(a)

assets;

(b)

liabilities;

(c)

equity;

(d)

income and expenses, including gains and losses;

(e)

other changes in equity; and

(f)

cash flows.

(a)

a balance sheet;

(b)

an income statement;

(c)

a statement of changes in equity showing either:

(d)

a cash-flow statement; and

(e)

notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes.

(a)

the main factors and influences determining financial performance, including changes in the environment in which the entity operates, the entity's response to those changes and their effect, and the entity's policy for investment to maintain and enhance financial performance, including its dividend policy;

(b)

the entity's sources of funding and its targeted ratio of liabilities to equity; and

(c)

the entity's resources not recognised in the balance sheet in accordance with IFRSs.

(a)

international financial reporting standards;

(b)

international accounting standards; and

(c)

interpretations originated by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) or the former Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).

(a)

to select and apply accounting policies in accordance with IAS 8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors. IAS 8 sets out a hierarchy of authoritative guidance that management considers in the absence of a standard or an interpretation that specifically applies to an item;

(b)

to present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information;

(c)

to provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRSs is insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the entity's financial position and financial performance.

(a)

that management has concluded that the financial statements present fairly the entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows;

(b)

that it has complied with applicable standards and interpretations, except that it has departed from a particular requirement to achieve a fair presentation;

(c)

the title of the standard or interpretation from which the entity has departed, the nature of the departure, including the treatment that the standard or interpretation would require, the reason why that treatment would be so misleading in the circumstances that it would conflict with the objective of financial statements set out in the Framework, and the treatment adopted; and

(d)

for each period presented, the financial impact of the departure on each item in the financial statements that would have been reported in complying with the requirement.

(a)

the title of the standard or interpretation in question, the nature of the requirement, and the reason why management has concluded that complying with that requirement is so misleading in the circumstances that it conflicts with the objective of financial statements set out in the Framework; and

(b)

for each period presented, the adjustments to each item in the financial statements that management has concluded would be necessary to achieve a fair presentation.

(a)

why the objective of financial statements is not achieved in the particular circumstances; and

(b)

how the entity's circumstances differ from those of other entities that comply with the requirement. If other entities in similar circumstances comply with the requirement, there is a rebuttable presumption that the entity's compliance with the requirement would not be so misleading that it would conflict with the objective of financial statements set out in the Framework.

(a)

it is apparent, following a significant change in the nature of the entity's operations or a review of its financial statements, that another presentation or classification would be more appropriate having regard to the criteria for the selection and application of accounting policies in IAS 8; or

(b)

a standard or an interpretation requires a change in presentation.

(a)

gains and losses on the disposal of non-current assets, including investments and operating assets, are reported by deducting from the proceeds on disposal the carrying amount of the asset and related selling expenses; and

(b)

expenditure related to a provision that is recognised in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets and reimbursed under a contractual arrangement with a third party (for example, a supplier's warranty agreement) may be netted against the related reimbursement.

(a)

the nature of the reclassification;

(b)

the amount of each item or class of items that is reclassified; and

(c)

the reason for the reclassification.

(a)

the reason for not reclassifying the amounts; and

(b)

the nature of the adjustments that would have been made if the amounts had been reclassified.

(a)

the name of the reporting entity or other means of identification, and any change in that information from the preceding balance sheet date;

(b)

whether the financial statements cover the individual entity or a group of entities;

(c)

the balance sheet date or the period covered by the financial statements, whichever is appropriate to that component of the financial statements;

(d)

the presentation currency, as defined in IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates; and

(e)

the level of rounding used in presenting amounts in the financial statements.

(a)

the reason for using a longer or shorter period; and

(b)

the fact that comparative amounts for the income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash-flow statement and related notes are not entirely comparable.

(a)

it is expected to be realised in, or is intended for sale or consumption in, the entity's normal operating cycle;

(b)

it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

(c)

it is expected to be realised within 12 months after the balance sheet date; or

(d)

it is cash or a cash equivalent (as defined in IAS 7) unless it is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

(a)

it is expected to be settled in the entity's normal operating cycle;

(b)

it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;

(c)

it is due to be settled within 12 months after the balance sheet date; or

(d)

the entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

(a)

the original term was for a period longer than 12 months; and

(b)

an agreement to refinance, or to reschedule payments, on a long-term basis is completed after the balance sheet date and before the financial statements are authorised for issue.

(a)

refinancing on a long-term basis;

(b)

rectification of a breach of a long-term loan agreement; and

(c)

the receipt from the lender of a period of grace to rectify a breach of a long-term loan agreement ending at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.

(a)

property, plant and equipment;

(b)

investment property;

(c)

intangible assets;

(d)

financial assets (excluding amounts shown under (e), (h) and (i));

(e)

investments accounted for using the equity method;

(f)

biological assets;

(g)

inventories;

(h)

trade and other receivables;

(i)

cash and cash equivalents;

(j)

trade and other payables;

(k)

provisions;

(l)

financial liabilities (excluding amounts shown under (j) and (k));

(m)

liabilities and assets for current tax, as defined in IAS 12 Income taxes;

(n)

deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, as defined in IAS 12;

(o)

minority interest, presented within equity; and

(p)

issued capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the parent.

(a)

the total of assets classified as held for sale and assets included in disposal groups classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations; and

(b)

liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5.

(a)

line items are included when the size, nature or function of an item or aggregation of similar items is such that separate presentation is relevant to an understanding of the entity's financial position; and

(b)

the descriptions used and the ordering of items or aggregation of similar items may be amended according to the nature of the entity and its transactions, to provide information that is relevant to an understanding of the entity's financial position. For example, a financial institution may amend the above descriptions to provide information that is relevant to the operations of a financial institution.

(a)

the nature and liquidity of assets;

(b)

the function of assets within the entity; and

(c)

the amounts, nature and timing of liabilities.

(a)

items of property, plant and equipment are disaggregated into classes in accordance with IAS 16;

(b)

receivables are disaggregated into amounts receivable from trade customers, receivables from related parties, prepayments and other amounts;

(c)

inventories are subclassified, in accordance with IAS 2 Inventories, into classifications such as merchandise, production supplies, materials, work in progress and finished goods;

(d)

provisions are disaggregated into provisions for employee benefits and other items; and

(e)

contributed equity and reserves are disaggregated into various classes, such as paid-in capital, share premium and reserves.

(a)

for each class of share capital:

(b)

a description of the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity.

(a)

revenue;

(b)

finance costs;

(c)

share of the profit or loss of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method;

(d)

tax expense;

(e)

a single amount comprising the total of (i) the post-tax profit or loss of discontinued operations and (ii) the post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell or on the disposal of the assets or disposal group(s) constituting the discontinued operation; and

(f)

profit or loss.

(a)

profit or loss attributable to minority interest; and

(b)

profit or loss attributable to equity holders of the parent.

(a)

write-downs of inventories to net realisable value or of property, plant and equipment to recoverable amount, as well as reversals of such write-downs;

(b)

restructurings of the activities of an entity and reversals of any provisions for the costs of restructuring;

(c)

disposals of items of property, plant and equipment;

(d)

disposals of investments;

(e)

discontinued operations;

(f)

litigation settlements; and

(g)

other reversals of provisions.

(a)

profit or loss for the period;

(b)

each item of income and expense for the period that, as required by other standards or by interpretations, is recognised directly in equity, and the total of these items;

(c)

total income and expense for the period (calculated as the sum of (a) and (b)), showing separately the total amounts attributable to equity holders of the parent and to minority interest; and

(d)

for each component of equity, the effects of changes in accounting policies and corrections of errors recognised in accordance with IAS 8.

(a)

the amounts of transactions with equity holders acting in their capacity as equity holders, showing separately distributions to equity holders;

(b)

the balance of retained earnings (i.e. accumulated profit or loss) at the beginning of the period and at the balance sheet date, and the changes during the period; and

(c)

a reconciliation between the carrying amount of each class of contributed equity and each reserve at the beginning and the end of the period, separately disclosing each change.

(a)

present information about the basis of preparation of the financial statements and the specific accounting policies used in accordance with paragraphs 108-115;

(b)

disclose the information required by IFRSs that is not presented on the face of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity or cash-flow statement; and

(c)

provide additional information that is not presented on the face of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity or cash-flow statement, but is relevant to an understanding of any of them.

(a)

a statement of compliance with IFRSs (see paragraph 14);

(b)

a summary of significant accounting policies applied (see paragraph 108);

(c)

supporting information for items presented on the face of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity and cash-flow statement, in the order in which each statement and each line item is presented; and

(d)

other disclosures, including:

(a)

the measurement basis (or bases) used in preparing the financial statements; and

(b)

the other accounting policies used that are relevant to an understanding of the financial statements.

(a)

whether financial assets are held-to-maturity investments;

(b)

when substantially all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of financial assets and lease assets are transferred to other entities;

(c)

whether, in substance, particular sales of goods are financing arrangements and therefore do not give rise to revenue; and

(d)

whether the substance of the relationship between the entity and a special purpose entity indicates that the special purpose entity is controlled by the entity.

(a)

their nature; and

(b)

their carrying amount as at the balance sheet date.

(a)

the nature of the assumption or other estimation uncertainty;

(b)

the sensitivity of carrying amounts to the methods, assumptions and estimates underlying their calculation, including the reasons for the sensitivity;

(c)

the expected resolution of an uncertainty and the range of reasonably possible outcomes within the next financial year in respect of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities affected; and

(d)

an explanation of changes made to past assumptions concerning those assets and liabilities, if the uncertainty remains unresolved.

(a)

qualitative information about its objectives, policies and processes for managing capital, including (but not limited to):

(b)

summary quantitative data about what it manages as capital. Some entities regard some financial liabilities (e.g. some forms of subordinated debt) as part of capital. Other entities regard capital as excluding some components of equity (e.g. components arising from cash flow hedges);

(c)

any changes in (a) and (b) from the previous period;

(d)

whether during the period it complied with any externally imposed capital requirements to which it is subject;

(e)

when the entity has not complied with such externally imposed capital requirements, the consequences of such non-compliance.

(a)

the amount of dividends proposed or declared before the financial statements were authorised for issue but not recognised as a distribution to equity holders during the period, and the related amount per share; and

(b)

the amount of any cumulative preference dividends not recognised.

(a)

the domicile and legal form of the entity, its country of incorporation and the address of its registered office (or principal place of business, if different from the registered office);

(b)

a description of the nature of the entity's operations and its principal activities; and

(c)

the name of the parent and the ultimate parent of the group.

(a)

work in progress arising under construction contracts, including directly related service contracts (see IAS 11 Construction contracts);

(b)

financial instruments (see IAS 32 Financial instruments: presentation and IAS 39 Financial instruments: recognition and measurement); and

(c)

biological assets related to agricultural activity and agricultural produce at the point of harvest (see IAS 41 Agriculture).

(a)

producers of agricultural and forest products, agricultural produce after harvest, and minerals and mineral products, to the extent that they are measured at net realisable value in accordance with well-established practices in those industries. When such inventories are measured at net realisable value, changes in that value are recognised in profit or loss in the period of the change;

(b)

commodity broker-traders who measure their inventories at fair value less costs to sell. When such inventories are measured at fair value less costs to sell, changes in fair value less costs to sell are recognised in profit or loss in the period of the change.

(a)

held for sale in the ordinary course of business;

(b)

in the process of production for such sale; or

(c)

in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services.

(a)

abnormal amounts of wasted materials, labour or other production costs;

(b)

storage costs, unless those costs are necessary in the production process before a further production stage;

(c)

administrative overheads that do not contribute to bringing inventories to their present location and condition; and

(d)

selling costs.

(a)

the accounting policies adopted in measuring inventories, including the cost formula used;

(b)

the total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in classifications appropriate to the entity;

(c)

the carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell;

(d)

the amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the period;

(e)

the amount of any write-down of inventories recognised as an expense in the period in accordance with paragraph 34;

(f)

the amount of any reversal of any write-down that is recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as expense in the period in accordance with paragraph 34;

(g)

the circumstances or events that led to the reversal of a write-down of inventories in accordance with paragraph 34; and

(h)

the carrying amount of inventories pledged as security for liabilities.

(a)

cash receipts from the sale of goods and the rendering of services;

(b)

cash receipts from royalties, fees, commissions and other revenue;

(c)

cash payments to suppliers for goods and services;

(d)

cash payments to and on behalf of employees;

(e)

cash receipts and cash payments of an insurance entity for premiums and claims, annuities and other policy benefits;

(f)

cash payments or refunds of income taxes unless they can be specifically identified with financing and investing activities; and

(g)

cash receipts and payments from contracts held for dealing or trading purposes.

(a)

cash payments to acquire property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other long-term assets. These payments include those relating to capitalised development costs and self-constructed property, plant and equipment;

(b)

cash receipts from sales of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other long-term assets;

(c)

cash payments to acquire equity or debt instruments of other entities and interests in joint ventures (other than payments for those instruments considered to be cash equivalents or those held for dealing or trading purposes);

(d)

cash receipts from sales of equity or debt instruments of other entities and interests in joint ventures (other than receipts for those instruments considered to be cash equivalents and those held for dealing or trading purposes);

(e)

cash advances and loans made to other parties (other than advances and loans made by a financial institution);

(f)

cash receipts from the repayment of advances and loans made to other parties (other than advances and loans of a financial institution);

(g)

cash payments for futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts and swap contracts except when the contracts are held for dealing or trading purposes, or the payments are classified as financing activities; and

(h)

cash receipts from futures contracts, forward contracts, option contracts and swap contracts except when the contracts are held for dealing or trading purposes, or the receipts are classified as financing activities.

(a)

cash proceeds from issuing shares or other equity instruments;

(b)

cash payments to owners to acquire or redeem the entity's shares;

(c)

cash proceeds from issuing debentures, loans, notes, bonds, mortgages and other short or long-term borrowings;

(d)

cash repayments of amounts borrowed; and

(e)

cash payments by a lessee for the reduction of the outstanding liability relating to a finance lease.

(a)

the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments are disclosed; or

(b)

the indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows.

(a)

from the accounting records of the entity; or

(b)

by adjusting sales, cost of sales (interest and similar income and interest expense and similar charges for a financial institution) and other items in the income statement for:

(a)

changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables;

(b)

non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes, unrealised foreign currency gains and losses, undistributed profits of associates, and minority interests; and

(c)

all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows.

(a)

cash receipts and payments on behalf of customers when the cash flows reflect the activities of the customer rather than those of the entity; and

(b)

cash receipts and payments for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short.

(a)

the acceptance and repayment of demand deposits of a bank;

(b)

funds held for customers by an investment entity; and

(c)

rents collected on behalf of, and paid over to, the owners of properties.

(a)

principal amounts relating to credit card customers;

(b)

the purchase and sale of investments; and

(c)

other short-term borrowings, for example, those which have a maturity period of three months or less.

(a)

cash receipts and payments for the acceptance and repayment of deposits with a fixed maturity date;

(b)

the placement of deposits with and withdrawal of deposits from other financial institutions; and

(c)

cash advances and loans made to customers and the repayment of those advances and loans.

(a)

the total purchase or disposal consideration;

(b)

the portion of the purchase or disposal consideration discharged by means of cash and cash equivalents;

(c)

the amount of cash and cash equivalents in the subsidiary or business unit acquired or disposed of; and

(d)

the amount of the assets and liabilities other than cash or cash equivalents in the subsidiary or business unit acquired or disposed of, summarised by each major category.

(a)

the acquisition of assets either by assuming directly related liabilities or by means of a finance lease;

(b)

the acquisition of an entity by means of an equity issue; and

(c)

the conversion of debt to equity.

(a)

the amount of undrawn borrowing facilities that may be available for future operating activities and to settle capital commitments, indicating any restrictions on the use of these facilities;

(b)

the aggregate amounts of the cash flows from each of operating, investing and financing activities related to interests in joint ventures reported using proportionate consolidation;

(c)

the aggregate amount of cash flows that represent increases in operating capacity separately from those cash flows that are required to maintain operating capacity; and

(d)

the amount of the cash flows arising from the operating, investing and financing activities of each reportable segment (see IFRS 8 Operating segments).

(a)

international financial reporting standards;

(b)

international accounting standards; and

(c)

interpretations originated by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) or the former Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC).

(a)

was available when financial statements for those periods were authorised for issue; and

(b)

could reasonably be expected to have been obtained and taken into account in the preparation and presentation of those financial statements.

(a)

the effects of the retrospective application or retrospective restatement are not determinable;

(b)

the retrospective application or retrospective restatement requires assumptions about what management's intent would have been in that period; or

(c)

the retrospective application or retrospective restatement requires significant estimates of amounts and it is impossible to distinguish objectively information about those estimates that:

from other information.

(a)

applying the new accounting policy to transactions, other events and conditions occurring after the date as at which the policy is changed; and

(b)

recognising the effect of the change in the accounting estimate in the current and future periods affected by the change.

(a)

relevant to the economic decision-making needs of users; and

(b)

reliable, in that the financial statements:

(a)

the requirements and guidance in standards and interpretations dealing with similar and related issues; and

(b)

the definitions, recognition criteria and measurement concepts for assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the Framework.

(a)

is required by a standard or an interpretation; or

(b)

results in the financial statements providing reliable and more relevant information about the effects of transactions, other events or conditions on the entity's financial position, financial performance or cash flows.

(a)

the application of an accounting policy for transactions, other events or conditions that differ in substance from those previously occurring; and

(b)

the application of a new accounting policy for transactions, other events or conditions that did not occur previously or were immaterial.

(a)

an entity shall account for a change in accounting policy resulting from the initial application of a standard or an interpretation in accordance with the specific transitional provisions, if any, in that standard or interpretation; and

(b)

when an entity changes an accounting policy upon initial application of a standard or an interpretation that does not include specific transitional provisions applying to that change, or changes an accounting policy voluntarily, it shall apply the change retrospectively.

(a)

the title of the standard or interpretation;

(b)

when applicable, that the change in accounting policy is made in accordance with its transitional provisions;

(c)

the nature of the change in accounting policy;

(d)

when applicable, a description of the transitional provisions;

(e)

when applicable, the transitional provisions that might have an effect on future periods;

(f)

for the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment:

(g)

the amount of the adjustment relating to periods before those presented, to the extent practicable; and

(h)

if retrospective application required by paragraph 19(a) or (b) is impracticable for a particular prior period, or for periods before those presented, the circumstances that led to the existence of that condition and a description of how and from when the change in accounting policy has been applied.

(a)

the nature of the change in accounting policy;

(b)

the reasons why applying the new accounting policy provides reliable and more relevant information;

(c)

for the current period and each prior period presented, to the extent practicable, the amount of the adjustment:

(d)

the amount of the adjustment relating to periods before those presented, to the extent practicable; and

(e)

if retrospective application is impracticable for a particular prior period, or for periods before those presented, the circumstances that led to the existence of that condition and a description of how and from when the change in accounting policy has been applied.

(a)

this fact; and

(b)

known or reasonably estimable information relevant to assessing the possible impact that application of the new standard or interpretation will have on the entity's financial statements in the period of initial application.

(a)

the title of the new standard or interpretation;

(b)

the nature of the impending change or changes in accounting policy;

(c)

the date by which application of the standard or interpretation is required;

(d)

the date as at which it plans to apply the standard or interpretation initially; and

(e)

either:

(a)

bad debts;

(b)

inventory obsolescence;

(c)

the fair value of financial assets or financial liabilities;

(d)

the useful lives of, or expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in, depreciable assets; and

(e)

warranty obligations.