30.7.2013   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 217/24

(1)

On 26 March 2010, the European Council agreed to the Commission’s proposal to launch a new strategy for jobs and growth, Europe 2020, based on enhanced coordination of economic policies, which focuses on the key areas where action is needed to boost Europe’s potential for sustainable growth and competitiveness.

(2)

On 13 July 2010, the Council adopted a recommendation on the broad guidelines for the economic policies of the Member States and the Union (2010 to 2014) and, on 21 October 2010, it adopted a decision on guidelines for the employment policies of the Member States (3), which together form the ‘integrated guidelines’. Member States were invited to take the integrated guidelines into account in their national economic and employment policies.

(3)

On 29 June 2012, the Member States’ Heads of State or Government decided on a Compact for Growth and Jobs, providing a coherent framework for action at national, EU and euro area levels using all possible levers, instruments and policies. They decided on action to be taken at the level of the Member States, in particular expressing full commitment to achieving the objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy and to implementing the country-specific recommendations.

(4)

On 10 July 2012, the Council adopted a recommendation (4) on Finland’s National Reform Programme for 2012 and delivered its opinion on Finland’s Stability Programme for 2012-2015.

(5)

On 28 November 2012, the Commission adopted the Annual Growth Survey, marking the start of the 2013 European Semester for economic policy coordination. Also on 28 November 2012, the Commission, on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, adopted the Alert Mechanism Report, in which it identified Finland as one of the Member States for which an in-depth review would be carried out.

(6)

The European Parliament has been duly involved in the European Semester, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, and, on 7 February 2013, adopted a resolution on employment and social aspects in the Annual Growth Survey 2013 and a resolution on the contribution to the Annual Growth Survey 2013.

(7)

On 14 March 2013, the European Council endorsed the priorities for ensuring financial stability, fiscal consolidation and action to foster growth. It underscored the need to pursue differentiated, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, to restore normal lending conditions to the economy, to promote growth and competitiveness, to tackle unemployment and the social consequences of the crisis, and to modernise public administration.

(8)

On 10 April 2013, the Commission published the results of its in-depth review for Finland, under Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011. The Commission’s analysis leads it to conclude that Finland is experiencing macroeconomic imbalances, which deserve monitoring and require policy action. In particular, the substantial deterioration in the current account position and the weak export performance, driven by industrial restructuring, as well as cost and non-cost competitiveness factors, deserve continued attention.

(9)

On 18 April 2013, Finland submitted its 2013 National Reform Programme and its Stability Programme for the period 2012-2017. In order to take account of their interlinkages, the two Programmes have been assessed at the same time.

(10)

Based on the assessment of the Stability Programme pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1466/97, the Council is of the opinion that the public finances in Finland have been overall sound and efforts have been made to increase revenues and to control expenditures in order to move towards the medium-term objective (MTO). The macroeconomic scenario underpinning the budgetary projections in the Stability Programme is plausible. The growth projection for 2013 is similar to the Commission services 2013 spring forecast, whereas the one for 2014 is 0,6 percentage points higher than in the Commission services 2013 spring forecast. The objective of the budgetary strategy outlined in the Stability Programme is to balance the central government finances and to bring the central government debt to GDP ratio on a declining path by 2015. The Stability Programme incorporates a change in the MTO from 0,5 % to – 0,5 %. The new MTO is in line with the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact. The Stability Programme foresees reaching the MTO by 2014 and staying at the MTO until 2017. Based on the (recalculated) structural balance on the basis of information in the Stability Programme, in 2012 Finland did not meet the previously applicable MTO and would not meet the new MTO in 2013.

The Stability Programme projects the (recalculated) structural budget balance to improve from – 1 % of GDP in 2012 to – 0,9 % of GDP in 2013. Between 2014 and 2017, it would remain between – 0,6 % and – 0,7 % of GDP. In 2012, Finland’s net expenditure increased by 0,4 %, which remains below the applicable reference rate of the expenditure benchmark of the Stability and Growth Pact. Due to the negative real GDP growth in 2012, the low structural adjustment is deemed sufficient. In 2013, Finland’s (recalculated) structural budget balance is improving and its net expenditure is projected to deviate by only 0,1 % of GDP from the expenditure benchmark. In the light of Finland’s large negative output gap, this is deemed to be appropriate. In 2014, Finland’s (recalculated) structural budget balance is forecast to improve further, reaching – 0,6 % of GDP, thus getting sufficiently close to the MTO. Moreover, according to the Commission services 2013 spring forecast, Finland would fully reach it in 2014. Overall, this would entail compliance with the preventive arm of the Stability and Growth Pact. General government gross consolidated debt was 53 % of GDP in 2012 and will remain, according to the Stability Programme, below 60 % of GDP over the Programme horizon. The Stability Programme foresees reductions in the debt level in 2016 and 2017. Long-term sustainability continues to be the most important challenge for fiscal policy. The ageing related sustainability gap, concerning pensions, healthcare and long-term care, has been recognised and needs constant monitoring.

(11)

The productivity growth in public services has not matched the productivity growth in the wider economy whilst the burden linked to an ageing population is increasing. Whereas the principles for reforming municipalities have been established, mergers will remain voluntary although financial incentives from central government will be available. It is expected that the ongoing reform of social and health services will not lead to any significant reduction in the current number of healthcare districts.

(12)

Measures have been implemented to reduce youth and long-term unemployment such as the Youth Guarantee, the temporary skills programme for young adults and the pilot programme for the long-term unemployed. These programmes were supplemented in 2013 by additional financial support for apprenticeships as part of the Youth Guarantee and are welcome in the context of an expected increase in the rate of unemployment. These measures now need to be implemented with a clear focus on improving the skills level and labour-market position of the target groups. Raising the employment rate of older workers is important to ensure sustainable public finances and to meet the demand for labour in the future. The size of the working age population is declining in Finland. Several measures have been agreed to address pathways to early retirement such as raising the age for access to part-time pension, removal of the reduced pension possibility and raising the age for retirement following unemployment. However, the increase in life expectancy has been more rapid than was envisaged during the 2005 pension reform, and over time the current statutory retirement age range could turn out to be too low and pensions insufficient. In its Stability Programme, the Government committed itself to increasing the effective retirement age to 62,4 years by 2025, which remains low in the context of life expectancy and demographic challenges. Implementing these agreed lines of action remains a priority in the short term.

(13)

Regulatory barriers in the services sector in Finland are still restrictive and market concentrations are high in important sectors such as retail. The envisaged changes to the Competition Act in respect of the dominant position of grocery trade operators, the objectives of the programme on healthy competition in terms of greater supervision of this sector, and the removal of unnecessary restrictions on competition in existing legislation, such as that on spatial planning and construction, should help tackle current problems. The merger of the Competition Authority with the Consumer Agency, along with an increase in its budget and wider powers to cover competition neutrality between public and private actors, should also improve the effectiveness and benefits of competition policy, more generally. Competition law fines in Finland have traditionally been low and the survey planned for 2013 should provide a basis for further reforms to improve their deterrent effect.

(14)

Productivity growth in Finland continues to lag behind the growth in wages while international competitiveness has weakened, as is shown by a decreasing market share for Finnish exports. Whilst investment in research, development and innovation continues to be high, a critical issue remains the efficiency with which this research is translated into innovations and new high-growth companies, which can penetrate fast-growing export markets and strengthen international competitiveness. In the short term, Finland should implement recently adopted policies and measures to improve the research and innovation system such as the new action plan, and propose further reforms, where relevant, based upon existing evaluations and the foresight report currently under preparation. Prices for energy and labour have been identified among the input prices increasing the costs for the Finnish producers. Wage growth in recent years has been modest due to the current tripartite wage agreement which expires in 2013. It is of concern, therefore, that no new agreement has yet been concluded by the social partners.

(15)

In the context of the European Semester, the Commission has carried out a comprehensive analysis of Finland’s economic policy. It has assessed the National Reform Programme and Stability Programme, and presented an in-depth review. It has taken into account not only their relevance for sustainable fiscal and socioeconomic policy but also their compliance with EU rules and guidance, given the need to reinforce the overall economic governance of the Union by providing EU-level input into future national decisions. Its recommendations under the European Semester are reflected in recommendations (1) to (5) below.

(16)

In the light of this assessment, the Council has examined the Stability Programme, and its opinion (5) is reflected in particular in recommendation (1) below.

(17)

In the light of the Commission’s in-depth review and this assessment, the Council has examined the National Reform Programme and Stability Programme. Its recommendations under Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 are reflected in recommendations (3) to (5) below,

(18)

In the context of the European Semester the Commission has also carried out an analysis of the economic policy of the euro area as a whole. On this basis, the Council has issued specific recommendations addressed to the Member States whose currency is the euro (6). As a country whose currency is the euro, Finland should also ensure the full and timely implementation of those recommendations,

1.

Pursue a growth-friendly fiscal policy and preserve a sound fiscal position as envisaged, ensuring compliance with the MTO over the Programme horizon. Continue to carry out annual assessments of the size of the ageing-related sustainability gap and adjust public revenue and expenditure in accordance with long-term objectives and needs. Ensure the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of long-term care and put a stronger focus on prevention, rehabilitation and independent living.

2.

Ensure effective implementation of the on-going administrative reforms concerning the municipal structure, in order to deliver productivity gains and cost savings in the provision of public services, including social and healthcare services.

3.

Take further steps to increase the employment rate of older workers, including by improving their employability and reducing early exit pathways, increasing the effective retirement age by aligning the retirement age or pension benefits to changes in life expectancy. Implement and monitor closely the impact of ongoing measures to improve the labour-market position of young people and the long-term unemployed, with a particular focus on the development of job-relevant skills.

4.

Continue efforts to enhance competition in product and service markets, especially in the retail sector, by implementing the new programme on promoting healthy competition.

5.

Boost Finland’s capacity to deliver innovative products, services and high-growth companies in a rapidly changing environment, and continue the diversification of the industry; continue to improve overall energy efficiency in the economy. In the current low-growth environment, support the alignment of real wage and productivity developments whilst fully respecting the role of social partners, and in line with national practices.