the status or legal capacity of natural persons;

rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship or out of a relationship deemed by the law applicable to such relationship to have comparable effects to marriage;

maintenance obligations arising from a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity;

wills and succession, including maintenance obligations arising by reason of death;

bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of insolvent companies or other legal persons, judicial arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings;

social security;

arbitration;

employment law;

tenancies of immovable property, with the exception of actions on monetary claims; or

violations of privacy and of rights relating to personality, including defamation.

the official language of the Member State addressed, or, if there are several official languages in that Member State, the official language or one of the official languages of the place where service is to be effected or to where the document is to be dispatched; or

a language which the addressee understands,

demand further details concerning the claim from the parties within a specified period of time, not exceeding 30 days;

take evidence in accordance with Article 9; or

summon the parties to an oral hearing to be held within 30 days of the summons.

by postal service, or

by electronic means:

bank transfer;

credit or debit card payment; or

direct debit from the claimant's bank account.

the defendant was not served with the claim form, or, in the event of an oral hearing, was not summoned to that hearing, in sufficient time and in such a way as to enable him to arrange for his defence; or

the defendant was prevented from contesting the claim by reason of force majeure or due to extraordinary circumstances without any fault on his part,

a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary to establish its authenticity; and

the certificate referred to in Article 20(2) and, where necessary, the translation thereof into the official language of the Member State of enforcement or, if there are several official languages in that Member State, the official language or one of the official languages of court or tribunal proceedings of the place where enforcement is sought in conformity with the law of that Member State, or into another language that the Member State of enforcement has indicated it can accept.

an authorised representative; or

a postal address

the earlier judgment involved the same cause of action and was between the same parties;

the earlier judgment was given in the Member State of enforcement or fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition in the Member State of enforcement; and

the irreconcilability was not and could not have been raised as an objection in the court or tribunal proceedings in the Member State where the judgment in the European Small Claims Procedure was given.

the courts or tribunals competent to give a judgment in the European Small Claims Procedure;

the means of communication accepted for the purposes of the European Small Claims Procedure and available to the courts or tribunals in accordance with Article 4(1);

the authorities or organisations competent to provide practical assistance in accordance with Article 11;

the means of electronic service and communication technically available and admissible under their procedural rules in accordance with Article 13(1), (2) and (3), and the means, if any, for expressing acceptance in advance of the use of electronic means as required by Article 13(1) and (2) available under their national law;

the persons or types of professions, if any, under a legal obligation to accept service of documents or other written communications by electronic means in accordance with Article 13(1) and (2);

the court fees of the European Small Claims Procedure or how they are calculated, as well as the methods of payment accepted for the payment of court fees in accordance with Article 15a;

any appeal available under their procedural law in accordance with Article 17, the time period within which such an appeal is to be lodged, and the court or tribunal with which such an appeal may be lodged;

the procedures for applying for a review as provided for in Article 18 and the competent courts or tribunals for such a review;

the languages they accept pursuant to Article 21a(1); and

the authorities competent with respect to enforcement and the authorities competent for the purposes of the application of Article 23.

a further increase of the limit referred to in Article 2(1) is appropriate in order to attain the objective of this Regulation of facilitating access to justice for citizens and small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border cases; and

an extension of the scope of the European Small Claims Procedure, in particular to claims for remuneration, is appropriate to facilitate access to justice for employees in cross-border employment disputes with their employer, after considering the full impact of such an extension.