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ISSN 1725-2423 |
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Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52 |
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English edition |
Information and Notices |
Volume 48 |
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Notice No |
Contents |
page |
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I Information |
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Commission |
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2005/C 052/1 |
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2005/C 052/2 |
Notice of the impending expiry of certain anti-dumping and countervailing measures |
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2005/C 052/3 |
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2005/C 052/4 |
Final Report of the Hearing Officer in case COMP/ M.3333 — SONY/BMG (pursuant to Article 15 of Commission Decision 2001/462/EC, ECSC of 23 May 2001 on the terms of reference of hearing officers in certain competition proceedings — OJ L 162, 19.6.2001, p. 21) ( 1 ) |
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2005/C 052/5 |
Opinion of the Advisory Committee on concentrations given at its 127th meeting on 9 July 2004 concerning a preliminary Draft Decision in case COMP/M.3333 — SONY/BMG ( 1 ) |
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2005/C 052/6 |
COM documents other than legislative proposals adopted by the Commission |
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2005/C 052/7 |
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2005/C 052/8 |
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2005/C 052/9 |
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European Central Bank |
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2005/C 052/0 |
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II Preparatory Acts |
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Commission |
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2005/C 052/1 |
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(1) Text with EEA relevance |
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EN |
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I Information
Commission
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/1 |
Interest rate applied by the European Central Bank to its main refinancing operations (1):
2,05 % on 1 March 2005
Euro exchange rates (2)
1 March 2005
(2005/C 52/01)
1 euro=
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Currency |
Exchange rate |
|
USD |
US dollar |
1,3216 |
|
JPY |
Japanese yen |
137,90 |
|
DKK |
Danish krone |
7,4420 |
|
GBP |
Pound sterling |
0,68790 |
|
SEK |
Swedish krona |
9,0517 |
|
CHF |
Swiss franc |
1,5357 |
|
ISK |
Iceland króna |
80,25 |
|
NOK |
Norwegian krone |
8,2120 |
|
BGN |
Bulgarian lev |
1,9559 |
|
CYP |
Cyprus pound |
0,5834 |
|
CZK |
Czech koruna |
29,630 |
|
EEK |
Estonian kroon |
15,6466 |
|
HUF |
Hungarian forint |
241,78 |
|
LTL |
Lithuanian litas |
3,4528 |
|
LVL |
Latvian lats |
0,6961 |
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MTL |
Maltese lira |
0,4311 |
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PLN |
Polish zloty |
3,8763 |
|
ROL |
Romanian leu |
36 281 |
|
SIT |
Slovenian tolar |
239,71 |
|
SKK |
Slovak koruna |
37,838 |
|
TRY |
Turkish lira |
1,6941 |
|
AUD |
Australian dollar |
1,6771 |
|
CAD |
Canadian dollar |
1,6306 |
|
HKD |
Hong Kong dollar |
10,3082 |
|
NZD |
New Zealand dollar |
1,8201 |
|
SGD |
Singapore dollar |
2,1448 |
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KRW |
South Korean won |
1 327,55 |
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ZAR |
South African rand |
7,7193 |
(1) Rate applied to the most recent operation carried out before the indicated day. In the case of a variable rate tender, the interest rate is the marginal rate.
Source: reference exchange rate published by the ECB.
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/2 |
Notice of the impending expiry of certain anti-dumping and countervailing measures
(2005/C 52/02)
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1. |
As provided for in Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 of 22 December 1995 (1) on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community and in Article 18(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 2026/97 of 6 October 1997 (2) on protection against subsidised imports from countries not members of the European Community, the Commission gives notice that, unless a review is initiated in accordance with the following procedure, the anti-dumping and countervailing measures mentioned below will expire on the date mentioned in the table below. |
2. Procedure
Community producers may lodge a written request for a review. This request must contain sufficient evidence that the expiry of the measures would be likely to result in a continuation or recurrence of dumping/subsidisation and injury.
Should the Commission decide to review the measures concerned, importers, exporters, representatives of the exporting country and Community producers will then be provided with the opportunity to amplify, rebut or comment on the matters set out in the review request.
3. Time limit
Community producers may submit a written request for a review on the above basis, to reach the European Commission, Directorate-General for Trade (Division B-1), J-79 5/16, B-1049 Brussels (3) at any time from the date of the publication of the present notice but no later than three months before the date mentioned in the table below.
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4. |
This notice is published in accordance with Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 of 22 December 1995 and with Article 18(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 2026/97 of 6 October 1997. |
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Product |
Country(ies) of origin or exportation |
Measures |
Reference |
Date of expiry |
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PET (polyethylene terephthalate) |
India Indonesia Republic of Korea Malaysia Taiwan Thailand |
Anti-dumping duty |
Council Regulation (EC) No 2604/2000 (OJ L 301, 30.11.2000, p. 21) as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 83/2005 (OJ L 19, 21.1.2005, p. 1) |
1.12.2005 |
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India Indonesia |
Undertakings |
Commission Decision No 2000/745/EC (OJ L 301, 30.11.2000, p. 88) as last amended by Commission Decision No 2002/232/EC (OJ L 78, 21.3.2002, p. 12) |
1.12.2005 |
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PET (polyethylene terephthalate) |
India Malaysia Thailand |
Countervailing duty |
Council Regulation (EC) No 2603/2000 (OJ L 301, 30.11.2000, p. 1) as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 822/2004 (OJ L 127, 29.4.2004, p. 3) |
1.12.2005 |
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India |
Undertaking |
Commission Decision No 2000/745/EC (OJ L 301, 30.11.2000, p. 88) |
1.12.2005 |
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Electronic weighing scales |
People's Republic of China Republic of Korea Taiwan |
Anti-dumping duty |
Council Regulation (EC) No 2605/2000 (OJ L 301, 30.11.2000, p. 42) |
1.12.2005 |
(1) OJ L 56, 6.3.1996, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 461/2004 (OJ L 77, 13.3.2004, p. 12).
(2) OJ L 288, 21.10.97, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 461/2004 (OJ L 77, 13.3.2004, p. 12).
(3) Telex COMEU B 21877; Telefax (32-2) 295 65 05.
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/4 |
Notice of the expiry of certain anti-dumping measures
(2005/C 52/03)
Further to the publication of a notice of impending expiry (1), following which no request for a review was received, the Commission gives notice that the anti-dumping measures mentioned below will shortly expire.
This notice is published in accordance with Article 11(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 384/96 of 22 December 1995 (2) on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community.
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Product |
Country(ies) of origin or exportation |
Measures |
Reference |
Date of expiry |
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Electronic weighing scales |
Japan |
Anti-dumping Duty |
Regulation (EC) No 468/2001 (OJ L 67, 9.3.2001, p. 24) |
10.3.2005 |
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Electronic weighing scales |
Singapore |
Anti-dumping Duty |
Regulation (EC) No 469/2001 (OJ L 67, 9.3.2001, p. 37) |
10.3.2005 |
(1) OJ C 214, 26.8.2004, p. 2.
(2) OJ L 56, 6.3.1996, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 461/2004 (OJ L 77, 13.3.2004, p. 12).
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/5 |
FINAL REPORT OF THE HEARING OFFICER
IN CASE COMP/ M.3333 — SONY/BMG
(pursuant to Article 15 of Commission Decision 2001/462/EC, ECSC of 23 May 2001 on the terms of reference of hearing officers in certain competition proceedings — OJ L 162, 19.6.2001, p. 21)
(2005/C 52/04)
(Text with EEA relevance)
The draft decision gives rise to the following observations:
Written procedure
It is recalled that on 9 January 2004 the undertakings Bertelsmann AG (‘Bertelsmann’) and Sony Corporation of America belonging to the Sony group, Japan (‘Sony’), (1) notified the merger of their global recorded music businesses to the Commission under Article 4 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 of 21 December 1989 on the control of concentrations between undertakings (2) (‘the Merger Regulation’).
By decision of 12 February 2004 the Commission initiated proceedings pursuant to Article 6(1)(c) of the Merger Regulation.
The procedure was suspended from 7 April until 5 May 2004 pursuant to Article 11(5) of the Merger Regulation as the parties had not fully responded to a request for information.
A statement of objections (‘SO’) was sent to the notifying parties on 24 May 2004.
The notifying parties were asked to reply by 9 June 2004. This deadline was complied with.
Access to file
Access to the file was granted to the notifying parties on 19 May 2004.
Subsequent to a meeting between myself, the representatives of the notifying parties and the case team which took place on 1 June 2004, I granted access to additional information in the Commission's file.
In order to allow the economists of the notifying parties to access third parties' confidential data in the Commission's data room, the economists signed a confidentiality declaration, the contents of which had been approved by Universal Music international, Warner Music Group and EMI Group. By mutual consent with the notifying parties and the third parties, I controlled compliance with this clause.
Finally, the notifying parties were granted further access to the file on 10 June 2004, when they were provided with the non-confidential version of the documents submitted by the European Broadcasting Association and Apple Computer Inc.
Involvement of third parties
I admitted the following undertakings as third parties according to Article 11(c) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 447/98: Apple Computer Inc., Universal Music International, Syndicat des Détaillants Spécialisés du Disque and Union des Producteurs Phonographiques Français Indépendants, European Consumer's Organisation, European Broadcasting Union, Playlouder, IMPALA, International Music Managers Forum, the Swedish Society of Popular Music Composers, EMI group, Warner Music Group, Time Warner Inc. In order to inform them of the nature and subject matter of the procedure, pursuant to Article 16 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 447/98, DG Competition sent them a non-confidential version of the SO.
Oral hearing
An oral hearing took place on 14 and 15 June 2004.
Most of the third parties that had taken part in the procedure also participated in the oral hearing.
EMI Group and Warner Music Group requested to be admitted as observers to the oral hearing. As I had already informed both companies before in writing, I take the view that hearings are not occasions in which interested third parties are allowed to attend without participating actively. Therefore, their admission was contingent on their willingness to present their views in the hearing. Since they were not in a position to do this, they could not be admitted.
Notwithstanding their non-admission to the oral hearing, I consider that both companies, as well as the other third parties, have had sufficient possibilities to participate in the ongoing proceedings and to ensure that their views are known by the Commission services. All third parties have had the opportunity to obtain an in-depth knowledge of the issues raised by the case in the course of the procedure; some third parties made comprehensive contributions to the Commission analysis undertaken both before the issuing of the SO and after having received the non confidential version of the SO.
Taking into account the replies of the parties to the SO and their explanations given at the oral hearing, DG Competition has concluded that the objections which it had set out in the SO did not stand.
In the light of the above, I consider that the rights to be heard of all participants to the present proceeding have been respected.
Brussels, 13 July 2004.
(signed)
Serge DURANDE
(1) Both refered to hereinafter as ‘the notifying parties’.
(2) OJ L 395, 30.12.1989, p. 1; corrigendum, OJ L 257, 21.9.1990, p. 13. Last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1319/97 (OJ L 180, 9.7.1997, p. 1); corrigendum, OJ L 40, 13.2.1998, p. 17.
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/7 |
Opinion of the Advisory Committee on concentrations given at its 127th meeting on 9 July 2004 concerning a preliminary Draft Decision in case COMP/M.3333 — SONY/BMG
(2005/C 52/05)
(Text with EEA relevance)
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1. |
The Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the notified operation constitutes a concentration within the meaning of the Merger Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 and that it has a Community dimension as defined by that Regulation. |
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2. |
The Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that there is a relevant product market for:
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3. |
The Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the above product markets are national in scope except for music publishing where the geographic market can be left open. |
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4. |
The majority of the Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the proposed concentration will not lead to the strengthening nor the creation of a collective dominant position in the markets for:
A minority disagrees. |
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5. |
The Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the proposed concentration will not lead to the creation of a single dominant position in:
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6. |
The majority of the Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the proposed concentration will not have as an effect the coordination of the competitive behaviour of Sony and Bertelsmann in the music publishing markets. A minority disagrees. |
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7. |
The majority of the Advisory Committee agrees with the Commission that the proposed concentration does not create nor strengthen a dominant position as a result of which effective competition would be significantly impeded in the Common Market or in a substantial part of it and that the concentration therefore is to be declared compatible with the Common Market and with the EEA Agreement. A minority disagrees. |
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8. |
The Advisory Committee recommends publication of its opinion in the Official Journal of the European Union. |
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9. |
The Advisory Committee asks the Commission to take into account all the other points raised during the discussion. |
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/8 |
COM documents other than legislative proposals adopted by the Commission
(2005/C 52/06)
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Document |
Part |
Date |
Title |
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COM(2004) 447 |
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30.6.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS: Mobile Broadband Services |
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COM(2004) 480 |
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13.7.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS: Towards a Global Partnership in the Information Society: Translating the Geneva principles into actions — Commission proposals for the second phase of the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) Information Society (WSIS) |
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COM(2004) 642 |
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12.10.2004 |
Proposal for a RECOMMENDATION OF THE COUNCIL AND OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on further European cooperation in quality assurance in higher education |
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COM(2004) 694 |
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22.10.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL: Follow-up to the White Paper on a New Impetus for European Youth: evaluation of activities conducted in the framework of European cooperation in the youth field |
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COM(2004) 701 |
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20.10.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: Preparedness and consequence management in the fight against terrorism |
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COM(2004) 702 |
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20.10.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: Critical Infrastructure Protection in the fight against terrorism |
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COM(2004) 757 |
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19.11.2004 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS: Challenges for the European Information Society beyond 2005 |
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COM(2004) 818 |
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20.12.2004 |
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION: ‘CATCHING UP WITH THE COMMUNITY'S KYOTO TARGET’ |
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COM(2004) 833 |
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27.12.2004 |
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL on the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 450/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council |
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COM(2005) 9 |
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25.1.2005 |
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on the possibility of introduction of electronic identification for bovine animals |
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COM(2005) 20 |
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28.1.2005 |
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT: Community Strategy Concerning Mercury |
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COM(2005) 25 |
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28.1.2005 |
PRELIMINARY DRAFT AMENDING BUDGET No 1 TO THE BUDGET FOR 2005 — GENERAL STATEMENT OF REVENUE — STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE BY SECTION — Section III — Commission |
These texts are available on EUR-Lex: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/
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2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/9 |
STATE AID — GREECE
State aid No C 23/2004 (ex NN 153/2003) — Aid to undertakings in the Departments of Kastoria and Euboea (Ministerial Decree No 69836/B1461, as amended by Decrees Nos 2035824/5887, 2045909/7431/0025, 2071670/11297 and 72742/B1723)
Invitation to submit comments pursuant to Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty
(2005/C 52/07)
By letter dated 16 June 2004, reproduced in the authentic language on the pages following this summary, the Commission notified Greece of its decision to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty concerning the aid scheme referred to above.
Interested parties may submit their comments on the aid scheme in respect of which the Commission is initiating the procedure within one month of the publication date of this summary and the letter below, to:
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The European Commission |
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Directorate-General for Agriculture |
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Directorate H2 |
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Office: Loi 130 5/120 |
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B-1049 Brussels |
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Fax (32-2) 296 76 72 |
These comments will be communicated to Greece. Parties submitting comments may request that their identity be regarded as confidential. Such requests must be made in writing and must state the reasons for the request.
SUMMARY
The above Decrees provide for various aid measures for craft and industrial undertakings. It would appear that agricultural undertakings have benefited from the measures, which are as follows:
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(a) |
consolidation in a new, subsidised loan, with the possibility of a grace period, of costly debts linked to loans granted for investments and/or the creation or financing of operating funds; |
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(b) |
the provision of Government guarantees for debt restructuring; |
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(c) |
the application of a preferential rate even before an interest-rate reduction is applied. |
These measures are for undertakings with cash-flow problems.
Assessment
Caution is advised at this stage regarding the compatibility of the scheme with the common market for the following reasons:
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— |
when asked to explain the aid, the Greek authorities said that the Decrees had not been notified because they considered that the aid they provided for did not constitute State aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the Treaty; they added that, although they did not know the exact number of beneficiaries, the amounts of aid involved were probably covered by the de minimis rule, |
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given that the de minimis rule does not apply in the agricultural sector and that the Decrees concerned are aimed at undertakings experiencing cash-flow problems, the aid must be examined in the light of the rules for rescuing and restructuring firms in difficulty applicable since the entry into force of the first of the Decrees; however, the information available does not allow a decision to be reached on whether or not those rules have been complied with, |
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again in the agricultural sector, the information available does not allow a decision to be reached on whether or not the Government guarantees have been provided in accordance with the various rules on State aid in the form of guarantees applicable since the entry into force of the first of the Decrees; |
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the de minimis rule does apply in the industrial and craft sectors, but as the Greek authorities do not know the number of beneficiaries of the measures provided for by the Decrees in question and the ceilings on de minimis aid are calculated over a three-year period, rather than for a one-off operation, it is impossible to determine whether or not the aid provided for in the Decrees is actually covered by the de minimis rule; under these circumstances, the aid must also be examined in the light of the various rules for rescuing and restructuring firms in difficulty applicable since the entry into force of the first of the Decrees; however, the information available does not allow a decision to be reached on whether or not those rules have been complied with, |
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— |
again in these sectors, the information available does not allow a decision to be reached on whether or not the Government guarantees have been provided in accordance with the various rules on State aid in the form of guarantees applicable since the entry into force of the first of the Decrees. |
TEXT OF THE LETTER
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‘1. |
Με την παρούσα, η Επιτροπή έχει την τιμή να πληροφορήσει την Ελλάδα ότι αφού εξέτασε τις υποβληθείσες από τις αρχές της χώρας σας πληροφορίες, αποφάσισε να κινήσει την προβλεπόμενη από το άρθρο 88, παράγραφος 2, της συνθήκης ΕΚ διαδικασία έναντι των ενισχύσεων που προβλέπονται στις ανωτέρω υπουργικές αποφάσεις. |
ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΑ
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2. |
Περιήλθαν στην Επιτροπή πληροφορίες σύμφωνα με τις οποίες χορηγήθηκαν το 1993 όπως και στη διάρκεια των επομένων ετών, ορισμένες ενισχύσεις σε επιχειρήσεις των νομών Καστοριάς και Εύβοιας, στο πλαίσιο ενός σχεδίου ρύθμισης (αναδιαπραγμάτευσης) οφειλών, που διέπεται από τις ανωτέρω αποφάσεις. Οι ενισχύσεις αυτές, οι οποίες σύμφωνα με τον τίτλο των προαναφερομένων αποφάσεων θα περιορίζονταν στις βιομηχανικές και βιοτεχνικές επιχειρήσεις, φέρονται να έχουν επίσης χορηγηθεί στον γεωργικό τομέα, και ιδιαίτερα στις επιχειρήσεις μεταποίησης/εμπορίας γεωργικών προϊόντων. |
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3. |
Με επιστολή της 27ης Μαΐου 2003, οι υπηρεσίες της Επιτροπής ζήτησαν από τις ελληνικές αρχές να τους κοινοποιήσουν, εντός προθεσμίας τεσσάρων εβδομάδων, το κείμενο των εν λόγω αποφάσεων όπως και κάθε άλλη χρήσιμη πληροφορία ενόψει εξέτασης των διατάξεών τους βάσει των άρθρων 87 και 88 της συνθήκης. |
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4. |
Με επιστολή της 10ης Ιουλίου 2003, που πρωτοκολλήθηκε στις 17 Ιουλίου 2003, η Μόνιμη Ελληνική Αντιπροσωπεία στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση κοινοποίησε στις υπηρεσίες της Επιτροπής σημείωμα των ελληνικών αρχών με το οποίο οι τελευταίες ζητούσαν παράταση ενός μηνός της ανωτέρω στο σημείο 3 προθεσμίας. |
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5. |
Με επιστολή της 4ης Αυγούστου 2003, που πρωτοκολλήθηκε στις 6 Αυγούστου 2003, η Μόνιμη Ελληνική Αντιπροσωπεία στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση κοινοποίησε στις υπηρεσίες της Επιτροπής τις πληροφορίες που ζητήθηκαν με την επιστολή της 27ης Μαΐου 2003. |
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6. |
Από την εξέταση των πληροφοριών αυτών προέκυψε ότι οι ενισχύσεις είχαν πράγματι καταβληθεί χωρίς την έγκριση της Επιτροπής. Συνεπώς, οι υπηρεσίες της Επιτροπής αποφάσισαν να ανοίξουν φάκελο μη κοινοποιηθείσας ενίσχυσης, υπ' αριθ. NN 153/03. |
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7. |
Η παρούσα απόφαση αναφέρεται στις διατάξεις της αποφάσεως αριθ. 69836/B1461, και μόνον, όπως αυτή τροποποιήθηκε από τις αποφάσεις αριθ. 2035824/5887, 2045909/7431/0025, 2071670/11297 και 72742/B1723. Οι διατάξεις των αποφάσεων αριθ. 66336/B.1398 της 14.9.93 και 30755/B1199 θα εξεταστούν στο πλαίσιο άλλου φακέλου, δεδομένου ότι, βάσει των σήμερα διαθέσιμων πληροφοριών, φαίνεται να αφορούν άλλους από τους αναφερόμενους στο θέμα νομούς. |
ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ
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8. |
Η υπουργική απόφαση αριθ. 69836/B.1461 της 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 1993, με την οποία εγκρίνεται η χορήγηση επιδότησης επιτοκίου επί των οφειλομένων υπολοίπων χορηγήσεων από δάνεια για κεφάλαια κίνησης και πάγιες επενδύσεις των βιομηχανικών και βιοτεχνικών επιχειρήσεων των νομών Καστοριάς και Εύβοιας, προβλέπει τα ακόλουθα:
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9. |
Η υπαγωγή στις προβλεπόμενες από την απόφαση αυτή ρυθμίσεις υπόκειται στην τήρηση των ακόλουθων προϋποθέσεων:
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10. |
Η απόφαση αριθ. 2035824/5887 της 1ης Ιουνίου 1994:
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|
11. |
Η υπουργική απόφαση αριθ. 2045909/7431/0025 της 26ης Αυγούστου 1994:
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|
12. |
Η υπουργική απόφαση αριθ. 2071670/11297 της 9ης Νοεμβρίου 1994 προβλέπει την παροχή της εγγυήσεως του Δημοσίου για τη ρύθμιση των προαναφερομένων οφειλών. Η εγγύηση αυτή ισχύει με τον όρο της διατήρησης των ασφαλειών που έχουν συσταθεί στις Τράπεζες. |
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13. |
Τέλος, η απόφαση αριθ. 72742/B1723 επιφέρει ορισμένες τελευταίες τροποποιήσεις στην απόφαση αριθ. 69836/B1461 της 30ής Σεπτεμβρίου 1993, όπως επίσης και σε μια άλλη απόφαση υπ' αριθ. 66336/B1398, με ημερομηνία 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 1993, ορίζοντας τα ακόλουθα: “Οι επιχειρήσεις που κάνουν χρήση της εναλλακτικής δυνατότητας ρύθμισης οφειλών που προβλέπεται στις κοινές υπουργικές αποφάσεις αριθ. 30755/B1199 της 21.7.94 και 2045909/7431/0025 της 26ης Αυγούστου 1994, έχουν την ευχέρεια να εξοφλήσουν τους τόκους της περιόδου χάριτος, που τις βαρύνουν αντί να τους κεφαλαιοποιήσουν. Στην περίπτωση αυτή, η πενταετής επιδότηση του επιτοκίου ορίζεται σε δέκα εκατοστιαίες μονάδες, με την προϋπόθεση ότι η συνολική δαπάνη από την επιδότηση του επιτοκίου, που βαρύνει το λογαριασμό του Ν 128/75, δεν θα είναι μεγαλύτερη της δαπάνης που αναλογεί σε κάθε μία επιχείρηση όταν κάνει χρήση των διατάξεων των κοινών υπουργικών αποφάσεων αριθ. 30755/B1199 της 21ης Ιουλίου 1994 και 2045909/7431/0025 της 26ης Αυγούστου 1994.” |
ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ
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14. |
Δυνάμει του άρθρου 87, παράγραφος 1 της Συνθήκης, ενισχύσεις που χορηγούνται υπό οποιαδήποτε μορφή από τα κράτη ή με κρατικούς πόρους και που νοθεύουν ή απειλούν να νοθεύσουν τον ανταγωνισμό δια της ευνοϊκής μεταχειρίσεως ορισμένων επιχειρήσεων ή ορισμένων κλάδων παραγωγής είναι ασυμβίβαστες με την κοινή αγορά, κατά το μέτρο που επηρεάζουν τις μεταξύ κρατών μελών συναλλαγές. Στο παρόν στάδιο, το εξεταζόμενο μέτρο φαίνεται να αντιστοιχεί με τον ορισμό αυτό, κατά την έννοια ότι ευνοεί ορισμένες επιχειρήσεις των οποίων ελαφρύνει το βάρος ορισμένων τρεχουσών δαπανών (των βιομηχανικών και βιοτεχνικών επιχειρήσεων, σύμφωνα με τον τίτλο της απόφασης αριθ. 69836/B1461 της 30ής Σεπτεμβρίου 1993, αλλά επίσης, λαμβανομένων υπόψη των πληροφοριών που περιήλθαν στην Επιτροπή, των επιχειρήσεων μεταποίησης και εμπορίας γεωργικών προϊόντων του τομέα των λιπαρών ουσιών), και ότι δύναται να επηρεάσει τις συναλλαγές λόγω της θέσης που κατέχει η Ελλάδα στις αντίστοιχες παραγωγές (για παράδειγμα, στον γεωργικό τομέα και ειδικότερα στις λιπαρές ουσίες, η Ελλάδα είχε το 2000 ποσοστό 21,6 % της κοινοτικής παραγωγής ελιών, και 17,6 % το 2001). |
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15. |
Εντούτοις, στις προβλεπόμενες από το άρθρο 87 παράγραφοι 2 και 3 της Συνθήκης περιπτώσεις, ορισμένα μέτρα δύνανται, κατά παρέκκλιση, να θεωρηθούν ως συμβιβάσιμα με την κοινή αγορά. |
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16. |
Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, θα μπορούσε να προταθεί μόνον η παρέκκλιση που προβλέπεται από το άρθρο 87 παράγραφος 3, στοιχείο γ) της Συνθήκης, που αναφέρει ότι δύνανται να θεωρηθούν ότι συμβιβάζονται με την κοινή αγορά οι ενισχύσεις για την προώθηση της αναπτύξεως ορισμένων οικονομικών δραστηριοτήτων ή οικονομικών περιοχών, εφόσον δεν αλλοιώνουν τους όρους των συναλλαγών κατά τρόπο που θα αντέκειτο προς το κοινό συμφέρον. |
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17. |
Σύμφωνα με τις πληροφορίες των οποίων έλαβε γνώση η Επιτροπή, όλα τα ανωτέρω περιγραφόμενα μέτρα ενδεχομένως περιέχουν ορισμένες μορφές κρατικών ενισχύσεων, λαμβανομένου υπόψη του γεγονότος ότι έχουν οριστεί και χρηματοδοτηθεί από τις δημόσιες αρχές (βλ. σημείο 8 δεύτερη περίπτωση και υποσημείωση αριθ. 1):
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18. |
Όλα αυτά τα στοιχεία πιθανών ενισχύσεων πρέπει να τύχουν ανάλυσης από δύο απόψεις: αυτή της εφαρμογής τους στον γεωργικό τομέα και αυτήν της εφαρμογής τους στο βιομηχανικό και βιοτεχνικό τομέα, λαμβανομένων γενικότερα υπόψη των παρατηρήσεων που διατυπώθηκαν από τις ελληνικές αρχές στις 4 Αυγούστου 2003, σε απάντησή τους στις ερωτήσεις των υπηρεσιών της Επιτροπής, της 27ης Μαΐου 2003. |
Όσον αφορά τον γεωργικό τομέα
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19. |
Η Επιτροπή σημειώνει καταρχάς ότι, στην επιστολή τους της 4ης Αυγούστου 2003, οι ελληνικές αρχές διευκρινίζουν ότι δεν είχαν κοινοποιήσει τις εν λόγω ενισχύσεις επειδή θεωρούσαν ότι δεν συνιστούσαν κρατικές ενισχύσεις κατά την έννοια του άρθρου 87, παράγραφος 1 της συνθήκης. Ανέφεραν επίσης ότι, σύμφωνα με τα διαθέσιμα στοιχεία, το συνολικό ύψος της επιδότησης επιτοκίου ανήλθε κατά την περίοδο της εφαρμογής των αποφάσεων στα 47 εκατομμύρια ευρώ· όσον αφορά τις καταβληθείσες εγγυήσεις του Δημοσίου, ανήλθαν σε 7 εκατομμύρια ευρώ, από τα οποία το μεγαλύτερο μέρος έχει ήδη επιστραφεί από τους δικαιούχους στο Δημόσιο. Τέλος, προσέθεσαν ότι δεν διέθεταν αναλυτικά στοιχεία ανά επιχείρηση και νομό, μπορούσαν ωστόσο να εκτιμήσουν ότι ο κύριος όγκος των κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο χορηγηθεισών ενισχύσεων αφορούσε ποσά τα οποία εμπίπτουν στον κανόνα de minimis. |
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20. |
Καθώς πρόκειται για μη κοινοποιηθείσες ενισχύσεις, αυτές θα πρέπει να εξεταστούν με βάση τους ισχύοντες κατά τον χρόνο της χορήγησής τους κανόνες και κατευθυντήριες γραμμές, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του σημείου 23.3 δεύτερο εδάφιο των κατευθυντηρίων γραμμών της Κοινότητας όσον αφορά τις κρατικές ενισχύσεις στον γεωργικό τομέα (3). |
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21. |
Αλλά, κατά τις ημερομηνίες έναρξης ισχύος της απόφασης αριθ. 69836/B1461 και των τροποποιήσεών της, ο κανόνας de minimis, ο οποίος είχε προσδιοριστεί στο κοινοτικό πλαίσιο των ενισχύσεων στις μικρομεσαίες επιχειρήσεις του 1992 (4), δεν είχε εφαρμογή στον γεωργικό τομέα (5). |
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22. |
Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, και καθώς ο εν λόγω κανόνας προβάλλεται ρητά από τις ελληνικές αρχές για δικαιολόγηση των ενισχύσεων, η Επιτροπή δεν μπορεί παρά να αμφιβάλλει για το συμβιβάσιμο των ενισχύσεων αυτών με την κοινή αγορά. |
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23. |
Πράγματι, δυνάμει της απόφασης αριθ. 69836/B1461, οι επιχειρήσεις θα έπρεπε να είναι βιώσιμες μετά τη ρύθμιση των οφειλών τους (βλ. ανωτέρω σημείο 9), πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι κατά τον χρόνο της ρύθμισης θα έπρεπε να αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα (το στοιχείο αυτό αποτυπώνεται στο προοίμιο της απόφασης αριθ. 2045909/7431/0025, η οποία αναφέρει την ανάγκη υποβοήθησης των βιομηχανικών και βιοτεχνικών επιχειρήσεων των νομών Καστοριάς και Εύβοιας που αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα ρευστότητας). |
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24. |
Κατά τον χρόνο έναρξης ισχύος της απόφασης αριθ. 69836/B1461, η Επιτροπή ακολουθούσε την πολιτική να θεωρεί ότι οι ενισχύσεις στις προβληματικές επιχειρήσεις, όπως είναι οι ανωτέρω περιγραφόμενες, συνιστούσαν ενισχύσεις στη λειτουργία, οι οποίες δεν μπορούσαν, καταρχήν, να θεωρηθούν ως συμβιβάσιμες με την κοινή αγορά παρά μόνον εάν πληρούσαν τις κατωτέρω τρεις προϋποθέσεις:
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25. |
Το 1997, οι προϋποθέσεις αυτές αντικαταστάθηκαν από τις διατάξεις των κοινοτικών κατευθυντήριων γραμμών όσον αφορά τις κρατικές ενισχύσεις για τη διάσωση και την αναδιάρθρωση προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων (6). Το σημείο 4.4 των εν λόγω κατευθυντήριων γραμμών ορίζει ότι “όσον αφορά τον γεωργικό τομέα, [οι κατευθυντήριες γραμμές] θα αρχίσουν να ισχύουν την 1η Ιανουαρίου 1998 για τις νέες κρατικές ενισχύσεις και για τις υφιστάμενες κρατικές ενισχύσεις ισχύει η ίδια ημερομηνία, σε περίπτωση δε που η Επιτροπή έχει κινήσει στο πλαίσιο αυτό τη διαδικασία του άρθρου 93 (σήμερα άρθρου 88), παράγραφος 2 της Συνθήκης κατά ενός ή περισσοτέρων κρατών μελών, αφότου η Επιτροπή εκδώσει την οριστική απόφαση έναντι του(των) συγκεκριμένου(ων) κράτους(κρατών) μέλους(μελών) βάσει του άρθρου 93 (σήμερα άρθρου 88) παράγραφος 2 της Συνθήκης”. |
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26. |
Οι κοινοτικές κατευθυντήριες γραμμές για τη διάσωση και την αναδιάρθρωση των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων του 1997 αντικαταστάθηκαν από νέες κατευθυντήριες γραμμές, στις 9 Οκτωβρίου 1999 (7). Στο σημείο 6.3 των νέων αυτών κατευθυντήριων γραμμών, αναφέρεται ότι “τα κράτη μέλη πρέπει να προσαρμόσουν τα καθεστώτα ενισχύσεων διάσωσης και αναδιάρθρωσης που εφαρμόζουν και που παραμένουν σε ισχύ μετά τις 30 Ιουνίου 2000 και να τα ευθυγραμμίσουν με τις … κατευθυντήριες γραμμές … μετά την ημερομηνία αυτή ”. Επίσης, “για να μπορέσει η Επιτροπή να ελέγξει την προσαρμογή αυτή, τα κράτη μέλη [πρέπει να της διαβιβάσουν] πριν τις 31 Δεκεμβρίου 1999, κατάσταση με όλα αυτά τα καθεστώτα. Εν συνεχεία, και εν πάση περιπτώσει, πριν από τις 30 Ιουνίου 2000, πρέπει να της διαβιβάσουν επαρκή στοιχεία που θα της επιτρέψουν να διαπιστώσει κατά πόσον τα καθεστώτα αυτά τροποποιήθηκαν σύμφωνα με τις … κατευθυντήριες γραμμές”. |
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27. |
Στη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, καθώς οι ελληνικές αρχές ανέφεραν, στην επιστολή τους της 4ης Αυγούστου 2003, ότι η ισχύς των εν λόγω υπουργικών αποφάσεων είχε λήξει, χωρίς να διευκρινίζουν την ημερομηνία που κατέστησαν ανενεργείς (8), η Επιτροπή οφείλει να προβεί στην εξέταση των εν λόγω μέτρων λαμβάνοντας υπόψη όλους τους προαναφερόμενους στα σημεία 24 έως 26 κανόνες. |
Ενισχύσεις που χορηγήθηκαν μεταξύ 1ης Οκτωβρίου 1993 και 31ης Δεκεμβρίου 1997
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28. |
Όσον αφορά τους κανόνες που εφαρμόζονται στις κρατικές ενισχύσεις για προβληματικές επιχειρήσεις μεταξύ της ημερομηνίας έναρξης ισχύος της αποφάσεως αριθ. 69836/B1461 (την 1η Οκτωβρίου 1993) και 31ης Δεκεμβρίου 1997 (για τους παρατιθέμενους στο σημείο 25 λόγους), η Επιτροπή διαπιστώνει τα εξής:
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29. |
Λαμβανομένων υπόψη των σκέψεων αυτών, η Επιτροπή ασφαλώς αμφιβάλλει, στο παρόν στάδιο, σχετικά με την τήρηση των προαναφερομένων στο σημείο 24 προϋποθέσεων, και συνεπώς όσον αφορά το συμβιβάσιμο με την κοινή αγορά των εν λόγω ενισχύσεων που χορηγήθηκαν μεταξύ 1ης Οκτωβρίου 1993 και 31ης Δεκεμβρίου 1997. |
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30. |
Οι αμφιβολίες αυτές ενισχύονται ακόμη από το γεγονός ότι, μέχρι σήμερα, τίποτε δεν επιτρέπει στην Επιτροπή να διαπιστώσει ότι η παρεχόμενη από Δημόσιο εγγύηση για την πράξη ρύθμισης των οφειλών συνάδει με τους κανόνες σε θέματα κρατικών ενισχύσεων που χορηγούνται υπό τη μορφή εγγυήσεων, κανόνες που εφαρμόζονταν κατά την ημερομηνία έναρξης ισχύος της αποφάσεως αριθ. 69836/B1461 (11). |
Πιθανές ενισχύσεις που χορηγήθηκαν μεταξύ της 1ης Ιανουαρίου 1998 και της 30ής Ιουνίου 2000
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31. |
Η Επιτροπή, ελλείψει πληροφοριών, δεν είναι σε θέση να προσδιορίσει κατά πόσον οι ελληνικές αρχές έχουν προβεί στην προσαρμογή των εν λόγω μέτρων ενίσχυσης στις διατάξεις των κοινοτικών κατευθυντηρίων γραμμών για τις κρατικές ενισχύσεις στη διάσωση και αναδιάρθρωση των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων, του 1997. Μπορεί ωστόσο να διατυπώσει την ανησυχία ότι δεν έπραξαν κάτι τέτοιο, στο μέτρο που, όπως αναφέρεται στο ανωτέρω σημείο 19, θεωρούσαν ότι τα μέτρα δεν συνιστούσαν κρατικές ενισχύσεις κατά την έννοια του άρθρου 87, παράγραφος 1 της Συνθήκης. |
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32. |
Στο πλαίσιο αυτό και στο παρόν στάδιο, η Επιτροπή ασφαλώς αμφιβάλλει για το συμβιβάσιμο των εν λόγω μέτρων ενίσχυσης με την κοινή αγορά στη διάρκεια της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου. |
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33. |
Οι αμφιβολίες αυτές ενισχύονται ακόμη από το γεγονός ότι μέχρι σήμερα, τίποτε δεν επιτρέπει στην Επιτροπή να διαπιστώσει ότι η παρεχόμενη από Δημόσιο εγγύηση για την πράξη ρύθμισης των οφειλών συνάδει με τους κανόνες σε θέματα κρατικών ενισχύσεων που χορηγούνται υπό τη μορφή εγγυήσεων, που ίσχυαν στη διάρκεια της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου (12). |
Πιθανές ενισχύσεις που χορηγήθηκαν από την 1η Ιουλίου 2000
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34. |
Ελλείψει πληροφοριών, η Επιτροπή δεν είναι σε θέση να προσδιορίσει κατά πόσον οι ελληνικές αρχές έχουν προσαρμόσει τα εν λόγω μέτρα ενισχύσεων στις διατάξεις των κοινοτικών κατευθυντήριων γραμμών για τις κρατικές ενισχύσεις στη διάσωση και αναδιάρθρωση των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων, του 1999. Μπορεί ωστόσο να διατυπώσει την ανησυχία ότι δεν έπραξαν κάτι τέτοιο, για τους προαναφερόμενους στο σημείο 30 λόγους. |
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35. |
Στο πλαίσιο αυτό και στο παρόν στάδιο, η Επιτροπή ασφαλώς αμφιβάλλει για το συμβιβάσιμο των εν λόγω μέτρων ενίσχυσης με την κοινή αγορά στη διάρκεια της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου. |
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36. |
Οι αμφιβολίες αυτές ενισχύονται ακόμη από το γεγονός ότι μέχρι σήμερα, τίποτε δεν επιτρέπει στην Επιτροπή να διαπιστώσει ότι η παρεχόμενη από Δημόσιο εγγύηση για την πράξη ρύθμισης των οφειλών συνάδει με τους κανόνες σε θέματα κρατικών ενισχύσεων που χορηγούνται υπό τη μορφή εγγυήσεων, που ίσχυαν στη διάρκεια της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου (13). |
Όσον αφορά το βιομηχανικό και βιοτεχνικό τομέα
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37. |
Στους δύο αυτούς τομείς, ο κανόνας de minimis στον οποίο παραπέμπουν οι αρχές, όντως εφαρμόζεται. Εντούτοις, η Επιτροπή διερωτάται πώς οι ελληνικές αρχές μπορούν να εκτιμήσουν ότι τα ποσά ενισχύσεων τα οποία ανέφεραν (βλ. ανωτέρω σημείο 19) υπάγονται στον κανόνα de minimis (ότι δηλαδή χορηγήθηκαν τηρουμένων των όρων που καθορίζονται στα διάφορα προαναφερόμενα στο σημείο 21 κείμενα και στην υποσημείωση της σελίδας 6), στο μέτρο που δεν φαίνεται να γνωρίζουν τον ακριβή αριθμό των δικαιούχων που υπήχθησαν στο καθεστώς (το τελευταίο αυτό σημείο μας υποχρεώνει επίσης να αναρωτηθούμε με ποιον τρόπο ήταν οι ελληνικές αρχές σε θέση να προσδιορίσουν αυτό καθαυτό το ποσό των ενισχύσεων που χορηγήθηκαν) και στο μέτρο που τα ανώτατα όρια τα υπαγόμενα στον κανόνα de minimis υπολογίζονται βάσει τριετούς περιόδου, και όχι σε σχέση με μια μεμονωμένη πράξη. |
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38. |
Σε μια τέτοια κατάσταση όπου, στο παρόν στάδιο, είναι αδύνατο να προσδιοριστεί κατά πόσον οι ενισχύσεις που χορηγήθηκαν στις βιομηχανικές και βιοτεχνικές επιχειρήσεις των εν λόγω δύο νομών υπάγονται πράγματι στον κανόνα de minimis, ότι δηλαδή δεν συνιστούν κρατικές ενισχύσεις κατά την έννοια του άρθρου 87 παράγραφος 1 της Συνθήκης, η Επιτροπή οφείλει να διατυπώσει την υπόθεση περί υπάρξεως κρατικών ενισχύσεων και, εξαιτίας αυτού, να προβεί στην ανάλυση των εν λόγω μέτρων με βάση τους οικείους κοινοτικούς κανόνες. Λαμβανομένων υπόψη των σκέψεων που αναπτύσσονται στο ανωτέρω σημείο 23, οι εν λόγω κανόνες είναι αυτοί που διέπουν τις κρατικές ενισχύσεις για τη διάσωση και αναδιάρθρωση προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων, από την έναρξη ισχύος της αποφάσεως αριθ. 69836/B1461, και συγκεκριμένα, κατά σειρά:
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39. |
Στο στάδιο αυτό, και λαμβανομένων υπόψη των διαθέσιμων πληροφοριών, η Επιτροπή δεν είναι σε θέση να προσδιορίσει κατά πόσον η χορήγηση των ενισχύσεων με βάση τις εν λόγω αποφάσεις έγινε τηρουμένων των προαναφερομένων στο σημείο 35 κανόνων, οι οποίοι προβλέπουν ιδίως την κατάρτιση σχεδίων αναδιάρθρωσης. Δύναται ωστόσο να αμφιβάλλει ότι τηρήθηκαν οι κανόνες αυτοί, στο μέτρο που, όπως αναφέρεται ανωτέρω στο σημείο 19, οι ελληνικές αρχές θεώρησαν, με την επιστολή τους της 4ης Αυγούστου 2003, ότι τα εν λόγω μέτρα δεν συνιστούσαν κρατικές ενισχύσεις κατά την έννοια του άρθρου 87 παράγραφος 1 της Συνθήκης. |
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40. |
Μέσα σε ένα τέτοιο πλαίσιο, και στο παρόν στάδιο, η Επιτροπή ασφαλώς αμφιβάλλει σχετικά με το συμβιβάσιμο των εν λόγω ενισχύσεων με την κοινή αγορά. |
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41. |
Οι αμφιβολίες αυτές ενισχύονται ακόμη από το γεγονός ότι, μέχρι σήμερα, τίποτε δεν επιτρέπει στην Επιτροπή να διαπιστώσει ότι η παρεχόμενη από το Δημόσιο εγγύηση για την πράξη ρύθμισης των οφειλών συνάδει με τους κανόνες σε θέματα κρατικών ενισχύσεων που χορηγούνται υπό τη μορφή εγγυήσεων, που ίσχυαν στη διάρκεια της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου (19). |
ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ
|
42. |
Λαμβανομένων υπόψη όλων των αμφιβολιών που διατυπώθηκαν στην ανωτέρω ανάλυση, η Επιτροπή αποφάσισε να κινήσει τη διαδικασία εξέτασης που προβλέπεται από το άρθρο 88 παράγραφος 2 της Συνθήκης. |
|
43. |
Στο πλαίσιο της διαδικασίας αυτής, η Επιτροπή καλεί την Ελλάδα να υποβάλει τις παρατηρήσεις της όπως και κάθε άλλη πληροφορία χρήσιμη για την αξιολόγηση των εν λόγω ενισχύσεων, εντός προθεσμίας ενός μηνός από την ημερομηνία παραλαβής της παρούσας. Καλεί επίσης τις αρχές της χώρας σας να διαβιβάσουν αμέσως αντίγραφο της επιστολής αυτής στους πιθανούς δικαιούχους-αποδέκτες ενισχύσεων. |
|
44. |
Η Επιτροπή υπενθυμίζει στην Ελλάδα το ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα της διατάξεως του άρθρου 88 παράγραφος 3 της συνθήκης ΕΚ και παραπέμπει στο άρθρο 14 του κανονισμού (ΕΚ) αριθ. 659/1999 του Συμβουλίου, το οποίο προβλέπει ότι κάθε παράνομη ενίσχυση δυνατόν να αποτελέσει το αντικείμενο ανάκτησης από τον δικαιούχο της. |
|
45. |
Με την παρούσα, η Επιτροπή γνωστοποιεί στην Ελλάδα ότι θα ενημερώσει τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη με δημοσίευση της παρούσας επιστολής και με περίληψή της στην Επίσημη Εφημερίδα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Όλοι οι ανωτέρω ενδιαφερόμενοι θα κληθούν να υποβάλουν τις παρατηρήσεις τους εντός προθεσμίας ενός μηνός από την ημερομηνία της δημοσίευσης αυτής.’ |
(1) Ο λογαριασμός αυτός, που ανοίχθηκε στην Τράπεζα της Ελλάδας, τροφοδοτείται από την παρακράτηση επί των χορηγήσεων των εμπορικών τραπεζών. Κάθε ακάλυπτο ποσό του λογαριασμού αυτού βαραίνει το κράτος (σύμφωνα με τις πληροφορίες που διαθέτει η Επιτροπή, ο λογαριασμός παρέμεινε επί μακρόν ελλειμματικός και, κατά συνέπεια, τροφοδοτείτο από το κράτος). Στην απόφασή του της 7ης Ιουνίου 1978, στην υπόθεση C 57/86 (Συλλογή 1988, σ. 439), το Δικαστήριο διαπίστωσε ότι η δραστηριότητα της Τράπεζας της Ελλάδας σε θέματα διαχείρισης και πληρωμών υπόκειτο σε άμεσο κρατικό έλεγχο.
(2) Δεδομένου ότι, στο παρόν στάδιο, οι υπηρεσίες της Επιτροπής δεν γνωρίζουν τον χρόνο κατά τον οποίο έπαυσαν να ισχύουν οι αποφάσεις (στην επιστολή τους της 4ης Αυγούστου 2003, οι ελληνικές αρχές ανέφεραν ότι αυτές δεν εφαρμόζονται πλέον, χωρίς να διευκρινίσουν από πότε), η προσαύξηση του 5 % λογικά εφαρμόστηκε για όλες τις μεταγενέστερες της 1ης Ιουνίου 1994 περιόδους που αναφέρονται στον πίνακα· συνεπώς, ο πίνακας αυτός είναι δυνατό να τροποποιηθεί ανάλογα με τις ημερομηνίες παύσης ισχύος των αποφάσεων, τις οποίες οι ελληνικές αρχές θα οφείλουν να κοινοποιήσουν.
(3) ΕΕ C 232 της 12.8.2000, σ. 17.
(4) ΕΕ C 213 της 19.8.1992, σ. 2.
(5) Ο κανόνας αυτός στη συνέχεια επαναπροσδιορίστηκε, στην ανακοίνωση της Επιτροπής σχετικά με τις ενισχύσεις de minimis του 1996 (ΕΕ C 68 της 6.3.1996, σ. 9), και μετά στον κανονισμό (ΕΚ) αριθ. 69/2001 της Επιτροπής, της 12ης Ιανουαρίου 2001, για την εφαρμογή των άρθρων 87 και 88 της συνθήκης ΕΚ στις ενισχύσεις ήσσονος σημασίας (ΕΕ L 10 της 13.1.2001, σ. 30).
(6) ΕΕ C 283 της 19.9.1997, σ. 2.
(7) ΕΕ C 288 της 9.10.1999, σ. 2.
(8) Βλ. υποσημείωση αριθ. 2.
(9) ΕΕ L 163 της 29.6.1990, σ. 71.
(10) ΕΕ L 79 της 23.3.1994, σ. 29.
(11) Πρβλ. επιστολές της Επιτροπής στα κράτη μέλη SG(89) D/4328 της 5ης Απριλίου 1989 και SG(89) D/12772 της 12ης Οκτωβρίου 1989 καθώς και σημείο 38 της ανακοίνωσης της Επιτροπής προς τα κράτη μέλη σχετικά με την εφαρμογή των άρθρων 92 και 93 της Συνθήκης και του άρθρου 5 της οδηγίας 80/723/ΕΟΚ της Επιτροπής στις δημόσιες επιχειρήσεις του τομέα μεταποίησης (ΕΕ C 307 της 13.11.1993, σ. 3).
(12) Βλ. υποσημειώσεις 9 και 11.
(13) ΕΕ C 71 της 11.3.2000, σ. 14.
(14) Ειδικότερα στα σημεία 177, 227 και 228 της εν λόγω Έκθεσης.
(15) ΕΕ C 368 της 23.12.1994, σ. 12.
(16) Βλ. υποσημείωση 6.
(17) ΕΕ C 74 της 10.3.1998, σ. 31.
(18) ΕΕ C 288 της 9.10.1999, σ. 2.
(19) Βλ. υποσημειώσεις 9 και 11.
|
2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/18 |
Information procedure — Technical rules
(2005/C 52/08)
(Text with EEA relevance)
Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on Information Society services. (OJ L 204, 21.7.1998, p. 37; OJ L 217, 5.8.1998, p. 18).
Notifications of draft national technical rules received by the Commission
|
Reference (1) |
Title |
End of three-month standstill period (2) |
|
2005/0033/S |
Swedish Maritime Administration's administrative provisions and general guidance on hull construction, stability and freeboard |
3.5.2005 |
|
2005/0034/CZ |
Draft government decree amending Government Decree No 368/2003 Coll. on an integrated pollution register |
4.5.2005 |
|
2005/0035/SK |
Slovak Republic Ministry of the Interior Decree on the actual properties of fixed firefighting systems and semi-fixed firefighting systems and on the conditions for the operation of them and the provision of regular checks on them |
5.5.2005 |
|
2005/0036/NL |
Decree amending the Vehicle Rules in connection with a number of technical amendments |
6.5.2005 |
|
2005/0037/UK |
Measuring Equipment (Liquid Fuel and Lubricants) (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2005 |
5.5.2005 |
|
2005/0038/D |
Specimen Order on the construction and operation of meeting places (Specimen Order on meeting places [German designation: MVStättV]), version 2005 |
9.5.2005 |
|
2005/0039/F |
Draft Order amending the Order of 17 May 2001, amended by the Order of 26 April 2002, laying down the technical conditions to be met by energy distribution networks |
9.5.2005 |
|
2005/0040/S |
Amendment of the administrative provisions and general guidance of the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate on mechanical devices (SKIFS 2000:2) |
10.5.2005 |
The Commission draws attention to the judgement delivered on 30 April 1996 in the ‘CIA Security’ case (C-194/94 — ECR I, p. 2201), in which the Court of Justice ruled that Articles 8 and 9 of Directive 98/34/EC (formerly 83/189/EEC) are to be interpreted as meaning that individuals may rely on them before national courts which must decline to apply a national technical regulation which has not been notified in accordance with the Directive.
This judgement confirms the Commission's communication of 1 October 1986 (OJ C 245, 1.10.1986, p. 4).
Accordingly, breach of the obligation to notify renders the technical regulations concerned inapplicable, and consequently unenforceable against individuals.
For more information on the notification procedure, please write to:
|
European Commission |
|
DG Enterprise and Industry, Unit C3 |
|
B–1049 Brussels |
|
e-mail: Dir83-189-Central@cec.eu.int |
Also consult the website: http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/tris/
If you require any further information on these notifications, please contact the national departments listed below:
LIST OF NATIONAL DEPARTMENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF DIRECTIVE 98/34/EC
BELGIUM
|
BELNotif |
|
Qualité et Sécurité |
|
SPF Economie, PME, Classes moyennes et Energie |
|
NG III – 4ème étage |
|
boulevard du Roi Albert II / 16 |
|
B-1000 Bruxelles |
|
Ms Pascaline Descamps |
|
Tel.: (32) 2 206 46 89 |
|
Fax: (32) 2 206 57 46 |
|
E-mail: pascaline.descamps@mineco.fgov.be |
|
paolo.caruso@mineco.fgov.be |
|
General e-mail: belnotif@mineco.fgov.be |
|
Website: http://www.mineco.fgov.be |
CZECH REPUBLIC
|
Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing |
|
Gorazdova 24 |
|
P.O. BOX 49 |
|
CZ-128 01 Praha 2 |
|
Ms Helena Fofonková |
|
Tel.: (420) 224 907 125 |
|
Fax: (420) 224 907 122 |
|
E-mail: fofonkova@unmz.cz |
|
General e-mail: eu9834@unmz.cz |
|
Website: http://www.unmz.cz |
DENMARK
|
Erhvervs- og Boligstyrelsen |
|
Dahlerups Pakhus |
|
Langelinie Allé 17 |
|
DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø (or DK-2100 Copenhagen OE) |
|
Tel.: (45) 35 46 66 89 (direct) |
|
Fax: (45) 35 46 62 03 |
|
E-mail: Ms Birgitte Spühler Hansen - bsh@ebst.dk |
|
Mutual mailbox for notification messages - noti@ebst.dk |
|
Website: http://www.ebst.dk/Notifikationer |
GERMANY
|
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit |
|
Referat XA2 |
|
Scharnhorststr. 34 - 37 |
|
D-10115 Berlin |
|
Ms Christina Jäckel |
|
Tel.: (49) 30 2014 6353 |
|
Fax: (49) 30 2014 5379 |
|
E-mail: infonorm@bmwa.bund.de |
|
Website: http://www.bmwa.bund.de |
ESTONIA
|
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications |
|
Harju str. 11 |
|
EE-15072 Tallinn |
|
Mr Margus Alver |
|
Tel.: (372) 6 256 405 |
|
Fax: (372) 6 313 660 |
|
E-mail: margus.alver@mkm.ee |
|
General e-mail: el.teavitamine@mkm.ee |
GREECE
|
Ministry of Development |
|
General Secretariat of Industry |
|
Mesogeion 119 |
|
GR-101 92 ATHENS |
|
Tel.: (30) 210 696 98 63 |
|
Fax: (30) 210 696 91 06 |
|
ELOT |
|
Acharnon 313 |
|
GR-111 45 ATHENS |
|
Tel.: (30) 210 212 03 01 |
|
Fax: (30) 210 228 62 19 |
|
E-mail: 83189in@elot.gr |
|
Website: http://www.elot.gr |
SPAIN
|
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores |
|
Secretaría de Estado de Asuntos Europeos |
|
Direccion General de Coordinacion del Mercado Interior y otras Políticas Comunitarias |
|
Subdireccion General de Asuntos Industriales, Energéticos, de Transportes y Comunicaciones y de Medio Ambiente |
|
C/Padilla, 46, Planta 2a, Despacho: 6218 |
|
E-28006 MADRID |
|
Mr Angel Silván Torregrosa |
|
Tel.: (34) 91 379 83 32 |
|
Ms Esther Pérez Peláez |
|
Technical Advisor |
|
E-mail: esther.perez@ue.mae.es |
|
Tel.: (34) 91 379 84 64 |
|
Fax: (34) 91 379 84 01 |
|
E-mail: d83-189@ue.mae.es |
FRANCE
|
Délégation interministérielle aux normes |
|
Direction générale de l'Industrie, des Technologies de l'information et des Postes (DiGITIP) |
|
Service des politiques d'innovation et de compétitivité (SPIC) |
|
Sous-direction de la normalisation, de la qualité et de la propriété industrielle (SQUALPI) |
|
DiGITIP 5 |
|
12, rue Villiot |
|
F-75572 Paris Cedex 12 |
|
Ms Suzanne Piau |
|
Tel.: (33) 1 53 44 97 04 |
|
Fax: (33) 1 53 44 98 88 |
|
E-mail: suzanne.piau@industrie.gouv.fr |
|
Ms Françoise Ouvrard |
|
Tel.: (33) 1 53 44 97 05 |
|
Fax: (33) 1 53 44 98 88 |
|
E-mail: francoise.ouvrard@industrie.gouv.fr |
IRELAND
|
NSAI |
|
Glasnevin |
|
Dublin 9 |
|
Ireland |
|
Mr Tony Losty |
|
Tel.: (353) 1 807 38 80 |
|
Fax: (353) 1 807 38 38 |
|
E-mail: tony.losty@nsai.ie |
|
Website: http://www.nsai.ie |
ITALY
|
Ministero delle attività produttive |
|
Dipartimento per le imprese |
|
Direzione Generale per lo sviluppo produttivo e la competitività |
|
Ufficio F1 - Ispettorato tecnico dell'industria |
|
Via Molise 2 |
|
I-00187 Roma |
|
Mr Vincenzo Correggia |
|
Tel.: (39) 06 47 05 22 05 |
|
Fax: (39) 06 47 88 78 05 |
|
E-mail: vincenzo.correggia@minindustria.it |
|
Mr Enrico Castiglioni |
|
Tel.: (39) 06 47 05 26 69 |
|
Fax: (39) 06 47 88 77 48 |
|
E-mail: enrico.castiglioni@minindustria.it |
|
E-mail: ispettoratotecnico@minindustria.flexmail.it |
|
Website: http://www.minindustria.it |
CYPRUS
|
Cyprus Organization for the Promotion of Quality |
|
Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism |
|
13, A. Araouzou street |
|
CY-1421 Nicosia |
|
Tel.: (357) 22 409 313 or (357) 22 375 053 |
|
Fax: (357) 22 754 103 |
|
Mr Antonis Ioannou |
|
Tel.: (357) 22 409 409 |
|
Fax: (357) 22 754 103 |
|
E-mail: aioannou@cys.mcit.gov.cy |
|
Ms Thea Andreou |
|
Tel.: (357) 22 409 404 |
|
Fax: (357) 22 754 103 |
|
E-mail: tandreou@cys.mcit.gov.cy |
|
General e-mail: dir9834@cys.mcit.gov.cy |
|
Website: http://www.cys.mcit.gov.cy |
LATVIA
|
Division of the Commercial Normative, SOLVIT and Notification |
|
Internal Market Department of the |
|
Ministry of Economics of the Republic of Latvia |
|
55, Brvibas str. |
|
Riga |
|
LV-1519 |
|
Ms Agra Ločmele |
|
Senior Officer of the Division of the Commercial Normative, SOLVIT and Notification |
|
E-mail: agra.locmele@em.gov.lv |
|
Tel.: (371) 7031236 |
|
Fax: (371) 7280882 |
|
E-mail: notification@em.gov.lv |
LITHUANIA
|
Lithuanian Standards Board |
|
T. Kosciuskos g. 30 |
|
LT-01100 Vilnius |
|
Ms Daiva Lesickiene |
|
Tel.: (370) 5 2709347 |
|
Fax: (370) 5 2709367 |
|
E-mail: dir9834@lsd.lt |
|
Website: http://www.lsd.lt |
LUXEMBOURG
|
SEE - Service de l'Energie de l'Etat |
|
34, avenue de la Porte-Neuve |
|
B.P. 10 |
|
L-2010 Luxembourg |
|
Mr J.P. Hoffmann |
|
Tel.: (352) 46 97 46 1 |
|
Fax: (352) 22 25 24 |
|
E-mail: see.direction@eg.etat.lu |
|
Website: http://www.see.lu |
HUNGARY
|
Hungarian Notification Centre – |
|
Ministry of Economy and Transport |
|
Budapest |
|
Honvéd u. 13-15. |
|
H-1055 |
|
Mr Zsolt Fazekas |
|
E-mail: fazekaszs@gkm.hu |
|
Tel.: (36) 1 374 2873 |
|
Fax: (36) 1 473 1622 |
|
E-mail: notification@gkm.hu |
|
Website: http://www.gkm.hu/dokk/main/gkm |
MALTA
|
Malta Standards Authority |
|
Level 2 |
|
Evans Building |
|
Merchants Street |
|
VLT 03 |
|
MT-Valletta |
|
Tel.: (356) 2124 2420 |
|
Fax: (356) 2124 2406 |
|
Ms Lorna Cachia |
|
E-mail: lorna.cachia@msa.org.mt |
|
General e-mail: notification@msa.org.mt |
|
Website: http://www.msa.org.mt |
NETHERLANDS
|
Ministerie van Financiën |
|
Belastingsdienst/Douane Noord |
|
Team bijzondere klantbehandeling |
|
Centrale Dienst voor In-en uitvoer |
|
Engelse Kamp 2 |
|
Postbus 30003 |
|
9700 RD Groningen |
|
Nederland |
|
Mr Ebel van der Heide |
|
Tel.: (31) 50 5 23 21 34 |
|
Ms Hennie Boekema |
|
Tel.: (31) 50 5 23 21 35 |
|
Ms Tineke Elzer |
|
Tel.: (31) 50 5 23 21 33 |
|
Fax: (31) 50 5 23 21 59 |
|
General e-mail: Enquiry.Point@tiscali-business.nl |
|
Enquiry.Point2@tiscali-business.nl |
AUSTRIA
|
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit |
|
Abteilung C2/1 |
|
Stubenring 1 |
|
A-1010 Wien |
|
Ms Brigitte Wikgolm |
|
Tel.: (43) 1 711 00 58 96 |
|
Fax: (43) 1 715 96 51 or (43) 1 712 06 80 |
|
E-mail: not9834@bmwa.gv.at |
|
Website: http://www.bmwa.gv.at |
POLAND
|
Ministry of Economy and Labour |
|
Department for European and Multilateral Relations |
|
Plac Trzech Krzyży 3/5 |
|
PL-00-507 Warszawa |
|
Ms Barbara Nieciak |
|
Tel.: (48) 22 693 54 07 |
|
Fax: (48) 22 693 40 28 |
|
E-mail: barnie@mg.gov.pl |
|
Ms Agata Gągor |
|
Tel.: (48) 22 693 56 90 |
|
General e-mail: notyfikacja@mg.gov.pl |
PORTUGAL
|
Instituto Portugês da Qualidade |
|
Rua Antonio Gião, 2 |
|
P-2829-513 Caparica |
|
Ms Cândida Pires |
|
Tel.: (351) 21 294 82 36 or 81 00 |
|
Fax: (351) 21 294 82 23 |
|
E-mail: c.pires@mail.ipq.pt |
|
General e-mail: not9834@mail.ipq.pt |
|
Website: http://www.ipq.pt |
SLOVENIA
|
SIST – Slovenian Institute for Standardization |
|
Contact point for 98/34/EC and WTO-TBT Enquiry Point |
|
Šmartinska 140 |
|
SLO-1000 Ljubljana |
|
Tel.: (386) 1 478 3041 |
|
Fax: (386) 1 478 3098 |
|
E-mail: contact@sist.si |
|
Ms Vesna Stražišar |
SLOVAKIA
|
Ms Kvetoslava Steinlova |
|
Director of the Department of European Integration, |
|
Office of Standards, Metrology and Testing of the Slovak Republic |
|
Stefanovicova 3 |
|
SK-814 39 Bratislava |
|
Tel.: (421) 2 5249 3521 |
|
Fax: (421) 2 5249 1050 |
|
E-mail: steinlova@normoff.gov.sk |
FINLAND
|
Kauppa-ja teollisuusministeriö |
|
(Ministry of Trade and Industry) |
|
Visitor address: |
|
Aleksanterinkatu 4 |
|
FIN-00171 Helsinki |
|
and |
|
Katakatu 3 |
|
FIN-00120 Helsinki |
|
Postal address: |
|
PO Box 32 |
|
FIN-00023 Government |
|
Mr Henri Backman |
|
Tel.: (358) 9 1606 36 27 |
|
Fax: (358) 9 1606 46 22 |
|
E-mail: henri.backman@ktm.fi |
|
Ms Katri Amper |
|
General e-mail: maaraykset.tekniset@ktm.fi |
|
Website: http://www.ktm.fi |
SWEDEN
|
Kommerskollegium |
|
(National Board of Trade) |
|
Box 6803 |
|
Drottninggatan 89 |
|
S – 113 86 Stockholm |
|
Ms Kerstin Carlsson |
|
Tel.: (46) 86 90 48 82 or (46) 86 90 48 00 |
|
Fax: (46) 86 90 48 40 or (46) 83 06 759 |
|
E-mail: kerstin.carlsson@kommers.se |
|
General e-mail: 9834@kommers.se |
|
Website: http://www.kommers.se |
UNITED KINGDOM
|
Department of Trade and Industry |
|
Standards and Technical Regulations Directorate 2 |
|
151 Buckingham Palace Road |
|
London SW1 W 9SS |
|
United Kingdom |
|
Mr Philip Plumb |
|
Tel.: (44) 2072151488 |
|
Fax: (44) 2072151529 |
|
E-mail: philip.plumb@dti.gsi.gov.uk |
|
General e-mail: 9834@dti.gsi.gov.uk |
|
Website: http://www.dti.gov.uk/strd |
EFTA - ESA
|
EFTA Surveillance Authority |
|
Rue Belliard 35 |
|
B-1040 Bruxelles |
|
Ms Adinda Batsleer |
|
Tel.: (32) 2 286 18 61 |
|
Fax: (32) 2 286 18 00 |
|
E-mail: aba@eftasurv.int |
|
Ms Tuija Ristiluoma |
|
Tel.: (32) 2 286 18 71 |
|
Fax: (32) 2 286 18 00 |
|
E-mail: tri@eftasurv.int |
|
General e-mail: DRAFTTECHREGESA@eftasurv.int |
|
Website: http://www.eftasurv.int |
|
EFTA |
|
Goods Unit |
|
EFTA Secretariat |
|
Rue de Trêves 74 |
|
B-1040 Bruxelles |
|
Ms Kathleen Byrne |
|
Tel.: (32) 2 286 17 34 |
|
Fax: (32) 2 286 17 42 |
|
E-mail: kathleen.byrne@efta.int |
|
General e-mail: DRAFTTECHREGEFTA@efta.int |
|
Website: http://www.efta.int |
TURKEY
|
Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade |
|
General Directorate of Standardisation for Foreign Trade |
|
Inönü Bulvari no 36 |
|
06510 |
|
Emek - Ankara |
|
Mr Saadettin Doğan |
|
Tel.: (90) 312 212 58 99 |
|
(90) 312 204 81 02 |
|
Fax: (90) 312 212 87 68 |
|
E-mail: dtsabbil@dtm.gov.tr |
|
Website: http://www.dtm.gov.tr |
(1) Year — registration number — Member State of origin.
(2) Period during which the draft may not be adopted.
(3) No standstill period since the Commission accepts the grounds of urgent adoption invoked by the notifying Member State.
(4) No standstill period since the measure concerns technical specifications or other requirements or rules on services linked to fiscal or financial measures, pursuant to the third indent of the second paragraph of Article 1(11) of Directive 98/34/EC.
(5) Information procedure closed.
|
2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/23 |
STATE AID — ITALY
State aid No C 21/2004 (ex N 590/B/2001) — Article 99(2)(a) (as regards the agricultural sector) and Article 124(1) and (2) of Regional Law No 32/2000: ‘Provisions relating to the implementation of the MAGP 2000-06 and the restructuring of the aid schemes for enterprises’ (Sicily)
Invitation to submit comments pursuant to Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty
(2005/C 52/09)
By letter dated 8 September 2004, reproduced in the authentic language on the pages following this summary, the Commission notified Italy of its decision to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty concerning the aid schemes referred to above.
Interested parties may submit their comments on the aid schemes in respect of which the Commission is initiating the procedure within one month of the publication date of this summary and the letter below, to:
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The European Commission |
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Directorate-General for Agriculture |
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Directorate H2 |
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Office: Loi 130 5/120 |
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B-1049 Brussels |
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Fax (32-2) 296 76 72 |
These comments will be communicated to Italy. Parties submitting comments may request that their identity be regarded as confidential. Such requests must be made in writing and must state the reasons for the request.
SUMMARY
Article 99(2)(a) of Sicilian Regional Law No 32/2000 provides for aid for the constitution or stocking of funds intended to provide collateral to enable associated undertakings to obtain funding from credit societies or institutions, leasing societies, loan transfer societies and other agencies in the banking sector.
At this stage the Commission has doubts as to the compatibility of this measure with the common market because:
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— |
the very principle of providing collateral implies the existence of a loan. Considering the list of schemes for which collateral may be provided, sent by the Italian authorities, it would be difficult to fund some of the schemes referred to by means of loans, given the nature of the measures they provide for (for example, it is difficult to imagine that aid to cover insurance premiums in the agricultural sector would take the form of a loan); |
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— |
the possibility of providing collateral for certain measures provided for in Article 124 of the Law is questionable because, for the reasons set out below, at this stage the Commission has doubts as to the compatibility of these measures with the common market, and providing collateral for a measure whose eligibility is already questionable in turn renders the eligibility of the collateral itself questionable, |
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the Commission has no information on how the Italian authorities intend to verify that a potential combination of the aid element of the collateral and the aid provided for the schemes to which it applies does not involve a risk that the permitted rates of aid under these schemes could be exceeded. |
Article 124(1) and (2) of Sicilian Regional Law No 32/2000 provides for the grant of aid for producer groups recognised under Council Regulation (EEC) No 1035/72 of 18 May 1972 on the common organisation of the market in fruit and vegetables (1) which have not been able to obtain the full amount of aid to which they were entitled in the past due to the lack of funds at regional level. This measure is to be financed out of an overall budget of EUR 3 615 198.
At this stage the Commission has doubts as to the compatibility of this measure with the common market because:
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— |
it is clear that, for three of the four producer associations benefiting from the measure, the planned aid would be granted well after the period of seven years following recognition of the association, which means that those associations are no longer entitled to the aid (under Article 14 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 1035/72, as amended, the aid must be paid in five annual amounts in the seven years following recognition of the association); |
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Council Regulation (EEC) No 1035/72 was repealed by Council Regulation (EC) No 2200/96 of 28 October 1996 on the common organisation of the market in fruit and vegetables (2). As a result, granting aid to associations that are no longer entitled to it under a Regulation that no longer exists would interfere with the functioning of the mechanisms of the common organisation of the market in the fruit and vegetable sector introduced by Council Regulation (EC) No 2200/96. Point 3.2 of the Community guidelines for State aid in the agriculture sector (3) clearly states that under no circumstances can the Commission approve an aid which is incompatible with the provisions governing a common organisation of the market or which would interfere with the proper functioning of the common organisation; |
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aid granted under the circumstances described would be retroactive aid specifically forbidden by point 3.6 of the guidelines because it would lack the incentive element which all aid in the agricultural sector must have (except aid schemes which are compensatory in nature); |
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one of the arguments put forward by the Italian authorities, i.e. that the EAGGF did not guarantee financial coverage of the commitments entered into in Italy, leads the Commission to ask whether part-financing the setting up of the producer associations involves automatic reimbursement by the EAGGF of part of the aid approved under the common organisation of the markets. |
TEXT OF THE LETTER
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‘1. |
Con la presente, ho l'onore di informarLa che la Commissione, dopo aver esaminato le informazioni fornite dalle autorità italiane, ha deciso di avviare la procedura di cui all'articolo 88, paragrafo 2 del trattato CE con riguardo agli aiuti previsti dall'articolo 99, paragrafo 2, lettera a) della legge regionale in oggetto, per quanto riguarda il settore agricolo, nonché in merito agli aiuti previsti dall'articolo 124, paragrafi 1 e 2 della stessa legge, a favore di talune associazioni di produttori e di non sollevare obiezioni in merito agli aiuti previsti dagli altri articoli della stessa legge citati in oggetto, eccetto l'articolo 111 (ritirato – cfr. punto 9 in appresso) e l'articolo 123 (già esaminato nell'ambito di un altro fascicolo di aiuto – cfr. punto 5 in appresso). |
Procedimento
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2. |
Con lettera del 28 agosto 2001, protocollata il 29 agosto 2001, la Rappresentanza permanente d'Italia presso l'Unione europea ha notificato alla Commissione le misure di cui all'oggetto, a norma dell'articolo 88, paragrafo 3 del trattato. |
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3. |
Con lettere del 17 maggio 2002 e del 10 ottobre 2002, protocollate rispettivamente il 21 maggio 2002 e l'11 ottobre 2002, detta Rappresentanza ha trasmesso alla Commissione i complementi d'informazione chiesti alle autorità italiane con lettere in data 24 ottobre 2001 e 18 luglio 2002. |
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4. |
Nella lettera del 10 ottobre 2002, le autorità italiane hanno comunicato ulteriori informazioni concernenti unicamente l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 123 della legge regionale in oggetto, dato il carattere d'urgenza da questo presentato. |
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5. |
L'aiuto previsto dall'articolo 123 della legge regionale in questione è stato scorporato dagli altri aiuti di cui agli articoli suindicati ed è stato dichiarato compatibile con il mercato comune nel quadro del fascicolo relativo all'aiuto N 590/A/2001 (4). |
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6. |
Siccome la lettera delle autorità italiane in data 10 ottobre verteva unicamente sull'articolo 123 della legge regionale in oggetto, i servizi della Commissione hanno inviato, con lettera datata 11 febbraio 2003, un sollecito alle autorità in questione, pregandole di rispondere anche alle altre domande formulate nella lettera del 18 luglio 2002. |
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7. |
Con lettera del 5 marzo 2003, protocollata il 6 marzo 2003, la Rappresentanza permanente d'Italia presso l'Unione europea ha comunicato alla Commissione la risposta delle autorità italiane alle domande contenute nella lettera del 18 luglio 2002. |
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8. |
I servizi della Commissione, dopo aver esaminato questa risposta, hanno chiesto ulteriori informazioni alle autorità italiane con lettera in data 2 maggio 2003. |
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9. |
Con lettera del 13 agosto 2003, protocollata il 18 agosto 2003, la Rappresentanza permanente d'Italia presso l'Unione europea ha comunicato alla Commissione la risposta delle autorità italiane alla lettera del 2 maggio 2003. In questa risposta, le autorità italiane annunciavano il ritiro dell'articolo 111 dalla legge regionale in oggetto e chiedevano alla Commissione di adottare una decisione distinta per alcuni articoli della stessa. |
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10. |
Con lettera del 1o ottobre 2003, i servizi della Commissione hanno spiegato alle autorità italiane che avrebbero preso una decisione sull'insieme del fascicolo N 590/B/2001 e hanno chiesto ancora qualche precisazione su uno degli articoli della legge regionale. |
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11. |
Con lettera del 7 gennaio 2004, protocollata il 14 gennaio 2004, la Rappresentanza permanente d'Italia presso l'Unione europea ha comunicato alla Commissione la risposta delle autorità italiane alla lettera del 1o ottobre 2003. |
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12. |
Con lettera del 10 marzo 2004, i servizi della Commissione hanno ufficialmente chiesto alle autorità italiane talune precisazioni già richieste nel corso di contatti informali. |
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13. |
Con le lettere del 20 aprile 2004, protocollata il 21 aprile 2004, e del 24 maggio, protocollata il 25 maggio 2004, le autorità italiane hanno trasmesso alla Commissione le precisazioni di cui al punto 12. |
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14. |
La presente decisione verte su tutto l'articolato della legge regionale in oggetto, ad eccezione:
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15. |
Inoltre, per i motivi esposti ai paragrafi da 95 a 100, gli aiuti di cui all'articolo 124, paragrafi 1 e 2, a favore di un'associazione di produttori, nonché gli aiuti di cui all'articolo 124, paragrafo 3 non formano oggetto della presente decisione. |
Descrizione
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16. |
Gli articoli citati in oggetto istituiscono le seguenti misure di aiuto (tutte relative al periodo 2000-2006): |
Articolo 99
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17. |
Questo articolo prevede, a favore dei consorzi fidi di primo e secondo grado (in altri termini, i consorzi fidi e le loro associazioni) del settore agricolo: Paragrafo 2, lettera a) contributi per costituire o integrare i fondi rischi destinati all'attività di prestazione di garanzie ai fini della concessione di finanziamenti da parte di aziende e istituti di credito, di società di locazione finanziaria, di società di cessione di crediti di imprese e di enti parabancari, alle imprese associate; Paragrafo 2, lettera b) contributi per l'attività d'informazione, consulenza, assistenza alle imprese consorziate (reperimento e migliore utilizzo delle fonti finanziarie, prestazione di servizi volti al miglioramento della gestione delle imprese). |
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18. |
I contributi di cui al paragrafo 2, lettera a) sono concessi ai consorzi fidi che ne facciano richiesta e non sono cumulabili con altre provvidenze aventi finalità analoghe. Detti contributi non possono essere di importo superiore all'ammontare complessivamente sottoscritto dai soci e da enti sostenitori dei consorzi medesimi. |
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19. |
I contributi di cui al paragrafo 2, lettera b) sono parimenti concessi ai consorzi fidi che ne facciano richiesta; sono cumulabili con gli altri aiuti di cui al punto 14 degli Orientamenti comunitari per gli aiuti di Stato nel settore agricolo (5) e con altre agevolazioni per la prestazione di assistenza tecnica, nei limiti del 90 % delle spese ammissibili e per un importo non superiore a 100 000 euro per beneficiario per un periodo di tre anni, ovvero, per aziende assimilabili a piccole e medie imprese, nella misura del 50 % delle spese ammissibili, nel qual caso si applica l'importo massimo. |
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20. |
Entrambe le categorie di aiuti saranno finanziate mediante stanziamenti annuali di bilancio. Per l'insieme degli aiuti di cui all'articolo 99 è prevista una dotazione globale di 20 000 000 EUR per tutto il periodo considerato. |
Articolo 107
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21. |
Questo articolo prevede l'erogazione dei seguenti contributi alle imprese di produzione, lavorazione, trasformazione e commercializzazione di prodotti agricoli: |
Paragrafi 1 e 2
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22. |
Un contributo per:
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23. |
Il contributo è erogato fino al 75 % delle spese ammissibili a finanziamento e per un importo non superiore a 200 milioni di lire (103 291 EUR). Nel caso in cui le norme sui controlli di qualità siano obbligatorie, il contributo è concesso a totale copertura della spesa. Sono escluse le spese per impianti ed attrezzature. I beneficiari sono le aziende agricole e le imprese di trasformazione e commercializzazione dei prodotti agricoli. |
Paragrafo 3
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24. |
Un contributo per la costituzione di organismi di controllo delle denominazioni di origine protette. |
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25. |
Il contributo, non cumulabile, di durata quinquennale, è concesso a totale copertura delle spese sostenute per la costituzione del consorzio nel primo anno e in misura decrescente del 20 % annuo per gli anni successivi. Non possono essere concessi aiuti in relazione a spese sostenute dopo il quinto anno d'intervento, né dopo sette anni dalla costituzione dell'organismo. Le spese ammissibili comprendono l'affitto dei locali o, in caso di acquisto, l'equivalente del valore locativo a prezzi di mercato, l'acquisto di materiale per ufficio e di attrezzatura informatica, le spese di personale, i costi di esercizio e altri oneri amministrativi. |
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26. |
La dotazione globale destinata a queste due misure durante il periodo considerato ammonta ad un massimo di 70 miliardi di lire (36 151 983 EUR). |
Articolo 110
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27. |
Questo articolo prevede aiuti per i seguenti investimenti nel settore dell'elicicoltura:
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28. |
L'aiuto è concesso alle piccole e medie imprese nella misura del 50 % delle spese ammissibili e per investimenti fino a 500 000 euro per azienda singola e a 1 500 000 euro per azienda associata. L'aiuto non è cumulabile. Il bilancio previsto ammonta a 3 000 000 EUR. |
Articolo 112
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29. |
Questo articolo prevede la concessione di un aiuto per la costituzione o per l'ampliamento delle attività delle organizzazioni di produttori riconosciute ai sensi della normativa comunitaria che non abbiano beneficiato di analoghi finanziamenti nell'ambito di specifiche organizzazioni comuni di mercato. |
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30. |
L'importo dei contributi può raggiungere il 100 % dei costi sostenuti nel primo anno ed è ridotto del 20 % per ciascun anno di esercizio, in modo che sia limitato al 20 % nel quinto e ultimo anno. |
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31. |
Sono ammissibili le spese sostenute per ottenere la disponibilità della sede dell'organizzazione (affitto o acquisto, in quest'ultimo caso l'aiuto è limitato al valore locativo a prezzi di mercato), l'acquisto di attrezzature di ufficio, compresi i materiali e le attrezzature informatiche, i costi del personale, le spese necessarie per il funzionamento ordinario, nonché l'assistenza tecnica, economica, giuridica e commerciale. |
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32. |
In caso di estensione significativa delle attività (a nuovi prodotti o a nuovi settori di intervento), sono ammissibili ai contributi unicamente le spese di funzionamento amministrativo derivanti dai compiti aggiuntivi. |
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33. |
Il bilancio assegnato a questa misura durante il periodo considerato ammonta ad un massimo di 30 miliardi di lire (15 493 707 EUR). |
Articolo 120
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34. |
Questo articolo istituisce un incentivo finanziario per incoraggiare gli imprenditori agricoli a tenere la contabilità aziendale. Il contributo, per un importo complessivo di lire 5 000 000 (2 582 EUR) per azienda, sarà ripartito in cinque quote annuali di lire 1 000 000 (circa 516 EUR). Ogni quota sarà versata nell'anno successivo a quello della chiusura di ciascun esercizio contabile, previa verifica della corretta tenuta della contabilità. |
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35. |
Il contributo è cumulabile con gli altri aiuti di cui al punto 14 degli Orientamenti. |
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36. |
Il bilancio assegnato a questa misura durante il periodo considerato ammonta a 14 miliardi di lire (7 230 397 EUR). |
Articolo 122
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37. |
Quest'articolo prevede una dotazione massima di 30 miliardi di lire (15 493 707 EUR) per la concessione di aiuti finalizzati ad interventi di ricomposizione fondiaria. Possono beneficiare della misura gli imprenditori agricoli (in particolare i giovani agricoltori), i coltivatori diretti, gli affittuari e i salariati agricoli singoli o associati, dotati di adeguate competenze professionali e che si impegnino a tenere una contabilità semplificata almeno durante i dieci anni successivi al loro insediamento. |
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38. |
L'aiuto, non cumulabile, è pari al 30 % delle spese sostenute (40 % nelle zone svantaggiate) per l'acquisto di terreni destinati ad operazioni di ricomposizione fondiaria e copre interamente le spese legali, amministrative e tecniche connesse alle transazioni effettuate in relazione alla ricomposizione. |
Articolo 124
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39. |
Questo articolo prevede due tipi di aiuti: |
Paragrafi 1 e 2
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40. |
Contributi di avviamento in favore delle associazioni di produttori riconosciute ai sensi del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 del Consiglio, del 18 maggio 1972, relativo all'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore degli ortofrutticoli (6). |
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41. |
L'aiuto è concesso per una durata di cinque anni, a totale copertura delle spese sostenute per l'avviamento durante il primo anno, e in misura decrescente del 20 % annuo negli anni successivi, fino all'azzeramento al termine del quinto anno. Non possono essere concessi aiuti in relazione a spese sostenute dopo il quinto anno, né dopo sette anni dal riconoscimento. |
Paragrafo 3
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42. |
Aiuti per la costituzione e l'avviamento dei gruppi di produttori che hanno presentato un piano di riconoscimento ai sensi dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 del Consiglio, del 28 ottobre 1996, relativo all'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore degli ortofrutticoli (7). L'aiuto è concesso a copertura delle spese di costituzione e avviamento in conformità al disposto del regolamento (CE) n. 20/98 della Commissione, del 7 gennaio 1998, recante modalità di applicazione del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 del Consiglio per quanto riguarda gli aiuti ai gruppi di produttori prericonosciuti (8), ed è erogato entro i seguenti massimali:
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43. |
Si considerano come spese di avviamento l'affitto dei locali (o, in caso di acquisto, l'equivalente del valore locativo a prezzi di mercato), l'acquisto di materiale per ufficio e di attrezzatura informatica, le spese di personale e i normali costi di esercizio. |
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44. |
In entrambi i casi, non possono essere concessi aiuti in relazione a spese sostenute dopo il quinto anno, né dopo sette anni dal riconoscimento o dal prericonoscimento. |
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45. |
Nessuno dei due aiuti è cumulabile con altre provvidenze aventi finalità analoghe. Il bilancio assegnato a queste due misure per il periodo considerato è limitato ad un massimo di 7 miliardi di lire (3 615 198 EUR). |
Articolo 135
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46. |
Questo articolo prevede, ai paragrafi 3 e 4, aiuti per progetti di ricerca nel settore agricolo. Si applicano le aliquote seguenti (intensità lorda): Paragrafo 3
Paragrafo 4
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47. |
I progetti sono selezionati attraverso bandi pubblici. I risultati della ricerca devono essere resi accessibili agli operatori regionali, nazionali e comunitari interessati. Gli aiuti previsti non sono cumulabili con altri aiuti aventi le stesse finalità. Il bilancio assegnato a queste misure per il periodo considerato è limitato ad un massimo di 80 miliardi di lire (41 316 552 EUR). |
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48. |
In termini generali, l'articolo 200 della legge in oggetto dispone che gli stanziamenti annuali di bilancio potranno essere svincolati soltanto dopo che la Commissione avrà autorizzato i regimi di aiuto notificati. Il bilancio destinato a finanziare l'insieme degli aiuti summenzionati ammonta a complessivi 142 301 544 EUR. |
Valutazione
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49. |
Ai sensi dell'articolo 87, paragrafo 1 del trattato, sono incompatibili con il mercato comune, nella misura in cui incidano sugli scambi tra Stati membri, gli aiuti concessi dagli Stati, ovvero mediante risorse statali, sotto qualsiasi forma che, favorendo talune imprese o talune produzioni, falsino o minaccino di falsare la concorrenza. Le misure previste dalla decisione in oggetto corrispondono a questa definizione, in quanto fanno parte di un complesso di misure suscettibili di alterare gli scambi, data la vasta gamma di prodotti a cui si applicano (è interessato tutto il settore agricolo e, negli scambi comunitari di prodotti agricoli, l'Italia svolge un ruolo non trascurabile, poiché nel 2000 ha realizzato scambi di tali prodotti per un importo pari a 16,419 miliardi di euro per le importazioni e a 10,691 miliardi di euro per le esportazioni; nel corso dello stesso anno, gli scambi di prodotti agricoli nell'UE sono ammontati a 139,280 miliardi di euro, per le importazioni, e a 146,975 miliardi di euro per le esportazioni). |
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50. |
Tuttavia, nei casi previsti dall'articolo 87, paragrafi 2 e 3 del trattato, alcune misure possono, in via derogatoria, essere considerate compatibili con il mercato comune. |
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51. |
Nella fattispecie, tenendo conto della natura degli aiuti sopra descritti, l'unica deroga applicabile è quella prevista dall'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato, in base alla quale possono essere ritenuti compatibili con il mercato comune gli aiuti destinati ad agevolare lo sviluppo di talune attività o di talune regioni economiche, sempre che non alterino le condizioni degli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
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52. |
Per poter beneficiare di tale deroga, gli aiuti in questione devono essere conformi alle normative ad essi applicabili, ossia:
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53. |
A questo proposito la Commissione osserva quanto segue in merito ai vari articoli di legge in esame. |
Articolo 99
Paragrafo 2, lettera a)
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54. |
L'aiuto previsto da questo paragrafo deve essere esaminato sotto due aspetti: la dotazione e la prestazione di garanzie vera e propria. |
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55. |
Per quanto riguarda la dotazione, la Commissione rileva che, ai sensi del paragrafo 3 dell'articolo 99, i contributi regionali non possono oltrepassare il 50 % della dotazione globale dei consorzi, mentre il resto può essere fornito da enti pubblici o da operatori privati. Interrogate sull'entità complessiva della partecipazione pubblica all'operazione, le autorità italiane si sono impegnate affinché essa non superi in alcun caso il 70 %, sottolineando che una simile percentuale è già stata accettata in passato dalla Commissione (aiuto N 62/2001) (16). Esse hanno inoltre assicurato che i fondi pubblici versati in dotazione saranno impiegati unicamente per la prestazione di garanzie e in nessun caso per coprire le spese di funzionamento dei consorzi. |
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56. |
Avendo effettivamente accettato una partecipazione pubblica globale del 70 % nell'ambito del precitato regime, la Commissione non ha motivo di modificare la propria posizione e può quindi accettare la partecipazione proposta dalle autorità italiane. |
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57. |
Quanto alle garanzie vere e proprie, le autorità italiane hanno precisato che:
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58. |
Sulla base di tali informazioni e alla luce dei criteri della citata comunicazione che consentono di determinare se un regime di aiuti sotto forma di garanzie comporti o meno elementi di aiuto di Stato, la Commissione constata, alla luce del quarto trattino di cui sopra, che il regime proposto potrebbe contenere un elemento di aiuto, in quanto le indicazioni fornite dalle autorità italiane non permettono di verificare il rispetto di tutte le condizioni previste affinché un regime di garanzie non venga considerato come un aiuto di Stato ai sensi dell'articolo 87, paragrafo 1 del trattato. |
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59. |
Quanto alla compatibilità di tale elemento di aiuto con il mercato comune (punto 5 della comunicazione), la Commissione constata anzitutto che l'elemento di aiuto interessa soltanto il mutuatario, poiché i fondi pubblici versati in dotazione saranno impiegati unicamente per la prestazione di garanzie e non per coprire le spese di funzionamento dei consorzi (ossia dei mutuanti). In secondo luogo, essa prende atto che lo svincolo della garanzia sarà subordinato all'espletamento delle procedure legali previste nei confronti del debitore in caso d'insolvenza (eventualmente, dichiarazione di fallimento dell'impresa beneficiaria) e che la percentuale del prestito sulla quale potrà valere la garanzia corrisponde a quella prescritta dalla precitata comunicazione. Infine e soprattutto, essa osserva che le garanzie potranno essere applicate solo nel rispetto delle condizioni previste dai regimi di aiuti approvati dalla Commissione. |
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60. |
A questo riguardo, i regimi attualmente identificati dalle autorità italiane come possibili beneficiari delle garanzie previste dall'articolo 99 della legge in oggetto sono i seguenti: A livello regionale:
A livello nazionale
Misure cofinanziate (che sono state tutte approvate dalle decisioni della Commissione C(2000) 2348 dell'8 agosto 2000 e C(2003) 3982 del 21 ottobre 2003)
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61. |
Nella loro lettera del 20 aprile 2004, le autorità italiane hanno inoltre precisato che per il futuro esse si sarebbero preoccupate di comunicare alla Commissione tutti i regimi di aiuto nazionali e regionali ai quali potrebbero essere applicate le garanzie. |
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62. |
La Commissione desidera sottolineare anzitutto che il principio stesso dell'eventuale concessione di una garanzia comporta l'esistenza di un prestito. Ora, alla luce dell'elenco di cui al punto 60 supra, la Commissione constata che taluni dei regimi che potrebbero beneficiare di garanzie da parte dei Fondi di cui all'articolo 99, difficilmente potrebbero essere finanziati tramite prestiti, tenuto conto della natura delle misure previste nel loro ambito (per fare un esempio, è difficile pensare che gli aiuti diretti alla copertura di premi assicurativi nel settore agricolo possano rivestire la forma di un prestito). Al fine di eliminare qualsiasi ambiguità a questo livello, le autorità italiane dovrebbero indicare, per ogni regime o misura menzionati nell'elenco di cui al punto 60 supra, se gli aiuti previsti rivestano la forma di sovvenzioni a fondo perduto o di prestiti, agevolati o meno, nonché limitare l'applicazione delle garanzie alle misure il cui finanziamento viene assicurato da un prestito. |
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63. |
Un altro elemento di perplessità per la Commissione, in questa fase, è dato dalla possibilità di prestare delle garanzie connesse alle misure previste dall'articolo 124 della legge in oggetto. In effetti, oltre al fatto che le considerazioni sviluppate al punto 62 sono valide anche in questo caso (dato che difficilmente si può immaginare che degli aiuti all'avviamento siano concessi sotto forma di prestito), la Commissione dubita, in questa fase, della compatibilità con il mercato comune delle misure previste per diverse associazioni di produttori dall'articolo 124 precitato, per le ragioni menzionate ai punti da 103 a 108 infra e il fatto di concedere un aiuto supplementare ad una misura la cui ammissibilità è già soggetta a cauzione non può che far nascere a sua volta nuovi dubbi sull'ammissibilità della garanzia stessa. |
|
64. |
Infine, in questa fase, la Commissione non dispone di indicazioni sul modo in cui le autorità italiane verificheranno che il cumulo dell'aiuto potenziale delle garanzie e dell'aiuto previsto per le misure alle quali esse sono applicabili non comporti un superamento delle percentuali di aiuto ammissibili nell'ambito dei suddetti regimi. |
|
65. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, la Commissione si chiede se gli aiuti sotto forma di garanzie, verranno utilizzati in modo pertinente dalle autorità italiane e, in questa fase, non può non nutrire dei dubbi sulla compatibilità con il mercato comune delle modalità di concessione delle garanzie che potrebbero essere prestate dall'intemediario di Fondi alimentati da risorse pubbliche. |
Paragrafo 2, lettera b)
|
66. |
L'aiuto di cui al paragrafo 2, lettera b) è un aiuto finalizzato alla prestazione di assistenza tecnica ai sensi del punto 14 degli Orientamenti. Per quanto riguarda il rispetto di questa disposizione, la Commissione osserva che:
|
|
67. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 99, paragrafo 2, lettera b) della legge in oggetto può considerarsi conforme al punto 14 degli Orientamenti e può beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato in quanto aiuto destinato ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Articolo 107
Paragrafi 1 e 2
|
68. |
Dalla lettura di questo articolo, la Commissione evince che l'aiuto previsto può coprire non solo prestazioni di assistenza tecnica riconducibili al punto 13 (cfr. lettere a) e c) della descrizione) o al punto 14 (cfr. lettera b) della descrizione) degli Orientamenti, ma anche l'esecuzione di controlli di qualità ai sensi del punto 13 degli Orientamenti. |
|
69. |
Per quanto riguarda il rispetto di quest'ultima disposizione, la Commissione osserva che: Per le prestazioni di assistenza tecnica:
|
|
70. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, si può ritenere che le condizioni di cui ai punti 13 e 14 degli Orientamenti, applicabili nella fattispecie, siano rispettate. Per l'esecuzione di controlli:
|
|
71. |
Dato che queste modalità di concessione sono conformi alle disposizioni dei punti 13.4 e 13.5 degli Orientamenti, la Commissione può considerarle ammissibili. |
Paragrafo 3
|
72. |
In considerazione della destinazione dell'aiuto e della natura dei beneficiari, questa misura deve essere analizzata alla luce delle disposizioni della sezione 10 degli Orientamenti, concernenti gli aiuti alle associazioni di produttori (17). Per quanto riguarda il rispetto di queste disposizioni, la Commissione osserva che:
|
|
73. |
Dato che queste modalità di concessione sono conformi alle disposizioni della sezione 10 degli Orientamenti, la Commissione può considerarle ammissibili. |
|
74. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, la Commissione ritiene che gli aiuti di cui all'articolo 107, paragrafo 3 della legge in oggetto possono beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c), del trattato, in quanto aiuti destinati ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Articolo 110
|
75. |
Nei complementi d'informazione trasmessi, le autorità italiane hanno precisato che sono coperti dall'aiuto unicamente gli investimenti per l'impianto e l'ampliamento degli allevamenti di chiocciole della specie Helix aspersa, ad esclusione quindi delle chiocciole catturate in mare o nelle acque interne, oppure prodotte in impianti di acquacoltura. Esse hanno inoltre dichiarato che gli investimenti finalizzati alla ricerca idrica e alla realizzazione di impianti di irrigazione sono giustificati dal fatto che le chiocciole si nutrono degli ortaggi coltivati negli allevamenti stessi. |
|
76. |
Quanto alle modalità di concessione dell'aiuto, le autorità italiane hanno precisato che sarà applicato un tasso del 50 % nelle zone svantaggiate e del 40 % nelle altre zone (l'aiuto sarà concesso in via prioritaria nelle zone svantaggiate e secondariamente nelle altre zone). Riguardo al rispetto delle altre condizioni applicabili agli aiuti agli investimenti nelle aziende, di cui al punto 4.1 degli Orientamenti, esse hanno assicurato che si atterranno rigorosamente alle disposizioni relative alle misure 4.06 e 4.09 del programma operativo regionale della Regione siciliana, approvato dalla Commissione, e del relativo complemento di programmazione, stabiliti in conformità degli Orientamenti. |
|
77. |
Alla luce di tali informazioni, la Commissione constata che le chiocciole di cui trattasi non rientrano nella disciplina dell'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore della pesca e dell'acquacoltura, né di alcun'altra organizzazione comune dei mercati. |
|
78. |
Secondo il punto 3.8 degli Orientamenti comunitari per gli aiuti di Stato nel settore agricolo (18), quando un prodotto agricolo non è disciplinato da un'organizzazione comune dei mercati, gli aiuti di Stato concernenti specificamente quel prodotto rimangono soggetti alle disposizioni dell'articolo 4 del regolamento n. 26 relativo all'applicazione di alcune regole di concorrenza alla produzione e al commercio di prodotti agricoli (19). |
|
79. |
A norma dell'articolo 4 del regolamento precitato, a questi aiuti si applicano esclusivamente le disposizioni dell'articolo 88, paragrafo 1, e della prima frase del paragrafo 3 dello stesso articolo, il che implica che la Commissione non può opporsi all'erogazione degli aiuti in questione, ma può eventualmente formulare osservazioni in merito. |
|
80. |
In base alle informazioni fornite dalle autorità italiane, la Commissione constata che gli aiuti agli investimenti saranno concessi secondo i tassi prescritti al punto 4.1 degli Orientamenti e che le altre condizioni per la loro concessione saranno quelle che figurano in un documento di programmazione approvato dalla Commissione. |
|
81. |
Tuttavia, la Commissione rileva che la ricerca idrica propriamente detta potrebbe rientrare in una delle categorie di spese ammissibili agli aiuti agli investimenti soltanto se viene considerata come prestazione di esperti da ascriversi alle spese generali, le quali possono essere annoverate tra spese ammissibili solo fino ad un massimo del 12 % del costo degli investimenti materiali descritti al punto 4.1 degli Orientamenti. |
|
82. |
Inoltre, sarebbe opportuno prevedere non solo l'acquisto, ma anche l'ammodernamento dei locali, in modo che la misura sia realmente incentrata su un miglioramento della produzione, come disposto al punto 4.1.1.1 degli Orientamenti. |
|
83. |
La Commissione raccomanda pertanto alle autorità italiane di computare le spese per la ricerca idrica tra le spese ammissibili solo fino ad un massimo del 12 % del costo degli investimenti materiali per l'irrigazione delle colture praticate negli allevamenti di chiocciole e di combinare l'aiuto per l'acquisto di locali con l'ammodernamento dei medesimi. |
Articolo 112
|
84. |
In considerazione della sua natura, questo aiuto deve essere analizzato alla luce delle disposizioni della sezione 10 degli Orientamenti, concernenti gli aiuti alle associazioni di produttori. Per quanto riguarda il rispetto di queste disposizioni, la Commissione osserva che:
|
|
85. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, la Commissione ritiene che l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 112 della legge in oggetto risponda ai requisiti della sezione 10 degli Orientamenti e possa beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato in quanto aiuto destinato ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Articolo 120
|
86. |
Nei complementi d'informazione trasmessi, le autorità italiane hanno precisato che questo aiuto non costituisce un premio forfettario, bensì un contributo a favore delle aziende agricole che adottano un sistema di contabilità che richiede una formazione e prestazioni di consulenti. Da questo punto di vista, esso si configura come un aiuto alla prestazione di assistenza tecnica ai sensi della sezione 14 degli Orientamenti. Per quanto riguarda il rispetto di queste disposizioni, la Commissione osserva che:
|
|
87. |
Tenuto conto di quanto precede, la Commissione ritiene che l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 120 della legge in oggetto risponda ai requisiti della sezione 14 degli Orientamenti e possa beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato in quanto aiuto destinato ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Articolo 122
|
88. |
Gli aiuti finalizzati ad interventi di ricomposizione fondiaria sono disciplinati dalla sezione 12 degli Orientamenti. Per quanto riguarda il rispetto delle disposizioni di tale sezione, la Commissione osserva che, nel complemento d'informazione da esse trasmesso, le autorità italiane hanno dichiarato che, per l'attuazione del regime di cui all'articolo 122 della legge in oggetto, verranno applicate le stesse condizioni e gli stessi tassi di aiuto previsti per il regime nazionale di ricomposizione fondiaria approvato dalla Commissione nel quadro del fascicolo N 110/01 (20). |
|
89. |
Si ricorda che, nel quadro del succitato fascicolo, la Commissione aveva approvato gli aiuti alla ricomposizione fondiaria essenzialmente sulla base dei seguenti elementi:
|
|
90. |
Poiché tutte queste condizioni saranno applicate nella fattispecie, la Commissione non ha motivo di modificare la posizione da essa adottata nel quadro del fascicolo sopraccitato. |
|
91. |
Di conseguenza, gli aiuti previsti dall'articolo 122 della legge in oggetto possono beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c), del trattato in quanto aiuti destinati ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Articolo 124
Paragrafi 1 e 2
|
92. |
Nei complementi d'informazione trasmessi, le autorità italiane hanno dichiarato che questi aiuti sono destinati esclusivamente a saldare un arretrato di pagamenti di contributi alle associazioni di produttori riconosciute in forza del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72. Tali contributi avrebbero già dovuto essere pagati, ma non lo sono stati per mancanza di risorse finanziarie e perché il FEAOG non aveva garantito la copertura degli impegni finanziari assunti a livello italiano. La Commissione prende atto dell'impegno da parte italiana a rispettare tutte le condizioni prescritte dal regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72. Per quanto riguarda, più in particolare, il rispetto delle disposizioni dell'articolo 14 del regolamento suddetto, le autorità italiane si sono impegnate a raccogliere tutti i documenti necessari e ad effettuare controlli presso le sedi delle organizzazioni di produttori per verificare il volume della produzione commercializzata e le spese effettivamente sostenute per la costituzione e il funzionamento amministrativo delle organizzazioni stesse. Possono beneficiare dell'aiuto unicamente i soggetti che ne abbiano acquisito il diritto prima del 21 novembre 1996, data dell'entrata in vigore del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96, e che non siano decaduti da tale diritto. |
|
93. |
La Commissione constata che, ai sensi dell'articolo 53 del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96, i diritti acquisiti dalle organizzazioni di produttori prima dell'entrata in vigore del regolamento, in virtù dell'articolo 14 e del titolo II bis del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 del Consiglio, sono mantenuti sino ad estinzione degli stessi. |
|
94. |
Pertanto, nell'ipotesi che ricorrano tutte le condizioni dell'articolo 14, gli aiuti nazionali eventualmente erogati sulla base di questo articolo sarebbero ipso iure compatibili con l'OCM ortofrutticoli e non dovrebbero formare oggetto della presente decisione (un approccio analogo era stato seguito per gli aiuti previsti a livello nazionale a favore delle associazioni di produttori a norma dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 nel quadro del fascicolo di aiuto N 157/2000 (21)). |
|
95. |
Secondo l'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72, modificato, gli Stati membri possono concedere alle organizzazioni di produttori riconosciute, per i cinque anni successivi alla data del loro riconoscimento, aiuti intesi a incoraggiarne la costituzione e ad agevolarne il funzionamento amministrativo. L'importo massimo di tali aiuti è pari, a titolo del primo, del secondo, del terzo, del quarto e del quinto anno, rispettivamente al 5 %, al 5 %, al 4 %, al 3 % e al 2 % del valore della produzione commercializzata coperta dall'azione dell'organizzazione di produttori. L'importo dell'aiuto non può superare le spese reali di costituzione e di funzionamento amministrativo dell'organizzazione in questione. Esso è versato in rate annuali, per un periodo massimo di sette anni a decorrere dalla data del riconoscimento. |
|
96. |
Nel complemento d'informazione fornito, le autorità italiane si sono impegnate a modificare i paragrafi 1 e 2 dell'articolo 124 in modo tale che l'aiuto, limitato alle spese di costituzione e di funzionamento amministrativo dell'organizzazione interessata, sia calcolato sulla base delle percentuali del valore della produzione commercializzata indicate al precedente punto 95. |
|
97. |
La Commissione rileva che tali modifiche renderebbero le modalità di concessione dell'aiuto conformi ad alcuni dei requisiti dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72. Essa osserva peraltro che, sulla base delle informazioni fornite dalle autorità italiane, l'aiuto sarebbe erogato esclusivamente alle seguenti organizzazioni:
|
|
98. |
Da queste informazioni risulta chiaramente che, nel caso delle associazioni ASPROSUD, Sicilia Verde e APRO FRUS, sarebbe ampiamente superato il termine di sette anni dal riconoscimento per il versamento dell'aiuto, il che significa che non tutti i requisiti dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 sarebbero soddisfatti (in quanto uno di essi prescrive che l'aiuto sia versato in cinque rate annuali entro i sette anni successivi al riconoscimento), sicché l'aiuto deve essere analizzato alla luce degli articoli 87 e 88 del trattato. |
|
99. |
In virtù di tale analisi, la Commissione osserva che il regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 è stato abrogato dal regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96. Pertanto, la concessione di un aiuto a norma di un regolamento non più esistente ad associazioni i cui diritti sono estinti (il che rende inapplicabile l'articolo 53 del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 – cfr. punti 92 e 93) verrebbe ad interferire con il funzionamento dell'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore degli ortofrutticoli quale istituita dal regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96. D'altra parte, il punto 3.2 degli Orientamenti indica chiaramente che la Commissione non può approvare in alcun caso un aiuto incompatibile con le disposizioni che disciplinano un'organizzazione comune dei mercati o contrario al buon funzionamento dell'OCM stessa. |
|
100. |
A queste considerazioni si aggiunge il fatto che un aiuto concesso nelle circostanze sopra descritte sarebbe un aiuto retroattivo, espressamente vietato dal punto 3.6 degli Orientamenti in quanto privo dell'elemento d'incentivo che deve essere insito in tutti gli aiuti nel settore agricolo (eccetto quelli a carattere compensativo). |
|
101. |
Infine, l'argomento secondo cui il FEAOG non avrebbe garantito la copertura finanziaria degli impegni assunti a livello italiano è quanto meno singolare, dal momento che il cofinanziamento della costituzione di associazioni di produttori implica il rimborso automatico, da parte del FEAOG, di una parte dell'importo dell'aiuto approvato nel quadro dell'OCM. |
|
102. |
In simili circostanze, la Commissione non può fare a meno di dubitare, allo stato attuale, della compatibilità con il mercato comune degli aiuti previsti a favore di queste tre associazioni di produttori. |
|
103. |
Per quanto riguarda l'aiuto ad AGRISUD, poiché i diritti dell'associazione si sono estinti soltanto il 15 novembre 2001, cioè dopo la notifica della legge n. 32, la Commissione ritiene che le autorità italiane avrebbero potuto procedere direttamente al pagamento dell'aiuto fino al 15 novembre 2001 senza ricorrere alla suddetta legge, impiegando i fondi che esse hanno poi deciso d'imputare al bilancio di quest'ultima. Inoltre, se l'associazione avesse ottenuto un aiuto dalle autorità italiane, si sarebbe semplicemente trattato del seguito delle prime rate corrisposte in conformità dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 e quindi anche questo aiuto sarebbe stato conforme alle disposizioni del regolamento in parola. |
|
104. |
In tali circostanze, e in considerazione del fatto che le autorità italiane si sono impegnate a modificare i paragrafi 1 e 2 dell'articolo 124 in modo tale che l'aiuto, limitato alle spese di costituzione e di funzionamento amministrativo dell'organizzazione interessata, sia calcolato sulla base delle percentuali del valore della produzione commercializzata indicate al punto 95, come previsto all'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72, la Commissione, riferendosi all'approccio menzionato al punto 94, ritiene che siano soddisfatte le condizioni dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CEE) n. 1035/72 in ordine all'associazione interessata e che l'aiuto in parola, fondato su questo stesso articolo, sia ipso iure compatibile con l'OCM ortofrutticoli e non debba formare oggetto della presente decisione. |
Paragrafo 3
|
105. |
La Commissione rileva che l'aiuto previsto in questo paragrafo si fonda sull'articolo 14, paragrafo 2, lettera a) del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 del Consiglio, del 28 ottobre 1996, relativo all'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore degli ortofrutticoli (22), nonché sull'articolo 2 del regolamento (CE) n. 20/98 della Commissione, del 7 gennaio 1998, recante modalità di applicazione del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 del Consiglio per quanto riguarda gli aiuti ai gruppi di produttori prericonosciuti (23). |
|
106. |
A norma dell'articolo 14, paragrafo 2, lettera a) del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96, nei cinque anni successivi alla data del prericonoscimento, gli Stati membri possono accordare ai gruppi di produttori aiuti intesi ad incentivarne la costituzione e ad agevolarne il funzionamento amministrativo. |
|
107. |
A norma dell'articolo 2 del regolamento (CE) n. 20/98 della Commissione, l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 14, paragrafo 2, lettera a) del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96 è concesso per le spese di costituzione e di funzionamento amministrativo del gruppo di produttori sotto forma di aiuto forfettario limitato a:
ed è versato in rate annue, per un periodo massimo di sette anni a decorrere dalla data del prericonoscimento. |
|
108. |
Nella fattispecie, la Commissione constata che l'aiuto previsto soddisfa i requisiti dell'articolo 2 del regolamento (CE) n. 20/98 e, di conseguenza, anche i pertinenti requisiti del regolamento (CE) n. 2200/96. L'aiuto è dunque compatibile con le disposizioni dell'organizzazione comune dei mercati nel settore degli ortofrutticoli e, in quanto aiuto nazionale espressamente autorizzato da un regolamento che istituisce un'organizzazione comune dei mercati, non deve essere esaminato alla luce degli articoli 87 e 88 del trattato (cfr. punto 94). Pertanto, esso non forma oggetto della presente decisione. |
Articolo 135
|
109. |
In questo articolo, le autorità italiane fanno espresso riferimento alla Disciplina comunitaria degli aiuti di Stato per la ricerca e lo sviluppo (24) anziché alla comunicazione della Commissione del 1998 che la modifica (25). È quindi sulla base di questa Disciplina che sarà valutato l'articolo 135 della legge in oggetto. |
Paragrafo 3
|
110. |
A giudicare dalla descrizione, l'aiuto previsto in questo paragrafo si configura come un aiuto per attività di ricerca industriale. La Commissione constata che il tasso di aiuto e le maggiorazioni previste (50 % delle spese ammissibili, con possibilità di maggiorazione del 10 % per progetti di ricerca presentati da piccole e medie imprese e del 15 % per progetti di ricerca i cui obiettivi rientrano all'interno di progetti o programmi specifici realizzati nell'ambito del vigente programma quadro comunitario di ricerca e sviluppo) corrispondono a quanto previsto per questo tipo di attività ai punti 5.3, 5.10.1 e 5.10.3 della Disciplina succitata e che il cumulo di tali aiuti non darà luogo al superamento dell'intensità massima fissata al punto 5.10.6 (75 % per attività di ricerca industriale). Essa rileva altresì che le spese ammissibili sono limitate a quelle menzionate nell'allegato II della Disciplina e che i risultati della ricerca saranno accessibili a tutti gli interessati. |
|
111. |
Tenuto conto di tali elementi, la Commissione ritiene che l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 135, paragrafo 3 della legge in oggetto risponda ai requisiti della Disciplina comunitaria degli aiuti di Stato per la ricerca e lo sviluppo e possa beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato in quanto aiuto destinato ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Paragrafo 4
|
112. |
A giudicare dalla descrizione, l'aiuto previsto in questo paragrafo si configura come un aiuto per attività preconcorrenziali. La Commissione constata che il tasso di aiuto e le maggiorazioni previste (25 % delle spese ammissibili, con possibilità di maggiorazione del 10 % per progetti di ricerca presentati da piccole e medie imprese e del 15 % per progetti di ricerca i cui obiettivi rientrano all'interno di progetti o programmi specifici realizzati nell'ambito del vigente programma quadro comunitario di ricerca e sviluppo) corrispondono a quanto previsto per questo tipo di attività ai punti 5.3, 5.10.1 e 5.10.3 della Disciplina succitata e che il cumulo di tali aiuti non darà luogo al superamento dell'intensità massima fissata al punto 5.10.6 (50 % per attività di ricerca preconcorrenziali). Essa rileva altresì che le spese ammissibili sono limitate a quelle menzionate nell'allegato II della Disciplina e che i risultati della ricerca saranno accessibili a tutti gli interessati. |
|
113. |
Tenuto conto di tali elementi, la Commissione ritiene che l'aiuto di cui all'articolo 135, paragrafo 4 della legge in oggetto risponda ai requisiti della Disciplina comunitaria degli aiuti di Stato per la ricerca e lo sviluppo e possa beneficiare della deroga prevista all'articolo 87, paragrafo 3, lettera c) del trattato in quanto aiuto destinato ad agevolare lo sviluppo di alcune attività o regioni economiche senza alterare gli scambi in misura contraria al comune interesse. |
Decisione
|
114. |
Riassumendo, alla luce degli elementi suesposti, la Commissione ha deciso:
|
|
115. |
Nel quadro di detta procedura, la Commissione invita le autorità italiane a presentare le proprie osservazioni e a fornire tutte le informazioni utili ai fini della valutazione degli aiuti in questione, entro un mese dalla data di ricezione della presente, nonché a trasmettere senza indugio copia della presente lettera ai beneficiari potenziali degli aiuti. |
|
116. |
La Commissione desidera richiamare all'attenzione dell'Italia che l'articolo 88, paragrafo 3 del trattato CE ha effetto sospensivo e che, in forza dell'articolo 14 del regolamento (CE) n. 659/1999 del Consiglio, essa può imporre allo Stato membro interessato di recuperare ogni aiuto illegale dal beneficiario. |
|
117. |
Con la presente la Commissione comunica all'Italia che informerà gli interessati attraverso la pubblicazione della presente lettera e di una sintesi della stessa nella Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea. Tutti gli interessati anzidetti saranno invitati a presentare osservazioni entro un mese dalla data di detta pubblicazione. |
|
118. |
Si richiama inoltre l'attenzione delle autorità italiane sul fatto che la legge n. 32 dovrà essere modificata conformemente agli impegni assunti dalle autorità italiane nell'ambito dell'esame degli articoli citati in oggetto. Il nuovo testo di legge dovrà essere notificato alla Commissione affinché questa possa verificare se gli impegni in questione sono stati debitamente recepiti.’ |
(1) OJ L 118, 20.5.1972, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 297, 21.11.1996, p. 1.
(3) OJ C 232, 12.8.2000, p. 17.
(4) Lettera SG (2002) D/233133 del 18.12.2002.
(5) GU C 232 del 12.8.2000, pag. 17.
(6) GU L 118 del 20.5.1972, pag. 1.
(7) GU L 297 del 21.11.1996, pag. 1
(8) GU L 4 dell'8.1.1998, pag. 40.
(9) GU C 45 del 17.2.1996, pag. 5.
(10) Cfr. nota in calce n. 1.
(11) GU L 1 del 3.1.2004, pag. 1.
(12) Cfr. articolo 20, paragrafo 2, primo comma del regolamento.
(13) GU C 71 dell'11.3.2000, pag. 14.
(14) Cfr. nota 6.
(15) GU C 48 del 13.2.1998, pag. 2
(16) Lettera SG (2001) D/290914 dell'8.8.2001.
(17) Il punto 10.7 degli Orientamenti dispone infatti che la Commissione applicherà i principi enunciati nella sezione 10 agli aiuti concessi a copertura delle spese di avviamento delle associazioni di produttori incaricate di controllare l'utilizzazione delle denominazioni di origine o dei marchi di qualità.
(18) GU C 232 del 12.8.2000, pag. 17.
(19) GU 30 del 20.4.1962, pag. 993/62.
(20) Lettera SG (2001) D/288933 del 5.6.2001.
(21) Cfr. lettera SG(2001) D/288558 del 16.5.2001.
(22) GU L 297 del 21.11.1996, pag. 1.
(23) GU L 4 dell'8.1.1998, pag. 40.
(24) Cfr. nota 4.
(25) Cfr. nota 12.
European Central Bank
|
2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/37 |
OPINION OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK
of 17 February 2005
at the request of the Council of the European Union on a proposal for directives of the European Parliament and of the Council recasting Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions and Council Directive 93/6/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions
(CON/2005/4)
(2005/C 52/10)
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1. |
On 15 September 2004, the European Central Bank (ECB) received a request from the Council of the European Union for an opinion on a proposal for two directives of the European Parliament and of the Council (1): the first directive (hereinafter the ‘proposed banking directive’) recasting Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions (2) and the second directive (hereinafter the ‘proposed capital adequacy directive’) recasting Council Directive 93/6/EEC of 15 March 1993 on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions (3) (hereinafter together the ‘proposed directives’). |
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2. |
The ECB's competence to deliver an opinion is based on the first indent of Article 105(4) of the Treaty establishing the European Community, which provides that the ECB shall be consulted on any proposed Community act in its fields of competence. The proposed directives contain provisions which are essential for the soundness and stability of the financial system. In accordance with the first sentence of Article 17.5 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Central Bank, the Governing Council has adopted this opinion. |
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3. |
The proposed directives are essential components of the Financial Services Action Plan. Their objective is to modernise the existing capital adequacy framework for credit institutions and investment firms. They will ensure the coherent application throughout the EU of the revised framework for international convergence of capital measurement and capital standards for internationally active banks (4) (hereinafter ‘Basel II’) agreed in June 2004 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and endorsed by the central bank governors and heads of bank supervisory authorities in the Group of Ten countries. In particular, the proposed directives provide for a more comprehensive and risk-sensitive approach, fostering enhanced risk management by financial institutions, which will contribute to financial stability, inspire confidence in financial institutions and strengthen consumer protection. |
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4. |
In its previous contributions (5), the ECB has been very supportive of the work of the BCBS and the European Commission over recent years to establish a revised set of rules on capital adequacy for credit institutions and investment firms. The ECB welcomes the fact that the BCBS reached a final agreement on Basel II. It also welcomes the fact that the Commission shortly afterwards adopted proposals which will ensure a consistent and timely implementation of Basel II by internationally active banks and investment firms in the EU, and will also extend the Basel II approach to other EU financial institutions, taking into account their specific features. |
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5. |
The ECB is convinced that the proposed directives, once properly transposed by the Member States, will considerably strengthen the soundness and stability of the EU banking system through the application of more sophisticated, risk-sensitive capital standards. The ECB therefore stresses its generally positive view of the proposed directives. However, without prejudice to this general view, the ECB has a number of general and specific remarks with regard to the proposed directives and their future application (6). |
GENERAL REMARKS
Legal instruments for consistent implementation across the EU
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6. |
The ECB has on several occasions, in particular in ECB Opinion CON/2004/7 on the proposed committee structure directive (7) (which aimed to introduce into a number of existing Community directives the required amendments for the extension of the ‘Lamfalussy process’ for financial regulation from the securities sector to all other financial sectors), supported the recommendations of the Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group to limit Level 1 Community legal acts to framework principles and use regulations wherever possible at Level 2. As stated in paragraph 6 of ECB Opinion CON/2004/7, the ECB considers that implementation of the Inter-Institutional Monitoring Group's recommendations could gradually lead to Level 2 acts emerging as the main body of technical rules applicable to EU financial institutions. |
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7. |
In the same vein, in its comments on the third consultative document, the ECB suggested that in order to implement Basel II the technical annexes to the proposed directives should be adopted directly as Level 2 measures, and, where compatible with necessary flexibility in terms of national implementation, via Community regulations. |
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8. |
In the ECB's view, the implementation of Basel II offered a unique opportunity to revise EU capital requirements along these lines, which has not been seized. The ECB acknowledges that pursuant to Article 150(1) of the proposed banking directive, the Commission will have the power to adopt, in accordance with the ‘comitology’ procedure referred to in Article 151 of the proposed banking directive, ‘adjustment[s] of the provisions in Annexes V to XII in order to take account of developments on financial markets in particular new financial products, or in accounting standards or requirements set out in Community legislation’. |
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9. |
However, in line with the agreement to extend the Lamfalussy process from the securities sector to all other financial sectors (8), it would have been preferable to have limited the proposed directives to cover framework principles reflecting the basic political choices and substantive matters in the field of capital adequacy for credit institutions and investment firms and to have brought the technical provisions on capital adequacy together in one directly applicable Level 2 regulation. This approach would reinforce a convergent implementation of Basel II throughout the EU, facilitate compliance by financial groups operating across different EU countries and reduce costs, as well as promoting a level playing field and further financial integration. |
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10. |
If it is considered that the proposed directives cannot at this stage be amended in line with this approach, the ECB considers that the envisaged legal structure should not be viewed as the final desirable outcome, but rather as one step in a long-term process towards establishing, whenever possible, a directly applicable set of Level 2 technical rules for financial institutions within the EU. |
The reduction of national options and national discretion
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11. |
The reduction of national options is of the utmost importance, as this would simplify the regulatory framework, assist the convergence of supervisory practices and contribute to a level playing field. The ECB recognises the progress that has been achieved by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) towards reducing the number of options and waivers. It fully supports the endeavours of CEBS and strongly encourages further work in this field as, despite the progress achieved, a significant number of options remain which potentially hinder a level playing field. Articles 68 to 73 of the proposed banking directive contain options to waive capital requirements at various levels within groups. In the ECB's view, if these options are considered too important to dispense with in some jurisdictions, there should at least be convergence and transparency on the situations in which they are exercised, to ensure a level playing field in the EU. Given the need for a further reduction in national options, the ECB would support the introduction of a specific provision requiring the Commission to monitor the progress made in this direction and, within a reasonable period of time (e.g. three years), to report to the Community institutions on the use of residual national discretion, assessing how necessary it is and whether there is a need for further regulatory initiatives. |
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12. |
The general wording of several provisions of the proposed directives leaves a substantial margin for divergent interpretations by national authorities, thereby creating the risk of there not being a level playing field throughout the EU. A specific, but not unique, example of this issue is Article 84(2) of the proposed banking directive, which provides that the competent authorities may allow the use of the Internal Ratings Based Approach (hereinafter the ‘IRB Approach’) by a credit institution if its systems for the management and rating of credit risk exposures comply with a number of conditions (such as being ‘sound’, ‘implemented with integrity’ and providing for a ‘meaningful assessment’). This article refers to additional conditions laid down in Part 4 of Annex VII to the proposed banking directive, which leave a large degree of discretion to national implementation. While the ECB acknowledges that it is sometimes necessary to use wording which leaves a significant degree of discretion to national authorities (for instance in order not to hamper the development of risk management practices in credit institutions or to facilitate flexible transposition and application taking into account the different structures of national banking systems or national regulatory regimes), as best practices emerge in the market it would be beneficial to foster a consistent interpretation of such terms by the competent authorities. To this end, the Commission may decide to issue recommendations based on advice from CEBS. |
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13. |
The ECB also recommends the use of consistent terminology to express how the competent authorities can intervene prior to the use of certain risk weights and measurement techniques. A clear distinction could be made between cases where the competent authorities are expected to communicate a formal administrative decision upon application by the credit institution and those where the competent authorities can simply review the proposed technique without the need to take a formal decision. |
Role of the authority responsible for supervision on a consolidated basis
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14. |
The ECB considers that enhancing the role of the authority responsible for supervision on a consolidated basis (hereinafter the ‘supervisor on a consolidated basis’), as envisaged in Articles 129 to 132 of the proposed banking directive, is a step forward, which may, however, raise complex issues when the proposed directive is transposed and applied. The coordinating role provided for in Article 129(1), together with the provisions on information sharing laid down in Article 130(2) and Article 132, will streamline relations between supervisory authorities and between supervisory authorities and banks, thereby increasing efficiency by facilitating the decision-making process and reducing the overall cost of supervision. This constitutes an appropriate response to the increasing demand from banking groups with substantial cross-border activities (9) to reduce the costs they incur in meeting supervisory and regulatory requirements imposed on them by different national supervisors and regulators, which in some cases overlap or are not fully harmonised. |
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15. |
Furthermore, the ECB expects that the coordinating role played by the supervisor on a consolidated basis, together with the explicit requirement to exchange information, will contribute to the stability of the banking sector both at EU and Member State level. From the perspective of the supervisor on a consolidated basis, enhanced input from national supervisors regarding the local activities and risks of EU subsidiaries of a group should be combined to provide a thorough review and evaluation of the group as a whole, as required by Article 124 in conjunction with Articles 71 to 73 of the proposed banking directive. From the perspective of national supervisors, the information gathered by the supervisor on a consolidated basis could make it easier to assess potential financial problems occurring in other entities of a group, which may affect local subsidiaries. Moreover, the additional information available to national supervisors should also facilitate the exercise of central banking functions in the area of financial stability, payment systems and monetary policy. |
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16. |
Article 129(2) of the proposed banking directive (in conjunction with Article 37(2) of the proposed capital adequacy directive) offers an opportunity to foster financial integration. It lays down a legal basis for group-wide use of the IRB Approach, Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMAs) and the Internal Models Approach for market risks, which is complemented by a procedure streamlining the group-wide approval process. This should enable alignment of group-wide management practices in relation to compliance with regulatory capital requirements, which should improve integration of group structures and, as a consequence, of the banking sector as a whole. |
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17. |
Notwithstanding the potential benefits of Article 129(2), complex issues may arise when it is applied and these need to be anticipated and resolved in order to maximise its effect. For instance, problems could arise if there are disagreements between the home and host supervisors of subsidiaries of a group that are considered significant (10) over the interpretation of the proposed banking directive's requirements. Even though the third subparagraph of Article 129(2) requires the supervisor on a consolidated basis to make a determination in the absence of an agreement between supervisory authorities within six months, disagreements between home and host supervisors need to be addressed so as not to undermine the powers of the competent national supervisory authorities, which have to rely on the outcome of the group-wide approach at local level and guarantee a level playing field (11). |
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18. |
The potential benefits of Article 129(2) also depend on how the powers of competent national supervisors to impose supervisory measures on local subsidiaries under the second pillar of Basel II (the supervisory review process) interact with group-wide approval decisions. Credit institutions filing applications under Article 129(2) need legal certainty. In this respect, applicable procedures and review by the courts of group-wide decisions as well as the ongoing supervision of use of the group-wide IRB Approach and AMAs deserve attention. The respective powers of supervisory authorities to rectify shortcomings in a group's approach, which arise after approval has been granted, and to withdraw an approval, should therefore be addressed in the proposed banking directive. |
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19. |
Given the importance of the above issues for an effective application of Article 129(2) of the proposed banking directive, the ECB strongly supports the work to be carried out by CEBS on the application of Article 129 as a whole and is confident that consistent application will result. However, it recommends inserting a provision into the proposed banking directive which requires an assessment and, if necessary, a revision of Article 129 three years after transposition of the directive in order to take into account how Article 129 is being applied in practice and whether it is achieving its ends. |
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20. |
The ECB would also support work of CEBS with respect to Article 131 of the proposed banking directive, which requires the supervisor on a consolidated basis and the other competent supervisory authorities to have ‘written coordination and cooperation arrangements in place’. The ECB therefore supports work by CEBS to develop a model arrangement for coordination and cooperation to be used by all supervisory authorities concerned. |
Timing and transitional provisions
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21. |
The ECB welcomes the provisions on the timing of the introduction of the new capital requirements in Chapter 1 of Title VII of the proposed banking directive. These provisions mirror the timing provided for in Basel II and should ensure that European credit institutions are not put at a disadvantage vis-à-vis their competitors from third countries. Furthermore, a postponed application would, to a certain extent, undermine the preparations which EU credit institutions have made to keep to the initial timeframe. For these reasons the ECB encourages the Community institutions to maintain the schedule proposed by the Commission. |
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22. |
Moreover, the ECB considers that attention should be given to the far-reaching nature of the reform and the residual uncertainty about its influence on the level of capital in the EU financial system as a whole (even if this uncertainty has been reduced as far as possible by quantitative impact studies). For this reason, the ECB fully supports the introduction of the transitional requirements in Article 152 of the proposed banking directive, which limit the impact on credit institutions' minimum capital requirements over the first three years after transposition of the directive. |
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23. |
Notwithstanding the need to base estimations of risk factors on data histories that are long enough to cover fluctuating economic conditions, the transitional provisions should support credit institutions in their transition to the more sophisticated IRB Approach by temporarily relaxing certain requirements, which are gradually tightened as an institution's ability to collect data improves. This refers to the obligation to have a minimum of five years' data on historical observations of the probability of default (paragraph 66 of Part 4 of Annex VII to the proposed banking directive). In that respect, Article 154(5) of the proposed directive will permit Member States to apply a reduced two-year data requirement to credit institutions which have decided to implement the IRB Approach before 31 December 2007. However, institutions adopting the IRB Approach after 31 December 2007 must have three years' data by the end of 2008, four years' data by the end of 2009 and five years' data by the end of 2010. In practice, it will be impossible for them to have three years' data by the end of 2008 unless they have already gathered two years' data by the end of 2007. The ECB consequently considers it desirable to modify this provision in a way which would realistically allow use of the IRB Approach to be recognised during the transition period as well. In this regard, the ECB welcomes the changes to Article 154(5) and (6) set out in the Council's general approach, which represent a pragmatic solution. |
Monitoring the structural and possible pro-cyclical impacts of the new framework
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24. |
The overall structural impact of the proposed directives has been an issue of concern stemming, inter alia, from the challenging task of combining capital neutrality and increasingly sophisticated approaches. The ECB fully supports the overall calibration of the regulatory capital requirements set out in the proposed directives and notes that the results of a quantitative impact study (QIS3) (12) covering Member States gave an overall positive assessment regarding the effect on smaller EU credit institutions, EU investment firms and lending to small and medium-sized enterprises (which, it seems, will not be disadvantaged by the proposed directives), as well as the preservation of a level playing field within the EU vis-à-vis competitors from third countries. The ECB also notes the overall positive assessment provided by a report prepared under the auspices of the European Commission on the financial and macroeconomic consequences of the revised capital requirements (13). However, an ex-ante assessment of the quantitative impact of the proposed directives cannot cover their dynamic effects, given that the behaviour of financial institutions may change due to the incentives provided by different risk weights under the revised as compared to the current capital requirements. Therefore, the ECB would support regular ex-post monitoring, which should also cover the structural implications and the allocation of risks. |
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25. |
In addition to monitoring of the general impact of the proposed directives, certain specific features may also require future monitoring. By way of example, the ECB observes that the preferential treatment available for commercial real estate lending under the Standardised Approach and Foundation IRB Approach (14) offers enhanced flexibility compared to Basel II. The ECB would emphasise that the interaction between the availability of commercial real estate lending and property prices should, apart from prudent valuation of collateral by banks, also be subject to close monitoring from a macro-prudential perspective. The ECB intends to contribute to this monitoring process. |
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26. |
With regard to the potential pro-cyclical impact of the proposed directives (i.e. the possibility that capital requirements could tighten during a recession and relax during an economic upturn, thus exacerbating cyclical swings), the ECB acknowledges the importance of tackling this issue and the significant progress made in reducing these concerns by means of adjusting the proposed directives to limit pro-cyclical effects. Indeed, EU supervisory authorities have a common interest in considering appropriate ways to reduce the risk of heightened pro-cyclicality, since macroeconomic conditions are gradually becoming more closely interwoven, particularly in the euro area. A common approach to addressing pro-cyclicality would also support a level playing field and transparency in the single market. However, the ECB still considers monitoring by the Commission and the competent national authorities to be necessary. |
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27. |
Therefore, the ECB supports the proposal that the Commission should periodically monitor whether the proposed banking directive has significant effects on the economic cycle, as set out in Article 156 thereof. Furthermore, the ECB observes that it is the Commission's prerogative to adopt proposals for any amendment to the recast Consolidated Banking Directive, and that this also applies to the possible legislative ‘remedial measures’ mentioned in Article 156. However, from a macro-prudential perspective it is crucial that possible legislative ‘remedial measures’ are of a symmetric nature and that capital standards are only changed when the adjustment is prudentially sustainable through the entire cycle. The ECB suggests explaining this need in recital 59 to the proposed banking directive. |
SPECIFIC REMARKS
Definition of central banks
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28. |
The ECB sees a need to clarify its status regarding the exemption of central banks from the proposed banking directive. The first indent of Article 2 exempts ‘central banks of Member States’ from the scope of the proposed banking directive, while Article 4(23) defines the term ‘central banks’ (as opposed to ‘central banks of Member States’) to include the ECB unless otherwise indicated. The ECB proposes amending Article 2 to indicate expressly that the exemption also applies to the ECB. |
Solo consolidation
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29. |
Article 70 of the proposed banking directive gives the competent authorities the possibility to allow, on a case-by-case basis and subject to certain conditions, parent credit institutions in a particular Member State to incorporate subsidiaries located in the EU into the calculations required by Article 68(1) of the proposed banking directive. This process is referred to as ‘solo consolidation’. |
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30. |
The ECB recommends reconsidering the conditions under which solo consolidation (15) may be applied. One of these conditions is in Article 69(1)(a) of the proposed banking directive, which requires that there are no impediments to the transfer of own funds from the parent undertaking to the subsidiary. In the ECB's view this is not an appropriate condition to impose on the parent undertaking in the context of solo consolidation requirements. In this regard, the ECB strongly welcomes the fact that the changes to Article 70 of the proposed banking directive set out in the Council's general approach will impose requirements with respect to the availability of own funds from the subsidiary to the parent undertaking and remove the requirement that there must be no impediments to the transfer of own funds from the parent undertaking to the subsidiary. The ECB notes that solo consolidation would extend to subsidiaries located in Member States other than that of the parent undertaking. In practice this implies that a subsidiary's financial position will be treated for capital adequacy purposes as if it were part of the parent undertaking's own financial position. The parent undertaking's supervisor must therefore have full access to information regarding the quality of the assets, liabilities and capital of the subsidiary. The ECB suggests adding a further criterion to ensure that the parent undertaking's supervisory authority can effectively verify such information regarding the financial position of subsidiaries located in another Member State. As a matter of principle, the ECB also strongly supports transparency on the use of Article 70 of the directive and welcomes the provisions to this end set out in the Council's general approach. |
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31. |
The ECB notes that Article 70 of the proposed banking directive does not question the application of individual capital requirements to EU subsidiaries incorporated into the parent credit institution's individual capital requirements. It would be beneficial to clarify that Article 70 is without prejudice to the requirements imposed by Article 68 on the subsidiaries concerned. |
Capital requirements for intra-group interbank lending
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32. |
Article 80(7) of the proposed banking directive allows the competent authorities, under certain conditions, to exempt lending by a credit institution to its parent undertaking, to its subsidiary or to other subsidiaries of the same parent undertaking from capital requirements for credit risk (16). The ECB emphasises that all exposures to credit risk should be subject to adequate capital requirements. The conditions under which the exemption pursuant to Article 80(7) applies do not eliminate credit risk in the lending transactions concerned given that, for example, one credit institution may fail to meet its obligations vis-à-vis another credit institution controlled by the same parent undertaking. In addition, the ECB notes that Article 80(7) will primarily apply to interbank lending where capital requirements are essential to limit systemic risks. The ECB further notes that such an exemption is not available under Basel II (17) and could, in certain banking systems, affect the level playing field at national level. Consequently, the ECB recommends that this form of lending remains subject to capital requirements. |
External Credit Assessment Institutions
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33. |
As regards the recognition of External Credit Assessment Institutions (ECAIs), the ECB would like to raise three issues. |
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34. |
First, the ECB sees scope for further specification of the requirement of ‘independence’ in Section 1.2 of Part 2 of Annex VI to the proposed banking directive. In the assessment process, competent authorities should take into account factors such as the ownership and organisation structure of the ECAI, its financial resources, staffing and expertise, as well as its corporate governance. In the ECB's view, the competent authorities should also verify that ECAIs have effective internal procedures in place to identify, avoid and manage potential conflicts of interest, thus ensuring that confidential information is not inadvertently disseminated, disclosed or misused. These issues are widely recognised as key policy concerns and are acknowledged in the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) Statement of Principles Regarding the Activities of Credit Rating Agencies of 25 September 2003 (18). |
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35. |
Second, the ECB would like to highlight the need for a prudent and fair approach to supervisors' assessment of the credibility and market acceptance of ECAIs. In particular, it is important that the competent authorities, when assessing potential ECAIs, do not create any barriers to entry for new market players by imposing an unreasonable burden to meet the criteria set out in Section 2.1 of Part 2 of Annex VI to the proposed banking directive (market share, revenues and financial resources, impact on pricing). Instead, competent authorities are invited to properly focus their evaluation on the robustness and soundness of the assessment methodology. The relevant provisions should therefore be developed further so as to allow for a sufficiently differentiated assessment process. In this context, the ECB would support rewording this section in accordance with Basel II, to ensure that credibility derives both from market acceptance and sound methodology. |
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36. |
Third, the ECB stresses the need for adequate supervisory convergence and cooperation regarding the recognition of ECAIs. A high degree of consistency between Member States' practices will be indispensable to ensure the comparability of external ratings assessments and a level playing field for credit institutions making use of these assessments under the Standardised Approach to credit risk, and will also help reduce the risk of regulatory arbitrage. Moreover, supervisory cooperation will be crucial in reducing the costs of regulation for those ECAIs which seek recognition in more than one Member State. At present, Articles 81(3), 82(2) and 97(3) of the proposed banking directive only include a discretionary option for mutual recognition. In line with consistent case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities with regard to the free provision of services, the ECB considers that mutual recognition should be the general principle for ECAIs within the EU. This would not preclude a supervisor deciding to impose additional eligibility requirements in order to take account of the specificities of the national market, as long as such requirements did not duplicate equivalent conditions already satisfied in the Member State of origin. The ECB welcomes CESR's consultation paper on potential regulatory approaches for credit rating agencies (19). It also strongly supports the work currently undertaken by CEBS to harmonise the criteria for recognition of ECAIs. The ECB considers that the Mapping Process (set out in Annex 2 to Basel II) under which, inter alia, national authorities map credit risk assessments into the available risk weights is very important, and CEBS should therefore encourage convergence in this field. |
Permanent partial use for certain exposures
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37. |
The ECB notes that, in contrast to Basel II, the proposed banking directive allows permanent partial use of the IRB Approach for material exposures and in significant business units, under the various circumstances listed in Article 89(1)(a), (b) and (d) to (g) of the proposed banking directive. The ECB notes that the intention behind restricting permanent partial use is to avoid banks permanently treating high-risk exposures under the Standardised Approach while using their own estimates of risk parameters for lower-risk portfolios, thereby selecting the most advantageous approach in each case. |
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38. |
The ECB supports making permanent partial use available to small credit institutions for their exposures to central governments, credit institutions and investment firms because in such cases the application of own estimates would be overly burdensome, thus potentially barring small credit institutions from adopting the IRB Approach. The position of small credit institutions is correctly addressed in a new recital 35A, which is proposed in the Council's general approach. The ECB recommends that the Commission should review whether the application of Article 89 of the proposed banking directive has been effective in achieving its purpose three years after transposition of the directive. |
Consistent treatment of commitments in IRB and Standardised Approaches
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39. |
An inconsistency has emerged between the capital treatment of commitments under the Standardised and Foundation IRB Approaches. The ECB understands that the divergence is unintentional. If not addressed, however, it could have the effect of creating, under the Foundation IRB Approach, a capital charge for certain guarantees which reduce risks and protect the stability of the financial system by ensuring the completion of settlement in certain payment systems. The ECB therefore recommends that the wording in paragraph 1.11(a) of Part 3 of Annex VII to the proposed banking directive should be rephrased to match the equivalent clause applying to the Standardised Approach, i.e. to state that for credit lines, which are uncommitted, that are unconditionally cancellable at any time by the institution without prior notice, or that effectively provide for automatic cancellation due to deterioration in a borrower's creditworthiness, a conversion factor of 0 % shall apply. |
Supervisory review process
|
40. |
The ECB emphasises the importance of the second pillar being treated as of equal importance to the other Basel II pillars, namely minimum capital requirements and market discipline. The ECB considers that the very general wording of Articles 123 and 124 of the proposed banking directive, which reflects the second pillar, may wrongly imply that the three pillars are not of equal importance. |
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41. |
From the ECB's perspective, as there is no definition in the proposed banking directive of the concept of ‘internal capital’ (which is used in Article 123 of the directive), supervisors' and credit institutions' understanding of what internal capital means will need to converge as industry practice evolves. The ECB considers it desirable to develop guidance encompassing what credit institutions should do to fulfil the requirements of Article 123. The ECB is aware that such guidance can only be developed over time in line with evolving industry practices and the experiences of national supervisors and does not insist on a more detailed definition of internal capital at this stage. |
|
42. |
With respect to capital buffers, attention should be drawn to the BCBS statement of July 2002 which explicitly recognises the importance of capital buffers in relation to potential concerns about pro-cyclicality (20). The proposed banking directive currently does not refer to this issue, and the ECB suggests referring to it in a recital to the proposed banking directive, indicating that supervisors should expect banks to operate with capital buffers so that they can comply with minimum capital levels, even under conditions of stress. |
|
43. |
Finally, the ECB notes that a number of Member States currently fix, under specific circumstances, the minimum capital ratio above the 8 % threshold stipulated in Article 75 of the proposed banking directive. An automatic application of higher capital requirements to certain categories of institutions is undesirable as divergent minimum capital ratios endanger the level playing field within the EU and provide incentives to restructure groups with a view to regulatory arbitrage between capital regimes. |
Cooperation in an emergency situation
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44. |
The ECB welcomes Article 130(1) of the proposed banking directive, which is particularly important as it establishes the obligation for the supervisor on a consolidated basis to notify the authorities mentioned in Article 49(a) and Article 50 of the proposed directive when an emergency situation arises which could potentially jeopardise the stability of the financial system. |
|
45. |
The ECB understands that Article 130(1) applies to both the national and EU dimension of the financial system. Therefore the ECB understands that information has to be transmitted to the authorities mentioned in Article 49(a) at either national or cross-border level. This is important as the progress made in the integration of financial markets and market infrastructures in the EU, while increasing the liquidity and efficiency of those markets, may also increase the likelihood of systemic disturbances affecting more than one Member State and possibly increase the risk of cross-border contagion in the EU banking sector. In this context, the ECB welcomes the fact that Article 130(1) follows a recommendation of the Economic and Financial Committee's report on financial crisis management (21) by imposing an obligation to inform these authorities in a timely manner in a crisis situation. In order to clarify the scope of Article 130(1), the ECB would recommend stating that the obligation to alert the authorities mentioned in Article 49(a) applies to authorities within the EU. |
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46. |
The ECB also understands that the reference in Article 130(1) to the authorities mentioned in Article 50 (22) is intended to ensure that members of the governments of Member States responsible for financial services are alerted of the existence of an emergency situation as soon as possible. The ECB suggests making this more explicit by replacing the reference to the authorities mentioned in Article 50 with an express reference to the ‘competent government members’, thereby ensuring that there is no impediment to the transmission of the confidential information needed to manage the emergency situation, subject to the conditions laid down in national and Community legislation (i.e. when their policy functions are affected by the emergency situation). |
|
47. |
The ECB also strongly supports the wording of Article 130(1) of the proposed banking directive, as it leaves the authorities involved at both national and EU level appropriate scope to define flexible arrangements, which are necessary in the context of crisis management. In this regard, the ECB would like to draw attention to the existing arrangements between central banks and supervisors, which specify the principles and procedures for communication and cooperation in situations of financial crisis management. In particular, the Memorandum of Understanding on high-level principles of cooperation between the banking supervisors and central banks of the European Union in crisis management situations (hereinafter the ‘MoU’) sets out principles and procedures dealing specifically with the identification of the authorities responsible for crisis management, the required flows of information between all the involved authorities and the practical conditions for sharing information at a cross-border level. The MoU also provides for the establishment of logistical infrastructure to support enhanced cross-border cooperation between authorities (23). |
|
48. |
Moreover, the ECB notes that certain initiatives have already been launched to further develop the crisis management arrangements under Article 130 of the proposed banking directive. In particular, the Banking Supervision Committee of the European System of Central Banks and CEBS have established a Joint Task Force on Crisis Management which will assist the development of further practical arrangements for handling crises. In this context, the ECB encourages further work to develop efficient cooperation arrangements. The ECB considers that smooth interaction between supervisory and central banking functions will facilitate an early assessment of the systemic impact of a crisis and contribute to effective crisis management at both national and EU level. |
Consistency with Basel II in the context of operational risk
|
49. |
The ECB notes that the provisions of the proposed banking directive covering operational risk diverge from Basel II to a degree that might undermine the level playing field. The ECB therefore recommends revising the following elements of the proposed directive. |
|
50. |
First, the relevant indicator in Parts 1 and 2 of Annex X to the proposed banking directive, calculated on the basis of the ‘last six twelve-monthly observations at the middle and at the end of the financial year’ and the acceptance of estimated figures when audited figures are unavailable, is inconsistent with Basel II, which stipulates that yearly observations are to be used. The ECB welcomes the fact that the changes to paragraph 3 of Part 1 and paragraph 5 of Part 2 of Annex X to the directive set out in the Council's general approach would align the directive with Basel II in relation to this issue. |
|
51. |
Second, the proposed calculation of capital requirements under the Standardised Approach places EU credit institutions at a disadvantage vis-à-vis third country credit institutions under Basel II. In addition, this approach may hinder the objective of encouraging banks to move from the Basic Indicator Approach to the Standardised Approach. Basel II allows negative gross income in certain business lines to be used to partially offset positive gross income in other business lines within each year, and thereby achieves consistency with the Basic Indicator Approach under which compensation between business lines in each year occurs as a matter of course. The ECB notes that the approach chosen in the proposed banking directive is in fact more prudent. However the ECB would favour aligning the proposed banking directive with Basel II. |
|
52. |
Third, the requirements in Part 4 of Annex X to the proposed banking directive deviate from Basel II in that in principle they allow unlimited permanent partial use of AMAs. The ECB notes that restrictions on the scope and duration of the partial use of AMAs were considered crucial in Basel II, to avoid possible regulatory arbitrage and potential adverse effects on the level playing field. The ECB shares the BCBS's concerns and recommends that limits on the partial use of AMAs are put in place as a general rule and not only on a case-by-case basis. |
|
53. |
Finally, the transitional provisions incorporated in Article 155 of the proposed banking directive allow for a relevant indicator of 15 % to be applied to the ‘trading and sales’ business line until 31 December 2012, in cases where this business line constitutes at least 50 % of the total relevant indicators. This represents an unwelcome divergence from Basel II, where no such transitional provision is available. |
Legal risk as part of operational risk
|
54. |
The ECB notes that Article 4(22) of the proposed banking directive introduces the concept of ‘legal risk’ as one element of the wider notion of ‘operational risk’. The ECB recognises that legal risk is an important category of risk which has to be taken into account for capital measurement, but it also notes that the concept of legal risk is not further defined in the proposed directive and could therefore become an area of uncertainty and divergent transposition and application. In this respect, the ECB believes it would be useful to introduce into the EU framework the more precise wording of Basel II, which in particular states that operational risk includes ‘legal risk, but excludes strategic and reputational risk’ (paragraph 644 of Basel II). The footnote to this paragraph of Basel II states that ‘legal risk includes, but is not limited to, exposures to fines, penalties, or punitive damages resulting from supervisory actions, as well as private settlements’; this could usefully be reproduced in a recital to the proposed banking directive. |
|
55. |
A general definition of legal risk would facilitate proper risk assessment and risk management, as well as ensure a consistent approach between EU credit institutions. It would also be worthwhile examining the extent to which one should take into account the fact that legal risks are inherently unpredictable and do not generally conform to a pattern. In addition, the management of legal risk would have to be consistent with the management of operational risk as a whole. For these reasons, the ECB suggest that CEBS should carry out further work to clarify the definition of legal risk. |
|
56. |
The ECB notes that the legal certainty requirements for credit risk mitigation techniques listed in Annexes VII to IX to the proposed banking directive can be considered as mitigating the legal risks involved in the use of these techniques. The reason for this is that these requirements do not address the calculation of risk-weighted assets directly, but rather concern the question of whether the credit risk mitigation techniques have a sound legal foundation. However, in the light of paragraph 14 of Section 1.2 of Part 3 of Annex X to the proposed banking directive, the ECB understands that losses due to a legal defect in credit risk mitigation techniques will not be subject to an operational risk charge if they are treated as credit risk for calculating the minimum capital requirements. |
Capital requirements for certain investment firms
|
57. |
Article 20 of the proposed capital adequacy directive gives the competent authorities the discretion to exempt certain investment firms from capital requirements for operational risk. However, recital 22 to the proposed directive stresses that ‘Operational risk is a significant risk faced by institutions requiring coverage by own funds’. The Commission included this discretion on the basis of a study published in July 2004 (24), and the discretion was designed to alleviate the impact of operational risk charges on the overall requirements imposed on investment firms. The ECB notes that the authors of this study adopted a relatively cautious stance on the question of whether an increase in capital requirements on investment firms due to the introduction of a capital requirement in respect of operational risk should be viewed as disproportionate. Furthermore, the study mentioned that the data used seemed to have been incomplete. The ECB would also caution that the discretionary and firm-specific nature of the exemptions allowed under the proposed capital adequacy directive could affect the level playing field in three respects: between different types of investment firms; between investment firms of the same type competing across borders; and between investment firms and credit institutions. The ECB consequently suggests that the Commission should in due course review the effect of these exemptions and the way they are applied by competent authorities, and that a provision should be included in the proposed capital adequacy directive to reflect this. |
Done at Frankfurt am Main, 17 February 2005.
The President of the ECB
Jean-Claude TRICHET
(1) COM(2004) 486 final, Volumes I and II and Annexes techniques.
(2) OJ L 126, 26.5.2000, p. 1 (hereinafter the ‘Consolidated Banking Directive’). Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 2004/69/EC (OJ L 125, 28.4.2004, p. 44).
(3) OJ L 141, 11.6.1993, p. 1 (hereinafter the ‘Capital Adequacy Directive’). Directive as last amended by Directive 2004/39/EC (OJ L 145, 30.4.2004, p. 1).
(4) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, ‘International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework’, Bank for International Settlements (BIS), June 2004; available on the BIS's website.
(5) See in particular the comments of the ECB on the BCBS's second consultative package of 31 May 2001, the reply of the ECB to the BCBS's third consultative proposals (CP3) of August 2003, and the comments of the ECB on the third consultative document of the European Commission on regulatory capital review (hereinafter the ‘third consultative document’) of November 2003; documents all available on the ECB's website.
(6) It is noted that at its meeting on 7 December 2004 the ECOFIN Council agreed on a general approach regarding the proposed directives (hereinafter the ‘Council's general approach’). It requested the Presidency of the Council to continue contacts with representatives of the European Parliament in order to explore the possibility of adopting the proposed directives at the first reading. The Council's general approach also addresses some of the issues that the ECB raises in this opinion. Where appropriate, reference is made to the Council's general approach.
(7) ECB Opinion CON/2004/7 of 20 February 2004 at the request of the Council of the European Union on a proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 85/611/EEC, 91/675/EEC, 93/6/EEC and 94/19/EC and Directives 2000/12/EC, 2002/83/EC and 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, in order to establish a new financial services committee organisational structure (OJ C 58, 6.3.2004, p. 23).
(8) See page 12 of the press release of the 2 580th ECOFIN Council Meeting held in Brussels on 11 May 2004; available on the Council's website.
(9) An indicator of the increasing relevance of cross-border activities is the growing share of non-domestic branches and subsidiaries in total banking sector assets, which was more than 20 % in 2003. See the ECB's ‘Report on EU Banking Structure’, November 2004; available on the ECB's website.
(10) ‘Significant’ can refer either to the relative importance of the subsidiaries for the group as a whole or for the banking system in the host jurisdiction.
(11) The level playing field could be jeopardised if some banks' IRB Approaches were validated by the supervisor on a consolidated basis, whereas for other banks the validation was carried out by the domestic supervisor.
(12) European Commission ‘Review of the Capital Requirements for Credit Institutions and Investment Firms, Third Quantitative Impact Study: EU Results’, 1 July 2003; available on the Commission's website.
(13) PricewaterhouseCoopers, MARKT/2003/02/F, ‘Study on the financial and macroeconomic consequences of the draft proposed new capital requirements for banks and investment firms in the EU’, 8 April 2004; available on the Commission's website.
(14) The Standardised Approach is described in Articles 78 to 83 of the proposed banking directive. The Foundation IRB Approach is an IRB Approach as described in Articles 84 to 89 of the proposed banking directive, but where a credit institution does not make use of own estimates of losses given default (LGDs) and/or conversion factors pursuant to Article 84(4).
(15) Solo consolidation is an element of the proposed banking directive which is not addressed in Basel II. Paragraph 23 of Basel II requires supervisors to test that ‘individual banks are adequately capitalised on a stand-alone basis’.
(16) This exemption only applies to the Standardised Approach; however it may also be applied to credit institutions by means of a specific type of permanent partial use (Article 89(1)(e) of the proposed banking directive).
(17) Basel II applies to internationally active banks at every layer of a banking group on a consolidated basis. This means that a subsidiary which is an internationally active bank will have to hold capital to cover credit exposures to other group entities that are not its subsidiaries. Basel II does not permit a waiver of such capital requirements.
(18) Available on IOSCO's website.
(19) ‘CESR's technical advice to the European Commission on possible measures concerning credit rating agencies — Consultation Paper’, 30 November 2004; available on CESR's website.
(20) ‘To help address potential concerns about the cyclicality of the IRB approaches, the Committee agreed that meaningfully conservative credit risk stress testing by banks should be a requirement under the IRB approaches as a means of ensuring that banks hold a sufficient capital buffer under Pillar Two of the new Accord’, BCBS press release, 10 July 2002; available on the BIS's website.
(21) Economic and Financial Committee, ‘Report on financial crisis management’ of 17 April 2001, Economic Paper No 156, July 2001; available on the Commission's website.
(22) Article 50 of the proposed banking directive, recasting part of Article 30(9) of the Consolidated Banking Directive, permits Member States to authorise the disclosure of confidential prudential information to ‘departments of their central government administrations responsible for legislation on the supervision of credit institutions, financial institutions, investment services and insurance companies and to inspectors acting on behalf of those departments’.
(23) See ECB press release of 10 March 2003; available on the ECB's website.
(24) European Commission, ‘Review of the Capital Requirements for EU Investment Firms — 2004 Quantitative Impact Study — Main Conclusions’, undated; available on the Commission's website.
II Preparatory Acts
Commission
|
2.3.2005 |
EN |
Official Journal of the European Union |
C 52/47 |
Legislative proposals adopted by the Commission
(2005/C 52/11)
|
Document |
Part |
Date |
Title |
|
COM(2004) 492 |
|
14.7.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund |
|
COM(2004) 551 |
|
19.8.2004 |
Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Council Decision 2001/51/EC establishing a Programme relating to the Community framework strategy on gender equality and Decision No 848/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Community action programme to promote organisations active at European level in the field of equality between men and women |
|
COM(2004) 594 |
1 |
17.9.2004 |
Proposal for COUNCIL DECISION on the signing of the Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark extending to Denmark the provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national and Council Regulation (EC) No 2725/2000 concerning the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention |
|
COM(2004) 594 |
2 |
17.9.2004 |
Proposal for COUNCIL DECISION on the conclusion of the Agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark extending to Denmark the provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national and Council Regulation (EC) No 2725/2000 concerning the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention |
|
COM(2004) 699 |
|
20.10.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION applying a scheme of generalised tariff preferences |
|
COM(2004) 710 |
|
25.10.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION amending Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 establishing common rules for direct support schemes under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers and Regulation (EC) No 1788/2003 establishing a levy in the milk and milk products sector |
|
COM(2004) 716 |
|
12.11.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel |
|
COM(2004) 725 |
|
27.10.2004 |
Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC concerning the annual accounts of certain types of companies and consolidated accounts |
|
COM(2004) 781 |
|
7.12.2004 |
Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Council Decision 2000/819/EC on a multiannual programme for enterprise and entrepreneurship, and in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) (2001-2005) |
|
COM(2004) 787 |
|
9.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the European Communities and their Member States within the Cooperation Council established by the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Moldova Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 788 |
|
9.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the European Community and its Member States within the Association Council established by the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Morocco Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 789 |
|
9.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the European Community within the Joint Committee established by the Interim Association Agreement on trade and cooperation with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Palestinian Authority Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 790 |
|
9.10.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the Communities and their Member States within the Association Council established by the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Israel Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 791 |
|
9.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the Communities and its Member States within the Cooperation Council established by the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement establishing a partnership between the European Communities and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 792 |
|
9.10.2004 |
Proposal for a Council Decision on the position to be adopted by the European Community and its Member States within the Association Council established by the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Tunisia, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Tunisia Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 796 |
|
9.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted by the European Community and its Member States within the Association Council established by the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part, with regard to the adoption of a Recommendation on the implementation of the EU-Jordan Action Plan |
|
COM(2004) 798 |
|
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION approving the accession of the European Community to the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as revised at Geneva on 19 March 1991 |
|
COM(2004) 809 |
1 |
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Framework Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Albania on the general principles for the participation of the Republic of Albania in Community programmes |
|
COM(2004) 809 |
2 |
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Framework Agreement between the European Community and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the general principles for the participation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Community programmes |
|
COM(2004) 809 |
3 |
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Framework Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of Croatia on the general principles for the participation of the Republic of Croatia in Community programmes |
|
COM(2004) 809 |
4 |
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Protocol to the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part, on a Framework Agreement between the European Community and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on the general principles for the participation of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in Community programmes |
|
COM(2004) 809 |
5 |
16.12.2004 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Protocol to the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part, on a Framework Agreement between the European Community and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on the general principles for the participation of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in Community programmes Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION concerning the conclusion of a Framework Agreement between the European Community and Serbia and Montenegro on the general principles for the participation of Serbia and Montenegro in Community programmes |
|
COM(2004) 835 |
|
28.12.2004 |
Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL concerning the Visa Information System (VIS) and the exchange of data between Member States on short stay-visas |
|
COM(2004) 852 |
|
5.1.2005 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION authorising Sweden to apply a reduced rate of taxation to electricity consumed by certain households and service sector companies in accordance with Article 19 of Directive 2003/96/EC |
|
COM(2005) 4 |
|
19.1.2005 |
Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION authorising the Republic of Cyprus to apply a measure derogating from Article 11 of the Sixth Directive 77/388/EEC on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to turnover taxes |
These texts are available on EUR-Lex: http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/