the amount of energy produced from biomass would need to more than double,

C.

whereas agriculture and forestry in the EU have substantially contributed to mitigating the effects of climate change, as evidenced by the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by 10 % between 1990 and 2004 in the EU-15, and by 14 % in the EU-25; whereas it is expected that, by 2010, EU agriculture emissions will be 16 % below their 1990 level,

D.

whereas there is significant potential for a considerable increase in biogas production, particularly given the potential contributions from livestock production (livestock manure), sludge, waste, and plants unsuitable for food and feed production as preferred biogas materials; whereas, however, account must be taken of the impact of using farm manure for energy on soil structure and soil life,

E.

whereas so far only 50 PJ of biogas are produced yearly using livestock manure, energy plants, sludge and organic waste, while the potential from manure alone is 827 PJ,

F.

whereas the production of biogas and biogas installations are unevenly distributed in the EU, further demonstrating the fact that this potential is not used to its full extent,

G.

whereas biogas can be exploited in many useful ways, including electricity production, heating, cooling, fuelling cars, etc.,

H.

whereas the use of biomass for electricity can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and it is considered to be one of the cheapest energy sources for heating,

I.

whereas the development of biogas installations based on energy plants has slowed considerably due to fast-rising grain prices, food supply and environmental concerns,

J.

whereas concerns in relation to the connection between bioenergy production (primarily bioethanol and biodiesel) and rising grain and food prices on the world market do not relate to biogas production using livestock manure, sludge, organic waste and crop by-products unsuitable for food and feed production, and safe processing of these materials is, in any event, a necessary task,

K.

whereas livestock manure in the new Member States comes mainly in the mixed form of 20 % straw, or more, and there can be lengthy periods between manure production and manure removal, which is not suitable for any type of fermentation,

1.

Recognises that biogas is a vital energy source that contributes to sustainable economic, agricultural and rural development and environmental protection;

2.

Stresses the contribution that biogas can make to reducing the EU's energy dependence;

3.

Stresses that biogas production from livestock manure, sludge and municipal, animal and organic waste contributes to energy diversification and can, therefore, not only contribute increasingly to the security, competitiveness and sustainability of energy supply, but also offer farmers new income opportunities;

4.

Believes that the use of biogas, especially for heat and electricity production, could contribute significantly to the binding target of 20 % renewable energy in overall EU energy consumption by 2020;

5.

Stresses that, in the long term, renewable energy sources such as biogas and biofuels, together with solar power and wind energy, subject to further intensified research efforts, can bring about a higher degree of independence from fossil-fuel energy sources;

6.

Encourages both the EU and Member States to exploit the huge potential of biogas by creating a favourable environment, as well as maintaining and developing support schemes to promote investment in, and sustenance of, biogas installations;

7.

Emphasises that biogas from livestock manure has numerous environmental advantages, such as the reduction of methane and CO2-emissions, reduction of emissions of particulate matter and nitrous oxides, a far less obnoxious odour, hygienisation of slurry and better fertilising capacity of the nitrogen in the treated manure, which means that less nitrogen is needed to achieve the same fertilising effect;

8.

Stresses that producing agrofuels from waste should not become a goal in itself; notes that reducing waste should continue to be a priority in the environmental policy of the EU and in that of Member States;

9.

Calls for greater use to be made of slurry as a source of biogas, since there is immense potential for greater use thereof, while also encouraging the decentralisation of energy-producing biogas installations; notes that the increased use of slurry to this end can lead to a significant reduction in the release of methane in slurry storage;

10.

Stresses that livestock manure, municipal sewage and agro-industrial waste can contain substances (bacteria, viruses, parasites, heavy metals, harmful organic substances) that can potentially be a threat to public health or the environment; urges the Commission to ensure that adequate precautions are taken to avoid contamination and the spreading of these substances and any diseases they induce;

11.

States that the use of sludge and animal or organic waste will improve efficiency of biogas installations; states that hygienic problems in the use of animal waste can, in most cases, be relatively easily kept under control;

12.

Calls also for the products of first-stage processing, such as potato peelings or fruit flesh, to be used as biomass for biogas installations;

13.

Stresses that technical and management developments are expected in the near future which will further increase environmental and health benefits of biogas installations which use livestock manure, slurry and organic waste;

14.

Believes that, for biogas installations just as for livestock farms, sustainability and a size that is adapted to the particular region are essential if the environmental benefits are to also lead to greater acceptance of livestock farms, which encounter many problems due to an increased number of complaints from neighbours and the general public;

15.

Points out that biogas installations which use livestock manure, sludge or organic waste may lead to higher rates of leaching of ammonia;states, however, that this side effect can be contained relatively easily, and preventive measures ought to be incorporated into national laws concerning biogas installations as well as into aid grants for such installations;

16.

Urges Member States and the Commission to ensure that biogas installations do not leak methane, as that could compromise their positive effect on global warming;

17.

Reiterates that all financial support for biogas installations ought to be based on efficiency, technical development, a positive greenhouse gas balance, the creation of added value for livestock farms and in rural regions, and other economic and environmental advantages of such installations; stresses that security of food supply to the population must not be jeopardised;

18.

Notes with deep concern the increasing competition in many Member States between energy use and use in the food and feed chain of certain agricultural products like maize; emphasises the fact that such competition has led to a considerable increase in feedingstuff prices;

19.

Calls on the Commission and Member States, when presenting future proposals on regulation of the biogas sector, to examine not only the environmental aspects but also the effect on high-quality, sustainable food production;

20.

Emphasises that biogas production based on livestock manure, sludge and animal and organic waste should be prioritised as the sustainability and environmental benefits of these methods are unequivocal;

21.

Notes that the optimal size of a biogas installation depends on various circumstances determining the economics of scale, that should be thoroughly studied; considers that, in addition to an economic assessment and the greenhouse gas balance, it is above all necessary to assess the effect of the size of the installation on the surrounding landscape with regard to expansion of monoculture in respect of certain crops;

22.

Stresses that it would be best for biogas installation operators to combine and use all available organic matter both from an environmental and an economic perspective;

23.

Considers that, whilst the young and innovative biogas sector needs start-up support, such support schemes should only last until the sector has become commercially viable;

24.

States that funding for solely plant-based biogas installations needs to be continued under careful monitoring and refocusing on the most advanced and efficient installations or systems to ensure the EU's economic and technical advantage in the field and to explore options for the future;

25.

Asks the Commission to report on how criteria on economic and environmental efficiency and sustainability can be introduced for energy crops, which would lead to this relatively new technique becoming more environmentally friendly, and which would ensure that the concerns relating to food production and supply are properly addressed;

26.

Calls for greater effort to be put into researching and promoting new technologies for biogas, particularly into the exploitation of biomass (second generation biogas) as a biofuel and improving the profitability of biogas installations that offer the greatest environmental benefits, since it is only by means of innovative technology, such as gas recovery techniques, that the effectiveness of biogas installations can be significantly increased;

27.

Reminds Member States and the Commission that further advancement of biogas is not possible without additional funding; recalls that funding needs to be provided for research and development, for the promotion of results from specific projects, for installations and for the increased support of ‘green electricity’ and ‘green gas’;

28.

Recalls that those Member States that are providing extra incentives for ‘green energy’, by means of adequate price subsidies or through other measures, are also the most successful in promoting biogas;

29.

Considers that ‘green gas’ production should be subsidised in the same way as ‘green electricity’;

30.

Urges the Commission and Member States to ensure that funds from EU and national programmes go to the most efficient and sustainable installations, especially to installations that produce electricity and heat, or to the installation of facilities and grids for upgrading and feeding biogas into the natural gas network;

31.

Stresses in this regard that the supply of electricity, heat and natural gas to networks must be non-discriminatory, and calls for biogas to be treated in the same way as natural gas to enable it to achieve its full potential once it has been introduced into the natural gas network;

32.

Believes that simplification of the procedures for trade in CO2 can significantly contribute to the economic viability and sustainability of biogas installations;

33.

Stresses that biogas installations may assist farmers who do not yet have enough storage capacity for livestock manure to solve this problem in an economically viable manner;

34.

Asks the Commission and Member States to ensure that the setting up of biogas installations, as well as authorisation of the use of organic waste and sludge, is not impeded by unnecessarily lengthy administrative procedures and regulations;

35.

Draws attention to the major differences in terms of length and content that exist between national approval procedures for biogas installations, and calls on Member States to ensure that national requirements in the area of regional planning and the granting of licences and approvals do not form an unnecessary hindrance;

36.

Calls for a simplified planning permission procedure to be introduced for the construction of biogas installations;

37.

Calls on the Commission to establish a common positive list of products which are permitted for use in biogas installations, so as to ensure a level playing field between farmers in different Member States;

38.

Encourages farmers to cooperate in setting up and operating biogas installations;

39.

Urges the Commission and Member States to develop a coherent biogas policy; asks the Commission to present a specific report on biogas and its promotion in the EU, outlining the necessary changes in Community and national law to facilitate further expansion of the biogas sector and pointing out the most efficient ways of using EU funds and programmes, as well as giving best practice examples; asks also, in this regard, for an impact assessment of the various forms of biogas production on climate, the ecology of the landscape, rural incomes and worldwide security of food supply;

40.

Proposes that the promotion of biogas be fully included in the framework of the proposed Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (COM(2008)0019), with special emphasis on the following:

41.

Urges the Commission to present as soon as possible a proposal for a biowaste directive, which shall include quality standards; invites the Commission to explore the possibility for a joint biogas and biowaste directive;

42.

Asks the Commission to present proposals for legislation on the use of residues from biogas installations; asks the Commission to ensure that only organic material that allows residues to be used without endangering the environment may be used in biogas installations; asks the Commission to consider banning growth enhancers in animal feed containing heavy metals if this should prove to be a EU-wide problem for subsequent use of biogas residues in fields;

43.

Asks the Commission to ensure that Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (10), the Nitrates Directives (11), the Sewage Sludge Directive (12), the Water Framework Directive (13), the Birds Directive (14), the Habitats Directive (15) and the Heavy Metals legislation are enforced effectively in all Member States and regions, thereby making biogas installations which use livestock manure and sludge more attractive;

44.

Urges the Commission to present as soon as possible a strategy to include biogas installations in the Kyoto Mechanisms, for example through ‘green certificates’, special premiums or tax credits for electricity and heat generated in biogas installations or other measures; points out that this would increase the cost-efficiency of biogas installations and, at the same time, make efforts in the area of agriculture to combat climate change more transparent;

45.

Calls for an assessment of whether or not the Nitrates Directive will be superfluous once the Water Framework Directive is fully implemented;

46.

Re-emphasises that the use of artificial fertilisers should not be favoured in EU legislation over the use of livestock manure and by-products of biogas installations; calls urgently, therefore, as a first step, for a review of the definition of livestock manure under the Nitrates Directive;

47.

Asks the Commission to promote the feeding of biogas into natural gas networks by way of recommendations or a directive;

48.

Asks the Commission to present as soon as possible its proposals for further enhancing the use of animal and agricultural crop by-products for the production of biogas as announced in the above-mentioned Commission Communication of 7 December 2005;

49.

Urges Member States that have not incorporated any measures or have not incorporated sufficient measures in existing national development programmes to include biogas in their mid-term evaluation of existing rural and regional development programmes, and to propose actions for the future;

50.

Calls on the Commission to ensure cooperation and coordination between Member States, including those who currently have no biogas installations, or just a small number thereof, so that they may learn about each other's best practices in relation to biogas installations through the sharing of knowledge and technology;

51.

Asks the Commission to present a coherent report on EU biogas production and future prospects in this area, including an impact assessment, to Parliament by 15 December 2008 at the latest, which will take into account Parliament's proposals and progress made;

52.

Invites the current and future Presidencies of the Council of the European Union to advance further discussions on how to promote sustainable biogas production; notes that, in this regard, the sustainable promotion of biogas facilities should also include combined heat and electricity production;

*

**

53.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the governments and parliaments of the Member States.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/35

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled Mobilising public and private finance towards global access to climate-friendly, affordable and secure energy services: The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (COM(2006)0583),

—

having regard to the Presidency Conclusions of the Brussels European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007,

—

having regard to its resolution of 25 September 2007 on the Road Map for renewable energy in Europe (1),

—

having regard to its resolution of 1 June 2006 on energy efficiency or doing more with less — Green Paper (2),

—

having regard to its resolution of 14 December 2006 on a strategy for biomass and biofuels (3),

—

having regard its resolution of 29 September 2005 on the share of renewable energy in the EU and proposals for concrete actions (4),

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the opinions of the Committee on Development and the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (A6-0006/2008),

A.

whereas, in the context of limiting the increase in average world temperatures to a maximum of 2 °C, renewable energies and energy efficiency must be boosted so that, after peaking in 2015, global emissions will diminish,

B.

whereas the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (October 2006) and reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate that the poorest countries and people will suffer earliest and most from the effects of climate change,

C.

whereas renewable sources of energy and energy savings are key elements in sustainable access to energy services, contributing to:

D.

whereas global leaders agreed at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development to halve the number of people currently deprived of basic energy services, which currently stands at 1,6 billion; whereas, if current trends persist, this target will never be reached,

E.

whereas sustainable solutions to the energy challenges facing developing countries should be achieved through increased use of renewable energy sources, greater improvements in energy efficiency and energy savings,

F.

whereas transparency and accountability towards public and private investors will be of key importance in assessing and, possibly, further increasing the support offered by the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund, and whereas scrutiny will be intense, especially in the first years of implementation of this fund,

1.

Welcomes the Commission's proposal for a Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (Geeref);

2.

Believes that sustainable development, in particular in developing countries and emerging economies, with low greenhouse gas emissions, clean air and a sustainable energy supply, can only be achieved through ensuring the deployment of renewable technologies tapping into local energy resources and improving access to energy by favouring investment in remote and decentralised supply;

3.

Believes that key objectives of the fund should be the promotion of energy efficiency, energy saving and renewable energies, the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and of other risks, the improvement of access to energy services in the poorest countries and the diversification of energy sources in the developing world;

4.

Particularly welcomes the fund's focus on leveraging private investment by providing risk capital, since this will be critical for the successful development of sustainable energy projects in the developing world in the long term;

5.

Calls on the Commission to ensure that all support for projects and choice of technology is conditional on the fulfilment of comprehensive sustainability criteria and on a contribution being made to sustainable development as well as on geographical characteristics and available regional resources;

6.

Urges the Commission to focus, when implementing the fund, on small-scale projects in which it is the most difficult to attract private sector investment; believes that the Commission should keep under regular review its upper limit on investments of 10 million euro for individual projects, while earmarking at least one third of the funds available for small-scale projects requiring less than 1 million euro;

7.

Calls on the Commission to ensure that support for all biomass projects, including projects involving water and sewerage treatment, in developing countries is subject to the fulfilment of rigorous sustainability criteria that ensure that only the most sustainable technologies are supported, taking into account the full lifecycle effects of biomass on greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, rural management, socio-economic conditions and biodiversity, including the preservation of natural forests and securing food supply to all by improving best local agricultural practices;

8.

Urges the Commission to ensure that the Geeref supports photovoltaic projects and calls on it to support the development of intelligent grid technologies; encourages in particular investment suitable to the rural poor, such as electrification through renewable energy (including hydro, solar and wind power and biomass), solar heaters, solar pasteurisers, solar cookers, wind pumps and improved cooking stoves, as well as support to micro-credit schemes to enhance local participation in energy projects;

9.

Insists that the Geeref must not support large projects requiring more than 1 million euro for conventional energy sources and for the co-firing of biomass in existing or new coal power stations, the small scale use of fossil fuels (for example in diesel generators) or large agrofuel production; urges the Commission to ensure that investments from the sub-funds supported by the Geeref do not support these types of technology; calls, therefore, on the Commission to ensure that relevant management contracts and the criteria for project selection exclude the selection of these projects;

10.

Believes that, where possible, support should be focussed on projects which combine renewable energy technologies with improved energy efficiency, for example projects for improving the building stock, lighting and the refrigeration chain;

11.

Calls for full coordination between the Geeref and future work under the platform for International Cooperation on Energy Efficiency proposed by the Commission, so as to improve collaboration on research and development and benchmarking;

12.

Urges the Commission to ensure that the fund supports the development of local markets, manufacturing and capacity in the developing world, for example by supporting local SMEs so that they can take on responsibility for merchandising new technologies in a particular region;

13.

Believes that the fund should also be used to create opportunities, in particular, for SMEs from Member States to contribute their technical know-how to the development and use of sustainable energy technologies in developing countries;

14.

Calls on the Commission to ensure that the fund will be coherent with and supplement other Member State and EU development policies and energy initiatives targeted at developing countries;

15.

Calls on the Commission to ensure that the fund complements and works effectively alongside the many other international initiatives and funds that currently support sustainable energy projects in the developing world, including those led by the World Bank and regional development banks as well as those launched at the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development;

16.

Calls on the Commission to ensure that the fund contributes to reducing barriers to the use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in certain countries, in particular the least developed countries, and that it further encourages CDM projects that have real added value, have a positive sustainable development impact and fulfil the Gold Standard criteria;

17.

Invites the Commission to explore ways of enlarging the fund in the future context of a post-2012 regime under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, taking into account that sustainable energy in developing countries will be crucial to achieving the objective of this Convention;

18.

Regrets the fact that the suggested minimum funding target of 100 million euro — with a contribution of only 15 million euro for each of the years 2007 and 2008 — is woefully inadequate as the Geeref's contribution when the goal is to ‘boost the share of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects and substantially contribute to sustainable development’, and that, as yet, only a few countries have chosen to participate financially in the fund; therefore urges the Commission to increase its contribution while at the same time encouraging Member States as well as multilateral financial institutions to join forces in order to significantly increase the size of the fund; calls for many more Members States to offer financial support;

19.

Considers that a key aim in the first years of the Geeref, which is an open-ended fund, should be the development of exemplars that can inspire further contributions, increasing the flow of investments in renewable energies and energy efficiency to developing countries and transition economies and sparing far more people than the anticipated 1 to 3 million people from energy poverty;

20.

Stresses that the Geeref must give priority to serving the specific needs of the Least Developed Countries and to interventions that have demonstrated strong linkages to poverty reduction; notes that the scope of the Geeref is to support regional subfunds for Sub-Saharan Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Island States, the countries of the European Neighbourhood (including North Africa and non-EU Eastern Europe), Latin America and Asia; calls, however, for special emphasis on serving the needs of the ACP countries; calls on the Commission to ensure that funding is not allocated to only one or two subfunds when appropriations are distributed; strongly recommends that any subfunds for China and Russia, if included in the portfolio, do not absorb all the available resources and that they should be of particular interest as pilot-projects;

21.

Recognises however that, as currently envisaged, the Geeref may have difficulty in complying with the criteria for Official Development Assistance established by the OECD Development Assistance Committee, as investment will be steered by prospects for financial returns rather than development needs; recognises the risk that poverty reduction, mentioned as a specific objective of the Geeref, might become only a secondary priority of the fund; stresses, therefore, that, in addition to developing clear development criteria to screen projects eligible for Geeref funding, the Commission must also significantly increase grant-based development aid in order to provide sustainable energy services to the poorest;

22.

Calls on the Commission to report regularly on progress in implementing the fund and on projects supported, and specifically to provide an annual progress report to Parliament;

23.

Calls on the Commission to propose ways of facilitating intensive communication and the exchange of experience relating to the various projects, their specific results and their contribution to sustainable development;

24.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and Commission.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/38

—

having regard to Articles 177 to 181 of the EC Treaty,

—

having regard to the Partnership Agreement between the members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part, signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000 (1), as amended by the Agreement amending the Partnership Agreement signed in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005 (2),

—

having regard to the Millennium Declaration endorsed by the United Nations in 2000, the 2005 UN Report entitled ‘Investing in Development’ and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),

—

having regard to the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness adopted on 2 March 2005,

—

having regard to the 2002 Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development,

—

having regard to the Joint statement by the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on European Union Development Policy: ‘The European Consensus’ (the European Consensus on Development) (3),

—

having regard to the joint statement by the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission: ‘The European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid’ (4),

—

having regard to the conclusions of the Council and of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council of 15 May 2007 on an EU Code of Conduct on Complementarity and Division of Labour in Development Policy,

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Policy Coherence for Development: Accelerating progress towards attaining the Millennium Development Goals’ (COM(2005)0134),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Accelerating progress towards attaining the Millennium Development Goals — Financing for Development and Aid Effectiveness’ (COM(2005)0133),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘EU Aid: Delivering more, better and faster’ (COM(2006)0087) and the conclusions of the General Affairs and External Relations Council of 11 April 2006 based thereon,

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Annual Report 2006 on the European Community's Development Policy and the Implementation of External Assistance’ (COM(2006)0326),

—

having regard to Regulation (EC) No 1905/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 establishing a financing instrument for development cooperation (5) (DCI),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Governance in the European Consensus on Development: Towards a harmonised approach within European Union’ (COM(2006)0421),

—

having regard to the international development cooperation policy of the Czech Republic, including the Plan for Bilateral Development Cooperation 2007 and the country strategy papers for Angola and Zambia,

—

having regard to the international development cooperation policy of Hungary,

—

having regard to the development cooperation policy programme of Latvia for the period 2006 to 2010,

—

having regard to the development cooperation policy of Lithuania for the period 2006 to 2010,

—

having regard to the development cooperation and humanitarian aid strategy of Estonia for the period 2006 to 2010,

—

having regard to the strategy for Poland's development cooperation issued in 2003 and the Polish aid programme 2007,

—

having regard to the national strategy of international development cooperation of Romania,

—

having regard to the medium-term strategy for the Official Development Assistance (ODA) of Slovakia for the period 2003 to 2008 and the 2006 ODA national programme of Slovakia,

—

having regard to Slovenian development cooperation for 2002 to 2004,

—

having regard to the 2007 Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) Aid Watch report entitled ‘Hold the Applause! EU governments risk breaking aid promises’ by the European NGO confederation for relief and development (Concord), which includes an NGO assessment of each Member State's performance in terms of ODA,

—

having regard to the EU strategy for Central Asia (Strategy for a New Partnership) 2007 to 2013,

—

having regard to ‘The European Consensus on Development: the Contribution of Development Education and Awareness Raising’, a strategy framework drawn up by representatives of the EU institutions, the Member States, civil society and other stakeholders, and presented at the European Development Days in Lisbon in November 2007,

—

having regard to the European Consensus on NGO Communication held from 7 to 9 November 2006,

—

having regard to the Council (Development) resolution of 8 November 2001 on development education and raising European public awareness of development cooperation,

—

having regard to the Maastricht Declaration by the Europe-wide Global Education Congress of 15 to 17 November 2002 representing parliamentarians, local and regional authorities and civil society organisations from the member states of the Council of Europe on a European Strategy Framework for Improving and Increasing Global Education in Europe to the Year 2015,

—

having regard to the Palermo Process of 2003, which was launched with a view to creating an informal forum in which players could debate major developments and issues in European development aid in order to complement, informally, the Commission's official consultation procedures,

—

having regard to the European Conference on Awareness-Raising and Development Education for North-South Solidarity held in Brussels on 19 and 20 May 2005,

—

having regard to the Helsinki Conference on European Development Education held on 3-4 July 2006,

—

having regard to the 18-month programme on development policy of the German, Portuguese and Slovenian Presidencies,

—

having regard to Article 49 of the EU Treaty,

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Wider Europe — Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours’ (COM(2003)0104) and Parliament's resolution of 20 November 2003 on Wider Europe — Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours (6),

—

having regard to ‘A Secure Europe In A Better World — The European Security Strategy’ approved by the European Council in Brussels on 12 December 2003,

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘European Neighbourhood Policy — Strategy Paper’ (COM(2004)0373),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘On the Commission Proposal for Action Plans Under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)’ (COM(2004)0795),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘European Neighbourhood Policy — Recommendations for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and for Egypt and Lebanon’ (COM(2005)0072),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication to the Council and the European Parliament entitled ‘On Strengthening the European Neighbourhood Policy’ (COM(2006)0726),

—

having regard to the Action Plan for the South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) adopted by the Commission on 14 November 2006,

—

having regard to the Commission staff working document accompanying its above-mentioned communication entitled ‘On Strengthening the European Neighbourhood Policy’ (SEC(2006)1504),

—

having regard to the Commission staff working document (SEC(2007)0840) annexed to its Communication entitled ‘Annual Report 2007 on the European Community's Development Policy and the Implementation of External Assistance in 2006’ (COM(2007)0349),

—

having regard to the ENP progress reports on Ukraine (SEC(2006)1505) and Moldova (SEC(2006)1506),

—

having regard to the Commission publication of 24 November 2005 entitled ‘European Neighbourhood Policy: A Year of Progress’ (IP/05/1467),

—

having regard to the communication to the College from Commissioner Ferrero-Waldner entitled ‘Implementing and Promoting the European Neighbourhood Policy’ (SEC(2005)1521),

—

having regard to Regulation (EC) No 1638/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 laying down general provisions establishing a European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (7) (ENPI),

—

having regard to Council Decision 2006/62/EC of 23 January 2006 enabling countries covered by the European Neighbourhood Policy, as well as Russia, to benefit from the Technical Assistance and Information Exchange (TAIEX) Programme (8),

—

having regard to Council Decision 2005/47/EC of 22 December 2004 amending Decision 2000/24/EC to take into account the enlargement of the European Union and the European Neighbourhood Policy (9),

—

having regard to the report entitled ‘European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument Belarus/Moldova/Ukraine/Armenia/Azerbaijan/Georgia (separately): Country Strategy Paper 2007-2013 and National Indicative Programme 2007-2010’,

—

having regard to EC-ENPI Eastern Regional Strategy Paper (RSP) 2007-2013, which complements the Country Strategy Papers adopted by the Commission,

—

having regard to the ENPI Eastern Regional Indicative Programme 2007-2010, which defines in more detail the focus of intervention under the Eastern regional envelope of the new ENPI,

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘Black Sea Synergy — A New Regional Cooperation Initiative’ (COM(2007)0160),

—

having regard to the Commission Communication entitled ‘On the General Approach to Enable ENP Partner Countries to Participate in Community Agencies and Community Programmes’ (COM(2006)0724),

—

having regard to the paper of June 2006, part of the Occasional Papers series of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, entitled ‘European Neighbourhood Policy: Economic Review of ENP Countries’,

—

having regard to Capacity Building Scheme II to support the new Member States and candidate countries in the area of development cooperation, launched by the Commission in July 2007,

—

having regard to its resolution of 19 January 2006 on the European Neighbourhood Policy (10),

—

having regard to partnership and cooperation agreements,

—

having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

—

having regard to the report of the Committee on Development (A6-0036/2008),

A.

whereas in 2006 the EU provided ODA of 47 524 million euro, which accounts for 57 % of ODA worldwide, a figure which is expected to rise to 78 626 million euro by 2010,

B.

whereas the new Member States have committed themselves to achieving an ODA target of 0,17 % of gross national income (GNI) by 2010 and of 0,33 % by 2015, with future contributions to strengthen the EU's role in international development cooperation,

C.

whereas the development aid of the new Member States concerns European development cooperation policy as well as the European Neighbourhood Policy,

D.

whereas the priority countries targeted by the development cooperation of the new Member States are the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries and the countries in the Western Balkans, as well as a few countries which are members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States,

E.

whereas the institutional framework remains one of the most important challenges of efficient development cooperation for the new Member States,

F.

whereas one of the major challenges facing the new Member States is the need to build up cross-party political and public support for development co-operation, including support for the least developed countries of the world,

G.

whereas awareness of development co-operation topics needs further improvement in most of the Member States,

H.

whereas the right of Member States to pursue development strategies as shaped by their nationally determined priorities is a fully legitimate expression of their sovereignty and should always be acknowledged and respected as such,

I.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Estonia and Latvia is targeted at CIS countries, especially Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, and Afghanistan; whereas Estonia's ODA spending in 2005 was 0,08 % and Latvia's ODA spending in 2005 was 0,07 %,

J.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Lithuania is targeted at Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the countries of the South Caucasus, Afghanistan (Ghor province) and Iraq, and only one ACP country, Mauritania, and in 2005 Lithuania spent 0,06 % on ODA,

K.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Poland is targeted at Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, and Poland's ODA in 2005 amounted to 0,07 %,

L.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Hungary is targeted at the Western Balkans (Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and in 2005 Hungary's ODA spending was 0,11 %,

M.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Romania is targeted at Moldova, Serbia and Georgia, and Romania's ODA amounted to 0,04 % in 2006,

N.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Slovenia is targeted at the Western Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Albania) and Moldova, and in 2005 Slovenia spent 0,11 % on ODA,

O.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of Slovakia is targeted at Serbia, Montenegro, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Belarus, and Slovakia's ODA spending in 2005 was 0,12 %,

P.

whereas the major part of the bilateral ODA of the Czech Republic is targeted at Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Montenegro and Vietnam, and in 2005 the Czech Republic spent 0,11 % on ODA,

Q.

whereas Bulgaria adopted its national strategy for development cooperation only at the end of 2007, and its priorities lie with Albania, FYROM, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine and Moldova, and its ODA spending for 2005 is estimated to be around 0,04 %, which equals Bulgaria's contribution to multilateral institutions,

R.

whereas Estonia, Latvia and Romania do not target any ACP countries under European development cooperation policy; although Estonia has not ruled out that in future it will establish bilateral co-operation with one least-developed sub-Saharan African state,

S.

whereas Bulgaria intends to target African countries with which it had bilateral agreements before 1989, such as Ghana,

T.

whereas the Czech Republic targets Angola and Zambia, with Angola receiving 8 % (956 000euro in 2007) and Zambia 4 % (775 000euro in 2007) of allocated funds; whereas in Angola it funds programmes in the sectors of agriculture and rural development and education and cross-cutting programmes such as mine-clearance, strengthening public sector capacity and promoting civil society and gender equality, as well as the environment; whereas in Zambia it funds programmes in the health sector aimed at achieving MDGs such as reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases, targeting the Western province, which has a particularly hostile natural environment,

U.

whereas Hungary targets Ethiopia, and Poland targets mainly Angola and Tanzania,

V.

whereas Slovakia targets Kenya, Sudan and Mozambique, the business and health sectors in Kenya, and offers support for the use of renewable resources; whereas its development cooperation with Sudan involves debt-reduction and targets technical infrastructure such as water management, and the social sector, especially fostering primary education and basic healthcare,

W.

whereas Slovenia intends to target Madagascar, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Uganda and Malawi through Slovenian non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) and to assist local communities in sectors such as infrastructure, education, water, sanitation and sustainable energy supply,

X.

whereas in 2006 Lithuania initiated its first bilateral project in Mauritania (assistance with the development of natural resources),

Y.

whereas in all the new Member States, a considerable share of development aid is channelled through multilateral channels including the EU, and thus all those countries contribute indirectly to the development of ACP countries,

Z.

whereas the ENP is one of the top priorities of the EU's external relations, with the aim of promoting good governance and economic development in its vicinity and thus decreasing political, economic and social differences between the Member States and their neighbours,

AA.

whereas the ENP Action Plans for the three South Caucasus States (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were released on 14 November 2006, despite the fact that the inclusion of the South Caucasus countries in the ENP had initially been rejected in a footnote in the above-mentioned Commission Communication on a wider Europe,

AB.

whereas the Action Plans are supposed to be tailor-made for each country,

AC.

whereas the EU traditionally favours a regional approach in its external relations,

AD.

whereas the Georgian government expresses the hope that Georgia will be included in the Black Sea region, with Ukraine and Moldova, rather than in the South Caucasus region, which has also been acknowledged in the Action Plan,

AE.

whereas the EU-Georgia Action Plan shows that EU is ready to offer some increased political support to Georgia in the area of conflict resolution, which it had refused up until now,

AF.

whereas the new Member States were involved in developing the ENP before their membership of the EU,

AG.

whereas the new Member States did not have any influence on the Action Plans, nor were they involved in decision-making and procedure before membership,

AH.

whereas in order to sign up to the ENP, neighbouring countries have to have a contractual relationship in force, such as a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement or an Association Agreement; thus Belarus, Libya and Syria are excluded from the ENP because they do not have any contractual relationship in force,

AI.

whereas the EU aims at a balanced bilateral and regional approach towards Central Asia,

AJ.

whereas the relationship between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and the EU is based upon Partnership and Cooperation Agreements and cooperation frameworks such as the BAKU initiative, as well as a variety of Common Security and Foreign Policy instruments,

AK.

whereas all the EU's neighbours, irrespective of the issue of possible membership, have an equal opportunity to establish privileged relationships with the EU that are founded on both common interests and common values, according to their own aspirations,

AL.

whereas the main advantage of the Action Plans is to help the country in question to identify priorities and to guide the EU's support for its efforts,

AM.

whereas Bulgaria and Romania are already included in cross-border cooperation with relevant ENP partners,

AN.

whereas the new Member States' role in sharing the transition experience will be harnessed and will contribute to expertise within the old Member States through the TAIEX and twinning programmes,

AO.

whereas the current level of expenditure in most countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for raising public awareness of development issues totals approximately 190 million euro, or 0,25 % of total ODA,

AP.

whereas all the new Member States, with the exception of Poland and Malta, regard development education as a priority for their NGDO national platforms,

AQ.

whereas none of the new Member States has a national strategy for development education as yet,

AR.

whereas only 12 % of OECD citizens have actually heard of the MDGs, 62 % of those who have heard of the MDGs are not aware of what they mean, 17 % of European citizens do not know, in the light of corruption and the perception that aid does not benefit the poor, whether aid makes a difference (a figure which rises to 34 % in Portugal, 24 % in Italy, 23 % in Ireland and 22 % in Spain),

AS.

whereas only 29 % of European citizens think that a reduction in extreme poverty and hunger will be achieved by 2015, the most frequently cited obstacles being lack of money or resources (18 %), lack of will (18 %) and the magnitude of the task ahead (14 %),

AT.

whereas a United Nations Development Programme report has proposed that the Commission and the Member States move towards or beyond a figure of 3 % of ODA as a minimum target for public awareness raising and development education expenditure,

1.

Stresses that development policy is entirely part of the acquis communautaire and recalls the international commitments of the new Member States in this field; underlines that the EU needs to support the new Member States so as to assist them in integrating the acquis communautaire;

2.

Considers that the ten new Member States subscribed to the European Consensus on Development within a year of their accession, agreeing to implement an ambitious development paradigm and to work towards achieving the MDGs within the set time-frame;

3.

Expresses its concern that many of the new Member States are not on course to meet the target of 0,17 % of GNI to be spent on ODA by 2010, though some may see ODA fall in line with overall budget cuts due to the need to reduce government debt;

4.

Stresses the experience of the new Member States, in particular during the transition process, and considers that good governance and the promotion of democracy must be the priorities for the EU in development cooperation matters; calls on the EU institutions to put to good use, in order to enrich its development policy, the experience accumulated in the field by the new Member States;

5.

Considers that, due to an active cooperation policy, the new Member States will contribute to the promotion of respect for fundamental rights and solidarity with the new generations in third countries within the scope of the ENP;

6.

Stresses the concrete benefit for the new Member States of participating in development cooperation policy, in particular in the areas of economic development and trade;

7.

Welcomes the Commission's new approach of going beyond traditional development policies and creating new partnership relations with developing countries;

8.

Welcomes the fact that the international community is willing to accept the principle of ‘common responsibility’ in the case of humanitarian urgency;

9.

Suggests that the new and old Member States should work together more proactively within the EU to ensure that the situation in particular countries included in the ENP is monitored in a more timely fashion so that the EU can react with greater flexibility in its policy towards these countries;

10.

Stresses the link between development and migration, which is a major challenge for most of the new Member States which are at the external borders of the EU;

11.

Recognises the progress made by the new Member States in their evolution from being aid recipient countries to becoming donor countries, and acknowledges the challenges that lie ahead;

12.

Notes that the priorities of the new Member States after the transition period are determined by their historical relations and ties with their neighbours, and that the major part of the development cooperation budget of the new Member States targets their immediate neighbours and the CIS countries; calls on the EU to seize the occasion of the accession of the new Member States to reinforce its strategic presence in eastern Europe, central Asia and the Caucasus as regions of the world hitherto less concerned by European aid but which are nonetheless facing numerous development challenges;

13.

Stresses that effective action in the promotion of democracy and the rule of law, key fields of intervention for the new Member States, is also a means of acting in the long term for poverty reduction, which is a priority objective of EU development policy as fixed by the DCI;

14.

Recalls the Eastern dimension of EU external relations and considers that a new assembly of EU and neighbouring countries (similar to the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Euromed) and the Parliamentary Assembly for EU-Latin America (Eurolat)) could build on historical experience, boost the input of the new Member States in EU politics and help to co-shape the ENP and to make neighbouring countries aware of new political fields;

15.

Recognises that most Member States have departments within their Ministries of Foreign Affairs dealing specifically with development cooperation, but nonetheless recommends that they strengthen coordination both within their own ministries and between each other and with other Member States to the extent approved by national parliaments and local authorities in the decision-making process;

16.

Recognises that building the relevant institutions and implementing policies is a time-consuming process;

17.

Recognises that the biggest challenges for the new Member States in the coming years will be the increase in budgets and awareness-raising activities;

18.

Welcomes the above-mentioned strategy framework ‘The European Consensus on Development: The Contribution of Development Education and Awareness Raising’ and stresses that Parliament has an important role to play in highlighting the actual and potential role of development education and awareness in both formal and informal education in the new Member States;

19.

Considers that long-term projects which target partners and sectors where the new Member States have a comparative advantage and can transfer experience are of optimal utility in the global poverty eradication process;

20.

Calls for a division of labour between the Member States with regard to the added-value of each actor's input and with the objective of working together effectively;

21.

Believes that a large majority of the new Member States could give greater priority to their development policy and furthermore ensure an approach to strategy planning with greater internal coordination (with the exception of Lithuania, where the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the lead ministry for ODA planning and management);

22.

States that the objective of the EU with regard to the new Member States is not only to capitalise on their experience but also to help them strengthen their role as new donors; encourages, therefore, the old and new Member States to decide jointly on a realistic calendar with a view to bringing the new Member States into line with the EU's development aid objectives, while taking due account of both the potential and the limits of the partnership between new and old Member States;

23.

Stresses that the new Member States need to be fully included in the sharing of experience and in specific training in fields related to the programming, implementation and evaluation of development cooperation policy; recalls the different CBS (Capacity Building Scheme) experiences and calls for further improvements, to put an end for instance to the turnover of civil servants;

24.

Recalls the importance of a permanent dialogue with officials responsible for the new Member States and acceding or candidate countries; underlines the importance of EuropeAid's technical assistance in the organisation of training courses, seminars, conferences and specific technical assistance to meet the needs expressed by these countries; stresses the importance of the activities funded by the Directorate-General Development of the Commission in this regard;

25.

Regrets the fact that the special working party on strengthening the new Member States' capacities held no further meetings in 2007, even though the new Member States have a pressing need to increase their development-cooperation capacities and the EU enlargement process is still under way;

26.

Calls for that working party to be reactivated and for representatives of Parliament's Committee on Development (or its secretariat) and of Trialog (a project conducted in close cooperation with European development NGOs) to be also involved in the working party's activities, and for the working party's remit to be enlarged to include the new Member States' specific development-cooperation problems;

27.

Stresses the importance of projects on ‘twinning’ and ‘light twinning’ in training the personnel of new Member States through quality technical assistance, funds which only Hungary and Slovakia have called for;

28.

Calls for bi-annual inter-parliamentary meetings between Parliament and the parliaments of the new Member States focused on development and cooperation issues and the creation of a specific network in this regard;

29.

Believes that the participation of the new Member States in the European Development Fund committee would bring an additional dimension to the debates and further help to build their technical capacities;

30.

Notes the lack of public recognition of development cooperation priorities in some of the new Member States and calls for an overall communication and education strategy to remedy this deficit; stresses the importance of raising awareness of development issues in school curricula, as well as the role of the media in creating public awareness and developing an international volunteer tradition;

31.

Takes a positive view of the importance of a report on development education awareness raising and its role in the implementation of the European Consensus on Development, highlighting the actual and potential role of development education and awareness raising in formal and informal education in Europe, especially in the new Member States;

32.

Considers that the public in the new Member States is already aware of humanitarian aid issues, as was demonstrated by their large-scale mobilisation over the 2004 tsunami — a starting-point for making people aware of the need for specific longer-term commitments within an effective development policy;

33.

Calls on the Commission to launch a specific awareness-raising campaign focusing on the comparative advantages and added value of the new Member States with regard to cooperation and development issues;

34.

Calls for greater coordination among the relevant national stakeholders and an appropriate involvement on the part of NGOs and local authorities in national policy-making processes;

35.

Calls on the Commission to actively involve the new Member States in the preparation and negotiation of Action Plans, and in monitoring their implementation;

36.

Notes that, by fully untying their development aid, the new Member States could be a positive example for all Member States;

37.

Notes that all Member States should set deadlines to untie their development aid, since in the long term tied development aid neither serves good governance nor the efficient allocation of resources, nor does it contribute to the goals of development cooperation;

38.

Notes that the links between the private sector and development cooperation constitute a promising new avenue for the new Member States, and that a more active participation on the part of private undertakings from those Member States in the procurement of development cooperation projects at EU level could raise awareness of development cooperation;

*

**

39.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the governments and parliaments of the Member States.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/48

—

having regard to Rule 103(4) of its Rules of Procedure,

A.

whereas in 2008 the European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports (‘the Code’) will celebrate its tenth anniversary,

B.

whereas more than two years ago, on 30 June 2005, Coreper agreed at the technical level the text of a Common Position as the result of a thorough process of revision of the Code, with the aim of transforming the Code into an efficient instrument to control arms exports from EU territory and by EU companies,

C.

whereas the adoption of this Common Position will make the Code a legally binding arms export control instrument for all Member States,

D.

whereas Parliament has strongly welcomed this Common Position on several occasions, inter alia in its resolution of 18 January 2007 on the Council's Seventh and Eighth Annual Reports according to Operative Provision 8 of the European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports (1),

E.

whereas, nevertheless, the Council has since 2005 failed to adopt this Common Position at the political level,

F.

whereas the reasons for this have never been officially explained but are evidently linked to the wish of some Member States to lift the current EU embargo on arms exports to the People's Republic of China,

G.

whereas this issue has acquired a new sense of urgency due to the following developments:

H.

whereas the positive efforts by COARM (Council Working Group on Arms) to further improve the Code and its application are being undermined by arms exports from Member States to countries which are in a situation of conflict, instability or failure to respect human rights, and which are regarded as ‘irresponsible destinations’ under the Code,

I.

whereas the lack of political will to turn the Code into a Common Position runs counter to the leading role played by the European Union and its Member States in promoting legal instruments aimed at controlling all international public and private arms transfers, notably the Arms Trade Treaty,

1.

Deplores the current political impasse on the adoption of this Common Position, in the light of the tenth anniversary of the Code;

2.

Calls on the Slovenian Presidency to make the adoption of the Common Position a permanent item on the agenda of each General Affairs Council meeting until such time as the issue has been resolved;

3.

Urges those EU Member States that are opposed to a legally binding Code to reconsider their position;

4.

Believes that the EU's contribution to an internationally binding Arms Trade Treaty will gain in credibility as soon as its own arms control regime becomes legally binding;

5.

Is convinced also that, in parallel with the adoption of the Common Position, action should be taken, inter alia, to:

6.

Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission and the governments and parliaments of the Member States.

20.3.2009   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

CE 66/49

—

having regard to Articles 6 and 7 of the EU Treaty and Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, signed on 12 December 2007 (1), which concern the protection of human rights,

—

having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in particular Article 5 thereof, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in particular Article 7 thereof, the 1987 European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture) and the Optional Protocol to that Convention on the establishment of a system of regular visits by international and national bodies to places of detention,

—

having regard to Article 3 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, its protocols and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights,

—

having regard to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture, which established the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhumane and Degrading Treatment, and the Committee's reports,

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having regard to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners of 1957, and the declarations and principles adopted in this regard by the United Nations General Assembly,

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having regard to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989,

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having regard to the resolutions and recommendations adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, and in particular Resolution (73)5 on Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, Recommendation R(87)3 on the European Prison Rules and Recommendation R(2006)2 on the European Prison Rules,

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having regard to the recommendations adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and in particular Recommendation R(2006)1747 on a European prisons charter and Recommendation R(2000)1469 on Mothers and Babies in Prison,

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having regard to its resolution of 26 May 1989 on women and children in prison (2), its resolution of 18 January 1996 on poor conditions in prisons in the European Union (3), its resolution of 17 December 1998 on prison conditions in the European Union: improvements and alternative penalties (4) and its recommendation to the Council of 9 March 2004 on the rights of prisoners in the European Union (5),

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having regard to Rule 45 of its Rules of Procedure,

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having regard to the report of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (A6-0033/2008),

A.

whereas under international and European conventions (6), anyone imprisoned should be treated with respect for their human rights, and prison conditions should be in line with the principles of human dignity, non-discrimination and respect for privacy and family life and be subject to regular evaluations by independent bodies,

B.

whereas the specific needs and circumstances of women in prison should be taken into account in judicial rulings and criminal law and by Member States' penal institutions,

C.

whereas visible measures adapted to the specific needs of women should be put in place, including the application of alternative sentences,

D.

whereas pregnant women in prison should be able to receive the required support and information and essentials for a healthy pregnancy and motherhood, in particular a balanced diet, appropriate sanitary conditions, fresh air, exercise and antenatal and postnatal care,

E.

whereas all prisoners, male and female, should have equal access to health care, but prison policies should be particularly attentive to the prevention, monitoring and treatment of physical and mental health problems specific to women,

F.

whereas a mother's mental and physical health is linked to that of her child,

G.

whereas a large number of women in prison suffer or have suffered from addiction to drugs or other substances that may be the cause of mental or behavioural disorders and require medical treatment as well as appropriate social and psychological support, as part of a comprehensive prison health policy,

H.

whereas it is known today that a large number of women prisoners have been the victims of violence, sexual abuse or mistreatment by their family or partner and suffered a state of deep economic and psychological dependence, and that this has contributed directly to their criminal record and brought physical and psychological consequences, such as post-traumatic stress,

I.

whereas prison staff should be adequately trained and have sufficient awareness as regards equal opportunities and the specific needs and circumstances of women prisoners; whereas particular attention should be paid to the most vulnerable, i.e. minors and those with disabilities,

J.

whereas the maintenance of family ties is an essential means of preventing repeat offences and aiding social reintegration and is the right of all prisoners, their children and other family members, and the exercise of this right is often complicated for women in particular by the scarceness and, therefore, potential geographical remoteness of women's detention centres,

K.

whereas the best interests of children should always be a consideration in decisions on whether to separate them or keep them with an imprisoned parent, bearing in mind that, in all cases, the enjoyment of parental rights by the other parent should be guaranteed, along with appropriate procedures for ensuring that emotional ties are maintained with the original family circle (siblings, grandparents and other family members),

L.

whereas, by signing the above-mentioned Convention on the Rights of the Child (and other international instruments), the States Parties undertook to guarantee all children, without discrimination and regardless of the legal status of their parents, the enjoyment of all rights provided for under the Convention, including the right to adequate health care, leisure and education, and this commitment should also apply to children living with the imprisoned parent,

M.

whereas the role of penal institutions, beyond the punishment of illegal activities, should be to aid social and professional reintegration, bearing in mind the situations of social exclusion and poverty that many prisoners, male and female, have often experienced,

N.

whereas many women who are imprisoned are, at that point, involved in ongoing legal proceedings (abandonment, the fostering or adoption of children, divorce or separation, eviction etc.), which remain unresolved, placing them in a position of defencelessness and a permanent state of uncertainty and stress,

O.

whereas prisoners are often unaware of the social resources available to them, and, in many cases, the lack, loss or invalidity of their administrative documents (identity papers, health card, family record card, etc.) prevents them, in practice, from exercising the rights enjoyed by nationals of each Member State,

P.

whereas equal access for male and female prisoners to employment, vocational training and leisure activities during their imprisonment is fundamental to their psychological wellbeing and their reintegration into society and the world of work,

Q.

whereas the educational, training, employment, leisure and personal development opportunities available to male and female prisoners, however extensive, are not sufficient by themselves, and mentoring programmes should be drawn up to facilitate prisoners' involvement in the planning and development of their journey towards reintegration,

R.

whereas women in prison should have access, without encountering discrimination of any kind, to employment, voluntary work and varied vocational training and civic education measures designed to facilitate their reintegration once the sentence has been served and adapted to job market requirements,

S.

whereas the successful social reintegration of male and female prisoners and the prevention of repeat offences depend on the quality of supervision given during the sentence and, in particular, on the partnerships established with businesses and social assistance organisations, as well as on the monitoring and social and professional assistance provided after the sentence has been served,

T.

whereas there is a serious need for gender-disaggregated, comprehensive, comparable and updated data and statistics,

1.

Encourages Member States to invest sufficient resources in modernising and adapting their prison infrastructures and to implement the above-mentioned Recommendation R(2006)2 of the Council of Europe so that prison conditions ensure respect for human dignity and fundamental rights, in particular as regards accommodation, health, hygiene, diet, ventilation and light;

2.

Repeats its call for the Commission and Council to adopt a framework decision, on the basis of Article 6 of the EU Treaty, on minimum standards to protect the rights of prisoners (as recommended, moreover, by the Council of Europe in its above-mentioned Recommendation R(2006)2), and asks the Council to circulate and promote the application of the Council of Europe's prison rules for the greater harmonisation of prison conditions in Europe, including the consideration of the distinct needs of women, and to set out clearly the rights and obligations of male and female prisoners;

3.

Asks the Commission to include in its annual human rights report an evaluation of respect for male and female prisoners' fundamental rights and of special prison conditions for women;

4.

Urges Member States and candidate countries to ratify the Optional Protocol to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture on the establishment of a system of regular visits by international and national bodies to places of detention and asks the Council and Commission to encourage the ratification of this convention and its protocol as part of the external policy of the European Union;

5.

Underlines that compliance with national and international legal standards in the running of detention centres should be verified by regular inspections by the competent authorities;

6.

Asks Member States to adopt the necessary measures to ensure the smooth running of penal institutions and the safety of staff and all prisoners by putting a stop to the situations of violence and abuse to which women and people from ethnic and social minorities are particularly vulnerable;