1980L0181 — EN — 27.05.2009 — 004.001
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents
|
►B
|
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 20 December 1979
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC
(80/181/EEC)
(OJ L 039, 15.2.1980, p.40)
|
Amended by:
Corrected by:
▼B
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE
of 20 December 1979
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC
(80/181/EEC)
THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,
Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particluar Article 100 thereof,
Having regard to Council Directive 71/354/EEC of 18 October 1971 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement (
1
), as last amended by Council Directive 76/770/EEC (
2
),
Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (
3
),
Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (
4
),
Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (
5
),
Whereas units of measurement are essential in the use of all measuring instruments, to express measurements or any indication of quantity; whereas units of measurement are used in most fields of human activity; whereas it is necessary to ensure the greatest possible clarity in their use; whereas it is therefore necessary to make rules for their use within the Community for economic, public health, public safety or administrative purposes;
Whereas, however, there exist international conventions or agreements in the field of international transport which bind the Community or the Member States; whereas these conventions or agreements have to be respected;
Whereas the laws which regulate the use of units of measurement in the Member States differ from one Member State to another and as a result hinder trade; whereas, in these circumstances, it is necessary to harmonize laws, regulations and administrative provisions in order to overcome such obstacles;
Whereas units of measurement are the subject of international resolutions adopted by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) set up by the Metre Convention signed in Paris on 20 May 1875, to which all the Member States adhere; whereas the ‘International System of Units’(SI) was drawn up as a result of these resolutions;
Whereas the Council on 18 October 1971 adopted Directive 71/354/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States in order to eliminate obstacles to trade by adopting the international system of units at Community level; whereas Directive 71/354/EEC was amended by the Act of Accession and by Directive 76/770/EEC;
Whereas these Community provisions have not overcome all the obstacles in this field; whereas Directive 76/770/EEC provides for the review before 31 December 1979 of the situation regarding units of measurement, names and symbols listed in Chapter D of the Annex thereto; whereas it has also proved necessary to review the situation regarding certain other units of measurement;
Whereas it is necessary, in order to avoid serious difficulties, to provide for a transitional period during which units of measurement which are not compatible with the international system can be phased out; whereas it is nevertheless essential to allow the Member States wishing to do so to bring into force as quickly as possible, on their territory, the provisions of Chapter I of the Annex; whereas it is therefore necessary to limit the duration of this transitional period at Community level while, at the same time, leaving the Member States free to curtail that period;
Whereas, during the transitional period, it is essential, particularly in order to protect the consumer, to maintain a clear position on the use of units of measurement in trade between the Member States; whereas the obligation on the Member States to allow use of supplementary indications on products and equipment imported from other Member States during this transitional period seems to serve this purpose well;
Whereas the systematic adoption of a solution of this kind for all measuring instruments, including medical instruments, is however not necessarily desirable; whereas the Member States should therefore be able to require that, on their territory, measuring instruments bear indications of quantity in a single legal unit of measurement;
Whereas this Directive does not affect the continued manufacture of products already on the market; whereas it does, however, affect the placing on the market and use of products and equipment bearing indications of quantity in units of measurement which are no longer legal units of measurement, when such products and equipment are necessary to supplement or replace components or parts of such products, equipment and instruments already on the market; whereas it is therefore necessary for Member States to authorize the placing on the market and the use of such products and equipment to complete and replace components, even when they bear indications of quantity in units of measurement which are no longer legal units of measurement, so that products, equipment or instruments already on the market may continue to be used;
Whereas the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 1 March 1974 adopted an international standard on the representation of SI and other units for use in systems with limited sets of characters; whereas it is advisable for the Community to adopt the solutions which have already been approved on a wider international level by ISO Standard 2955 of 1 March 1974;
Whereas Community provisions relating to units of measurement are to be found in several Community texts; whereas the question of units of measurement is so important that it is essential that reference may be made to a single Community text; whereas this Directive thereby consolidates all the Community provisions on the subject and repeals Directive 71/354/EEC,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1
The legal units of measurement within the meaning of this Directive which must be used for expressing quantities shall be:
(a) those listed in Chapter I of the Annex;
▼M4
(b) those listed in Chapter II of the Annex only in those Member States where they were authorised on 21 April 1973;
▼M2
(c) those listed in Chapter III of the Annex only in those Member States where they were authorized on 21 April 1973 and until a date to be fixed by those States. This date may not be later than 31 December 1994;
(d) those listed in Chapter IV of the Annex only in those Member States where they were authorized on 21 April 1973 and until a date to be fixed by those States. This date may not be later than 31 December 1999.
▼B
Article 2
▼M4
(a) The obligations arising under Article 1 relate to measuring instruments used, measurements made and indications of quantity expressed in units of measurement.
▼B
(b) This Directive shall not affect the use in the field of air and sea transport and rail traffic of units, other than those made compulsory by the Directive, which have been laid down in international conventions or agreements binding the Community or the Member States.
Article 3
1. For the purposes of this Directive ‘supplementary indication’means one or more indications of quantity expressed in units of measurement not contained in Chapter I of the Annex accompanying an indication of quantity expressed in a unit contained in that Chapter.
▼M4
2. The use of supplementary indications shall be authorised.
▼B
3. However, Member States may require that measuring instruments bear indications of quantity in a single legal unit of measurement.
4. The indication expressed in a unit of measurement listed in Chapter I shall predominate. In particular, the indications expressed in units of measurement not listed in Chapter I shall be expressed in characters no larger than those of the corresponding indication in units listed in Chapter I.
▼M2 —————
▼B
Article 4
The use of units of measurement which are not or are no longer legal shall be authorized for:
— products and equipment already on the market and/or in service on the date on which this Directive is adopted,
— components and parts of products and of equipment necessary to supplement or replace components or parts of the above products and equipment.
However, the use of legal units of measurement may be required for the indicators of measuring instruments.
Article 5
International standard ISO 2955 of
►M2
15 May 1983 ◄ , ‘Information processing — Representations of SI and other units for use in systems with limited character sets’ shall apply in the field covered by paragraph 1 thereof.
Article 6
Directive 71/354/EEC shall be repealed on 1 October 1981.
▼M2 —————
▼M3
Article 6a
Issues concerning the implementation of this Directive and, in particular, the matter of supplementary indications shall be further examined, and if necessary the appropriate measures adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18 of Council Directive 71/316/EEC (
6
).
▼M4
Article 6b
The Commission shall monitor market developments relating to this Directive and its implementation with regard to the smooth functioning of the internal market and international trade and shall submit a report on those developments, accompanied by proposals where appropriate, to the European Parliament and to the Council by 31 December 2019.
▼B
Article 7
(a) Member States shall adopt and publish before 1 July 1981 the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive and shall inform the Commission thereof.
They shall apply these provisions from 1 October 1981.
(b) As from the date of notification of this Directive, Member States shall also ensure that the Commission is informed, in sufficient time to enable it to submit its comments, of any draft laws, regulations or administrative provisions which they intend to adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 8
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
▼C1
ANNEX
CHAPTER I
LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (a)
1. SI UNITS AND THEIR DECIMAL MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES
1.1. SI base units
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
|
Length
|
metre
|
m
|
|
Mass
|
kilogram
|
kg
|
|
Time
|
second
|
s
|
|
Electric current
|
ampere
|
A
|
|
Thermodynamic temperature
|
kelvin
|
K
|
|
Amount of substance
|
mole
|
mol
|
|
Luminous intensity
|
candela
|
cd
|
Definitions of SI base units:
▼M1
A metre is the length of the path travelled in a vacuum by light during 1/299 792 458 seconds.
(Seventeenth CGPM (1983), Resolution 1).
▼C1
The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram.
(Third CGPM (1901), page 70 of the conference report).
The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom.
(Thirteenth CGPM (1967), resolution 1).
The ampere is that constant current, which if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed one metre apart in vacuum, would produce between those conductors a force equal to 2 × 10-7 newton per metre of length.
(CIPM (1946), resolution 2, approved by the ninth CGPM (1948)).
▼M4
The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273,16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
This definition refers to water having the isotopic composition defined by the following amount-of-substance ratios: 0,00015576 mole of 2H per mole of 1H, 0,0003799 mole of 17O per mole of 16O and 0,0020052 mole of 18O per mole of 16O.
(Thirteenth CGPM (1967), resolution 4 and Twenty-third CGPM (2007), resolution 10)
▼C1
(1) The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0·012 kilogram of carbon 12.
(2) When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles.
(Fourteenth CGPM (1971), resolution 3).
The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency of 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of (1/683) watt per steradian.
(Sixteenth CGPM (1979), resolution 3).
1.1.1.
►M4
Special name and symbol of the SI derived unit of temperature for expressing Celsius temperature ◄
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
|
Celsius temperature
|
degree Celsius
|
°C
|
▼M3
Celsius temperature
►C3
t
◄ is defined as the difference
►C3
t = T - T
0
◄ between the two thermodynamic temperatures
►C3
T
◄ and
►C3
T
0
◄ where
►C3
T
0
◄ = 273,15 K. An interval or difference of temperature may be expressed either in kelvins or in degrees Celsius. The unit ‘degree Celsius’ is equal to the unit ‘kelvin’.
▼M4
1.2. SI derived units
▼M4 —————
▼M4
1.2.2. General rule for SI derived units
Units derived coherently from SI base units are given as algebraic expressions in the form of products of powers of the SI base units with a numerical factor equal to 1.
1.2.3. SI derived units with special names and symbols
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
Expression
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
In terms of other SI units
|
In terms of SI base units
|
|
Plane angle
|
radian
|
rad
|
|
m · m–1
|
|
Solid angle
|
steradian
|
sr
|
|
m2 · m–2
|
|
Frequency
|
hertz
|
Hz
|
|
s–1
|
|
Force
|
newton
|
N
|
|
m · kg · s–2
|
|
Pressure, stress
|
pascal
|
Pa
|
N · m–2
|
m–1 · kg · s–2
|
|
Energy, work; quantity of heat
|
joule
|
J
|
N · m
|
m2 · kg · s–2
|
|
Power (1), radiant flux
|
watt
|
W
|
J · s–1
|
m2 · kg · s–3
|
|
Quantity of electricity, electric charge
|
coulomb
|
C
|
|
s · A
|
|
Electric potential, potential difference, electromotive force
|
volt
|
V
|
W · A–1
|
m2 · kg · s–3 · A–1
|
|
Electric resistance
|
ohm
|
Ω
|
V · A–1
|
m2 · kg · s–3 · A–2
|
|
Conductance
|
siemens
|
S
|
A · V–1
|
m–2 · kg–1 · s3 · A2
|
|
Capacitance
|
farad
|
F
|
C · V–1
|
m–2 · kg–1 · s4 · A2
|
|
Magnetic flux
|
weber
|
Wb
|
V · s
|
m2 · kg · s–2 · A–1
|
|
Magnetic flux density
|
tesla
|
T
|
Wb · m–2
|
kg · s–2 · A–1
|
|
Inductance
|
henry
|
H
|
Wb · A–1
|
m2 · kg · s–2 · A–2
|
|
Luminous flux
|
lumen
|
lm
|
cd · sr
|
cd
|
|
Illuminance
|
lux
|
lx
|
lm · m–2
|
m–2 · cd
|
|
Activity (of a radionuclide)
|
becquerel
|
Bq
|
|
s–1
|
|
Absorbed dose, specific energy imparted, kerma, absorbed dose index
|
gray
|
Gy
|
J · kg–1
|
m2 · s–2
|
|
Dose equivalent
|
sievert
|
Sv
|
J · kg–1
|
m2 · s–2
|
|
Catalytic activity
|
katal
|
kat
|
|
mol · s–1
|
|
(1) Special names for the unit of power: the name volt–ampere (symbol ‘VA’) when it is used to express the apparent power of alternating electric current, and var (symbol ‘var’) when it is used to express reactive electric power. The ‘var’ is not included in GCPM resolutions.
|
Units derived from SI base units may be expressed in terms of the units listed in Chapter I.
In particular, derived SI units may be expressed by the special names and symbols given in the above table; for example, the SI unit of dynamic viscosity may be expressed as m–1 · kg · s–1 or N · s · m–2 or Pa · s.
▼C1
1.3. Prefixes and their symbols used to designate certain decimal multiples and submultiples
▼M3
|
Factor
|
Prefix
|
Symbol
|
|
1024
|
yotta
|
Y
|
|
1021
|
zetta
|
Z
|
|
1018
|
exa
|
E
|
|
1015
|
peta
|
P
|
|
1012
|
tera
|
T
|
|
109
|
giga
|
G
|
|
106
|
mega
|
M
|
|
103
|
kilo
|
►C2
k ◄
|
|
102
|
hecto
|
►C2
h ◄
|
|
101
|
deca
|
da
|
|
10-1
|
deci
|
d
|
|
10-2
|
centi
|
c
|
|
10-3
|
milli
|
m
|
|
10-6
|
micro
|
μ
|
|
10-9
|
nano
|
n
|
|
10-12
|
pico
|
p
|
|
10-15
|
femto
|
f
|
|
10-18
|
atto
|
a
|
|
10-21
|
zepto
|
z
|
|
10-24
|
yocto
|
y
|
▼C1
The names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples of the unit of mass are formed by attaching prefixes to the word ‘gram’ and their symbols to the symbol ‘g’.
Where a derived unit is expressed as a fraction, its decimal multiples and submultiples may be designated by attaching a prefix to units in the numerator or the denominator, or in both these parts.
Compound prefixes, that is to say prefixes formed by the juxtaposition of several of the above prefixes, may not be used.
1.4. Special authorized names and symbols of decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Value
|
|
Volume
|
litre
|
1 or L (1)
|
1 l = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3
|
|
Mass
|
tonne
|
t
|
1 t = 1 Mg = 103 kg
|
|
Pressure, stress
|
bar
|
bar (2)
|
1 bar = 105 Pa
|
|
(1) The two symbols ‘I’and ‘L’ may be used for the litre unit.
(2) Unit listed in the International Bureau of Weights and Measures booklet as among the units to be permitted temporarily.
|
Note:
The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 may be used in conjunction with the units and symbols contained in Table 1.4.
2. UNITS WHICH ARE DEFINED ON THE BASIS OF SI UNITS BUT ARE NOT DECIMAL MULTIPLES OR SUBMULTIPLES THEREOF
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Value
|
|
Plane angle
|
revolution* (1) ()
|
|
1 revolution = 2 π rad
|
|
grade* or gon*
|
gon*
|
|
|
degree
|
°
|
|
|
minute of angle
|
′
|
|
|
second of angle
|
″
|
|
|
Time
|
minute
|
min
|
1 min = 60 s
|
|
hour
|
h
|
1 h = 3 600 s
|
|
day
|
d
|
1 d = 86 400 s
|
|
(1) The character (*) after a unit name or symbol indicates that it does not appear in the lists drawn up by the CGPM, CIPM o BIPM. This applies to the whole of this Annex.
(2) No international symbol exists.
|
Note:
The prefixes listed in 1.3 may only be used in conjunction with the names ‘grade’ or ‘gon’ and the symbol ‘gon’.
▼M3
3. UNITS USED WITH THE SI, WHOSE VALUES IN SI ARE OBTAINED EXPERIMENTALLY
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Definition
|
|
Energy
|
Electronvolt
|
eV
|
The electron volt is the kinetic energy acquired by an electron in passing through a potential difference of 1 volt in vaccum
|
|
Mass
|
Unified atomic mass unit
|
u
|
The unified atomic mass units is equal to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C.
|
| Note: The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 may be used in conjunction with these two units and with their symbols.
|
▼C1
4. UNITS AND NAMES OF UNITS PERMITTED IN SPECIALIZED FIELDS ONLY
|
Quantity
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Value
|
|
Vergency of optical systems
|
dioptre*
|
|
1 dioptre = 1 m-1
|
|
Mass of precious stones
|
metric carat
|
|
1 metric carat = 2 × 10-4kg
|
|
Area of farmland and building land
|
are
|
a
|
1 a = 102 m2
|
|
Mass per unit length of textile yarns and threads
|
tex*
|
tex*
|
1 tex = 10-6 kg · m-1
|
|
Blood pressure and pressure of other body fluids
|
Millimetre of mercury
|
mm Hg(*)
|
1 mm Hg = 133,322 Pa
|
|
Effective cross-sectional area
|
Barn
|
b
|
1 b = 10-28 m2
|
Note:
►M1
The prefixes and their symbols listed in 1.3 may be used in conjunction with the above units and symbols, with the exception of the millimetre of mercury and its symbol. The multiple of 102a is, however, called a ‘hectare’. ◄
5. COMPOUND UNITS
Combinations of the units listed in Chapter I form compound units.
▼M2
CHAPTER II
LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (b), PERMITTED FOR SPECIFIC USES ONLY
|
Field of application
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Approximate value
|
Symbol
|
|
|
|
|
Road traffic signs, distance and speed measurement
|
mile
|
1 mile =
|
1 609 m
|
mile
|
|
yard
|
1 yd =
|
0,9144 m
|
yd
|
|
foot
|
1 ft =
|
0,3048 m
|
ft
|
|
inch
|
1 in =
|
2,54 × 10-2m
|
in
|
|
Dispense of draught beer and cider; milk in returnable containers
|
pint
|
1 pt =
|
0,5683 × 10-3m3
|
pt
|
|
▼M4 —————
|
|
▼M2
|
|
Transaction in precious metals
|
troy ounce
|
1 oz tr =
|
31,10 × 10-3 kg
|
oz tr
|
▼M4
The units listed in this Chapter may be combined with each other or with those in Chapter I to form compound units.
▼C1
CHAPTER III
LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 1 (c)
QUANTITIES, NAMES OF UNITS, SYMBOLS AND APPROXIMATE VALUES
|
Length
|
|
inch
|
1 in
|
= 2·54 × 10-2 m
|
|
foot
|
1 ft
|
= 0·3048 m
|
|
▼M2 —————
|
|
▼C1
|
|
mile
|
1 mile
|
= 1 609 m
|
|
yard
|
1 yard
|
= 0·9144 m
|
|
Area
|
|
square foot
|
1 sq ft
|
= 0·929 × 10-1 m2
|
|
acre
|
1 ac
|
= 4 047 m2
|
|
square yard
|
1 sq yd
|
= 0·8361 m2
|
|
Volume
|
|
fluid ounce
|
1 fl oz
|
= 28·41 × 10-6 m3
|
|
gill
|
1 gill
|
= 0·1421 × 10-3 m3
|
|
pint
|
1 pt
|
= 0·5683 × 10-3 m3
|
|
quart
|
1 qt
|
= 1·137 × 10-3 m3
|
|
gallon
|
1 gal
|
= 4·546 × 10-3 m3
|
|
Mass
|
|
ounce (avoirdupois)
|
1 oz
|
= 28·35 × 10-3 kg
|
|
troy ounce
|
1 oz tr
|
= 31·10 × 10-3 kg
|
|
pound
|
1 lb
|
= 0·4536 kg
|
|
Energy
|
|
therm
|
1 therm
|
= 105·506 × 106 J
|
Until the date to be fixed under Article 1 (c), the units listed in Chapter III may be combined with each other or with those in Chapter I to form compound units.
▼M2
CHAPTER IV
LEGAL UNITS OF MEASUREMENT REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE I (d), PERMITTED IN SPECIALIZED FIELDS ONLY
|
Field of application
|
Unit
|
|
Name
|
Approximate value
|
Symbol
|
|
|
|
|
Marine navigation
|
fathom
|
1 fm =
|
1,829 m
|
fm
|
|
Beer, cider, waters, lemonades and fruit juices in returnable containers
|
pint
|
1 pt =
|
0,5683 × 10-3m3
|
pt
|
|
fluid ounce
|
1 fl oz =
|
28,41 × 10-6m3
|
fl. oz
|
|
Spirit drinks
|
gill
|
1 gill =
|
0,142 × 10-3m3
|
gill
|
|
Goods sold loose in bulk
|
ounce
(avoir dupois)
|
1 oz =
|
28,35 × 10-3 kg
|
oz
|
|
pound
|
1 lb =
|
0,4536 kg
|
lb
|
|
Gas supply
|
therm
|
1 therm =
|
105,506 × 106J
|
therm
|
Until the date to be fixed under Article 1 (d), the units listed in this Chapter may be combined with each other or with those in Chapter I to form compound units.