1.

Vehicles shall be designed and constructed in order to be sufficiently robust to withstand their intended use over their normal lifetime, taking into account regular and scheduled maintenance and specific equipment adjustments clearly and unambiguously set out in the operator’s manual provided with the vehicle. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide a signed statement to this effect.

2.

Vehicle assembly and construction in the assembly plants, in particular the processes relating to the vehicle frame, chassis and body and the drivetrain, shall be covered by a quality assurance system to ensure that essential mechanical connections, such as welds and threaded connections, as well as other relevant material characteristics, are checked and verified as appropriate.

3.

The approval authority shall verify the quality assurance system as part of the conformity of production arrangements referred to in Article 28 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

4.

The type-approval authority shall verify that in the event of a recall due to a serious safety risk, specific analysis of vehicle structures, components and/or parts by means of engineering calculations, virtual testing methods and/or structural testing can upon request be made available without delay to the approval authority and the European Commission.

5.

Vehicle type-approval shall not be granted if there is reason to doubt that the vehicle manufacturer is able to make available the analysis referred to in point 4. This doubt could relate either to the accessibility or the existence of such analysis (e.g. application for type-approval of a limited batch of vehicles from a non-established manufacturer represented by a party unlikely to have any meaningful access to such analysis).

1.1.

‘Speed governor’ means a device used to measure and regulate the speed of the engine and/or vehicle.

1.2.

‘Powertrain’ means a group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, including the engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials and drive wheels or tracks.

1.3.

‘Tampering’ means unauthorised modifications which may prejudice functional safety, in particular by increasing vehicle performance, and damage the environment.

1.4.

‘Speed limitation device’ means a device whose primary function is to control the fuel feed to the engine in order to limit the vehicle speed to the specified value.

2.1.

For the type-approval tests, the average speed shall be measured on a straight track, which the tractor shall traverse in both directions from a flying start. The soil of the track shall be stabilised; the track shall be flat and at least 100 metres long; however, it may include slopes of not more than 1,5 %.

2.2.

During the test, the tractor shall be unladen and in running order without ballast weights or special equipment and the tyre pressures shall be those specified for road use.

2.3.

During the test the tractor shall be fitted with new pneumatic tyres having the greatest tyre rolling radius, expressed by the speed radius index, intended by the manufacturer for the tractor.

2.4.

The gear ratio used during the test shall be that producing the maximum vehicle speed and the throttle shall be fully open.

2.5.

In order to take account of various unavoidable errors due, in particular, to the measuring technique and to the increase in running speed of the engine with a partial load, a measured speed exceeding the value for the maximum design speed by 3 km/h shall be acceptable for the type-approval test. An additional 5 % tolerance shall be permitted in order to take into account variations due to tyre size.

2.6.

In order for approval authorities may calculate their maximum theoretical speed, the manufacturer shall specify as a guide the gear ratio, the actual forward movement of the powered wheels corresponding to one complete revolution, and the rpm at maximum power output with the throttle fully open and the speed governor, if fitted, adjusted as laid down by the manufacturer. The maximum theoretical speed shall be calculated without the tolerances referred to in point 2.5.

3.1.

If a speed governor is fitted as standard by the manufacturer, it shall be installed and designed in such a way that the tractor complies with point 2 the above provisions on maximum design speed.

4.1.1.

Adjustable speed limitation devices shall comply with the requirements for N2 and N3 vehicles set out in points 1 and 2, Part II point 13.2, Part III points 21.2 and 21.3, Annex 5 point 1 and Annex 6 to UNECE Regulation No 89, as referenced in Annex I.

4.3.1.

The manufacturer shall ensure that the approval authority and technical service are provided with the necessary information and, where appropriate, the necessary vehicles, propulsion systems, components and separate technical units to enable them to verify that the requirements set out in this Annex have been met.

4.3.2.

The manufacturer shall declare in the application for type approval its commitment not to market the interchangeable components which could involve an increase in the propulsion performance above that applicable to the relevant variant.

4.4.1.

For vehicles equipped with (an) electrical/electronic device(s) which limit its propulsion performance, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide data and evidence to the technical services to demonstrate that modification or disconnection of the device or its wiring system will not increase the propulsion performance.

4.4.2.

Any vehicle equipped with electronic control shall include features to prevent modification, except as permitted by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall permit modifications if those modifications are necessary for the diagnosis, servicing, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle.

4.4.3.

Any reprogrammable computer codes or operating parameter shall be resistant to tampering.

4.4.4.

Computer-coded propulsion operating parameters shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures, e.g. soldered or potted computer components, sealed or soldered computer enclosures.

4.4.5.

Any removable calibration memory chips shall be potted, encased in a sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms and shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures.

4.4.6.

Manufacturers using programmable computer code systems (e.g. electrical erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM) shall deter unauthorised reprogramming. Manufacturers shall include enhanced tamper-protection strategies and write-protect features requiring electronic access to an off-site computer maintained by the manufacturer, to which independent operators shall also have adequately protected access.

4.4.7.

Stored on-board diagnostic trouble codes in the powertrain or engine control unit(s), that is numeric or alphanumeric identifiers which identify or label a malfunction in them, shall not be erased by disconnection of the on board computer from the vehicle power supply or by disconnection or failure of the vehicle battery or ground.

1.

The requirements set out in sections 2, 5 and 6 and in Annexes 4 and 6 to UNECE Regulation No 79, as referenced in Annex I, for the steering of motor vehicles apply to vehicles of categories Tb and Cb with maximum design speed exceeding 60 km/h.

1.1.

The requirements of ISO 10998:2008, Amd 1 2014 apply to the steering of vehicles belonging to categories Tb and Cb with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h and not exceeding 60 km/h.

1.2.

The steering action of Cb tractors is in accordance with point 3.9 of Annex XXXIII.

2.

The requirements on steering effort for the vehicles referred to in point 1 shall be the same as the requirements for vehicles of N2 category set out in section 6 of UNECE Regulation No 79 as referenced in Annex I.

For a vehicle equipped with a straddle seat and handlebars, the same steering effort should apply at the middle of the grip.

1.1.

‘Steering equipment’ means all the equipment the purpose of which is to alter the direction of movement of the tractor.

The steering equipment may be considered to include the steering control, the steering gear, the steered wheels, and, where applicable, special equipment to produce additional or independent power.

1.2.

‘Steering gear’ means all the components between the steering control and the steered wheels, with the exception of the special equipment defined in point 1.3. The steering gear may be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or a combination of any of these.

1.3.

‘Special equipment’ means the part of the steering equipment by which additional or independent power is produced. Additional or independent power may be produced by any mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical system, or by any combination of these (for example by an oil pump, air pump or battery, etc.).

1.4.

‘Assisted steering equipment’ means the equipment in which the power for the deflection of the steered wheels is provided both by the muscular power of the driver and by the special equipment; this includes steering equipment where the steering power is normally provided solely by the special equipment, but which in the event of failure of the special equipment enables the muscular power of the driver to be used for steering.

1.5.

‘Servo-steering equipment’ means the equipment in which the power for the deflection of the steered wheels is provided solely by the special equipment.

1.6.

‘Differential steering’ means a method of steering on wheels or on tracks where the orientation of the tractor is done by creating a different rotational speed between the left and the right hand wheels or track assemblies.

1.7.

‘Steered wheels’ means one of the following:

2.1.

The steering equipment shall ensure easy and safe handling of the tractor and shall comply with the detailed requirements set out in point 3.

2.2.

The steering action of C-category tractors is in accordance with the requirements set out in point 3.9 of Annex XXXIII.

2.3.

The requirements set out in point 2.2 are not applicable to C-category tractors with steel tracks equipped with differential steering. The rotational speed difference, as referred to in point 1.6, is either realised by a combination of mechanical components, such as brakes and a differential, or by a separate transmission path to the left and the right hand side, such as separated hydrostatic transmissions. If the steering system is combined with the braking system, the requirements laid down on the basis of Article 17(2)(b) and (5) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall apply.

3.1.1.

The steering control shall be easy to use and grip for the foreseeable range of adult operators in terms of variations in their size and strength. It shall be designed in such a way as to permit gradual deflection. The direction of movement of the steering control shall correspond to the desired change in the direction of the tractor.

3.1.2.

The steering effort required to achieve a turning circle of 12 m radius, starting from the straight ahead position, shall not exceed 25 daN. In the case of assisted steering equipment that is not connected to other equipment, if the auxiliary power supply fails the steering effort required shall not exceed 60 daN.

3.1.3.

In order to check compliance with point 3.1.2, the tractor shall describe a spiral movement at a speed of 10 kilometres per hour, starting from the straight ahead position, on a dry, flat road surface offering good tyre adhesion. The steering effort on the steering control shall be noted until it reaches the position corresponding to the tractor entering a turning circle of 12 m radius. The duration of the manoeuvre (time between the moment when the steering control is first operated and the moment when it reaches the position where the measurements are taken) shall not exceed five seconds in normal cases and eight seconds if the special equipment fails. One manoeuvre shall be made to the left and one to the right.

For the test, the tractor shall be loaded to its technically permissible maximum mass; tyre pressures and mass distribution between the axles shall conform to the manufacturer’s instructions. The tracks pressure in particular shall not exceed the value provided for in point 3.3 of Annex XXXIII.

3.2.1.

The steering equipment may not include either electrical or wholly pneumatic steering gear.

3.2.2.

The steering gear shall be so designed as to meet any operational requirements. It shall be easily accessible for maintenance and inspection.

3.2.3.

In the case of steering gear which is not wholly hydraulic, it shall be possible to drive the tractor even in the event of failure of the hydraulic or pneumatic components of the steering gear.

3.2.4.

Steering gear which is operated purely hydraulically and the special equipment shall meet the following requirements:

3.3.1.

All the wheels may be steered wheels.

3.4.1.

The special equipment, used in the types of steering equipment, shall be acceptable in the following circumstances:

1.1.

‘Normal running pressure’ means the cold inflation pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer increased by 0.2 bar.

1.2.

‘Speedometer’ means that part of the speedometer equipment which indicates to the driver the speed of his vehicle at any given moment.

2.1.

All tractors with maximum design speed exceeding 30 km/h shall be equipped with a speedometer according to the requirements set out in this Annex.

2.2.

Where the speedometer has a scale, as distinct from a digital display, it shall be clearly legible.

2.3.

The accuracy of the speedometer equipment shall be tested in accordance with the following procedure:

2.4.

1.

ISO 5721-1:2013 on the field of vision forward and the windscreen wipers;

2.

The part concerning the vision beside the tractor, in ISO 5721-2: 2014 on the field of vision to the side and to the rear of agricultural tractors.

1.1

‘Driver’s eyes reference point’ means the position, fixed by convention, of the tractor driver’s eyes notionally located at a single point. That point is situated in the plane parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the tractor and passing through the centre of the seat, 700 mm vertically above the line of intersection of that plane and the surface of the seat and 270 mm in the direction of the pelvic support from the vertical plane passing through the front edge of the surface of the seat and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the tractor (Figure 1). The reference point thus determined relates to the seat when unoccupied and fitted in the central position specified by the tractor manufacturer.

1.2

‘Safety glazing material requisite for the driver’s rearward vision’ means all glazing situated behind a plane passing through the driver’s eyes reference point perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle through which the driver can view the road when driving or manoeuvring the vehicle.

2.4.4.1.

The regular light transmittance shall not be less than 70 %.

2.4.4.2.

The windscreen shall be correctly fitted with reference to the driver’s eye reference point.

2.4.4.3.

Vehicles of categories T and C, with maximum design speed not exceeding 40 km/h, shall be fitted with one of the types of safety glazing material specified in Annex 4, Annex 5, Annex 6, Annex 8 or Annex 10 to UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.

2.4.4.4.

Vehicles of categories T and C, with maximum design speed exceeding 40 km/h, shall be fitted with one of the types of safety glazing material referred to in point 2.4.4.3 with the exception of Annex 5 to UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I.

2.4.5.1.

The safety glazing shall have a regular light transmittance of at least 70 %.

2.4.5.2.

Plastic safety glazing material requisite for the driver’s rearward vision shall bear a symbol A/L or B/L, as specified in paragraphs 5.5.5 and 5.5.7 of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3.

2.4.5.3.

Safety glazing material not needed for the driver’s rearward vision or driver’s vision to the sides shall bear the symbol V specified in paragraph 5.5.2. of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3, if the light transmittance is below 70 %.

2.4.5.4.

Plastic safety glazing material not needed for the driver’s forward or rearward vision shall bear one of the symbols specified in paragraphs 5.5.5, 5.5.6 and 5.5.7 of UNECE Regulation No 43 as referenced in Annex I, in addition to the component type-approval mark specified in point 2.4.3.

2.4.5.5.

In the case of plastic safety glazing, the provisions related to abrasion resistance referred to in point 2.4.5.2 do not apply to sunroofs and glazing located in the roof of a vehicle. No abrasion test/symbol is required.

2.1.

Interior rear-view mirrors are grouped in class I. Exterior rear-view mirrors are grouped in class II. Tractors shall be fitted with two rear-view mirrors of class II and optionally with a rear-view mirror of class I, bearing the type-approval mark of UNECE Regulation No 46 as referenced in Annex I, in accordance with Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Annex XX to this Regulation.

2.2.

Rear-view mirrors shall be fixed in such a way that they remain steady under normal driving conditions.

2.3.

Vehicles equipped with a straddle seat and handlebars are required to comply with the requirements set out in UNECE Regulation No 81, as referenced in Annex I, instead of the requirements set out in points 2.1 and 2.2, and points 3 to 6.

2.4.

The additional mirrors and rear-view mirrors designed in order to monitor the implements while working in the fields are not necessarily open to component type-approval but shall be located in accordance with the setting requirements contained in points 3.1 to 3.5.

3.1.

The exterior rear-view mirror of class II shall be so placed that the driver, when sitting on the driving seat in a normal driving position, has a clear view of the part of the road specified in point 5.

3.2.

The exterior rear-view mirror shall be visible through the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper or through the side windows if the tractor is fitted with them.

3.3.

The external rear-view mirrors shall not protrude beyond the external bodywork of the tractor or the tractor-trailer combination more than is necessary to obtain the fields of vision specified in point 5.

3.4.

Where the bottom edge of an exterior rear-view mirror is less than 2 m above the ground when the tractor is laden, this rear-view mirror shall not project more than 0,20 m beyond the overall width of the tractor or tractor-trailer combination measured without rear-view mirrors.

3.5.

Subject to the requirements set out in points 3.3 and 3.4, rear-view mirrors may project beyond the tractor’s permissible maximum width.

4.1.

Any interior rear-view mirror shall be adjustable by the driver from his driving position.

4.2.

The driver shall be able to adjust the exterior rear-view mirror without leaving the driving position. The mirror may, however, be locked into position from the outside.

4.3.

The requirements set out in point 4.2 do not apply to exterior rear-view mirrors which, after being displaced, are returned automatically to their original position or can be restored to their original position without the use of tools.

5.1.

The field of vision of the left hand or right hand exterior rear-view mirror shall be such that the driver can see to the rear at least that level part of the road, as far as the horizon, which is to the left or to the right, respectively, of the plane parallel to the vertical longitudinal median plane and which passes through the leftmost or rightmost, respectively, point of the overall width of the tractor or tractor-trailer combination.

5.2.

Manufacturers may choose whether to apply either the requirements set out in point 5.1 or the requirements of ISO 5721-2: 2014.

1.1.

‘Virtual terminals’ means electronic on-board information systems with display screens to provide an operator with visual information on the performance of the vehicle and its systems, and that allow the operator to monitor and control various functions via a touch screen or keypad.

1.2.

Operator controls associated with virtual terminals shall comply with ISO 15077:2008 (Annex B).

1.3.

Driver Information Systems shall be designed so as to minimise distraction of the driver whilst conveying the necessary information.

1.

Lights and light-signalling devices, if fitted to vehicles of categories T and C, shall comply with all the relevant requirements set out in UNECE regulations applicable to those vehicles, as referenced in Annex I.

2.

Filament lamps, gas discharge lamps and LED for lights and light-signalling devices, fitted on vehicles of category R shall comply with all the relevant requirements set out in UNECE Regulations Nos 37, 99 and 128, respectively, as referenced in Annex I.

3.

Lights and light-signalling devices, if fitted to vehicles of category R and S, shall comply with all the relevant requirements of the O category vehicles in UNECE regulations, as referenced in Annex I.

1.1.

‘Transverse plane’ means a vertical plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle;

1.2.

‘Independent lamps’ means lamps having separate lenses, separate light sources, and separate lamp bodies;

1.3.

‘Grouped lamps’ means lamps having separate lenses and separate light sources, but a common lamp body;

1.4.

‘Combined lamps’ means lamps having separate lenses but a common light source and a common lamp body;

1.5.

‘Reciprocally incorporated lamps’ means lamps having separate light sources (or a single light source operating under different conditions), totally or partially common lenses and a common lamp body;

1.6.

‘Variable position lamps’ means lamps installed on the vehicle which can move in relation to the vehicle, without being detached;

1.7.

‘Main-beam headlamp’ means the lamp used to illuminate the road over a long distance ahead of the vehicle;

1.8.

‘Dipped-beam headlamp’ means the lamp used to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle without causing undue dazzle or discomfort to oncoming drivers and other road-users;

1.9.

‘Concealable lamp’ means a headlamp capable of being partly or completely hidden when not in use. This result may be achieved by means of a movable cover, by displacement of the headlamp or by any other suitable means. The term 'retractable' is used more particularly to describe a concealable lamp the displacement of which enables it to be inserted within the bodywork;

1.10.

‘Front fog-lamp’ means the lamp used to improve the illumination of the road in case of fog, snowfall, rainstorms or dust clouds;

1.11.

‘Reversing lamp’ means the lamp used to illuminate the road to the rear of the vehicle and to warn other road-users that the vehicle is reversing or about to reverse;

1.12.

‘Direction-indicator lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate to other road-users that the driver intends to change direction to the right or to the left;

1.13.

‘Hazard-warning signal’ means the device permitting the simultaneous operation of all of a vehicle’s direction indicator lamps to draw attention to the fact that the vehicle temporarily constitutes a special danger to other road-users;

1.14.

‘Stop lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate to other road-users to the rear of the vehicle that the longitudinal movement of the vehicle is intentionally retarded;

1.15.

‘Rear registration plate lamp’ means the device used to illuminate the space intended to accommodate the rear registration plate; it may consist of several optical components;

1.16.

‘Front position lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate the presence and the width of the vehicle when the latter is viewed from the front;

1.17.

‘Rear position lamp’ means the lamp used to indicate the presence and the width of the vehicle when the width is viewed from the rear;

1.18.

‘Rear fog-lamp’ means the lamp used to make the vehicle more easily visible from the rear in dense fog;

1.19.

‘Parking lamp’ means the lamp used to draw attention to the presence of a stationary vehicle in a built-up area. In such circumstances, it replaces the front and rear position lamps;

1.20.

‘End-outline marker lamp’ means the lamp fitted to the extreme outer edge as close as possible to the top of the vehicle and intended clearly to indicate the vehicle’s overall width. This signal is intended, for certain vehicles, to complement the vehicle’s front and rear position lamps by drawing particular attention to its bulk;

1.21.

‘Work lamp’ means a device for illuminating a working area or process;

1.22.

‘Retro-reflector’ means a device used to indicate the presence of a vehicle by reflection of light emanating from a light source unconnected with the vehicle, the observer being situated near that source. For the purposes of this Annex, the following are not considered as retro-reflectors:

1.23.

‘Side marker lamp’ means a lamp used to indicate the presence of the vehicle when viewed from the side;

1.24.

‘Daytime running lamp’ means a lamp facing in a forward direction used to make the vehicle more easily visible when driving during daytime;

1.25.

‘Cornering lamp’ means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination of that part of the road which is located near the forward corner of the vehicle at the side towards which the vehicle is going to turn;

1.26.

‘Exterior Courtesy lamp’ means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to assist the entry and exit of the vehicle driver and passenger or in loading operations.

1.27.

‘Manoeuvring lamp’ means a lamp used to provide supplementary illumination to the side of the vehicle to assist during slow manoeuvres.

1.28.

‘Adaptive front lighting system’ means a lighting device, type-approved in accordance with UNECE Regulation No. 123, as referenced in Annex I, providing beams with differing characteristics for automatic adaptation to varying conditions of use of the dipped-beam (passing-beam) and, if applicable, the main-beam (driving-beam).

1.29.

‘Illuminating surface’ means the orthogonal projection of the full aperture of the reflector, in the case of the main-beam headlamp with reflector, dipped-beam headlamp with reflector, front fog-lamp with reflector, or in the case of headlamps with an ellipsoidal reflector of the projection lens, on a transverse plane. If the light emitting surface of the lamp extends over part only of the full aperture of the reflector, the projection of that part only is taken into account.

In the case of a dipped-beam headlamp, the illuminating surface is limited by the apparent trace of the cut-off on to the lens. If the reflector and lens are adjustable relative to one another, the mean adjustment should be used.

1.30.

‘Illuminating surface’ means the orthogonal projection of the lamp in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and in contact with the exterior light-emitting surface of the lamp, this projection being bounded by the edges of screens situated in this plane, each allowing only 98 % of the total luminous intensity of the light to persist in the direction of the axis of reference in the case of rear position lamp, parking lamp, and of main-beam headlamp, dipped-beam headlamp, front fog-lamp, which are without reflector.

In the case of a light-signalling device whose illuminating surface encloses either totally or partially the illuminating surface of another function or encloses a non-lighted surface, the illuminating surface may be considered to be the light emitting surface itself.

1.31.

‘Illuminating surface’ of a retro-reflector or of a signalling panel or of a signalling foil means, as declared by the applicant during the component approval procedure for the retro-reflectors, the orthogonal projection of a retro-reflector in a plane perpendicular to its axis of reference and delimited by planes contiguous to the declared outermost parts of the retro-reflectors’ optical system and parallel to that axis. For the purposes of determining the lower, upper and lateral edges of the device, only horizontal and vertical planes shall be considered.

1.32.

‘Exterior light-emitting surface’ means the part of the exterior surface of the transparent lens that encloses the lighting or light-signalling device and allows it to emit light.

1.33.

‘Apparent surface’ for a defined direction of observation, means the orthogonal projection of either the boundary of the illuminating surface projected on the exterior surface of the lens or the light-emitting surface in a plane perpendicular to the direction of observation and tangential to the most exterior point of the lens.

1.34.

‘Axis of reference’ means the characteristic axis of the light signal determined by the manufacturer of the lamp for use as the direction of reference (H = 0°, V = 0°) for photometric measurements and when fitting the lamp on the vehicle.

1.35.

‘Centre of reference’ means the intersection of the axis of reference with the exterior light-emitting surface, specified by the manufacturer of the lamp;

1.36.

‘Angles of geometric visibility’ means the angles which determine the field of the minimum solid angle in which the apparent surface of the lamp is visible. That field of the solid angle is determined by the segments of the sphere of which the centre coincides with the centre of reference of the lamp and the equator is parallel with the ground. These segments are determined in relation to the axis of reference. The horizontal angles β correspond to the longitude and the vertical angles α to the latitude.

1.37.

‘Extreme outer edge’ on either side of the vehicle means the plane parallel with the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and coinciding with its lateral outer edge, disregarding the projection:

1.38.

‘Overall width’ means the distance between the two vertical planes defined in the definition of the extreme outer edge, above.

1.39.

‘A single lamp’ means:

1.40.

‘Two lamps’ means a single light- emitting surface in the shape of a band or strip if such band or strip is placed symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle, extends on both sides to within at least 0,4 m of the extreme outer edge of the vehicle, and is not less than 0,8 m in length; the illumination of such surface shall be provided by not less than two light sources placed as close as possible to its ends; the light-emitting surface may be constituted by a number of juxtaposed elements on condition that the projections of the several individual light-emitting surfaces on a transverse plane occupy not less than 60 % of the area of the smallest rectangle circumscribing the projections of the said individual light-emitting surfaces.

1.41.

‘Distance between two lamps’ which face in the same direction means the distance between the orthogonal projections in a plane perpendicular to the direction in question of the outlines of the two illuminating surfaces.

1.42.

‘Optional’ means that the installation of a light-signalling device is left to the discretion of the manufacturer.

1.43.

‘Operating tell-tale’ means a visual or auditory signal or any equivalent signal indicating that a device has been switched on and is operating correctly.

1.44.

‘Colour of the light emitted from a device’ means the colour of the light emitted as specified in UNECE Regulation No. 48 as referenced in Annex I.

1.45.

‘Conspicuity marking’ means a device intended to increase the conspicuity of a vehicle, when viewed from the side or rear or in the case of trailers, additionally from the front, by the reflection of light emanating from a light source not connected to the vehicle, the observer being situated near the source.

1.46.

‘Circuit-closed tell-tale’ means a tell-tale showing that a device has been switched on but not showing whether it is operating correctly or not.

1.47.

‘SMV rear marking plate’, a triangular plate with truncated corners with a characteristic pattern faced with retro-reflective and fluorescent material or devices (class 1); or with retro-reflective materials or devices only (class 2) (see e.g. UNECE Regulation No. 69 as referenced in Annex I).

1.48.

‘Pair’ means the set of lamps of the same function on the left- and right hand side of the vehicle.

1.49.

‘H plane’ means the horizontal plane containing the centre of reference of the lamp.

1.50.

‘Lighting function’ means the light emitted by a device to illuminate the road and objects in the direction of vehicle movement.

1.51.

‘Light-signalling function’ means the light emitted or reflected by a device to give to other road users visual information on the presence, identification and/or the change of movement of the vehicle.

1.52.

‘Light source’ means one or more elements for visible radiation, which may be assembled with one or more transparent envelopes and with a base for mechanical and electrical connection.

A light source may also be constituted by the extreme outlet of a light guide, as part of a distributed lighting or light-signalling system not having a built-in outer lens.

1.53.

‘Light emitting surface’ of a lighting device, light-signalling device or a retro-reflector means the surface as declared in the request for approval by the manufacturer of the device on the drawing.

2.1.

A description of the vehicle type with regard to the dimensions and exterior shape of the vehicle and the number and positioning of lighting and light-signalling devices; the vehicle type duly identified shall be specified.

2.2.

A list of the devices intended by the manufacturer to form the lighting and signalling equipment; the list may include several types of device for each function; in addition, the list may include in respect of each function the additional annotation 'or equivalent devices'.

2.3.

A diagram of the lighting and signalling installation as a whole, showing the position of the various devices on the vehicle.

2.4.

A drawing or drawings of each lamp showing the illuminating surface of a lamp or a lighting device or a signalling lamp other than a retro-reflector or a reflex-reflector.

The light emitting surface of a lighting device, light-signalling device or a retro-reflector shall be declared according to one of the following conditions:

2.5.

An unladen vehicle fitted with a complete set of lighting and signalling equipment and representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service conducting approval tests.

5.6.1.

Be mounted symmetrically in relation to the median longitudinal plane;

5.6.2.

Be symmetrical to one another in relation to the median longitudinal plane;

5.6.3.

Satisfy the same colorimetric requirements; and

5.6.4.

Have substantially identical photometric characteristics.

5.8.1.1.

The photometric and colorimetric requirements of a lamp shall be fulfilled when all other functions with which this lamp is grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated are switched OFF.

However, when a front or rear position lamp is reciprocally incorporated with one or more other function(s) which can be activated together with them, the requirements regarding colour of each of these other functions shall be fulfilled when the reciprocally incorporated function(s) and the front or rear position lamps are switched ON.

5.8.1.2.

Stop lamps and direction-indicator lamps are not permitted to be reciprocally incorporated.

5.8.1.3.

Where stop lamps and direction-indicator lamps are grouped, the following conditions shall be met:

5.8.2.1.

Either the total area of the projection of the distinct parts on a plane tangent to the exterior surface of the outer lens and perpendicular to the reference axis shall occupy not less than 60 % of the smallest quadrilateral circumscribing the said projection, or the distance between two adjacent/tangential distinct parts shall not exceed 15 mm when measured perpendicularly to the reference axis. This requirement shall not apply to a retro-reflector.

5.8.2.2.

In the case of interdependent lamps, the distance between adjacent apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axis does not exceed 75 mm when measured perpendicularly to the reference axis.

5.11.1.

For the visibility of red light towards the front of a vehicle, with the exception of a red rearmost side-marker lamp, there shall be no direct visibility of the apparent surface of a red lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 1 as specified in Appendix 1;

5.11.2.

For the visibility of white light towards the rear, with the exception of reversing lamps and white side conspicuity markings fitted to the vehicle, there shall be no direct visibility of the apparent surface of a white lamp if viewed by an observer moving within Zone 2 in a transverse plane situated 25 m behind the vehicle (see Appendix 1);

5.11.3.

In their respective planes, the zones 1 and 2 explored by the eye of the observer are bounded:

5.12.1.

When front and rear position lamps are switched ON, as well as side-marker lamps when combined or reciprocally incorporated with said lamps, as parking lamps;

5.12.2.

To front position lamps when their function is substituted under point 5.13.1.

5.13.1.1.

Their electrical connections are such that in case of failure of any of these lighting devices the front position lamps are automatically re-activated; and

5.13.1.2.

The substituting lamp/function meets, for the respective position lamp, the requirements set out in points 6.8.1. to 6.8.6., and

5.13.1.3.

appropriate evidence demonstrating compliance with the requirements set out in point 5.13.1.2 is provided in the test reports of the substituting lamp.

5.15.1.

main-beam headlamp: white;

5.15.2.

dipped-beam headlamp: white;

5.15.3.

front fog lamp: white or selective yellow;

5.15.4.

reversing lamp: white;

5.15.5.

direction-indicator lamp: amber;

5.15.6.

hazard warning signal: amber;

5.15.7.

stop lamp: red;

5.15.8.

rear registration plate lamp: white;

5.15.9.

front position lamp: white;

5.15.10.

rear position lamp: red;

5.15.11.

rear fog lamp: red;

5.15.12.

parking lamp: white in front, red at the rear, amber if reciprocally incorporated in the side direction indicator lamps or in the side-marker lamps;

5.15.13.

side-marker lamp: amber; however, the rearmost side-marker lamp can be red if it is grouped or combined or reciprocally incorporated with the rear position lamp, the rear end-outline marker lamp, the rear fog lamp, the stop lamp or is grouped or has part of the light emitting surface in common with the rear retro-reflector;

5.15.14.

end-outline marker lamp: white in front, red at the rear;

5.15.15.

daytime running lamp: white;

5.15.16.

rear retro-reflector, non-triangular: red;

5.15.17.

rear retro-reflector, triangular: red;

5.15.18.

front retro-reflector, non-triangular: white or colourless;

5.15.19.

side retro-reflector, non- triangular: amber; however the rearmost side retro-reflector can be red if it is grouped or has part of the light emitting surface in common with the rear position lamp, the rear end outline marker lamp, the rear fog lamp, the stop-lamp, the red rearmost side-marker lamp or the rear retro-reflector, non- triangular;

5.15.20.

cornering lamp: white;

5.15.21.

conspicuity marking: white or yellow to the side; red or yellow to the rear;

5.15.22.

exterior courtesy lamp: white;

5.15.23.

manoeuvring lamp: white.

5.16.2.1.

The absence of power for manipulating the lamp;

5.16.2.2.

A break, impedance, or short-circuit to earth in the electrical circuit, defects in the hydraulic or pneumatic leads, Bowden cables, solenoids or other components controlling or transmitting the energy intended to activate the concealment device.

5.17.1.1.

These lamps remain attached to the vehicle when their position is altered;

5.17.1.2.

These lamps shall be capable of being locked in the position required by traffic conditions. Locking shall be automatic.

To determine the lower, upper and lateral limits of the illuminating surface only screens with horizontal or vertical edges shall be used to verify the distance to the extreme edges of the vehicle and the height above the ground.

For other applications of the illuminating surface, e.g. distance between two lamps or functions, the shape of the periphery of this illuminating surface shall be used. The screens shall remain parallel, but other orientations are allowed to be used.

6.1.4.1.

Width: The outer edges of the illuminating surface shall in no case be closer to the extreme outer edge of the vehicles than the outer edges of the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamps.

6.1.4.2.

Height: No individual specifications.

6.1.4.3.

Length: At the front of the vehicle. This requirement shall be deemed to be satisfied if the light emitted does not cause discomfort to the driver either directly or indirectly through the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

6.1.9.1.

The aggregate maximum intensity of the main beams which can be switched on simultaneously shall not exceed 430 000 cd, which corresponds to a reference value of 100.

6.1.9.2.

This maximum intensity shall be obtained by adding together the individual maximum reference marks which are indicated on the several headlamps. The reference mark ‘10’ shall be given to each of the headlamps marked ‘R’ or ‘CR’.

6.2.4.1.

Width: No individual specifications.

6.2.4.2.

Height:

6.2.4.3.

Length: As near to the front of the vehicle as possible; however, the light emitted shall not in any circumstances cause discomfort to the driver either directly or indirectly through the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

Geometric visibility

:

Defined by angles of geometric visibility α and β.

α= 15° upwards and 10° downwards,

β= 45° outwards and 5° inwards.

6.2.6.1.1.

If the height of the dipped-beam headlamps is equal to or greater than 500 mm and equal to or less than 1 500 mm, it shall be possible to lower the dipped beam by between 0,5 and 6 %;

6.2.6.1.2.

The dipped-beam headlamps shall be aligned in such a way that, measured at 15 m from the lamp, the horizontal line separating the lit zone from the unlit zone is situated at a height equivalent to only half the distance between the ground and the centre of the lamp.

6.2.6.2.1.

A headlamp levelling device may be automatic or manually adjustable.

6.2.6.2.2.

Devices which are adjusted manually, either continuously or non-continuously, shall have a stop position at which the lamps can be returned to the initial inclination by means of the usual adjusting screws or similar means.

These manually adjustable devices shall be operable from the driver's seat.

Continually adjustable devices shall have reference marks indicating the loading conditions that require adjustment of the dipped-beam.

6.2.6.2.3.

The dipped-beam shall not assume a position in which the dip is less than it was at original adjustment.

6.3.4.1.

Width: No individual specifications.

6.3.4.2.

Height: No less than 250 mm above the ground. No point on the illuminating surface shall be higher than the highest point on the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamp.

6.3.4.3.

Length: As near to the front of the vehicle as possible; however, the light emitted shall not in any circumstances cause discomfort to the driver either directly or indirectly through the rear-view mirrors and/or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle.

Geometric visibility

:

Defined by angles of geometric visibility α and β.

α= 5° upwards and downwards;

β= 45° outwards and 5° inwards.

6.4.4.1.

Width: No individual specifications.

6.4.4.2.

Height: Not less than 250 mm and not more than 1 200 mm above the ground.

However, if the shape, structure, design or operational conditions of the vehicle makes it impossible to keep the lamp within 1 200 mm it is allowed to increase the height up to 4 000 mm.

In the latter case the lamp shall be installed with an downwards inclination of at least 3° for a mounting height larger than 2 000 mm and not more than 3 000 mm and at least 6° for a mounting height larger than 3 000 mm and not more than 4 000 mm.

No inclination is needed for mounting height up to 2 000 mm.

6.4.4.3.

Length: At the back of the vehicle.

Geometric visibility

:

Defined by angles of geometric visibility α and β.

α= 15° upwards and 5° downwards;

β= 45° to right and to left if there is only one lamp;

β= 45° outwards and 30° inwards if there are two lamps.

—

either the engine is running,

—

or one of the devices controlling the starting and stopping of the engine is in such a position that operation of the engine is possible.

6.5.3.1.

The front and repeating side lamps may be independent, grouped, or combined.

6.5.3.2.

For trailers and towed machines:

Two rear direction-indicator lamps (category 2).

6.5.4.1.

Width: Except in the case of category 1 direction indicator lamps of arrangement C and for additional direction indicator lamps, the edge of the illuminating surface furthest from the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle shall not be more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The distance between the inner edges of the two illuminating surfaces of a pair of lamps shall be not less than 500 mm.

Where the vertical distance between the rear direction-indicator lamp and the corresponding rear position lamp is not more than 300 mm, the distance between the extreme outer edge of the vehicle and the outer edge of the rear direction-indicator lamp shall not exceed by more than 50 mm the distance between the extreme outer edge of the vehicle and the outer edge of the corresponding rear position lamp.

For front direction-indicator lamps the illuminating surface should be not less than 40 mm from the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamps or front fog lamps, if any.

A smaller distance is permitted if the luminous intensity in the reference axis of the direction-indicator lamp is equal to at least 400 cd.

6.5.4.2.

Height: Above the ground not less than 400 mm and not more than 2 500 mm and up to 4 000 mm for additional direction-indicator lamps.

For vehicles with a maximum width not exceeding 1 300 mm not less than 350 mm above the ground.

6.5.4.3.

Length: The distance between the centre of reference of illuminating surface of the category 1 indicator (arrangement B), category 5 indicator (arrangement B and C) and the transverse plane which marks the forward boundary of the tractor's overall length normally shall not exceed 1 800 mm. If the structure of the tractor makes it impossible to keep to the minimum angles of visibility, this distance may be increased to 2 600 mm.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angles: See Appendix 2.

Vertical angles: 15° above and below the horizontal.

S1 or S2 of devices as described in UNECE Regulation No 7: tractors and vehicles of R- and S-categories shall be equipped with such stop lamps.

S3 or S4 of devices as described in UNECE Regulation No 7: tractors and vehicles of R- and S-categories may be equipped with such stop lamps.

6.7.2.1.

Except in the case where a category S3 or S4 device is installed, two optional category S1 or S2 devices may be installed on vehicles.

6.7.2.2.

Only, when the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is not located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two movable parts of the vehicle (e.g. doors), and lacks sufficient space to be equipped with a single device of the S3 or S4 category on the median longitudinal plane above such movable parts, either:

6.7.4.1.

Width:

In the case where one S3 or S4 category lamp offset from the median longitudinal plane is permitted according to point 6.7.2., this offset shall not exceed 150 mm from the median longitudinal plane to the centre of reference of the lamp.

6.7.4.2.

Height:

Vehicles may be equipped with two additional devices of category S1 or S2:

Above the ground, not less than 400 mm and not more than 4 000 mm

6.7.4.3.

Length:

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 45° outwards and inwards.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal.

6.8.4.1.

Width: That point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The clearance between the respective inner edges of the two illuminating surfaces shall be not less than 500 mm.

6.8.4.2.

Height: Above the ground, not less than 400 mm and not more than 2 500 mm

In the case of vehicles equipped for the fitting of portable devices at the front, which may obscure the front position lamps, two additional front position lamps may be fitted at a height not exceeding 4 000 mm.

6.8.4.3.

Length: No specifications provided that the lamps are aligned forwards and the angles of geometrical visibility specified in point 6.8.5 are complied with.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: For the two front position lamps: 10° inwards and 80° outwards. However, the angle of 10° inwards may be reduced to 5° if the shape of the bodywork makes it impossible to keep to 10°. For vehicles with any overall width not exceeding 1 400 mm this angle may be reduced to 3° if the shape of the bodywork makes it impossible to keep to 10°.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 10° if the height of the lamp above the ground is less than 1 900 mm, and to 5° if this height is less than 750 mm.

6.9.4.1.

Width: Except as provided in point 6.9.5.1 that point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.

The distance between the inner edges of the two illuminating surfaces shall be not less than 500 mm. This distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 400 mm.

6.9.4.2.

Height: Except as provided in point 6.9.5.1, above the ground not less than 400 mm and not more than 2 500 mm.

For vehicles with a maximum width not exceeding 1 300 mm above the ground not less than 250 mm.

6.9.4.3.

Length: At the rear of vehicle. Not more than 1 000 mm from the rearmost point of the vehicle.

Parts of the vehicle that extend the rearmost point of the illuminating surface of the rear position lamps by more than 1 000 mm shall be fitted with an additional rear position lamp.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: For the two rear position lamps: either 45° inwards and 80° outwards, or 80° inwards and 45° outwards.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal. The angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 10° if the height of the lamp above the ground is less than 1 900 mm, and to 5° if this height is less than 750 mm.

6.9.5.1.

If it is impossible to observe the above position and visibility requirements, four rear position lamps may be fitted in accordance with the following installation specifications:

6.10.4.1.

Width: If there is only one rear fog lamp, it shall be on the opposite side of the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle to the direction of traffic prescribed in the country of registration. In all cases the distance between the rear fog lamp and the stop lamp shall be more than 100 mm.

6.10.4.2.

Height: Above the ground, not less than 400 mm and not more than 1 900 mm, or not more than 2 500 mm if the shape of the bodywork makes it impossible to keep within 1 900 mm.

6.10.4.3.

Length: At the rear of vehicle

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 25° inwards and outwards.

Vertical angle: 5° above and below the horizontal.

6.11.4.1.

Width: That point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall not be more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. Furthermore, in the case of a pair of lamps, the lamps shall be on the side of the vehicle.

6.11.4.2.

Height: Above the ground, not less than 400 mm and not more than 2 500 mm.

6.11.4.3.

Length: No individual specifications.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 45° outwards, towards the front and towards the rear.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 10° if the height of the lamp above the ground is less than 1 500 mm; and to 5° if this height is less than 750 mm.

6.12.4.1.

Width: As close as possible to the extreme outer edge of the vehicle.

6.12.4.2.

Height: At the greatest height compatible with the required position in width and with symmetry of the lamps.

6.12.4.3.

Length: No individual specification.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 80° outwards.

Vertical angle: 5° above and 20° below the horizontal.

6.14.4.1.

Width: Except as provided in point 6.14.5.1, the point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The inner edges of the retro-reflectors shall be not less than 600 mm apart. This distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 300 mm.

6.14.4.2.

Height: Except as provided in point 6.14.5.1, not less than 400 mm and not more than 900 mm above the ground.

For vehicles with a maximum width not exceeding 1 300 mm above the ground not less than 250 mm.

However, the upper limit may be increased to not more than 1 200 mm if it is impossible to keep within the height of 900 mm without having to use fixing devices liable to be easily damaged or bent.

6.14.4.3.

Length: No individual specifications.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 30° inwards and outwards.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° if the height of the reflector is less than 750 mm.

6.14.5.1.

If it is impossible to observe the above position and visibility requirements, four retro-reflectors may be fitted in accordance with the following installation specifications:

6.15.4.1.

Width: No individual specification.

6.15.4.2.

Height: Not less than 400 mm and not more than 900 mm above the ground.

However, the upper limit may be increased to not more than 1 500 mm if it is impossible to keep within the height of 900 mm without having to use fixing devices liable to be easily damaged or bent.

6.15.4.3.

Length: One reflector shall be not more than 3 m from the foremost point of the vehicle, and either the same reflector or a second reflector shall be not more than 3 m from the rearmost point of the vehicle. The distance between two reflectors on the same side of the vehicle shall not exceed 6 m.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 20° forwards and rearwards.

Vertical angle: 10° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° if the length of the reflector is less than 750 mm.

6.17.4.1.

Width: That point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall not be more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. On R- and S-category vehicles this distance shall be no more than 150 mm.

The distance between the inner edges of the two apparent surfaces in the direction of the reference axes shall be not less than 600 mm. This distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 300 mm.

6.17.4.2.

Height: Above the ground, not less than 300 mm and not more than 1 500 mm. If this is not possible due to the design the front reflectors shall be arranges as low as possible.

6.17.4.3.

Length: At the front of the vehicle.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 30° inwards and outwards.

Vertical angle: 10° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° in the case of a retro-reflector less than 750 mm above the ground.

6.17.5.1.

If it is impossible to observe the above position and visibility requirements, four front retro reflectors may be fitted in accordance with the following installation specifications:

6.18.4.1.

Width: No individual specifications.

6.18.4.2.

Height: Above the ground, not less than 250 mm nor more than 2 500 mm.

6.18.4.3.

Length: At least one side-marker lamp shall be fitted to the middle third of the vehicle, the foremost side-marker lamp being not further than 3 m from the front. The distance between two adjacent side-marker lamps shall not exceed 3 m. If the structure, design or the operational use of the vehicle makes it impossible to comply with such a requirement, this distance may be increased to 4 m.

Geometric visibility

Horizontal angle: 45° to the front and to the rear; however, this value can be reduced to 30°.

Vertical angle: 10° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° in the case of a side-marker lamp less than 750 mm above the ground.

Horizontal

:

outwards 20° and inwards 20°.

Vertical

:

upwards 10° and downwards 10°.

Horizontal

:

30° to 60° outwards.

Vertical

:

10° upwards and downwards.

6.20.7.1.

The cornering lamp on one side of the vehicle may only be switched ON automatically when the direction-indicators on the same side of the vehicle are switched ON and/or when the steering angle is changed from the straight-ahead position towards the same side of the vehicle.

The cornering lamp shall be switched OFF automatically when the direction-indicator is switched OFF and/or the steering angle has returned in the straight-ahead position.

6.20.7.2.

When the reversing lamp is switched ON, both cornering lamps may be switched on simultaneously, independently from the steering wheel or direction-indicator position. In this case, the cornering lamps shall be switched OFF when the reversing lamp is switched OFF.

6.23.9.1

the engine is stopped;

6.23.9.2

a driver or passenger door is opened;

6.23.9.3

a load compartment door is opened.

(a)

prior to the vehicle being set in motion for the first time after each manual activation of the propulsion system; or

(b)

reverse gear is engaged; or

(c)

a camera-based system which assists parking manoeuvres is activated.

6.25.4.1.

Width: Except as provided in point 6.25.5.1, the point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall be not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. The inner edges of the retro-reflectors shall be not less than 600 mm apart. This distance may be reduced to 400 mm where the overall width of the vehicle is less than 1 300 mm.

6.25.4.2.

Height: Except as provided in point 6.25.5.1, not less than 400 mm and not more than 1 500 mm above the ground.

6.25.4.3.

Length: No individual specifications.

Geometric visibility

:

Horizontal angle: 30° inwards and outwards.

Vertical angle: 15° above and below the horizontal. The vertical angle below the horizontal may be reduced to 5° if the height of the reflector is less than 750 mm.

6.25.5.1.

If it is impossible to observe the above position and visibility requirements, four retro-reflectors may be fitted in accordance with the following installation specifications:

Mandatory on vehicles of category S with a total width of more than 2,55 m.

Optional on vehicles of category S with a total width not exceeding 2,55 m.

Width:

That point on the illuminating surface which is farthest from the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane shall not be more than 100 mm from the extreme outer edge of the vehicle. This value may be increased if the shape of the bodywork makes it impossible to keep within 100 mm.

Height:

No individual specifications.

Length:

No individual specifications.

1.1.

‘Interior fittings’ mean the interior parts of the passenger compartment other than the interior rear-view mirrors and include

1.2.

‘Level of the instrument panel’ means the line defined by the points of contact of vertical tangents to the instrument panel.

1.3.

‘Power-operated windows’ means windows which are closed by power supply of the vehicle.

1.4.

‘Opening’ is the maximum unobstructed aperture between the upper edge or the leading edge, depending on the closing direction, of a power-operated window or partition or roof panel and the vehicle structure which forms the boundary of the window, partition or roof panel, when viewed from the interior of the vehicle or, in the case of partition system, from the rear part of the passenger compartment.

1.1.1.1.

The safety distance zone A above the SIP of the driving seat and located in front of it, as determined in Figure 1, shall not contain any dangerous roughness or sharp edges, likely to increase the risk of serious injury to the occupants. If parts contained in the safety distance zone A above the SIP, located in front of it, comply with the requirements in points 1.1.2 to 1.1.6, they shall be deemed to also comply with this requirement.

Figure 1

1.1.1.2.

The safety distance zone A, whose centre is 670 mm above the centre of the front edge of the front passenger seat, if fitted, and located in front of it, as determined in Figure 2, shall not contain any dangerous roughness or sharp edges, likely to increase the risk of serious injury to the occupants. If parts contained in the safety distance zone A above the SIP, located in front of it, comply with the requirements in points 1.1.2 to 1.1.6, they shall be deemed to also comply with this requirement.

Figure 2

1.1.1.3.

In the case of vehicles equipped with steering wheel and bench seats or bucket seats in more than one row, the environment of the rear passenger seats, if fitted, shall comply with the requirements of Annex XVII of the Regulation (EU) No 3/2014. (1)

1.1.3.1.

Any metal support fittings shall have no protruding edges.

1.1.3.2.

The parts that can be contacted by a hemisphere with a diameter of 165 mm, as described in point 3.2.1, when approaching along the radius of zone A in Figure 1, shall be rounded to a radius of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm.

1.1.3.3.

Window winders, if fitted, may project 35 mm from the surface of the panel.

1.1.3.4.

Requirements of points 1.1.3.1, 1.1.3.2 and 1.1.3.3 do not apply to components located beyond the steering wheel, as referenced from the apex of a cone, this apex being the centre of zone A in Figure 1, and the rim of the steering wheel being the generatrix of that cone.

1.1.4.1.

The lower edge of the instrument panel shall be rounded to a radius of curvature of not less than 19 mm.

1.1.4.2.

Switches, pull-knobs, etc., made of rigid material, which, measured in accordance with the method described in 3 from 3,2 mm to 9,5 mm from the panel, shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 2 cm2, measured 2,5 mm from the point projecting furthest, and shall have rounded edges with a radius of curvature of not less than 2,5 mm.

1.1.4.3.

If these components project by more than 9,5 mm from the surface of the instrument panel, they shall be designed and constructed with a cross-section of not less than 6,50 cm2 in area situated not more than 6,5 mm from the point of maximum projection.

1.1.4.4.

Components mounted on the roof, if fitted, but which are not part of the roof structure, such as grab handles, lights and ventilation openings, etc., shall have a radius of curvature of not less than 3,2 mm and, in addition, the width of the projecting parts shall not be less than the amount of their downward projection.

1.1.4.5.

In the case of a projection consisting of a component made of non-rigid material of less than 60 Shore A hardness mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of points 1.1.4.2-1.1.4.4 shall apply only to the rigid support.

1.1.4.6.

The requirements set out in this section shall apply to fittings not mentioned in points 1.1.2-1.1.6 which, in accordance with the requirements set out in points 1.1.1 to 1.1.6 and according to their location in the vehicle, are capable of being contacted by the occupants. If such parts are made of a material softer than 60 Shore A hardness and mounted on one or more rigid supports, the requirements in question shall apply only to those rigid supports.

2.1.1.

The application for EU component type-approval shall be accompanied by the following samples that shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the component type-approval tests:

2.1.2.

at the manufacturer's discretion, either a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved or the part(s) of the vehicle regarded as essential for the checks and tests prescribed by this Regulation; and

2.1.3.

at the request of the aforesaid technical service, certain components and certain samples of the materials used.

3.2.1.

The measuring apparatus for projections shall consist of a hemispherical headform 165 mm in diameter, in which there is a sliding ram of 50 mm diameter.

3.2.2.

Relative positions of the flat end of the ram and the edge of the headform shall be shown on a graduated scale, on which a mobile index shall register the maximum measurement achieved when the apparatus is moved away from the item tested. A minimum distance of 30 mm shall be measurable; the measuring scale shall be graduated in half-millimetres to make possible an indication of the extent of the projections in question.

3.2.3.

Gauging procedure:

3.2.4.

The apparatus for measuring projections is illustrated in Figure 3.

3.3.1.

A cavity shall be formed in the headform by pulling back the ram and the mobile index shall be placed against the ram.

3.3.2.

The apparatus shall be applied to the projection to be measured so that the headform contacts the maximum surrounding surface area, with a force not exceeding 2 daN.

3.3.3.

The ram shall be pushed forward until it makes contact with the projection to be measured and the amount of the projection shall be observed on the scale.

3.3.4.

The headform shall be adjusted to obtain maximum projection. The amount of the projection shall be recorded.

3.3.5.

If two or more controls are situated sufficiently close for the ram or the headform to contact them simultaneously, they shall be treated as follows:

—

the plane XX' remains parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle,

—

the axis X can be rotated above and below the horizontal through angles up to 30°.

In carrying out the test referred to in this point, all materials of less than 60 Shore A hardness shall be removed.

1.1.

‘External surface’ means the outside of the vehicle including wheels, tracks, doors, bumpers, bonnet, access means, tanks.

1.2.

‘Radius of curvature’ means the radius of the arc of a circle which comes closest to the rounded form of the component under consideration.

1.3.

‘Extreme outer edge’ of the vehicle means, in relation to the sides of the vehicle, the plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle coinciding with its outer lateral edge, and, in relation to the front and rear ends, the perpendicular transverse plane of the vehicle coinciding with its outer front and rear edges, account not being taken of the projection:

2.1

This Annex shall apply to those parts, of the external surface which, with the vehicle in the laden condition, equipped with tyres of the highest diameter or set of tracks of the highest vertical dimension, for which it is approved, with all doors, windows and access lids etc., in the closed position, are either:

2.2.

The purpose of these provisions is to reduce the risk or seriousness of bodily injury to a person hit by the exterior of the vehicle or brushing against it in the event of a collision. This is valid both when the vehicle is stationary and in motion.

2.3.

This Annex does not apply to exterior rear-view mirrors.

2.4.

This Annex do not apply to the metallic tracks of vehicles of category C.

3.1.

The external surface of the vehicle shall not exhibit, directed outwards, any pointed or sharp parts, rough surfaces, or any projections of such shape, dimensions, direction or hardness as to be likely to increase the risk or seriousness of bodily injury to a person hit by the external surface or brushing against it in the event of a collision.

3.2.

The external surfaces on each side of the vehicle shall not exhibit, directed outwards, any parts likely to catch on pedestrians, cyclists or motor cyclists.

3.3.

No protruding part of the external surface shall have a radius of curvature less than 2,5 mm. This requirement shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1.5 mm.

3.4.

Protruding parts of the external surface, made of a material of hardness not exceeding 60 Shore A, may have a radius of curvature less than 2,5 mm. The hardness measurement by the Shore A procedure can be replaced by a hardness value declaration from the manufacturer of the component.

3.5.

Vehicles equipped with hydro-pneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or a device for automatic levelling according to load shall be tested with the vehicle in the most adverse normal running condition specified by the manufacturer.

3.6.

Exposed ground or crop engaging tools and material distribution devices on vehicles of category R & S that have sharp edges or teeth when folded in road transport mode and that are already covered by Directive 2006/42/EC are exempted from complying with points 3.1 to 3.5. For exposed areas of any other part of vehicles of category R & S, points 3.1 to 3.5 shall apply.

1.

‘Electromagnetic compatibility’ means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment;

2.

‘Electromagnetic disturbance’ means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s). An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself;

3.

‘Electromagnetic immunity’ means the ability of a vehicle or component(s) or separate technical unit(s) to perform without degradation of performance in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances;

4.

‘Electromagnetic environment’ means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location;

5.

‘Reference limit’ means the nominal level to which type-approval and conformity of production limit values are referenced;

6.

‘Reference antenna’ for the frequency range 20 to 80 MHz: means a shortened balanced dipole being a half wave resonant dipole at 80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz: means a balanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement frequency;

7.

‘Broadband electromagnetic emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver;

8.

‘Narrowband electromagnetic emission’ means an emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver;

9.

‘Electrical/electronic system’ means (an) electrical and/or electronic device(s) or set(s) of devices together with any associated electrical connections which form part of a vehicle but which are not intended to be type approved separately from the vehicle;

10.

‘Electrical/electronic sub-assembly’ (ESA) means an electrical and/or electronic device or set(s) of devices intended to be part of a vehicle, together with any associated electrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialised functions;

11.

‘Type of ESA’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESAs which do not differ as to the function performed or the general arrangement of the electrical and/or electronic components, if applicable.

1.1.1.

The application for approval of a vehicle type, with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Articles 22, 24 and 26 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer.

1.1.2.

The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the information document, the model of which is set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

1.1.3.

The vehicle manufacturer shall draw up a schedule describing all projected combinations of relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs, body styles (1), variations in body material (2), general wiring arrangements, engine variations, left-hand/right-hand drive versions and wheelbase versions. Relevant vehicle electrical/electronic systems or ESAs are those which may emit significant broadband or narrowband radiation and/or those which are involved in the driver’s direct control (see point 3.4.2.3) of the vehicle.

1.1.4.

A representative vehicle shall be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested, in mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority. This vehicle shall represent the vehicle type specified in the information document set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013. The choice of vehicle shall be based on the electrical/electronic systems offered by the manufacturer. One more vehicle may be selected from this schedule for the purpose of being tested if it is considered by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the competent authority that different electrical/electronic systems are included which are likely to have a significant effect on the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility compared with the first representative vehicle.

1.1.5.

The choice of the vehicle(s) in conformity with point 1.1.4 is limited to vehicle/electrical/electronic system combinations intended for actual production.

1.1.6.

The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the EU type-approval certificate.

1.1.7.

A vehicle representative of the type to be approved, according to point 1.1.4 shall be provided to the technical service that carries out the test itself.

1.2.1.

The application for approval of a type of ESA with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility pursuant to Articles 22, 24 and 26 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by the manufacturer of the ESA. An ESA may be approved at the request of a manufacturer as either a ‘component’ or a ‘separate technical unit (STU)’.

1.2.2.

The vehicle manufacturer shall submit the information document, the model of which is set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

1.2.3.

The manufacturer may supplement the application with a report from tests which have been carried out. Any such data provided may be used by the approval authority for the purpose of drawing up the EU type-approval certificate.

1.2.4.

A sample of the ESA representative of the type to be approved shall be provided to the technical service that carries out the test itself, if necessary, after discussion with the manufacturer on, for example, possible variations in the layout, the number of components and the number of sensors. If the technical service deems it necessary, it may select a further sample.

1.2.5.

The sample(s) shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the manufacturer's trade name or mark and the type designation.

1.2.6.

Where applicable, any restrictions on use shall be identified. Any such restrictions shall be included in the information document set out in Article 68(a) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and/or in the EU type-approval certificate set out in Article 68(c) of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.

2.1.

Every ESA conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Regulation shall bear an EU type-approval mark in accordance with Article 34 of Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 and Annex XX to this Regulation.

2.2.

No marking is required for electrical/electronic systems included in vehicle types approved by this Regulation.

2.3.

Markings on ESAs in compliance with points 2.1 and 2.2 need not be visible when the ESA is installed in a vehicle.

3.1.1.

A vehicle (and its electrical/electronic system(s) or ESAs) shall be so designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle, in normal conditions of use, to comply with this Regulation.

3.2.2.1.

If measurements are made using the method described in Part 3 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation reference limits shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 5. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180 microvolts/m).

3.2.2.2.

If measurements are made using the method described in Part 3 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limits shall be 44 dB microvolts/m (160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 562 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 6. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (562 microvolts/m).

3.2.2.3.

On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

3.3.2.1.

If measurements are made using the method described in Part 4 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 10,0 ± 0,2 m, the radiation-reference limits shall be 24 dB microvolts/m (16 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 24 to 35 dB microvolts/m (16 to 56 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 7. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 35 dB microvolts/m (56 microvolts/m).

3.3.2.2.

If measurements are made using the method described in Part 4 using a vehicle-to-antenna spacing of 3,0 ± 0,05 m, the radiation reference limit shall be 34 dB microvolts/m (50 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band and 34 to 45 dB microvolts/m (50 to 180 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz frequency band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 8. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 45 dB microvolts/m (180 microvolts/m).

3.3.2.3.

On the vehicle representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m), shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limit.

3.3.2.4.

Notwithstanding the limits defined in points 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2 and 5.3.2.3, if, during the initial step described in point 1.3 of Part 4, the signal strength measured at the vehicle broadcast radio antenna is less than 20 dB microvolts/m (10 microvolts/m) over the frequency range 88 to 108 MHz, then the vehicle shall be deemed to comply with the limits for narrowband emissions and no further testing shall be required.

3.4.2.1.

If tests are made using the method described in Part 5, the field strength reference level shall be 24 volts/m rms in over 90 % of the 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band and 20 volts/m rms over the whole 20 to 1 000 MHz frequency band.

3.4.2.2.

The vehicle representative of its type shall be considered as complying with immunity requirements if, during the tests performed in accordance with Part 5, and subjected to a field strength, expressed in volts/m, of 25 % above the reference level, there shall be no abnormal change in the speed of the driven wheels of the vehicle, no degradation of performance which would cause confusion to other road users, and no degradation in the driver's direct control of the vehicle which could be observed by the driver or other road user.

3.4.2.3.

The driver’s direct control of the vehicle is exercised by means of steering, braking, or engine speed control.

3.5.2.1.

If measurements are made using the method described in Part 6, the radiation reference limits shall be 64 to 54 dB microvolts/m (1 600 to 500 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 54 to 65 dB microvolts/m (500 to 1 800 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 9 of this Part. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 65 dB microvolts/m (1 800 microvolts/m).

3.5.2.2.

On the ESA representative of its type, the measured values, expressed in dB microvolts/m, (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

3.6.2.1.

If measures are made using the method described in Part 7, the radiation reference limits shall be 54 to 44 dB microvolts/m (500 to 160 microvolts/m) in the 30 to 75 MHz frequency band, this limit decreasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 30 MHz, and 44 to 55 dB microvolts/m (160 to 560 microvolts/m) in the 75 to 400 MHz band, this limit increasing logarithmically (linearly) with frequencies above 75 MHz as shown in point 10 of this Part. In the 400 to 1 000 MHz frequency band the limit remains constant at 55 dB microvolts/m (560 microvolts/m).

3.6.2.2.

On the ESA representative of its type, the measured value, expressed in dB microvolts/m (microvolts/m) shall be at least 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits.

3.7.2.1.

If tests are made using the methods described in Part 8, the immunity test reference levels shall be 48 volts/m for the 150 mm stripline testing method, 12 volts/m for the 800 mm stripline testing method, 60 volts/m for the transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell testing method, 48 mA for the bulk current injection (BCI) testing method and 24 volts/m for the free field testing method.

3.7.2.2.

On the ESA representative of its type at a field strength or current expressed in appropriate linear units 25 % above the reference limit, the ESA shall not exhibit any malfunction which would cause any degradation of performance which could cause confusion to other road users or any degradation in the driver's direct control of a vehicle fitted with the system which could be observed by the driver or other road user.