Brussels, 27.10.2023

COM(2023) 676 final

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL

on food and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation for the years 2020-2021







Contents

SUMMARY    

1    BACKGROUND    

2    APPROVED IRRADIATION FACILITIES    

3    RESULTS OF CHECKS CARRIED OUT IN IRRADIATION FACILITIES IN 2020-2021    

4    RESULTS OF CHECKS AT PRODUCT MARKETING STAGE    



SUMMARY

According to Article 7(3) of Directive 1999/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 1 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation, the Member States shall forward to the Commission every year:

–    the results of checks carried out in ionising irradiation facilities, including the categories and quantities of foodstuff treated with ionising radiation and the doses administered, and

–    the results of checks carried out at product marketing stage.

Article 7(4) of the Directive requires the Commission to publish in the Official Journal of the European Union a report on the information provided every year by the national supervisory authorities.

This report covers the period from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. It contains a compilation of the information sent to the Commission by EU Member States and Northern Ireland. EFTA countries did not submit any data in 2020 and 2021.

Period:                    1/1/2020 – 31/12/2021

Countries concerned:            27 EU Member States and Northern Ireland

Irradiation facilities:

–    Number of countries equipped:    13 Member States & Norway 

–    Number of approved facilities:    22 

–    Number of closed facilities:        0

–    Number of countries irradiating:    10 Member States

Treatment data:

–    Quantity of products treated:        5 029.1 tonnes (-35.8 % compared to 2018-2019)

–    Main commodities treated:        ‘Frog legs’ (76.4 %), ‘Poultry’ (11.9 %) and ‘Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetables seasoning’ (11.6 %)

–    Main place of irradiation:        Belgium (83%)

Checks at marketing stage:

–    Number of samples analysed:        7 667

–    Number of non-compliant samples:    66 (0.9 %)

–    Main commodities analysed:        ‘Herbs and spices’ (43.84 %) and ‘Cereals, seed, vegetables, fruits and their products’ (25.98 %) 

1BACKGROUND

Food irradiation is the treatment of foodstuffs by a certain type of radiant energy known as ionising radiation. Radiant energy has differing wavelengths and degrees of power and disappears when the energy source is removed. Irradiation is used for sanitary and phytosanitary purposes to kill pathogenic bacteria (such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli) that can cause food poisoning and to eliminate organisms harmful to plant or plant products such as insects and other pests. It is also used to delay fruit ripening, to stop vegetables (such as onions and potatoes) from sprouting or germination, and ultimately to extend the shelf life of foodstuffs. Irradiation of food cannot replace proper food handling. Irradiated foods still require appropriate refrigeration and cooking prior to consumption when necessary.

The EU regulatory framework for irradiation of food ('food irradiation directives') consists of:

–    Directive 1999/2/EC (framework Directive) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation. It lays down provisions for the manufacturing, marketing and importation of foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation.

–    Directive 1999/3/EC (implementing Directive) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 on the establishment of a Community list of foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation 2 . This list currently includes only one category of food: dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings. The list of national authorisations of other food and food ingredients which may be treated with ionising radiation is published by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Food and food ingredients can be treated with ionising radiation only in approved irradiation facilities. For facilities based on the territory of the EU, approval is given by the competent authorities of the Member States. Article 7(3) of Directive 1999/2/EC requires Member States to inform the Commission of the list of their approved irradiation facilities.

Under Article 6 of Directive 1999/2/EC, any irradiated food or any irradiated food ingredient of a compound food must be labelled with the words ‘irradiated’ or ‘treated with ionising radiation’.

To control the correct implementation of this labelling requirement and detect foods which may have been illegally treated with ionising radiation, several analytical methods have been standardised by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN).

2APPROVED IRRADIATION FACILITIES

At the end of the reporting period (1 January 2020 - 31 December 2021), there were 22 approved irradiation facilities in the EU, which were located in 13 Member States: France (5), Germany (4), Bulgaria (1), the Netherlands (2), Spain (2), Belgium (1), Czech Republic (1), Croatia (1), Estonia (1), Italy (1), Hungary (1), Poland (1) and Romania (1).

Of those 13 Member States equipped with irradiation facilities, three did not irradiate any foodstuffs over the 2020-2021 period: Bulgaria, Italy and Romania.

3RESULTS OF CHECKS CARRIED OUT IN IRRADIATION FACILITIES IN 2020-2021

A total quantity of 5 029.1 tonnes of foodstuffs were treated with ionising irradiation in EU Member States during the years 2020 and 2021. The treatment took place mainly in Belgium, which treated 83% of the irradiated food of the EU.

The three main commodities irradiated in the EU were frog legs (76.42%), poultry (11.92%) and dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetables seasoning (11.6%).

Figure 1 shows the distribution of products irradiated in approved facilities in the EU Member States in 2020 and 2021.

Figure 1 – Distribution by category of irradiated foodstuffs in the EU in 2020-2021

The quantities of foodstuffs (in tonnes) treated by ionising radiation in the EU are decreasing since 2010 as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 – Quantities of foodstuffs treated by ionising radiation in approved irradiation establishments within the European Union since 2010

4RESULTS OF CHECKS AT PRODUCT MARKETING STAGE

For the period 2020-2021, 7 667 samples were analysed by 24 EU Member States, i.e. overall 21.8% less in average than in 2018-2019. The data for each EU Member State are available in Annex II and summarised in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Samples analysed at product marketing stage within each Member State in 2020-2021

Three Member States did not perform any analytical checks at product marketing stage in 2020-2021 due to budgetary restrictions (Denmark) or lack of laboratory capacity (Cyprus and Estonia).

From the total of 7 667 samples analysed, 66 were not compliant (0.9%) and 80 (1%) gave inconclusive results. The non-compliance observed were mainly incorrect labelling and forbidden irradiation. The percentage of non-compliance (0.9%) was slightly lower than in the previous reporting period 2018-2019 (1%).

At marketing stage, as illustrated in Figure 4, the main foodstuffs analysed were 'herbs and spices' (43.84%) followed by 'cereals, seed, vegetables, fruit and their products' (25.98%).



Figure 4 – Foodstuffs category analysed at product marketing stage within the European Union in 2020-2021

(1)

Directive 1999/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation (OJ L 066 13.3.1999, p. 16).

(2)

OJ L 66, 13.3.1999, p. 24.


Brussels, 27.10.2023

COM(2023) 676 final

ANNEXES

to the

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL

on food and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation for the years 2020-2021


ANNEX I

Quantities of foodstuffs (tonnes) treated by ionising radiation in approved irradiation facilities of EU Member States in 2020-2021

Country

Treated quantity
(tonnes)

Belgium

4172.7

Czech Republic

30

Germany

89.4

Estonia

83.8

Spain

112.6

France

273.5

Croatia

22.8

Hungary

212.1

The Netherlands

8.5

Poland

23.7

Total EU:

5029.1



ANNEX II

Samples analysed and results obtained for the European Union and Northern Ireland in 2020-2021

Country

Compliant

Inconclusive

Non-compliant

Total samples

% of total EU samples

Belgium

174

56

1

231

3,05%

Bulgaria

3

0

0

3

0,04%

Czech Republic

51

12

4

67

0,87%

Denmark

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

Germany

4141

1

23

4165

54,32%

Estonia

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

Ireland

100

0

1

101

1,32%

Greece

20

0

0

20

0,26%

Spain

310

0

1

311

4,06%

France

65

4

4

73

0,95%

Croatia

175

0

2

177

2,31%

Italy

789

0

3

792

10,33%

Cyprus

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

Latvia

16

0

2

18

0.24%

Lithuania

5

0

0

5

0,07%

Luxembourg

68

2

0

70

0,91%

Hungary

129

0

0

129

1,68%

Malta

59

0

0

59

0,77%

The Netherlands

37

0

0

37

0,48%

Austria

94

0

0

94

1,23%

Poland

469

2

5

476

6,21%

Portugal

26

0

0

26

0,34%

Romania

564

0

6

570

7,43%

Slovenia

42

0

0

42

0,55%

Slovakia

50

0

0

50

0,65%

Finland

130

0

11

141

1,84%

Sweden

4

3

3

10

0,13%

TOTAL EU

7521

80

66

7667

100%

TOTAL EU (%)

98,1%

1%

0.9%

100%

 

Northern Ireland

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP

NCP: no check performed



ANNEX III

Categories of products irradiated and respective doses administered by country in 2020-2021

Country

Foodstuffs

Absorbed doses (kGy)

Belgium

Dehydrated blood, plasma, coagulates

1 - 4.9

Frozen frog legs

3.62 – 4.41

4.2 – 4.22

Poultry

3.2 - 3.4

3.49 – 3.49

Croatia

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

NDA

Czech Republic

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

2.98 -9.99

3.34 - 9.97

Estonia

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

8 – 10

France

Frozen frog legs

5 - 5

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

7.5 - 7.5

Germany

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

5 -5

Hungary

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

2 – 10

3 – 10

The Netherlands

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

2.3 - 15

Poland

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

5 - 10

Spain

Aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasoning (dried)

8.6 - 9.6

9 – 9.6

NDA: no data available