(1)

Article 3(a) of Directive 2010/40/EU sets as a priority action the provision of Union-wide multimodal travel information services for the development and use of specifications and standards.

(2)

Article 5 of Directive 2010/40/EU provides that specifications adopted in accordance with Article 6 of this Directive should apply to the ITS applications and services when these are deployed without prejudice to the right of each Member State to decide on the deployment of such applications and services on its territory.

(3)

These specifications should apply to the provision of all travel information services without prejudice to particular specifications adopted in other acts under Directive 2010/40/EU, notably Commission Delegated Regulations (EU) No 886/2013 (2) and (EU) 2015/962 (3), as well as Commission Regulation (EU) No 454/2011 (4).

(4)

As regards the provision of multimodal travel information services, Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) sets out minimum rules for the reuse of public sector information throughout the Union. With respect to the reuse of data held by transport authorities and transport operators, the rules established by this Regulation, in particular the ones concerning data updates, should apply without prejudice to the rules established by Directive 2003/98/EC.

(5)

Whenever the measures provided for in this Regulation entail the processing of personal data, they shall be carried out in accordance with EU law on the protection of personal data, in particular Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (6) and Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (7), as well as the national implementing measures thereto. Information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person should be processed in strict compliance with the data minimisation principle and only for the purposes of this Regulation and as long as necessary. Such data should not allow for the identification of an individual or make an individual identifiable whenever possible and when it does not hinder the purpose of this Regulation

(6)

Where the information service relies on the collection of data, including geo-location, end users should be clearly informed about the collection of such data, the arrangements for data collection and potential tracking, and the periods for which such data are kept. Appropriate technical measures (including privacy by design and data protection by design features) should be deployed by public and private data collectors such as transport operators, transport authorities, travel information service providers and digital map producers to ensure pseudonymisation (8) of the data received from end users.

(7)

Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (9) aims at creating a Union spatial data infrastructure which enables the sharing of and public access to spatial information, including information related to transport networks, across the Union, with a view to supporting Union environmental policies, and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. The specifications set out in this Regulation should be compatible with those established by Directive 2007/2/EC and Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 (10).

(8)

The specifications set out in this Regulation should apply to all transport modes in the Union, such as schedule based (air, rail including high speed rail, conventional rail and light rail, long-distance coach, maritime including ferry, metro, tram, bus, trolley-bus, cableways), transport on demand (shuttle bus, shuttle ferry, taxi, ride-share, car-share, car-pool, car-hire, bike-share, bike-hire, dial-a-ride) and personal based (car, motorcycle, bicycle, walking). Walking as a travel option to fulfil parts of the first and last mile of the journey is very relevant for multimodal travel information and can bring both environmental and network management benefits but also health benefits to the traveller directly.

(9)

Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (11) establishes the transport infrastructure that is part of the core and the comprehensive trans-European transport networks. In order to address the travelling needs of end-users across the Union and to maximise the full potential of multimodal travel information, the full door-to-door network coverage is needed. Therefore, this Regulation should apply to the comprehensive TEN-T network, including Urban Nodes, and the other parts of the transport network.

(10)

In order to support the provision of Union-wide multimodal travel information services, both centralised approaches based on data provisions and de-centralised approaches based on data and service provisions can be used. Therefore, this Regulation should include requirements for both data and service provision to support those two approaches. In order to facilitate the easy exchange and reuse of these data for the provision of comprehensive travel information services, transport authorities, transport operators, infrastructure managers or transport on demand service providers as appropriate should make the static data, corresponding metadata and information on the quality of the data accessible to users through a national or common access point. The access point may take various forms, such as a database, data warehouse, data marketplace, repository, and register, web portal or similar depending on the type of data. Member States should consider regrouping the existing public and private access points in a single point enabling access to all the types of relevant available data that fall within the scope of these specifications.

(11)

Member States should be allowed to co-operate with one another to set up a common access point covering the available data of the participating Member States. Member States should be free to decide to use the access points established under other delegated acts adopted under Directive 2010/40/EU as the national access points for the data falling within the scope of this Regulation. Moreover, Member States should be free to decide to use pre-existing access points covering multiple sectors as the National Access Point. Member States may define which actor is responsible for the provision of the travel and traffic data listed in the Annex. In some cases transport operators, infrastructure managers and transport on demand service providers operate across different Member States and therefore more than one access point is relevant to provide access to the travel and traffic data. However, efforts should be made to avoid unnecessary duplication of data and take into account the shape and form of the relevant access points. Therefore, the relevant data and metadata could be listed in all relevant NAPs that take the form of a repository. In addition, if some of the relevant NAPs take the form of a database/data warehouse, then the data and metadata could be hosted in only one of them and listed in all others. Terms and conditions for the use of the traffic and travel data provided through the national access point may be determined, where appropriate, through a licence agreement.

(12)

The travel and traffic data listed in the Annex may be integrated into the national access point in a phased approach. Member States should be free to decide whether or not to integrate the data listed in the Annex ahead of the time limit set. Multimodal travel information services are based on both static and dynamic travel and traffic data as listed in the Annex. Static travel and traffic data is essential for information and planning purposes during the pre-trip phase and is therefore required by all Member States. Dynamic travel and traffic data, for example travel disturbances and delays, can allow end users to make well informed travel decisions and bring time savings. However, the integration of dynamic travel and traffic data within national access points may bring additional effort. Member States should be free to decide whether or not to include the dynamic travel and traffic data listed in the Annex though the national access point. Should they decide to do that the requirements of this Regulation should apply. To ensure that the development of multimodal travel information is consistent and coherent across the Union, Member States are encouraged to integrate the existing dynamic travel and traffic data through the national access point according to the following timeline: the travel and traffic data set out in point 2.1 of the Annex by 1 December 2019, the travel and traffic data set out in point 2.2 of the Annex by 1 December 2020 and the travel and traffic data set out in point 2.3 of the Annex by 1 December 2021.

(13)

In order to allow the successful and cost-efficient use of national access points, it is necessary to properly describe the content and structure of the relevant travel and traffic data by using the appropriate metadata (12).

(14)

These specifications should not oblige transport authorities, transport operators, transport on demand service providers and infrastructure managers to start collecting any data that is not already available in machine readable format. The specific requirements regarding the static and dynamic travel and traffic data of different transport modes should only apply to the data that is actually collected and available in machine readable format. At the same time Member States should be encouraged to look for cost-effective ways that are appropriate for their needs to digitise existing static and dynamic data of different transport modes. Member States that start digitising static and dynamic travel and traffic information of different transport modes that can be used for multimodal travel information services are encouraged to start with the data defined in level of service 1 of the Annex and then beyond in level of service 2 and 3. The data defined in the first group are regarded as essential for the basic functioning of multimodal travel information services.

(15)

In order to develop a harmonised and seamless provision of multimodal travel information services and to support interoperability across the Union, a harmonised set of interoperable data exchange formats and protocols based on existing technical solutions and standards across different transport modes should be used at the national access point. Within the frame of multimodal travel information services there are a number of relevant pre-existing standards and technical specifications that exist covering road (DATEX II), rail (TAP-TSI technical documents B1, B2, B3, B4, B8, B9), air (IATA SSIM) and underlying spatial data (INSPIRE). In such cases this Regulation should refer to the requirements already in place but such transport modes may choose to use other standards and technical specifications identified in the specification. However, duplication of the same travel and traffic data in more than one format should be avoided (for example urban rail data in either TAP-TSI or NeTEx). In the future such standards, notably DATEX II, may expand their scope to cover further urban elements, and if available they should be used in the frame of the specifications.

(16)

For what concerns the exchange of static scheduled data (such as public transport, long distance coach and maritime including ferry), the relevant data in the national access point should use the CEN data exchange standard NeTEx CEN/TS 16614 based on the underlying conceptual data reference model Transmodel EN 12896: 2006 and subsequent upgraded versions or any machine-readable format fully compatible by the agreed timeline. For what concerns the exchange of dynamic public transport data, if Member States choose to include dynamic data in the national access point the relevant parts of the CEN public transport data exchange standard SIRI CEN/TS 15531 and subsequent upgraded versions or any machine-readable format fully compatible should be used. Member States may choose to continue using national public transport data standards at the Member State level for national operations but to ensure EU-wide interoperability and the continuity of services, the specified EU standards must be used at the national access point level. Member States may use translation and conversion methods to adhere to the European standardisation requirements. The version of the prescribed standards that is available at the time of date of application should be used. Any relevant updates that widen the scope and include new types of data should be used.

(17)

To ensure the optimal use and full interoperability of the aforementioned standards between Member States, a common minimum profile that identifies the different key elements of the standard should be established and used within national access points. Member States' national profiles must be based on a common minimum European profile when it exists.

(18)

The provision of accurate and reliable travel information by service providers is essential for travellers across the Union. When changes occur, the relevant data should be updated by the transport authorities or transport operators through the national access point in a timely manner. Moreover, when travel and traffic data is used by a service provider, there is a risk of inaccurate travel information being displayed to users which may have a negative impact on the journey taken by the traveller. When any inaccuracies are detected by transport authorities, transport operators, infrastructure managers or transport on demand service providers, such errors should be corrected in a timely manner.

(19)

At present, there are a substantial number of multimodal travel information services in Europe but those services that offer a full door-to-door routing result are mainly limited to the territory within a Member State. A key solution to enhance the geographical coverage of travel information services and to support Union-wide multimodal travel information is by linking local, regional and national travel information services. This involves the use of technological tools including interfaces to link existing information systems to exchange routing results. It is recommended that travel information services should use the European Technical Specification entitled ‘Intelligent Transport Systems — Public Transport — Open API for distributed journey planning 00278420’ currently under finalisation when performing distributed journey planning. When service providers establish handover points for distributed journey planning, such handover points should be listed in the national access point.

(20)

Travel information services may provide multiple travel options to end-users with different transport operators. It is imperative that service providers are transparent in the criteria used to rank travel options and provide neutral travel information. Wherever possible, travel information service providers should provide information on the greenhouse-gas emissions of different modes to support the shift to sustainable modes of transport. It is also strongly encouraged for services providers to allow direct customer feedback regarding service quality.

(21)

The use of static and dynamic data for the purpose of travel information services involves data from different actors across the value chain. In many cases the original data from a transport authorities, transport operators, infrastructure managers or transport on demand service providers will be used by a travel information service provider. In this instance it is imperative that the original source, the date and time of the last static update are indicated when used.

(22)

To maximise the foreseeable use of travel information services by persons with functional limitations, travel information service providers and Member States when implementing the delegated regulation should take into account relevant legislation as regards accessibility requirements such as the forthcoming European Accessibility Act. Relevant requirements include the accessibility of websites and mobile device-based services in a consistent and adequate way for users' perception, operation and understanding.

(23)

In order to make sure that these specifications are correctly implemented, Member States should assess the compliance with the requirements concerning the accessibility, exchange, reuse and update of the multimodal travel data by the transport authorities, transport operators, transport on demand service providers and travel information service providers. To that end the competent authorities should be free to rely on self-declarations of compliance submitted by transport authorities, transport operators, infrastructure managers, transport on demand service providers or travel information service providers, and may randomly check the correctness of these declarations.

(24)

In order to monitor the implementation of this Regulation, Member States should provide the Commission with a report that describes the implementation of the different requirements.

(25)

Through the Connecting Europe Facility the Commission will support different technical requirements established within this Regulation through a programme support action (13), notably the establishment of the national access point, the conversion to prescribed data exchange standards and the use of common minimum profiles within national access points and the linkage of travel information services where relevant.

(26)

The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 28(2) of Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (14) and delivered an opinion on 22 August 2017,

(1)

‘accessibility of the data’ means the possibility to request and obtain the data at any time in a machine readable format;

(2)

‘data update’ means any modification of the existing data, including its deletion or insertion of new or additional elements;

(3)

‘metadata’ means a structured description of the contents of the data facilitating the discovery and use of this data;

(4)

‘discovery services’ means services allowing for the search of the requested data using the contents of the corresponding metadata and displaying such contents;

(5)

‘comprehensive trans-European transport network’ means the transport infrastructure that is part of the comprehensive network as defined in Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(6)

‘access point’ means a digital interface where at least the static travel and historic traffic data together with the corresponding metadata are made accessible for reuse to users, or where the sources and metadata of these data are made accessible for reuse to users;

(7)

‘dynamic travel and traffic data’ means data relating to different transport modes that changes often or on a regular basis, as listed in the Annex;

(8)

‘static travel and traffic data’ means data relating to different transport modes that does not change at all or does not change often, or change on a regular basis, as listed in the Annex;

(9)

‘transport authority’ means any public authority responsible for the traffic management or the planning, control or management of a given transport network or modes of transport, or both, falling within its territorial competence;

(10)

‘transport operator’ means any public or private entity that is responsible for the maintenance and management of the transport service;

(11)

‘user’ means any public or private entity which uses the National Access Point such as transport authorities, transport operators, travel information service providers, digital map producers, transport on demand service providers and infrastructure managers;

(12)

‘end user’ means any natural or legal person who has access to travel information;

(13)

‘travel information service’ means an ITS service, including digital maps, that provides users, and end-users, with travel and traffic information of at least one transport mode;

(14)

‘historic traffic data’ means traffic characteristics depending on the hour, day, season based on previous measurements, including rate of congestion, average speeds, average travel times, as listed in the Annex;

(15)

‘timeliness of data’ means the availability of up to date data provided to users and end users sufficiently in advance to be useful;

(16)

‘travel information service provider’ means any public or private provider of travel and traffic information, excluding a mere conveyer of information, to users and end-users;

(17)

‘transport on demand’ means a passenger transport service which is characterised by flexible routing such as car-sharing, car-pooling, bike-sharing, ride-sharing, taxi, dial-a-ride services. These services usually require interaction between the transport on demand service provider and end-users before delivery;

(18)

‘transport on demand service provider’ means any public or private provider of transport on demand service to users and end-users, including travel and traffic information thereof;

(19)

‘linking of service’ means the connection of local, regional, and national travel information systems which are interlinked via technical interfaces to provide routing results or other application programming interfaces (APIs) results based on static and/or dynamic travel and traffic information;

(20)

‘handover point’ means the station, stop or location at which two travel information services' routing results are linked to produce a journey;

(21)

‘multimodal travel information’ means information derived from any static or dynamic travel and traffic data, or both, for users and end-users, through any communication means, covering at least two modes of transport and allowing the possibility to compare transport modes;

(22)

‘routing result’ means the travel itinerary in a machine readable format resulting from an end-users' journey request with reference to the hand-over point(s) used;

(23)

‘infrastructure manager’ means any public or private body or undertaking that is responsible in particular for establishing and maintaining transport infrastructure, or part thereof;

(24)

‘traveller transport service’ means any public or private transport service or any service which is available for collective use or private use by the general public covering different modes of transport.