02017R2196 — EN — 28.11.2017 — 000.001
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COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2196 of 24 November 2017 establishing a network code on electricity emergency and restoration (OJ L 312 28.11.2017, p. 54) |
Corrected by:
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2017/2196
of 24 November 2017
establishing a network code on electricity emergency and restoration
(Text with EEA relevance)
CHAPTER I
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
Subject matter
For the purposes of safeguarding operational security, preventing the propagation or deterioration of an incident to avoid a widespread disturbance and the blackout state as well to allow for the efficient and rapid restoration of the electricity system from the emergency or blackout states, this Regulation establishes a network code which lays down the requirements on:
the management by TSOs of the emergency, blackout and restoration states;
the coordination of system operation across the Union in the emergency, blackout and restoration states;
the simulations and tests to guarantee a reliable, efficient and fast restoration of the interconnected transmission systems to the normal state from the emergency or blackout states;
the tools and facilities needed to guarantee a reliable, efficient and fast restoration of the interconnected transmission systems to the normal state from the emergency or blackout states.
Article 2
Scope
In particular, this Regulation shall apply to the following SGUs:
existing and new power generating modules classified as type C and D in accordance with the criteria set out in Article 5 of Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 ( 3 );
existing and new power generating modules classified as type B in accordance with the criteria set out in Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2016/631, where they are identified as SGUs in accordance with Article 11(4) and Article 23(4);
existing and new transmission-connected demand facilities;
existing and new transmission connected closed distribution systems;
providers of redispatching of power generating modules or demand facilities by means of aggregation and providers of active power reserve in accordance with Title 8 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485; and
existing and new high voltage direct current (‘HVDC’) systems and direct current-connected power park modules in accordance with the criteria set out in Article 4(1) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1447 ( 4 ).
Article 3
Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation, the definitions provided for in Article 2 of Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 5 ), Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009, Article 2 of Commission Regulation (EU) No 543/2013 ( 6 ), Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2015/1222, Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/631, Article 2 of Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1388 ( 7 ), Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1447 Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1719, and Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 shall apply.
In addition, the following definitions shall apply:
‘defence service provider’ means a legal entity with a legal or contractual obligation to provide a service contributing to one or several measures of the system defence plan;
‘restoration service provider’ means a legal entity with a legal or contractual obligation to provide a service contributing to one or several measures of the restoration plan;
‘high priority significant grid user’ means the significant grid user for which special conditions apply for disconnection and re-energisation;
‘netted demand’ means the netted value of active power seen from a given point of the system, computed as (load — generation), generally expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), at a given instant or averaged over any designated interval of time;
‘restoration plan’ means all technical and organisational measures necessary for the restoration of the system back to normal state;
‘re-energisation’ means reconnecting generation and load to energise the parts of the system that have been disconnected;
‘top-down re-energisation strategy’ means a strategy that requires the assistance of other TSOs to re-energise parts of the system of a TSO;
‘bottom-up re-energisation strategy’ means a strategy where part of the system of a TSO can be re-energised without the assistance from other TSOs;
‘resynchronisation’ means synchronising and connecting again two synchronised regions at the resynchronisation point;
‘frequency leader’ means the TSO appointed and responsible for managing the system frequency within a synchronised region or a synchronous area in order to restore system frequency back to the nominal frequency;
‘synchronised region’ means the fraction of a synchronous area covered by interconnected TSOs with a common system frequency and which is not synchronised with the rest of the synchronous area;
‘resynchronisation leader’ means the TSO appointed and responsible for the resynchronisation of two synchronised regions;
‘resynchronisation point’ means the device used to connect two synchronised regions, usually a circuit breaker.
Article 4
Regulatory aspects
When applying this Regulation, Member States, regulatory authorities, competent entities and system operators shall:
apply the principles of proportionality and non-discrimination;
ensure transparency;
apply the principle of optimisation between the highest overall efficiency and lowest total costs for all parties involved;
ensure that TSOs make use of market-based mechanisms as far as is possible to ensure network security and stability;
respect technical, legal, personal safety and security constraints;
respect the responsibility assigned to the relevant TSO in order to ensure system security, including as required by national legislation;
consult with relevant DSOs and take account of potential impacts on their system; and
take into consideration agreed European standards and technical specifications.
Each TSO shall submit the following proposals to the relevant regulatory authority in accordance with Article 37 of Directive 2009/72/EC for approval:
the terms and conditions to act as defence service providers on a contractual basis in accordance with paragraph 4;
the terms and conditions to act as restoration service providers on a contractual basis in accordance with paragraph 4;
the list of SGUs responsible for implementing on their installations the measures that result from mandatory requirements set out in Regulations (EU) 2016/631, (EU) 2016/1388 and (EU) 2016/1447 and/or from national legislation and the list of the measures to be implemented by these SGUs, identified by the TSOs under Art. 11(4)(c) and 23(4)(c);
the list of high priority significant grid users referred to in Articles 11(4)(d) and 23(4)(d) or the principles applied to define those and the terms and conditions for disconnecting and re-energising the high priority grid users, unless defined by the national legislation of Member States.
the rules for suspension and restoration of market activities in accordance with Article 36(1);
specific rules for imbalance settlement and settlement of balancing energy in case of suspension of market activities, in accordance with Article 39(1);
the test plan in accordance with Article 43(2).
The terms and conditions to act as defence service provider and as restoration service provider shall be established either in the national legal framework or on a contractual basis. If established on a contractual basis, each TSO shall develop by 18 December 2018 a proposal for the relevant terms and conditions, which shall define at least:
the characteristics of the service to be provided;
the possibility of and conditions for aggregation; and
for restoration service providers, the target geographical distribution of power sources with black start and island operation capabilities.
By 18 December 2018, each TSO shall notify the regulatory authority or the entity designated by the Member State the system defence plan designed pursuant to Article 11 and the restoration plan designed pursuant to Article 23, or at least the following elements of those plans:
the objectives of the system defence plan and the restoration plan, including the phenomena to be managed or the situations to be solved;
the conditions triggering the activation of the measures of the system defence plan and the restoration plan;
the rationale of each measure, explaining how it contributes to the objectives of the system defence plan and the restoration plan, and the party responsible for implementing those measures; and
the deadlines set out pursuant to Articles 11 and 23 for the implementation of the measures.
Article 5
Consultation and coordination
Where this Regulation provides that a TSO shall consult concerned parties for actions it defines before real-time or in real-time, the following procedure shall apply:
the TSO shall liaise with at least the parties identified in the Articles of this Regulation requiring consultation;
the TSO shall explain the rationale and objective of the consultation and of the decision that it has to take;
the TSO shall collect from the parties referred to in point (a) any relevant information and their assessment;
the TSO shall duly take into account the views, situations and constraints of the parties consulted;
before taking a decision, the TSO shall provide an explanation to the parties consulted of the reasons for following or not their views.
Where this Regulation provides that a TSO shall coordinate the execution of a set of actions in real-time with several parties, the following procedure shall apply:
the TSO shall liaise at least with the parties identified in the Articles of this Regulation requiring real time coordination;
the TSO shall explain the rationale and objective of the coordination and of the actions to be taken;
the TSO shall make an initial proposal on actions to be taken by each party;
the TSO shall collect from the parties referred to in point (a) any relevant information and their assessment;
the TSO shall make a final proposal on actions to be taken by each party, duly taking into account the views, situations and constraints of the concerned parties and setting a deadline for parties to express their opposition to the actions proposed by the TSO;
where the concerned parties do not oppose executing the actions proposed by the TSO, each party, including the TSO, shall execute the actions in line with the proposal;
where one or more of the parties refuse the action proposed by the TSO within the set deadline, the TSO shall refer the action proposed to the relevant authority for decision, together with a justification of the rationale and objectives of the action proposed by the TSO and of the assessment and position of the parties;
if real-time referral to the relevant authority is not possible, the TSO shall initiate an equivalent action that has the least or no impact on the parties that refused to execute the action proposed.
Article 6
Regional coordination
When designing its system defence plan pursuant to Article 11 and its restoration plan pursuant to Article 23 or when reviewing its system defence plan pursuant to Article 50 and its restoration plan pursuant to Article 51, each TSO shall ensure the consistency with the corresponding measures in the plans of TSOs within its synchronous area and in the plans of neighbouring TSOs belonging to another synchronous area of at least the following measures:
inter-TSO assistance and coordination in emergency state, pursuant to Article 14;
frequency management procedures, pursuant to Article 18 and Article 28, excluding the establishment of target frequency in case of bottom-up re-energisation strategy before any resynchronisation to the interconnected transmission system;
assistance for active power procedure, pursuant to Article 21;
top-down re-energisation strategy, pursuant to Article 27.
The consistency assessment of the system defence plan and the restoration plan in accordance with paragraph 1 shall include the following tasks:
exchange of information and data related to the measures referred to in paragraph 1 among the TSOs concerned;
identification of incompatibilities of measures referred to in paragraph 1, in the plans of the involved TSOs;
identification of potential threats to operational security in the capacity calculation region. These threats include, inter alia, regional common mode failures with significant impact on the transmission systems of the involved TSOs;
assessment of the effectiveness of measures referred to in paragraph 1 specified in the system defence plans and the restoration plans of the involved TSOs, to manage the potential threats referred to in point (c);
consultation with RSCs to assess the consistency of measures referred to in paragraph 1 within the entire concerned synchronous area;
identification of mitigation actions in case of incompatibilities in the system defence plans and the restoration plans of the involved TSOs or in case that measures are missing in the system defence plans and the restoration plans of the involved TSOs.
Article 7
Public consultation
Article 8
Recovery of costs
Article 9
Confidentiality obligations
Article 10
Agreement with TSOs not bound by this Regulation
Where a synchronous area encompasses both Union and third country TSOs, by 18 June 2019, all Union TSOs in that synchronous area shall endeavour to conclude with the third country TSOs not bound by this Regulation an agreement setting the basis for their cooperation concerning secure system operation and setting out arrangements for the compliance of the third country TSOs with the obligations set in this Regulation.
CHAPTER II
SYSTEM DEFENCE PLAN
SECTION 1
General provisions
Article 11
Design of the system defence plan
When designing its system defence plan, each TSO shall take into account at least the following elements:
the operational security limits set out in accordance with Article 25 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485;
the behaviour and capabilities of load and generation within the synchronous area;
the specific needs of the high priority significant grid users listed pursuant to point (d) of paragraph 4; and
the characteristics of its transmission system and of the underlying DSOs systems.
The system defence plan shall contain at least the following provisions:
the conditions under which the system defence plan is activated, in accordance with Article 13;
the system defence plan instructions to be issued by the TSO; and
the measures subject to real-time consultation or coordination with the identified parties.
In particular, the system defence plan shall include the following elements:
a list of the measures to be implemented by the TSO on its installations;
a list of the measures to be implemented by DSOs and of the DSOs responsible for implementing those measures on their installations;
a list of the SGUs responsible for implementing on their installations the measures that result from the mandatory requirements set out in Regulation (EU) 2016/631, (EU) 2016/1388 and (EU) 2016/1447 or from national legislation and a list of the measures to be implemented by those SGUs;
a list of high priority significant grid users and the terms and conditions for their disconnection, and
the implementation deadlines for each measure listed in the system defence plan.
The system defence plan shall include at least the following technical and organisational measures specified in Section 2 of Chapter II:
system protection schemes including at least:
automatic under-frequency control scheme in accordance with Article 15;
automatic over-frequency control scheme in accordance with Article 16; and
automatic scheme against voltage collapse in accordance with Article 17.
system defence plan procedures, including at least:
frequency deviation management procedure in accordance with Article 18;
voltage deviation management procedure in accordance with Article 19;
power flow management procedure in accordance with Article 20;
assistance for active power procedure in accordance with Article 21; and
manual demand disconnection procedure in accordance with Article 22.
The measures contained in the system defence plan shall comply with the following principles:
their impact on the system users shall be minimal;
they shall be economically efficient;
only those measures that are necessary shall be activated; and
they shall not lead the TSO's transmission system or the interconnected transmission systems into emergency state or blackout state.
Article 12
Implementation of the system defence plan
By 18 December 2018 each TSO shall notify the transmission connected DSOs of the measures, including the deadlines for implementation, which are to be implemented on:
the DSO's installations pursuant to Article 11(4); or
the installations of SGUs identified pursuant to Article 11(4) connected to their distribution systems; or
the installations of defence service providers connected to their distribution systems; or
the installations of DSOs connected to their distribution systems.
Each notified DSO, SGU and defence service provider shall:
implement the measures notified pursuant to this Article no later than 12 months from the date of notification;
confirm the implementation of the measures to the notifying system operator, who shall, when different from the TSO, notify the confirmation to the TSO; and
maintain the measures implemented on its installations.
Article 13
Activation of the system defence plan
In addition to the automatically activated schemes of the system defence plan, pursuant to point (a) of Article 11(5), each TSO shall activate a procedure of the system defence plan when:
the system is in emergency state in accordance with the criteria set out in Article 18(3) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 and there are no remedial actions available to restore the system to the normal state; or
based on the operational security analysis, the operational security of the transmission system requires the activation of a measure of the system defence plan pursuant to Article 11(5) in addition to the available remedial actions.
Article 14
Inter-TSO assistance and coordination in emergency state
When the assistance needs to be provided through direct current interconnectors, it may consist in carrying out the following actions, taking into account the technical characteristics and capability of HVDC system:
manual regulation actions of the transmitted active power to help the TSO in emergency state to bring power flows within operational security limits or frequency of neighbouring synchronous area within system frequency limits for alert state defined pursuant to Article 18(2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485;
automatic control functions of the transmitted active power based on the signals and criteria set out in Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1447;
automatic frequency control pursuant to Articles 15 to 18 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1447 in case of islanded operation;
voltage and reactive power control pursuant to Article 24 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1447, and
any other appropriate action.
Each TSO may proceed to a manual disconnection of any transmission system element having a significant cross-border impact, including an interconnector, subject to the following requirements:
the TSO shall coordinate with neighbouring TSOs; and
this action shall not lead the remaining interconnected transmission system into emergency state or blackout state.
SECTION 2
Measures of the System Defence Plan
Article 15
Automatic under-frequency control scheme
Prior to the activation of the automatic low frequency demand disconnection scheme, each TSO and DSO identified pursuant to Article 11(4) shall foresee that energy storage units acting as load connected to its system:
automatically switch to generation mode within the time limit and at an active power set-point established by the TSO in the system defence plan; or
when the energy storage unit is not capable of switching within the time limit established by the TSO in the system defence plan, automatically disconnect the energy storage unit acting as load.
When implementing the scheme for the automatic low frequency demand disconnection pursuant to the notification under Article 12(2), each TSO or DSO shall:
avoid setting an intentional time delay in addition to the operating time of the relays and circuit breakers;
minimise the disconnection of power generating modules, especially those providing inertia; and
limit the risk that the scheme leads to power flow deviations and voltage deviations outside operational security limits.
If a DSO cannot fulfil the requirements under points (b) and (c), it shall notify the TSO and propose which requirement shall apply. The TSO, in consultation with the DSO shall establish the applicable requirements based on a joint cost-benefit analysis.
The scheme for the automatic low frequency demand disconnection of the system defence plan may provide for netted demand disconnection based on frequency gradient provided that:
it is activated only:
when the frequency deviation is higher than the maximum steady state frequency deviation and the frequency gradient is higher than the one produced by the reference incident;
until the frequency reaches the frequency of the demand disconnection starting mandatory level;
it complies with the Annex; and
it is necessary and justified in order to maintain efficiently the operational security.
Article 16
Automatic over-frequency control scheme
In consultation with the other TSOs of its synchronous area, each TSO shall set out the following parameters of its scheme for automatic over-frequency control:
the frequency thresholds for its activation; and
the reduction ratio of injection of active power.
Article 17
Automatic scheme against voltage collapse
The automatic scheme against voltage collapse of the system defence plan may include one or more of the following schemes, depending on the results of a TSO's assessment of system security:
a scheme for low voltage demand disconnection according to Article 19(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388;
a blocking scheme for on load tap changer according to Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388; and
system protection schemes for voltage management.
Unless the assessment pursuant to paragraph 1 demonstrates that implementing a blocking scheme for on load tap changer is not necessary to prevent a voltage collapse in the TSO control area, the TSO shall establish the conditions under which the on load tap changer shall block according to Article 19(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388, including at least:
the blocking method (local or remote from control room);
the voltage level threshold at the connection point;
the flow direction of reactive power; and
the maximum lapse of time between the detection of the threshold and the blocking.
Article 18
Frequency deviation management procedure
The procedure for the management of frequency deviations of the system defence plan shall contain a set of measures to manage a frequency deviation outside the frequency limits defined for the alert state in Article 18(2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485. The frequency deviation management procedure shall be in line with the procedures set out for remedial actions which need to be managed in a coordinated way in accordance with Article 78(4) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 and shall fulfil at least the following requirements:
a decrease of generation shall be smaller than the decrease of load during under-frequency events; and
a decrease of generation shall be greater than the decrease of load during over-frequency events.
Prior to the activation of the automatic low frequency demand disconnection scheme set out in Article 15 and provided that the rate of change of frequency allows it, each TSO shall, directly or indirectly through DSOs, activate demand response from the relevant defence service providers and:
switch energy storage units acting as load to generation mode at an active power set-point established by the TSO in the system defence plan; or
when the energy storage unit is not capable of switching fast enough to stabilise frequency, manually disconnect the energy storage unit.
Article 19
Voltage deviation management procedure
Article 20
Power flow management procedure
Article 21
Assistance for active power procedure
In case of absence of control area adequacy in the day-ahead or intraday timeframe, identified pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 107 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485, and prior to any potential suspension of market activities pursuant to Article 35, a TSO shall be entitled to request assistance for active power from:
any balancing service provider, which, upon the TSO request, shall change its availability status to make available all its active power, provided it was not already activated through the balancing market, and conforming to its technical constraints;
any SGU connected in its LFC area, which does not already provide a balancing service to the TSO, and which, upon the TSO request, shall make available all its active power, conforming to its technical constraints; and
other TSOs that are in the normal or alert state.
Each TSO who has been subject to a request for assistance for active power pursuant to paragraph 1(c) shall:
make available its unshared bids;
be entitled to activate the available balancing energy, in order to provide the corresponding power to the requesting TSO; and
be entitled to request the assistance for active power from its balancing service providers and from any SGU connected in its LFC area which does not already provide a balancing service to the TSO, in order to provide the corresponding assistance for active power to the requesting TSO.
When activating the active power requested pursuant to paragraph 1(c), the requesting and the requested TSOs shall be entitled to use:
available cross-zonal capacity in case the activation is made before the intraday cross-zonal gate closure time and if the provision of concerned cross-zonal capacities has not been suspended pursuant to Article 35;
additional capacity that may be available due to real-time status of the system in which case the requesting and the requested TSOs shall coordinate with other significantly affected TSOs in accordance with Article 6(5).
Article 22
Manual demand disconnection procedure
The TSO shall activate the manual disconnection of the netted demand referred to in paragraph 1 to:
resolve overloads or under voltage situations; or
resolve situations in which assistance for active power pursuant to Article 21 has been requested but is not sufficient to maintain adequacy in day-ahead and intraday timeframes in its control area, pursuant to Article 107 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485, leading to a risk of frequency deterioration in the synchronous area.
CHAPTER III
RESTORATION PLAN
SECTION 1
General provisions
Article 23
Design of the restoration plan
When designing its restoration plan, each TSO shall take into account, at least, the following elements:
the behaviour and capabilities of load and generation;
the specific needs of the high priority significant grid users listed pursuant to paragraph (4); and
the characteristics of its network and of the underlying DSOs networks.
The restoration plan shall contain at least the following provisions:
the conditions under which the restoration plan is activated, as provided for in Article 25;
restoration plan instructions to be issued by the TSO; and
measures subject to real-time consultation or coordination with identified parties.
In particular, the restoration plan shall include the following elements:
a list of the measures to be implemented by the TSO on its installations;
a list of the measures to be implemented by DSOs and of the DSOs responsible for implementing those measures on their installations;
a list of the SGUs responsible for implementing on their installations the measures that result from mandatory requirements set out in Regulations (EU) 2016/631, (EU) 2016/1388 and (EU) 2016/1447 or from national legislation and a list of the measures to be implemented by those SGUs;
the list of high priority significant grid users and the terms and conditions for their disconnection and re-energisation;
a list of substations which are essential for its restoration plan procedures;
the number of power sources in the TSO's control area necessary to re-energise its system with bottom-up re-energisation strategy having black start capability, quick re-synchronisation capability (through houseload operation) and island operation capability; and
the implementation deadlines for each listed measure.
The restoration plan shall include at least the following technical and organisational measures specified in Chapter III:
re-energisation procedure, in accordance with Section 2;
frequency management procedure, in accordance with Section 3; and
resynchronisation procedure, in accordance with Section 4.
The measures contained in the restoration plan shall comply with the following principles:
their impact on system users shall be minimal;
they shall be economically efficient;
only those measures that are necessary shall be activated; and
they shall not lead the interconnected transmission systems into emergency state or blackout state.
Article 24
Implementation of the restoration plan
By 18 December 2018 each TSO shall notify the transmission connected DSOs of the measures, including the deadlines for implementation, which are to be implemented on:
the DSO's installations pursuant to Article 23(4); and
the installations of SGUs identified pursuant to Article 23(4) and connected to their distribution systems; and
the installations of restoration service providers connected to their distribution systems; and
the installations of DSOs connected to their distribution systems.
Each notified DSO, SGUs and restoration service provider shall:
implement the measures notified no later than 12 months from the date of notification;
confirm the implementation of the measures to the notifying system operator, who shall, when different from the TSO, notify the TSO; and
maintain the measures implemented on its installations.
Article 25
Activation of the restoration plan
Each TSO shall activate the procedures of its restoration plan in coordination with the DSOs and SGUs identified pursuant to Article 23(4) and with restoration service providers in the following cases:
when the system is in the emergency state in accordance with the criteria in Article 18(3) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485, once the system is stabilised following activation of the measures of the system defence plan; or
when the system is in the blackout state in accordance with the criteria in Article 18(4) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485.
During system restoration, each TSO shall identify and monitor:
the extent and borders of the synchronised region or synchronised regions to which its control area belongs;
the TSOs with which it shares a synchronised region or synchronised regions; and
the available active power reserves in its control area.
SECTION 2
Re-energisation
Article 26
Re-energisation procedure
The re-energisation procedure of the restoration plan shall contain a set of measures allowing the TSO to apply:
a top-down re-energisation strategy; and
a bottom-up re-energisation strategy.
Regarding the bottom-up re-energisation strategy, the re-energisation procedure shall contain at least measures for:
managing voltage and frequency deviations due to re-energisation;
monitoring and managing island operation; and
resynchronising island operation areas.
Article 27
Activation of the re-energisation procedure
When activating the re-energisation procedure, each TSO shall set up the strategy to be applied, taking into account:
the availability of power sources capable of re-energisation in its control area;
the expected duration and risks of possible re-energisation strategies;
the conditions of the power systems;
the conditions of the directly connected systems, including at least the status of interconnectors;
the high priority significant grid users listed pursuant to Article 23(4); and
the possibility to combine top-down and bottom-up re-energisation strategies.
SECTION 3
Frequency management
Article 28
Frequency management procedure
Each TSO shall activate its frequency management procedure:
in preparation of the resynchronisation procedure, when a synchronous area is split in several synchronised regions;
in case of frequency deviation in the synchronous area; or
in case of re-energisation.
The frequency management procedure shall include at least:
a list of actions regarding the setting of the load-frequency controller before the appointment of frequency leaders;
the appointment of frequency leaders;
the establishment of target frequency in case of bottom-up re-energisation strategy;
frequency management after frequency deviation; and
frequency management after synchronous area split.
the determination of the amount of load and generation to be reconnected, taking into account the available active power reserves within the synchronised region in order to avoid major frequency deviations.
Article 29
Appointment of a frequency leader
The TSO with the highest real-time estimated K-factor shall be appointed as the frequency leader, unless the TSOs of the synchronised region, or of the synchronous area, agree to appoint another TSO as the frequency leader. In that case, the TSOs of the synchronised region, or of the synchronous area, shall consider the following criteria:
the amount of available active power reserves and especially frequency restoration reserves;
the capacities available on interconnectors;
the availability of frequency measurements of TSOs of the synchronised region or of the synchronous area; and
the availability of measurements on critical elements within the synchronised region or the synchronous area.
The appointed frequency leader shall act as such until:
another frequency leader is appointed for its synchronised region;
a new frequency leader is appointed as the result of resynchronisation of its synchronised region with another synchronised region; or
the synchronous area has been completely resynchronised, the system frequency is within the standard frequency range and the LFC operated by each TSO of the synchronous area is back to its normal operating mode in accordance with Article 18(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485.
Article 30
Frequency management after frequency deviation
Article 31
Frequency management after synchronous area split
SECTION 4
Resynchronisation
Article 32
Resynchronisation procedure
The resynchronisation procedure of the restoration plan shall include, at least:
the appointment of a resynchronisation leader;
the measures allowing the TSO to apply a resynchronisation strategy; and
the maximum limits for phase angle, frequency and voltage differences for connecting lines.
Article 33
Appointment of a resynchronisation leader
For each pair of synchronised regions to be resynchronised, the resynchronisation leader shall be the TSO that:
has in operation at least one substation equipped with a parallel switching device on the border between the two synchronised regions to be resynchronised;
has access to the frequency measurements from both synchronised regions;
has access to the voltage measurements on the substations between which potential resynchronisation points are located; and
is able to control the voltage of potential resynchronisation points.
The appointed resynchronisation leader shall act as such until:
another resynchronisation leader is appointed for the two synchronised regions; or
the two synchronised regions have been resynchronised, and all the steps in Article 34 have been completed.
Article 34
Resynchronisation strategy
Prior to the resynchronisation, the resynchronisation leader shall:
establish, in accordance with the maximum limits referred to in Article 32:
the target value of the frequency for resynchronisation;
the maximum frequency difference between the two synchronised regions;
the maximum active and reactive power exchange; and
the operating mode to be applied on the LFC;
select the resynchronisation point, taking into account the operational security limits in the synchronised regions;
establish and prepare all necessary actions for the resynchronisation of the two synchronised regions at the resynchronisation point;
establish and prepare a subsequent set of actions to create additional connections between the synchronised regions; and
assess the readiness of the synchronised regions for resynchronisation, taking into account the conditions set out in point (a).
CHAPTER IV
MARKET INTERACTIONS
Article 35
Procedure for suspension of market activities
A TSO may temporarily suspend one or more market activities laid down in paragraph 2 where:
the transmission system of the TSO is in blackout state; or
the TSO has exhausted all options provided by the market and the continuation of market activities under the emergency state would deteriorate one or more of the conditions referred to in Article 18(3) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485; or
the continuation of market activities would decrease significantly the effectiveness of the restoration process to the normal or alert state; or
tools and communication means necessary for the TSOs to facilitate market activities are not available.
The following market activities may be suspended pursuant to paragraph 1:
the provision of cross zonal capacity for capacity allocation on the corresponding bidding zone borders for each market time unit where it is expected that the transmission system shall not be restored to the normal or alert state;
the submission by a balancing service provider of balancing capacity and balancing energy bids;
the provision by a balance responsible party of a balanced position at the end of the day-ahead timeframe if required by the terms and conditions related to balancing;
the provision of modifications of the position of balance responsible parties;
the provision of schedules referred to in Article 111(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485, and
other relevant market activities the suspension of which is deemed necessary to preserve and/or restore the system.
When suspending market activities pursuant to paragraph 1, the TSO shall coordinate at least with the following parties:
the TSOs of the capacity calculation regions of which the TSO is a member of;
the TSOs with which the TSO has arrangements for the coordination of balancing;
the ‘NEMO’ and other entities assigned or delegated to execute market functions in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 within its control area;
the TSOs of a load-frequency control block of which the TSO is a member of; and
the coordinated capacity calculator of the capacity calculation regions of which the TSO is a member of.
Article 36
Rules for suspension and restoration of market activities
The rules for suspension and restoration of market activities shall be compatible to the extent possible with:
the rules on provision of cross zonal capacity within the concerned capacity calculation regions;
the rules for submission by balancing service providers of balancing capacity and balancing energy bids resulting from arrangements with other TSOs for the coordination of balancing;
the rules for provision by balance responsible party of a balanced position at the end of day-ahead timeframe if required by the terms and conditions related to balancing;
rules for provision of modifications of the position of balance responsible parties; and
the rules for provision of schedules referred to in Article 111(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485.
When developing the rules for suspension and restoration of market activities, each TSO shall convert the situations referred to in Article 35(1) into objectively defined parameters taking into account the following factors:
the percentage of load disconnection in the LFC area of the TSO corresponding to:
the inability of a significant share of balancing responsible parties to maintain their balance; or
the necessity for the TSO not to follow the usual balancing processes to perform an efficient re-energisation;
the percentage of generation disconnection in the LFC area of the TSO corresponding to the inability of a significant share of balancing responsible parties to maintain their balance;
the share and geographic distribution of unavailable transmission system elements corresponding to:
the desynchronisation of a significant part of the LFC area rendering the usual balancing processes counterproductive; or
the reduction to zero of cross zonal capacity on a bidding zone border(s);
the inability of the following affected entities to execute their market activities for reason(s) outside their control:
balance responsible parties;
balancing service providers;
NEMOs and other entities assigned or delegated to execute market functions pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/1222;
transmission connected DSOs;
the absence of properly functioning tools and communication means necessary to perform:
the single day-ahead or intraday coupling or any explicit capacity allocation mechanism; or
the frequency restoration process; or
the reserve replacement process; or
the provision by balance responsible party of a balanced position in day ahead and the provision of change of its position; or
the provision of schedules referred to in Article 111(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485.
Article 37
Procedure for restoration of market activities
The concerned TSO, in coordination with the NEMO(s) active in its control area and with the neighbouring TSOs, shall launch the procedure for the restoration of market activities suspended pursuant to Article 35(1) when:
the situation triggering the suspension has ended and no other situation referred to in Article 35(1) applies; and
the entities referred to in Article 38(2) have been duly informed in advance in accordance with Article 38.
When the provision of cross zonal capacity has been suspended and subsequently restored, each concerned TSO shall update the cross zonal capacities for capacity allocation by using, from the following, the most feasible and efficient option for each market time unit:
by using the latest available cross zonal capacities calculated by the coordinated capacity calculator;
by launching the regional capacity calculation processes applicable in accordance with Articles 29 and 30 of Regulation (EU) 2015/1222; or,
by determining, in coordination with TSOs of the capacity calculation region, cross zonal capacities based on the actual physical network conditions.
Article 38
Communication procedure
The communication procedure shall provide that information is sent, simultaneously, to the following entities:
the parties referred to in Article 35(5);
the balance responsible parties;
the balancing service providers;
the transmission connected DSOs; and
the relevant regulatory authority of the concerned Member States in accordance with Article 37 of Directive 2009/72/EC.
The communication procedure shall include at least the following steps:
the notification by the TSO that market activities have been suspended in accordance with Article 35;
the notification by the TSO of best estimate for the time and date for transmission system restoration;
the notification by the NEMO and other entities designated to execute market functions according to Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 and to Regulation (EU) 2016/1719 of the suspension of their activities, if any;
the updates by the TSOs on the process for restoration of the transmission system;
the notification by the entities referred to in points (a) to (d) of paragraph 2, that their market tools and communication systems are operational;
the notification by the TSO(s) that the transmission system has been restored back to normal state or alert state;
the notification by the NEMO and other entities assigned or delegated to execute market functions according to Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of the best estimate for time and date when market activities will be restored; and
the confirmation by the NEMO and other entities assigned or delegated to execute market functions according to Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 that market activities have been restored.
Article 39
Rules for settlement in case of suspension of market activities
The TSO shall publish these rules on its website following their approval by the relevant regulatory authority in accordance with Article 37 of Directive 2009/72/EC.
A TSO may delegate the TSO's tasks referred to in this Article to one or more third parties, provided that the third party can carry out the respective function at least as effectively as the TSO(s). A Member State or, where applicable, a regulatory authority, may assign the tasks referred to in this Article to one or more third parties, provided that the third party can carry out the respective function at least as effectively as the TSO(s).
The rules developed in accordance with paragraph 1 shall:
ensure the financial neutrality of each TSO and relevant third party referred to in paragraph 1;
avoid distortions of incentives or counterproductive incentives to balance responsible parties, balance service providers and TSOs;
incentivise balance responsible parties to strive to be balanced or help the system to restore its balance;
avoid any financial penalties imposed on balance responsible parties and balancing service providers due to the execution of the actions requested by the TSO;
discourage TSOs from suspending market activities, unless strictly necessary, and incentivise TSOs to restore the market activities as soon as possible; and
incentivise balance service providers to offer services to the connecting TSO that helps restore the system to normal state.
CHAPTER V
INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND COMMUNICATION, TOOLS AND FACILITIES
Article 40
Information exchange
In addition to the provisions of Articles 40 to 53 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485, each TSO, when in the emergency, blackout or restoration states, shall be entitled to gather the following information:
from DSOs identified in accordance with Article 23(4), the necessary information about at least:
the part of their network that is in island operation;
the ability to synchronise parts of their network that is in island operation; and
the capability to start island operation.
from SGUs identified in accordance with Article 23(4) and restoration service providers, information about at least the following conditions:
the current status of the installation;
the operational limits;
the full activation time and the time to increase generation; and
the time critical processes.
During the emergency, blackout or restoration states, each TSO shall provide in due time and for the purposes of system defence plan procedures and restoration plan procedures, the following information, where available to the TSO:
to neighbouring TSOs, information about at least:
the extent and borders of the synchronised region or synchronised regions to which its control area belongs;
the restrictions to operate the synchronised region;
the maximum duration and amount of active and reactive power that can be supplied via interconnectors; and
any other technical or organisational restrictions;
to the frequency leader of its synchronised region, information about at least:
the restrictions to maintain island operation;
the available additional load and generation; and
the availability of operational reserves;
to transmission connected DSOs identified in accordance with Article 11(4) and 23(4), information about at least:
the system state of its transmission system;
the limits of active and reactive power, block loading, tap and circuit breaker position at the connection points;
the information on the current and planned status of power generating modules connected to the DSO, if not available to the DSO directly; and
all necessary information leading to further coordination with distribution connected parties;
to defence service providers, information about at least:
the system state of its transmission system; and
the scheduled measures that require participation of the defence service providers;
to DSOs and SGUs identified pursuant to Article 23(4) and to restoration service providers, information about at least:
the system state of its transmission system;
the ability and plans to re-energise couplings; and
the scheduled measures that require their participation.
TSOs in emergency, blackout or restoration state shall exchange among themselves information concerning, at least:
the circumstances that led to the current system state of its transmission system, to the extent that they are known; and
the potential problems making assistance for active power necessary.
A TSO in emergency, blackout or restoration state shall provide, in due time, information about the system state of its transmission system and, where available, additional information explaining the situation on the transmission system:
to the NEMO(s), who shall make this information available to their market participants, as provided for in Article 38;
to its relevant regulatory authority in accordance with Article 37 of Directive 2009/72/EC, or when explicitly provided for in national law, to the entities referred to in Article 4(3); and
to any other relevant party, as appropriate.
Article 41
Communication systems
Article 42
Tools and facilities
CHAPTER VI
COMPLIANCE AND REVIEW
SECTION 1
Compliance testing of TSO, DSO and SGU capabilities
Article 43
General principles
Article 44
Compliance testing of power generating module capabilities
Article 45
Compliance testing of demand facilities providing demand side response
Article 46
Compliance testing of HVDC capabilities
Each restoration service provider which is an HVDC system delivering a black start service shall execute a black start capability test, at least every three years, following the methodology laid down in Article 70(11) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1447.
Article 47
Compliance testing of low frequency demand disconnection relays
Each DSO and TSO shall execute testing on the low frequency demand disconnection relays implemented on its installations, within a period to be defined at national level and following the methodology laid down in Article 37(6) and Article 39(5) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1388.
Article 48
Testing of communication systems
Article 49
Testing of tools and facilities
SECTION 2
Compliance testing and review of system defence plans and restoration plans
Article 50
Compliance testing and periodic review of the system defence plan
Each TSO shall review, at least every five years, its complete system defence plan to assess its effectiveness. The TSO shall in this review take into account at least:
the development and evolution of its network since the last review or first design;
the capabilities of new equipment installed on the transmission and distribution systems since the last review or first design;
the SGUs commissioned since the last review or first design, their capabilities and relevant services offered;
the tests carried out and the analysis of system incidents pursuant to Article 56(5) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1485; and
the operational data collected during normal operation and after disturbance.
Article 51
Compliance testing and periodic review of the restoration plan
Each TSO shall review the measures of its restoration plan using computer simulation tests, using data from the DSOs identified pursuant to Article 23(4) and the restoration service providers, at least every five years. The TSO shall define these simulation tests in a dedicated testing procedure covering at least:
the energising restoration path from restoration service providers with black start or island operation capabilities;
the supply of power generating modules main auxiliaries;
the demand reconnection process; and
the process for resynchronisation of networks in island operation.
CHAPTER VII
IMPLEMENTATION
Article 52
Monitoring
ENTSO for Electricity shall monitor the implementation of this Regulation in accordance with Article 8(8) of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009. Monitoring shall cover in particular the following matters:
identification of any divergences in the national implementation of this Regulation for the items listed in Article 4(2);
consistency assessment of system defence plans and restoration plans carried out by TSOs in accordance with Article 6;
thresholds above which the impact of actions of one or more TSOs in the emergency, blackout or restoration states is considered significant for other TSOs within the capacity calculation region in accordance with Article 6;
the level of harmonisation of the rules for suspension and restoration of market activities established by the TSOs in accordance with Article 36(1) and for the purposes of the report provided for in Article 36(7);
the level of harmonisation of the rules for imbalance settlement and settlement of balancing energy in case of market suspension, referred to in Article 39.
Article 53
Stakeholder involvement
The Agency, in close cooperation with ENTSO for Electricity, shall organise stakeholder involvement regarding the implementation of this Regulation. Such involvement shall include regular meetings with stakeholders to identify problems and propose improvements related to the requirements of this Regulation.
CHAPTER VIII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 54
Amendments to contracts and general terms and conditions
All relevant clauses in contracts and general terms and conditions of TSOs, DSOs and SGUs relating to system operation shall comply with the requirements of this Regulation. To that effect, those contracts and general terms and conditions shall be modified accordingly.
Article 55
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 15(5) to (8), Article 41 and Article 42(1), (2) and (5) shall apply from 18 December 2022.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
ANNEX
Automatic low frequency demand disconnection scheme characteristics:
Parameter |
Values SA Continental Europe |
Values SA Nordic |
Values SA Great Britain |
Values SA Ireland |
Measuring Unit |
Demand disconnection starting mandatory level: Frequency |
49 |
48,7 – 48,8 |
48,8 |
48,85 |
Hz |
Demand disconnection starting mandatory level: Demand to be disconnected |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
% of the Total Load at national level |
Demand disconnection final mandatory level: Frequency |
48 |
48 |
48 |
48,5 |
Hz |
Demand disconnection final mandatory level: Cumulative Demand to be disconnected |
45 |
30 |
50 |
60 |
% of the Total Load at national level |
Implementation range |
± 7 |
± 10 |
± 10 |
± 7 |
% of the Total Load at national level, for a given Frequency |
Minimum number of steps to reach the final mandatory level |
6 |
2 |
4 |
6 |
Number of steps |
Maximum Demand disconnection for each step |
10 |
15 |
10 |
12 |
% of the Total Load at national level, for a given step |
( 1 ) Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of 24 July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management (OJ L 197, 25.7.2015, p. 24).
( 2 ) Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1719 of 26 September 2016 establishing a guideline on forward capacity allocation (OJ L 259, 27.9.2016, p. 42).
( 3 ) Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 of 14 April 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of generators (OJ L 112, 27.4.2016, p. 1).
( 4 ) Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1447 of 26 August 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of high voltage direct current systems and direct current-connected power park modules (OJ L 241, 8.9.2016, p. 1).
( 5 ) Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC (OJ L 211, 14.8.2009, p. 55).
( 6 ) Commission Regulation (EU) No 543/2013 of 14 June 2013 on submission and publication of data in electricity markets and amending Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 163, 15.6.2013, p. 1).
( 7 ) Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/1388 of 17 August 2016 establishing a network code on demand connection (OJ L 223, 18.8.2016, p. 10).