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Document 02014L0094-20211112
Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
Consolidated text: Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (Text with EEA relevance)Text with EEA relevance
No longer in force
02014L0094 — EN — 12.11.2021 — 002.001
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DIRECTIVE 2014/94/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (OJ L 307 28.10.2014, p. 1) |
Amended by:
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date |
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COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2018/674 of 17 November 2017 |
L 114 |
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4.5.2018 |
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COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2019/1745 of 13 August 2019 |
L 268 |
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22.10.2019 |
DIRECTIVE 2014/94/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 22 October 2014
on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
(Text with EEA relevance)
Article 1
Subject matter
This Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union in order to minimise dependence on oil and to mitigate the environmental impact of transport. This Directive sets out minimum requirements for the building-up of alternative fuels infrastructure, including recharging points for electric vehicles and refuelling points for natural gas (LNG and CNG) and hydrogen, to be implemented by means of Member States' national policy frameworks, as well as common technical specifications for such recharging and refuelling points, and user information requirements.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions apply:
‘alternative fuels’ means fuels or power sources which serve, at least partly, as a substitute for fossil oil sources in the energy supply to transport and which have the potential to contribute to its decarbonisation and enhance the environmental performance of the transport sector. They include, inter alia:
‘electric vehicle’ means a motor vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one non-peripheral electric machine as energy converter with an electric rechargeable energy storage system, which can be recharged externally;
‘recharging point’ means an interface that is capable of charging one electric vehicle at a time or exchanging a battery of one electric vehicle at a time;
‘normal power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle with a power less than or equal to 22 kW, excluding devices with a power less than or equal to 3,7 kW, which are installed in private households or the primary purpose of which is not recharging electric vehicles, and which are not accessible to the public;
‘high power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle with a power of more than 22 kW;
‘shore-side electricity supply’ means the provision of shore-side electrical power through a standardised interface to seagoing ships or inland waterway vessels at berth;
‘recharging or refuelling point accessible to the public’ means a recharging or refuelling point to supply an alternative fuel which provides Union-wide non-discriminatory access to users. Non-discriminatory access may include different terms of authentication, use and payment;
‘refuelling point’ means a refuelling facility for the provision of any fuel with the exception of LNG, through a fixed or a mobile installation;
‘refuelling point for LNG’ means a refuelling facility for the provision of LNG, consisting of either a fixed or mobile facility, offshore facility, or other system.
Article 3
National policy frameworks
Each Member State shall adopt a national policy framework for the development of the market as regards alternative fuels in the transport sector and the deployment of the relevant infrastructure. It shall contain at least the following elements:
Based on the national policy frameworks, the Commission shall publish and regularly update information on the national targets and the objectives submitted by each Member State regarding:
Where applicable, information regarding the following shall also be published:
Article 4
Electricity supply for transport
Member States shall ensure that high power recharging points for electric vehicles, excluding wireless or inductive units, deployed or renewed as from 18 November 2017, comply at least with the technical specifications set out in point 1.2 of Annex II.
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to:
supplement this Article and points 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 of Annex II in order to require compliance of the infrastructures to be deployed or renewed with the technical specifications contained in the European standards to be developed pursuant to paragraph 13 of this Article, where the relevant ESOs have recommended only one technical solution with technical specifications as described in a relevant European standard;
update the references to the standards referred to in the technical specifications set out in point 1 of Annex II where those standards are replaced by new versions thereof adopted by the relevant standardisation organisations.
It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.
Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.
Article 5
Hydrogen supply for road transport
It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.
Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.
Article 6
Natural gas supply for transport
Without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, the Union shall pursue the development by the relevant European or international standardisation organisations of standards, including detailed technical specifications, for:
refuelling points for LNG for maritime and inland waterway transport;
refuelling points for LNG and CNG motor vehicles.
The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to:
supplement this Article and points 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4 of Annex II, in order to require compliance of the infrastructures to be deployed or renewed with the technical specifications contained in the standards to be developed pursuant to points (a) and (b) of paragraph 10 of this Article, where the relevant ESOs have recommended only one technical solution with technical specifications as described in a relevant European standard compatible with the relevant international standards, where applicable;
update the references to the standards referred to in the technical specifications set out or to be set out in point 3 of Annex II where those standards are replaced by new versions thereof adopted by the relevant European or international standardisation organisations.
It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with experts, including Member States' experts, before adopting those delegated acts.
Those delegated acts shall provide for transitional periods of at least 24 months before the technical specifications contained therein, or amendments thereof, become binding on the infrastructure to be deployed or renewed.
In the absence of a standard containing detailed technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for maritime and inland waterway transport, referred to in point (a) of paragraph 10, and in particular in the absence of those specifications relating to bunkering of LNG, the Commission, taking into account the work ongoing within the IMO, the CCNR, the Danube Commission and other relevant international fora, shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 8 to lay down:
It is of particular importance that the Commission follow its usual practice and carry out consultations with relevant groups of experts on maritime transport and on inland waterway transport, including experts from national maritime or inland navigation authorities, before adopting those delegated acts.
Article 7
User information
The supply of information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be based on the labelling provisions regarding fuel compliance under standards of the ESOs setting the technical specifications of fuels. Where such standards refer to a graphical expression, including a colour coding scheme, the graphical expression shall be simple and easy to understand, and it shall be placed in a clearly visible manner:
on corresponding pumps and their nozzles at all refuelling points, as from the date on which fuels are placed on the market;
on or in the immediate proximity of all fuel tanks' filling caps of motor vehicles recommended and compatible with that fuel and in motor vehicle manuals, when such motor vehicles are placed on the market after 18 November 2016.
In order to increase consumer awareness and provide for fuel price transparency in a consistent way across the Union, the Commission shall be empowered to adopt, by means of implementing acts, a common methodology for alternative fuels unit price comparison.
Article 8
Exercise of the delegation
Article 9
Committee procedure
Article 10
Reporting and review
The Commission report shall contain the following elements:
The Commission may outline examples of best practices and make appropriate recommendations.
The Commission report shall also assess the requirements and the dates set out in this Directive in respect of the infrastructure build-up and implementation of specifications, taking into account the technical, economic and market developments of the respective alternative fuels, accompanied if appropriate by a legislative proposal.
Article 11
Transposition
Article 12
Entry into force
This Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Article 13
Addressees
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
ANNEX I
REPORT
The report shall contain a description of the measures taken in a Member State in support of alternative fuels infrastructure build-up. The report shall include at least the following elements:
1. Legal measures
Information on legal measures, which may consist of legislative, regulatory or administrative measures to support the build-up of alternative fuels infrastructure, such as building permits, parking lot permits, certification of the environmental performance of businesses and fuel stations concessions.
2. Policy measures supporting the implementation of the national policy framework
Information on those measures shall include the following elements:
3. Deployment and manufacturing support
Annual public budget allocated for alternative fuels infrastructure deployment, broken down by alternative fuel and by transport mode (road, rail, water and air).
Annual public budget allocated to support manufacturing plants for alternative fuels technologies, broken down by alternative fuel and by transport mode.
Consideration of any particular needs during the initial phase of the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructures.
4. Research, technological development and demonstration (RTD&D)
Annual public budget allocated to support alternative fuels RTD&D, broken down by fuel and by transport mode.
5. Targets and objectives
6. Alternative fuels infrastructure developments
Changes in supply (additional infrastructure capacity) and demand (capacity actually used).
ANNEX II
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
1. Technical specifications for recharging points
1.1. Normal power recharging points for motor vehicles
Alternating current (AC) normal power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes, at least with socket outlets or vehicle connectors of Type 2 as described in standard EN 62196-2. While maintaining the Type 2 compatibility, those socket outlets may be equipped with features such as mechanical shutters.
1.2. High power recharging points for motor vehicles
Alternating current (AC) high power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes, at least with connectors of Type 2 as described in standard EN 62196-2.
Direct current (DC) high power recharging points for electric vehicles shall be equipped, for interoperability purposes, at least with connectors of the combined charging system ‘Combo 2’ as described in standard EN 62196-3.
1.3. Wireless recharging points for motor vehicles
1.4. Battery swapping for motor vehicles
1.5. Recharging points for L-category motor vehicles
1.6. Recharging points for electric buses
1.7. Shore-side electricity supply for seagoing ships
Shore-side electricity supply for seagoing ships, including the design, installation and testing of the systems, shall comply with the technical specifications of the IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1 standard.
1.8. Shore-side electricity supply for inland waterway vessels
2. Technical specifications for hydrogen refuelling points for motor vehicles
2.1. Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen used as fuel on board motor vehicles shall comply with the interoperability requirements described in standard EN 17127 ‘Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen and incorporating filling protocols’.
2.2. The quality characteristics of hydrogen dispensed by hydrogen refuelling points for motor vehicles shall comply with the requirements described in standard EN 17124, ‘Hydrogen fuel — Product specification and quality assurance — Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles’, the methods to ensure that the hydrogen quality is met are also described in the standard.
2.3. The fuelling algorithm shall comply with the requirements of standard EN 17127, ‘Outdoor hydrogen refuelling points dispensing gaseous hydrogen and incorporating filling protocols’.
2.4. Once concluded the processes of certification of standard EN ISO 17268 connectors, connectors for motor vehicles for the refuelling of gaseous hydrogen shall comply with standard EN ISO 17268 ‘Gaseous hydrogen land vehicle refuelling connection devices’.
3. Technical specifications for natural gas refuelling points
3.1. Technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for inland waterway vessels or sea-going ships
3.2. Technical specifications for refuelling points for LNG for motor vehicles
3.3. The connector profile shall comply with the requirements in standard EN ISO 14469 ‘Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling connector’.
3.4. Technical specifications for CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles