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Document 02013D0255-20220721
Council Decision 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
Consolidated text: Council Decision 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
Council Decision 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
02013D0255 — EN — 21.07.2022 — 043.001
This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. The Union's institutions do not assume any liability for its contents. The authentic versions of the relevant acts, including their preambles, are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union and available in EUR-Lex. Those official texts are directly accessible through the links embedded in this document
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COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria (OJ L 147 1.6.2013, p. 14) |
Amended by:
Corrected by:
The presentation of this consolidated text takes into account judgments of the EU Courts concerning entries in the list of designated persons and entities.
COUNCIL DECISION 2013/255/CFSP
of 31 May 2013
concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria
CHAPTER I
EXPORT AND IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
Article 1
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
It shall be prohibited to:
provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering services or other services related to the items referred to in paragraph 1 or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria;
provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraph 1, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for the provision of related technical assistance, brokering services or other services to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the sale, supply, transport or export of certain equipment, goods and technology which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression or to the provision of related technical or financial assistance, where a Member State determines on a case-by-case basis that they are intended for:
food, agricultural, medical or other humanitarian purposes, or for the benefit of UN Personnel, or personnel of the Union or its Member States; or
activities undertaken in accordance with paragraph 10 of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118(2013) and related decisions of the Executive Council of the OPCW, consistent with the objective of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention) and after consultation with the OPCW.
Article 2
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
The provision of:
technical assistance, brokering services or other services related to the items referred to in paragraph 1 or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria;
financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraph 1, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for the provision of related technical assistance, brokering services or other services to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria,
shall also be subject to an authorisation of the competent authority of the exporting Member State.
Article 3
Article 4
The sale, supply, transfer or export of equipment or software intended primarily for use in the monitoring or interception by the Syrian regime, or on its behalf, of the Internet and of telephone communications on mobile or fixed networks in Syria and the provision of assistance to install, operate or update such equipment or software shall be prohibited.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 5
Article 6
With a view to helping the civilian population in Syria in cases not covered by Article 5(3) and by way of derogation from Article 5(1) and (2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise, on the general and specific terms and conditions they deem appropriate, the purchase or transport in Syria of petroleum products and the provision of associated financing or financial assistance, provided that the following conditions are met:
the activities concerned are for the sole purpose of providing humanitarian relief in Syria or assistance to the civilian population in Syria; and
the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
Article 7
The prohibitions in Article 5 shall be without prejudice to the execution, until 15 November 2011, of obligations provided for in contracts concluded before 2 September 2011.
Article 7a
Article 8
The sale, supply or transfer of key equipment and technology for the following key sectors of the oil and natural gas industry in Syria, or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, by nationals of Member States, or from the territories of Member States, or using vessels or aircraft under the jurisdiction of Member States shall be prohibited whether or not originating in their territories:
refining;
liquefied natural gas;
exploration;
production.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
It shall be prohibited to provide the following to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the key sectors of the Syrian oil and gas industry referred to in paragraph 1 or to Syrian, or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria:
technical assistance or training and other services related to key equipment and technology as referred to in paragraph 1;
financing or financial assistance for any sale, supply, transfer or export of key equipment and technology as set out in paragraph 1 or for the provision of related technical assistance or training.
Article 9
Article 10
With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from Article 8(1) and (2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the sale, supply or transfer of key equipment and technology for the key sectors of the oil and natural gas industry in Syria referred to in Article 8(1), or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria and the provision of related technical assistance or training and other services, as well as financing or financial assistance, provided that the following conditions are met:
the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.
Article 11
The delivery of Syrian denominated banknotes and coinage to the Central Bank of Syria shall be prohibited.
Article 12
The direct or indirect sale, purchase, transportation or brokering of gold and precious metals, as well as of diamonds to, from or for the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria, as well as to, from or for persons and entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or entities owned or controlled by them, shall be prohibited.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 13
The sale, supply, transfer or export of luxury goods to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 13a
It shall be prohibited to import, export, transfer or provide related brokering services for cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance which have been illegally removed from Syria, or where reasonable suspicion exists that they have been illegally removed from Syria, on or after 15 March 2011. The prohibition shall not apply if it is shown that the cultural items are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
CHAPTER II
RESTRICTIONS ON FINANCING OF CERTAIN ENTERPRISES
Article 14
The following shall be prohibited:
the granting of any financial loan or credit to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria;
the granting of any financial loan or credit to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria;
the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or in Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, including the acquisition in full of such enterprises and the acquisition of shares or securities of a participating nature;
the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria, including the acquisition in full of such enterprises and the acquisition of shares or securities of a participating nature;
the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control;
the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control.
Article 15
The prohibitions set out in points (a) and (c) of Article 14:
shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements concluded before 23 September 2011;
shall not prevent the extension of a participation, if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded before 23 September 2011.
The prohibitions set out in points (b) and (d) of Article 14:
shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements concluded before 1 December 2011;
shall not prevent the extension of a participation, if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded before 1 December 2011.
Article 16
With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from points (a), (c) and (e) of Article 14, the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the granting of any financial loan or credit to or the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, or the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control, provided that the following conditions are met:
the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.
CHAPTER III
RESTRICTIONS ON INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Article 17
CHAPTER IV
RESTRICTIONS ON FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR TRADE
Article 18
CHAPTER V
FINANCIAL SECTOR
Article 19
Member States shall not enter into new commitments for grants, financial assistance or concessional loans to the Government of Syria, including through their participation in international financial institutions, except for humanitarian and developmental purposes.
Article 20
The following shall be prohibited:
any disbursement or payment by the European Investment Bank (EIB) under or in connection with any existing loan agreements entered into between Syria and the EIB;
the continuation by the EIB of any existing Technical Assistance Service Contracts for sovereign projects located in Syria.
Article 21
The following shall be prohibited: the direct or indirect sale or purchase of, or brokering or assistance in the issuance of Syrian public or public-guaranteed bonds issued after 1 December 2011 to and from the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria, or banks domiciled in Syria, or branches and subsidiaries within and outside the jurisdiction of Member States of banks domiciled in Syria, or financial entities that are neither domiciled in Syria nor within the jurisdiction of the Member States, but are controlled by persons and entities domiciled in Syria as well as any persons and entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or entities owned or controlled by them.
Article 22
Article 23
With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from Article 22(2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise financial institutions within the territories of the Member States or under their jurisdiction to open representative offices, subsidiaries or banking accounts in Syria, provided that the following conditions are met:
the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.
Article 24
Paragraph 1 shall not apply to the provision of:
health or travel insurance to natural persons;
compulsory or third party insurance to Syrian persons, entities or bodies based in the Union;
insurance or re-insurance to the owner of a vessel, aircraft or vehicle chartered by a Syrian person, entity or body and which person, entity or body is not listed in Annex I or II.
CHAPTER VI
TRANSPORT SECTOR
Article 25
Article 26
CHAPTER VII
RESTRICTIONS ON ADMISSION
Article 27
In accordance with the assessments and determinations made by the Council in the context of the situation in Syria as set out in recitals 5 to 11, Member States shall also take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into, or transit through, their territories of:
leading businesspersons operating in Syria;
members of the Assad or Makhlouf families;
Syrian Government Ministers in power after May 2011;
members of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of ‘colonel’ and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011;
members of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011;
members of regime-affiliated militias; or
persons operating in the chemical weapons proliferation sector,
and persons associated with them, as listed in Annex I.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be without prejudice to the cases where a Member State is bound by an obligation of international law, namely:
as a host country to an international intergovernmental organisation;
as a host country to an international conference convened by, or under the auspices of, the UN;
under a multilateral agreement conferring privileges and immunities; or
under the 1929 Treaty of Conciliation (Lateran pact) concluded by the Holy See (State of the Vatican City) and Italy.
CHAPTER VIII
FREEZING OF FUNDS AND ECONOMIC RESSOURCES
Article 28
In accordance with the assessments and determinations made by the Council in the context of the situation in Syria as set out in recitals 5 to 11, all funds and economic resources belonging to, or owned, held or controlled by:
leading businesspersons operating in Syria;
members of the Assad or Makhlouf families;
Syrian Government Ministers in power after May 2011;
members of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of ‘colonel’ and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011;
members of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011;
members of regime-affiliated militias; or
members of entities, units, agencies, bodies or institutions operating in the chemical weapons proliferation sector,
and persons and entities associated with them, as listed in Annex I, shall be frozen.
The competent authority of a Member State may authorise the release of certain frozen funds or economic resources, or the making available of certain funds or economic resources, under such conditions as it deems appropriate, after having determined that the funds or economic resources concerned are:
necessary to satisfy the basic needs of the persons listed in Annexes I and II and their dependent family members, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges;
intended exclusively for the payment of reasonable professional fees and the reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services;
intended exclusively for the payment of fees or service charges for the routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or economic resources; or
necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that the competent authority has notified the competent authorities of the other Member States and the Commission of the grounds on which it considers that a specific authorisation should be granted, at least two weeks prior to the authorisation;
▼M21 —————
to be paid into or from an account of a diplomatic or consular mission or an international organisation enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, in so far as such payments are intended to be used for official purposes of the diplomatic or consular mission or international organisation;
necessary for evacuations from Syria;
intended for the Central Bank of Syria or Syrian State-owned entities, as listed in Annexes I and II, to make payments on behalf of the Syrian Arab Republic to the OPCW for activities related to the OPCW verification mission and the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons, and in particular to the OPCW Syrian Special Trust Fund for activities related to the complete destruction of Syrian chemical weapons outside the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic.
A Member State shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation it grants under this paragraph.
By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, the competent authorities of a Member State, may authorise the release of certain frozen funds or economic resources, provided that the following conditions are met:
the funds or economic resources are subject of an arbitral decision rendered prior to the date on which the person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 was listed in Annex I or II or of a judicial or administrative decision rendered in the Union, or a judicial decision enforceable in the Member State concerned, prior to or after that date;
the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a decision or recognised as valid in such a decision, within the limits set by applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of persons having such claims;
the decision is not for the benefit of a person or entity listed in Annex I or II; and
recognising the decision is not contrary to public policy in the Member State concerned.
A Member State shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation granted under this paragraph.
Paragraph 5 shall not apply to the addition to frozen accounts of:
interest or other earnings on those accounts; or
payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that were concluded or arose prior to the date on which those accounts became subject to this Decision,
provided that any such interest, other earnings and payments remain subject to paragraphs 1 and 2.
Article 28a
CHAPTER IX
GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 29
No claims, including for compensation or indemnification or any other claim of this kind, such as a claim of set-off, fines or a claim under a guarantee, claims for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee, including claims arising from letters of credit and similar instruments in connection with any contract or transaction the performance of which was affected, directly or indirectly, wholly or in part, by reason of measures covered by this Decision, shall be granted to the designated persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II, or any other person or entity in Syria, including the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, or any person or entity claiming through or for the benefit of any such person or entity.
Article 30
Article 31
Article 32
It shall be prohibited to participate, knowingly or intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
Article 33
In order to maximise the impact of the measures set out in this Decision, the Union shall encourage third States to adopt restrictive measures similar to those contained in this Decision.
Article 34
This Decision shall apply until 1 June 2023. It shall be kept under constant review. It may be renewed, or amended as appropriate, if the Council deems that its objectives have not been met.
Article 35
This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
ANNEX I
List of natural and legal persons, entities or bodies referred to in Articles 27 and 28
A. Persons
|
|
Name |
Identifying information |
Reasons |
Date of listing |
|
1. |
Bashar ( |
Date of birth: 11.9.1965; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D1903; Gender: male |
President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators. |
23.5.2011 |
|
2. |
Maher ( |
Date of birth: 8.12.1967; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 4138; Position: Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division Gender: male |
Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division. Member of the Assad family; brother of President Bashar al‐Assad. |
9.5.2011 |
|
3. |
Ali MAMLUK (a.k.a. Ali Mamlouk; Ali Al-Mamlouk; Abu Ayham) (علي المملوك; أبو أيهم; علي مملوك) |
Date of birth: 19.2.1946; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 983; Gender: male |
Vice President of the Syrian Arab Republic for Security Affairs. Former Director of the National Security Bureau. Former Head of Syrian Intelligence Directorate involved in violence against demonstrators. |
9.5.2011 |
|
4. |
Atif NAJIB (a.k.a. Atef; Atej Najeeb) (عاطف نجيب) |
Place of birth: Jablah, Syria; Rank: Brigadier General; Gender: male |
Former Head of the Political Security Directorate in Dara’a. Involved in violence against demonstrators. Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al-Assad. |
9.5.2011 |
|
5. |
Hafiz ( (a.k.a. Hafez Makhlouf) |
Date of birth: 2.4.1971; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 2246; Gender: male |
Former Colonel and Head of Unit in General Intelligence Directorate, Damascus Branch in post after May 2011. Member of the Makhlouf family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad. |
9.5.2011 |
|
6. |
Muhammad ( (a.k.a. Mohammed Dib Zeitoun; a.k.a. Mohamed Dib Zeitun) |
Date of birth: 20.5.1951; Place of birth: Jubba, Damascus province, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D000001300; Gender: male |
Director of the National Security Bureau since July 2019. Former Head of the General Security Directorate; involved in violence against demonstrators. |
9.5.2011 |
|
7. |
Amjad ( |
Gender: male |
Former head of Political Security in Banyas, involved in violence against demonstrators in Baida. Promoted to the rank of Colonel in 2018. |
9.5.2011 |
|
8. |
Rami ( |
Date of birth: 10.7.1969; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No 000098044; Issue No 002‐03‐0015187; Gender: male |
Leading businessman operating in Syria with interests in the telecommunications, financial services, transport and property sectors. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions in Syriatel (the leading mobile telephone operator in Syria) and in the investment funds Al Mashreq, Bena Properties and Cham Holding. He furnishes financing and support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests. He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar Al‐Assad. |
9.5.2011 |
|
9. |
Abd al‐Fatah ( |
Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D0005788; Gender: male |
Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Deputy Director of the National Security Bureau of the Ba’ath Party. Former Head of the Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate. Involved in violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. |
9.5.2011 |
|
10. |
Jamil ( |
Date of birth: 7.7.1953; Place of birth: Qusayr, Homs province, Syria; Former Head of Syrian Air Force Intelligence; Gender: male |
Officer of the rank of Major‐General in the Syrian Air Force in post after May 2011. Former head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence in post after May 2011 and until July 2019. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. |
9.5.2011 |
|
11. |
Mohammad Mouti' MOUAYYAD (a.k.a. Mohammad Muti'a Moayyad) |
Date of birth: 1968; Place of birth: Ariha (Idlib), Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
12. |
Ghazwan Kheir BEK (a.k.a. Ghazqan Kheir Bek) |
Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). He was previously General Director of the Port of Tartous. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
13. |
Munzir ( |
Date of birth: 1.3.1961; Place of birth: Kerdaha, Latakia Province, Syria; Passports No 86449 and No 842781; Gender: male |
Involved in violence against the civilian population as part of the Shabiha militia. |
9.5.2011 |
|
14. |
Brigadier General Mohammed BILAL (a.k.a. Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Bilal) |
Gender: male |
As a senior officer in the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service, he supports the Syrian regime and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. He is also associated with the listed Scientific Studies Research Centre (SSRC). |
21.10.2014 |
|
15. |
Kamal CHEIKHA (a.k.a. Kamal al‐Sheikha) |
Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
16. |
Faruq ( |
Date of birth: 10.12.1938; Gender: male |
Former Vice‐President of Syria; involved in violence against the civilian population. |
23.5.2011 |
|
17. |
Hassan NOURI (a.k.a. Hassan al‐Nouri) |
Date of birth: 9.2.1960; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Administrative Development in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
18. |
Mohammed ( |
Date of birth: 20.5.1966; Passport No 002954347; Gender: male |
Leading businessman operating in Syria, with interests in the engineering and construction, media, hospitality and health sector. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions within a number of companies in Syria, in particular Hamsho International, Hamsho Communication, Mhg International, Jupiter for Investment and Tourism project and Syria Metal Industries. He plays an important role in the business community in Syria as general secretary of the Damascus Chamber of Commerce (appointed by the then Minister for economy Khodr Orfali in December 2014), chairman of the China‐Syria Bilateral Business Councils (since March 2014) and chairman of the Syrian Metal and Steel Council (since December 2015). He has close business relationships with key figures of the Syrian regime, including Maher al‐Assad. He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime through his business interests, and is associated with persons benefiting from and providing support to that regime. |
27.1.2015 |
|
19. |
Iyad ( |
Date of birth: 21.1.1973; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No N001820740; Gender: male |
Member of the Makhlouf family; son of Mohammed Makhlouf, brother of Hafez Makhlouf and Rami Makhlouf and brother of Ihab Makhlouf; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad. Member of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011. As an officer in the General Intelligence Directorate, involved in violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
23.5.2011 |
|
20. |
Bassam ( |
Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Sheen, Homs, Syria; Rank: Major General; Gender: male |
Presidential Advisor for Strategic Affairs; head of the General Secretariat of the National Defence. Involved in violence against the civilian population. |
23.5.2011 |
|
▼M29 ————— |
||||
|
22. |
Ihab MAKHLOUF (a.k.a. Ehab, Iehab) (ايهاب مخلوف) |
Date of birth: 21.1.1973; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport no: N002848852; Gender: male |
Leading businessman operating in Syria. He has business interests in several Syrian companies and entities, including Ramak Construction Co and Syrian International Private University for Science and Technology (SIUST). He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al-Assad. In 2020, Ehab Makhlouf took over Rami Makhlouf’s business activities and the Syrian government granted him the contracts to operate and manage the duty-free markets across the country. |
23.5.2011 |
|
23. |
Zoulhima ( (a.k.a. Dhu al‐Himma Shalish) |
Date of birth: 1946 or 1951 or 1956; Place of birth: Kerdaha, Syria; Rank: Major General; Gender: male |
Officer of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011; former Head of Presidential Security. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Involved in violence against demonstrators. Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad. |
23.6.2011 |
|
24. |
Riyad ( (a.k.a. Riyad Shalish) |
Function: chairman of Riyad Isa Development Corporation; Gender: male |
Former Director of Military Housing Establishment; provides funding to the Syrian regime; first cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad. |
23.6.2011 |
|
25. |
Brigadier Commander Mohammad ( |
Date of birth: 1.9.1957; Place of birth: Yazd, Iran; Gender: male |
Head of ‘Baqiayt Allah’, cultural organisation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. General Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps until 21.4.2019, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. |
23.6.2011 |
|
▼M34 ————— |
||||
|
27. |
Hossein ( (a.k.a. Taeb, Hassan; a.k.a. Taeb, Hosein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hossein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hussayn; a.k.a. Hojjatoleslam Hossein Ta'eb) |
Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Tehran, Iran; Gender: male |
Director of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Intelligence Service. Former Deputy Commander for Intelligence of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. |
23.6.2011 |
|
28. |
Khalid (a.k.a. Khaled) QADDUR (a.k.a. Qadour, Qaddour, Kaddour) (خالد قدور) |
Gender: male |
Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in the telecommunications, oil, plastic and tabacco industry sectors and close business relations with Maher al-Assad. He is linked to smuggling activities. He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business activities. Associate of Maher al-Assad, including through his business activities. |
27.1.2015 |
|
29. |
Ra'if ( (a.k.a. Ri'af al‐Quwatli a.k.a. Raeef al‐Kouatly) |
Date of birth: 3.2.1967; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Business associate of Maher al‐Assad and responsible for managing some of his business interests; provides funding to the Syrian regime. |
23.6.2011 |
|
30. |
Mohammad ( |
Gender: male |
Head of Syrian Military Intelligence in the town of Hama; involved in the crackdown on demonstrators. |
1.8.2011 |
|
31. |
Major General Tawfiq ( |
Gender: male |
Former head of the Department for Internal Security of the General Intelligence Directorate; involved in violence against the civilian population. |
1.8.2011 |
|
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33. |
Ayman JABIR (a.k.a. Aiman Jaber) (أيمن جابر) |
Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Leading businessman operating in Syria, involved in the steel, media, consumable goods and oil sectors, including in trading those goods. He has financial interests and/or holds senior executive positions in a number of companies and entities in Syria, in particular Al Jazira (a.k.a. Al Jazerra, El Jazireh), Dunia TV and Sama Satellite Channel. Through his company Al Jazira, Ayman Jabir has facilitated the importation of oil from Overseas Petroleum Trading to Syria. Ayman Jabir benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests. Provides direct support for and plays a leading role in activities of regime-affiliated militias known as Shabiha and/or Suqur as-Sahraa. He is an honorary president of ‘Wafa lil-Watan’ (loyalty to homeland), which is an association providing aid to families of Syrian soldiers and militias. Associate of Rami Makhlouf through his business activities, and an associate of Maher al-Assad through his role in regime-affiliated militias. |
27.1.2015 |
|
34. |
Hayel ( (a.k.a. Hael al‐Asad (هاىلالأسد)) |
Gender: male |
Assistant to Maher al‐Assad; Head of the military police unit of the army’s 4th Division, involved in repression. |
23.8.2011 |
|
35. |
Ali ( |
Gender: male |
Director of the supplies office of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, entry point for all arms acquisitions by the Syrian army. |
23.8.2011 |
|
36. |
Nizar AL-ASSAD (a.k.a. al-Asad, Assad, Asad, Assaad, Asaad, Al-Assaad) ( اسعد, الاسعد,الاسد;نزار) |
Date of birth: 2.3.1948 or 23.3.1948 or March 1948; Nationalities: Syrian, Lebanese and Canadian; Syrian passport No 011090258; Lebanese passport No RL0003434; Canadian passport No AG629220; Gender: male |
Leading Syrian businessperson with close ties to the regime. Associated with the Assad and Makhlouf families. As such, he has been participating in, benefiting from or otherwise supporting the Syrian regime. Leading oil investor, founder and head of the Lead Contracting & Trading Ltd company. |
23.8.2011 |
|
37. |
Major General Rafiq ( |
Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Former Head of Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch 293 (Internal Affairs) in Damascus. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Damascus. Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad for strategic questions and military intelligence. |
23.8.2011 |
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41. |
Ali ( |
Date of birth: 1933; Place of birth: Karfis, Syria; Gender: male |
Special Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad. As Special Advisor, participates in, benefits from and supports the Syrian regime. Has been involved in violently repressing the civilian population in Syria. |
23.8.2011 |
|
42. |
Brigadier‐General Nawful ( |
Gender: male |
Idlib Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch Chief. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Idlib province. |
23.8.2011 |
|
43. |
Brigadier Husam ( |
Gender: male |
Presidential Adviser on Security Affairs. Presidential Adviser for security agencies’ repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
23.8.2011 |
|
44. |
Brigadier‐General Muhammed ( |
Gender: male |
Branch Chief for Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) in Homs. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Homs. |
23.8.2011 |
|
45. |
Munir ( |
Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Passport No 0000092405; Position: Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training, Syrian Army; Rank: Lieutenant‐General, Syrian Arab Army; Gender: male |
Officer of the rank of Lieutenant General and Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training for the Syrian Army in post after May 2011. In his position as Deputy Chief of General Staff he was directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
23.8.2011 |
|
46. |
Brigadier‐General Ghassan ( |
Gender: male |
Head of General Intelligence Directorate’s Information Branch. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
23.8.2011 |
|
47. |
Mohammed ( |
Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Shabiha militia. Associate of Maher al‐Assad for the Shabiha militia. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population, and in coordination of Shabiha militia groups. |
23.8.2011 |
|
48. |
Samir HASSAN (سمير حسن) |
Gender: male |
Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in the Amir Group and Cham Holding, two conglomerates with interests in the real estate, tourism, transport and finance sectors. President of the Syria-Russia Business Council and plays a significant role in the economic relations with the Russian Federation through the Syria-Russia Business Council. Samir Hassan supports the Syrian regime’s war effort with cash donations. Samir Hassan is associated with persons benefitting from or supporting the regime. In particular, he is associated with Rami Makhlouf and Issam Anbouba, who have been designated by the Council and benefit from the Syrian regime. |
27.9.2014 |
|
49. |
Fares ( (a.k.a. Fares Shihabi; Fares Chihabi) |
Son of Ahmad Chehabi; Date of birth: 7.5.1972; Gender: male |
President of Aleppo Chamber of Industry; Chairman of the Federation of Chambers of Industry since 16.12.2018. Vice‐Chairman of Cham Holding. Provides economic support to the Syrian regime. Member of Syrian Parliament since 2016. |
2.9.2011 |
|
50. |
Tarif ( |
Date of birth: 2.6.1951; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Syrian passport No 0000092405; Gender: male |
Prominent businessman benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. Founder of the Akhras Group (commodities, trading, processing and logistics) and former Chairman of the Homs Chamber of Commerce. Close business relations with President Bashar al‐Assad’s family. Member of the Board of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Commerce. Provided logistical support for the regime (buses and tank loaders). |
2.9.2011 |
|
51. |
Issam ( |
President of Anbouba for Agricultural Industries Co.; Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Gender: male |
Providing financial support for the repressive apparatus and the paramilitary groups exerting violence against the civil population in Syria. Providing property (premises, warehouses) for improvised detention centres. Financial relations with high‐ranking Syrian officials. Co‐founder and member of the board of Cham Holding. |
2.9.2011 |
|
52. |
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|
53. |
Adib ( (a.k.a. André Mayard) |
Date of birth: 15.5.1955; Place of birth: Bassir, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Syria. Adib Mayaleh controlled the Syrian banking sector and managed the Syrian money supply through the issue and withdrawal of bank notes and control of the foreign exchange rate value of the Syrian Pound. Through his role at the Central Bank of Syria, Adib Mayaleh provided economic and financial support to the Syrian regime. Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in power after May 2011. |
15.5.2012 |
|
54. |
Major General Jumah ( |
Gender: male |
Commander Special Forces. Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
55. |
Colonel Lu'ai ( |
Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Head of Syrian Military Intelligence, Dara’a Branch. Responsible for violence against protesters in Dara’a. |
14.11.2011 |
|
56. |
Ali ( |
Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Vice President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Defence. Appointed in January 2018. Officer of the rank of General in the Syrian Army, in post after May 2011. Former Chief of General Staff of the Syrian Armed Forces. Person supporting the Syrian regime and responsible for repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
57. |
Fahd ( |
Date of birth: 1.1.1950; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Defence. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
58. |
Major General Aous ( |
Date of birth: 1958; Gender: male |
High‐ranking officer. Close to Maher al‐Assad and President Bashar al‐Assad. Former positions: Commander of the 40th Brigade (4th Division) between 2011 and 2014; deputy Commander of the 4th Division in 2015; Commander of the 2nd Corps in 2016. Involved in the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria, including arbitrary arrests, mass killings and forced displacements of civilian population. |
14.11.2011 |
|
59. |
General Ghassan ( |
Gender: male |
Head of the 4th Division security bureau, head of the 555th paratrooper regiment. Adviser to Maher al‐Assad and coordinator of security operations. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria and involved in several breaches of cessation of hostilities in the Ghouta. |
14.11.2011 |
|
60. |
Abdullah ( |
Gender: male |
Head of the Berri family militia. In charge of pro‐government militia involved in the crackdown on the civilian population in Aleppo. |
14.11.2011 |
|
61. |
George CHAOUI (جورج شاوي) |
Gender: male |
Member of the Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
62. |
Zuhair ( |
Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Rank: Major General; Position: Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate (a.k.a. General Security Directorate) since July 2012; Gender: male |
Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for repression, human rights abuses and violence against the civilian population in Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
63. |
Amar ( |
Date of birth on or around 3.4.1973; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Civilian ‐ Head of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
64. |
Mujahed ( |
Gender: male |
Member of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
65. |
Major General Nazih ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy Director of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors. |
14.11.2011 |
|
66. |
Major General Kifah ( |
Place of birth: Junaynat Ruslan, Tartous province, Syria; Gender: male |
Head of the Military Intelligence Directorate since March 2019. Former Head of the Security Committee in the Southern region and former deputy head of the Military Intelligence directorate, leading the regime’s operation in Homs and Aleppo regions. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population in Deir ez‐Zor and the main individual responsible for the violent repression committed by the Military Intelligence Directorate (Branch 248) throughout 2011 and 2012 as well as torture and severe violations on detainees. |
14.11.2011 |
|
67. |
Major General Wajih ( |
Gender: male |
Commander 18th Armoured Division. Responsible for the violence against protestors in Homs. |
14.11.2011 |
|
68. |
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|
69. |
Lt. General Talal ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy Chief of General Staff (Logistics and supplies). Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. |
14.11.2011 |
|
70. |
Major General Fu'ad ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors. |
14.11.2011 |
|
71. |
Bushra ( (a.k.a. Bushra Shawkat, Bouchra Al Assad) |
Date of birth: 24.10.1960; Gender: female |
Member of the Assad family; sister of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime. |
23.3.2012 |
|
72. |
Asma ( (a.k.a. Asma Fawaz Al Akhras) |
Date of birth: 11.8.1975; Place of birth: London, UK; Passport No 707512830, expires 22.9.2020; Maiden name: Al Akhras; Gender: female |
Member of the Assad family and closely connected to key regime figures; wife of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime. |
23.3.2012 |
|
73. |
Manal ( (a.k.a. Manal Al Ahmad) |
Date of birth: 2.2.1970; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No (Syrian) 0000000914; Maiden name: Al Jadaan; Gender: female |
Wife of Maher al‐Assad, and as such benefits from and is closely associated with the Syrian regime. |
23.3.2012 |
|
74. |
Mohammad Walid GHAZAL |
Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
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|
76. |
Major General Ibrahim ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy Chief of Staff. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
77. |
Brigadier Khalil ( |
Gender: male |
14th Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
78. |
Ali BARAKAT (a.k.a. Barakat Ali Barakat) ( علي بركات; بركات علي بركات) |
Gender: male |
Military official involved in the violence in Homs. Currently serves in the 30th Mobile Infantry Division of the Republican Guard. |
1.12.2011 |
|
79. |
Major General Talal ( |
Gender: male |
Former commander of the 105th Brigade of the Republican Guards. Former Commander General of the Republican Guards. Current Commander of the 2nd Corps. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Military official involved in the violence in Damascus. |
1.12.2011 |
|
80. |
Major General Nazih ( |
Gender: male |
Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Head of the Political Security Directorate of the Syrian security services in post after May 2011. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. |
1.12.2011 |
|
81. |
Captain Maan ( |
Gender: male |
Presidential Guard. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
82. |
Mohammad ( |
Gender: male |
Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
83. |
Khald ( |
Gender: male |
Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
84. |
Ghiath ( |
Gender: male |
Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. |
1.12.2011 |
|
85. |
Brigadier General Jawdat ( |
Position: Commander of the 154th Regiment; Gender: male |
Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma. |
23.1.2012 |
|
86. |
Major General Muhammad ( |
Position: Commander of the 4th Division; Gender: male |
Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma. |
23.1.2012 |
|
87. |
Major General Ramadan ( |
Position: Commander of the 35th Special Forces Regiment; Gender: male |
Ordered troops to shoot protestors in Baniyas and Deraa. |
23.1.2012 |
|
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|
89. |
Major General Naim ( |
Position: Commander of the 3rd Division; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma. |
23.1.2012 |
|
90. |
Brigadier General Jihad ( |
Position: Commander of the 65th Brigade; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma. |
23.1.2012 |
|
91. |
Major General Fo'ad ( |
Position: Commander of the military operations in Idlib; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Idlib at the beginning of September 2011. |
23.1.2012 |
|
92. |
Major General Bader ( |
Position: Special Forces Commander; Gender: male |
Gave soldiers orders to pick up the bodies and hand them over to the mukhabarat and responsible for the violence in Bukamal. |
23.1.2012 |
|
93. |
Brigadier General Ghassan ( |
Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment; Gender: male |
Commander of military operations in Homs, Baniyas and Idlib. |
23.1.2012 |
|
94. |
Brigadier General Mohamed ( |
Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment; Gender: male |
Commander of military operations in Homs. Gave orders to shoot protestors in Homs. |
23.1.2012 |
|
95. |
Brigadier General Yousef ( |
Position: Commander of the 134th Brigade; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot at houses and people on roofs during a funeral in Talbiseh for protesters killed the previous day. |
23.1.2012 |
|
96. |
Brigadier General Jamal YUNES (a.k.a. Younes) (جمال يونس) |
Position: Commander of the 555th Regiment; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot at protestors in Mo’adamiyeh. Head of the Military Security Committee in Hama in 2018. |
23.1.2012 |
|
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|
98. |
Brigadier General Ali ( |
Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Al‐Herak. |
23.1.2012 |
|
99. |
Major General Mohamed ( |
Position: Commander of the 106th Brigade, Presidential Guard; Gender: male |
Gave orders to troops to beat protesters with sticks and then arrest them. Responsible for repression of peaceful protestors in Douma. |
23.1.2012 |
|
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|
101. |
Wafiq ( |
Position: Head of Suwayda Regional Branch (Department of Military Intelligence); Gender: male |
As Head of the Suwayda Regional Branch of the Department for Military Intelligence, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Suwayda. |
23.1.2012 |
|
102. |
Ahmed ( |
Head of Deraa Regional Branch (General Security Directorate); Gender: male |
As Head of the Deraa Regional Branch of the General Security Directorate, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Deraa. |
23.1.2012 |
|
103. |
Makhmoud ( |
Position: Head of Investigative Branch (Political Security Directorate); Gender: male |
As Head of the Investigative Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees. |
23.1.2012 |
|
104. |
Mohamed ( |
Position: Major General. Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka; Gender: male |
Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka. Major General. As former Head of the Operations Branch of the Political Security Directorate, was responsible for detention and torture of detainees. |
23.1.2012 |
|
105. |
Nasser ( (a.k.a. Brigadier General Nasr al‐Ali) |
Position: Head of the Political Security Directorate; Gender: male |
Head of the Political Security Directorate since July 2019. Responsible for detention and torture of detainees. |
23.1.2012 |
|
106. |
Dr. Wael ( |
Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Dara’a Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Prime Minister, in office until 3.7.2016, and former Minister of Health. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Qasyoun Private University. |
27.2.2012 |
|
107. |
Mohammad Ibrahim AL‐SHA'AR |
Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of the Interior. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Vice Chair of the National Progressive Front of Syria. |
1.12.2011 |
|
108. |
Mohammad ( |
Date of birth: 1945; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Finance, in office until 9.2.2013. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
1.12.2011 |
|
109. |
Imad ( ( (a.k.a. Imad Mohammad Dib Khamees) |
Date of birth: 1.8.1961; Place of birth: near Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Prime Minister and Former Minister of Electricity. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
110. |
Omar ( |
Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Vice Prime Minister for Services Affairs, former Minister of Local Administration, in office until 3.7.2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
111. |
Joseph ( |
Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State, in office until at least 21.1.2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Amana wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. |
23.3.2012 |
|
112. |
Hussein ( (a.k.a.: Hussein Mahmud Farzat) |
Date of birth: 1957; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State, in office until at least 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
113. |
Mansour ( (a.k.a.: Mansur Fadl Allah Azzam) |
Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Sweida Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Minister for Presidency Affairs. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
27.2.2012 |
|
114. |
Emad Abdul-Ghani SABOUNI (a.k.a. Imad Abdul Ghani Al Sabuni) (عماد عبدالغني صابوني) |
Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Telecommunications and Technology, in office until at least April 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Former Head of Planning and International Cooperation Agency (PICC). The PICC is a government agency, affiliated to the Prime Ministry and produces, in particular, the five-year plans that provide the broad guidelines for the Government’s economic and development policies. |
27.2.2012 |
|
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116. |
Tayseer ( |
Date of birth: 1943; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Justice. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. Former Head of Military Court. Member of the High Judicial Council. |
23.9.2011 |
|
117. |
Adnan Hassan MAHMOUD (عدنان حسن محمود) |
Date of birth: 1966; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Syrian Ambassador to Iran until 2020. Former Minister of Information in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.9.2011 |
|
118. |
Khalaf Souleymane ABDALLAH (a.k.a. Khalaf Sleiman al‐Abdullah) |
Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Deir ez‐Zor, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Labour in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
21.10.2014 |
|
119. |
Sufian ( |
Date of birth: 1944; Place of birth: al‐Bukamal, Deir Ezzor, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
27.2.2012 |
|
120. |
Dr. Adnan ( |
Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Industry. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
27.2.2012 |
|
121. |
Dr. Saleh ( |
Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Aleppo Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Education. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
27.2.2012 |
|
122. |
Dr. Fayssal ( |
Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Hama Province, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Transport. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
27.2.2012 |
|
123. |
Ghiath ( |
Date of birth: 1950; Place of birth: Salamiya, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
124. |
Yousef ( |
Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Hasaka, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
125. |
Hassan ( |
Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. |
23.3.2012 |
|
126. |
Bouthaina ( (a.k.a. Buthaina Shaaban) |
Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Gender: female |
Political and Media Advisor to the President since July 2008 and as such associated with the violent crackdown on the civilian population. |
26.6.2012 |
|
127. |
Brigadier General Sha'afiq ( |
Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Al‐Zara (Hama), Syria; Gender: male |
Head of Branch 215 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of detained opponents. Involved in repressive actions against civilians. |
24.7.2012 |
|
128. |
Brigadier General Burhan ( |
Gender: male |
Former Head of Branch 291 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
129. |
Brigadier General Salah ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy Head of Branch 291 of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
130. |
Brigadier General Muhammad ( |
Gender: male |
Former (2009‐2014) Head of Branch 235 a.k.a. ‘Palestine’ (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service, which is at the centre of the army’s apparatus of repression. Directly involved in repression of opponents. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
131. |
Major General Riad ( |
Gender: male |
Deputy Head of Latakia Branch of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture and murder of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
132. |
Brigadier General Abdul-Salam Fajr MAHMOUD (عبدالسلام فجر محمود) |
Date of birth: 1959 Gender: male |
Head of the Security Committee of the Southern Region since December 2020. Former Head of the Bab Tuma (Damascus) Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Mezze Airport Air Force intelligence investigation branch. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. Under international arrest warrant for "complicity in acts of torture", "complicity in crimes against humanity" and "complicity in war crimes". |
24.7.2012 |
|
133. |
Brigadier General Jawdat ( |
Place of birth: Qardaha, Lattakia province, Syria; Gender: male |
Head of the Homs Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as killings of peaceful protesters. |
24.7.2012 |
|
134. |
Colonel Qusay Ibrahim MIHOUB (قصي إبراهيم ميهوب ) |
Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Derghamo, Jableh, Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male |
High-ranking officer at the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Deraa branch of the air force’s intelligence service (sent from Damascus to Deraa at the start of demonstrations there). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as the violent repression of peaceful protests in the southern region. |
24.7.2012 |
|
135. |
Brigadier General Suhail ( |
Gender: male |
Head of the Latakia Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
136. |
Brigadier General Khudr ( |
Gender: male |
Head of the Latakia branch of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
137. |
Brigadier General Ibrahim MA’ALA (a.k.a. Maala, Maale, Ma’la) ( معلى;معلا (ابراهيم |
Gender: male |
Head of Branch 285 (Damascus) of the General Intelligence Directorate (replaced Brigadier General Hussam Fendi at the end of 2011). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
138. |
Brigadier General Firas ( |
Gender: male |
Head of Branch 318 (Homs) of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
139. |
Major General Hussam LUQA (a.k.a. Husam, Housam, Houssam; Louqa, Louca, Louka, Luka) (حسام لوقا) |
Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Head of the Security Committee of the Southern Region from 2018 to 2020. Former Head of the General Security Directorate. Major General. From April 2012 to 2 December 2018, was head of the Homs branch of the Political Security Directorate (succeeded Brigadier General Nasr al-Ali). Since 3 December 2018, head of the Political Security Directorate. Director of the General Intelligence Department since 2019. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
140. |
Brigadier General Taha TAHA (طه طه) |
Gender: male |
Deputy assistant to the Head of the Political Security Division. Former site manager of the Latakia branch of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. |
24.7.2012 |
|
141. |
Bassel ( |
Gender: male |
Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. |
24.7.2012 |
|
142. |
Ahmad ( |
Gender: male |
Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. |
24.7.2012 |
|
143. |
Bassam ( |
Gender: male |
Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. |
24.7.2012 |
|
144. |
Major General Ahmed AL-JARROUCHEH (a.k.a. Ahmad; al-Jarousha, al-Jarousheh, al-Jaroucha, al-Jarouchah, al-Jaroucheh) (احمد الجروشة) |
Date of birth: 1957; Gender: male |
Former head of the foreign branch of General Intelligence (Branch 279). As such, responsible for General Intelligence arrangements in Syrian embassies. |
24.7.2012 |
|
145. |
Michel ( |
Date of birth: 1.2.1948; Gender: male |
Member of the Syrian security services since the early 1970s, he is involved in combating opposition in France and Germany. Since March 2006, has been responsible for public relations of Branch 273 of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate. A longstanding member of the managerial staff, he is close to General Intelligence Directorate head Ali Mamlouk, one of the top security officials of the regime who has been subject to EU restrictive measures since 9.5.2011. He directly supports the Syrian regime’s repression of opponents and is responsible inter alia for repression of the Syrian opposition abroad. |
24.7.2012 |
|
146. |
General Ghassan Jaoudat ISMAIL (a.k.a. Ismael) (غسان جودت اسماعيل) |
Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Junaynat Ruslan – Darkoush, Tartous region, Syria; Gender: male |
Head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service since 2019. Former deputy director of the Air Force Intelligence Service and previously in charge of the missions branch of the Air Force Intelligence Service which, in cooperation with the special operations branch, manages the elite troops of the Air Force Intelligence Service, who play an important role in the repression conducted by the Syrian regime. As such, Ghassan Jaoudat Ismail is one of the top military leaders directly implementing the violent repression of opponents conducted by the Syrian regime as well as practices of disappearance of civilians. |
24.7.2012 |
|
147. |
Major General Amer AL-ACHI (a.k.a. Amer Ibrahim al-Achi; Amis al Ashi; Ammar Aachi; Amer Ashi) (عامر ابراهيم العشي) |
Gender: male |
Former Governor of the Sweida Governorate, appointed by President Bashar al-Assad in July 2016. Former Head of the intelligence branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service (2012-2016). Through his role in the Air Force Intelligence Service, Amer al-Achi is implicated in the repression of the Syrian opposition. |
24.7.2012 |
|
148. |
General Mohammed ( |
Date of birth: around 1960; Gender: male |
Close to Maher al‐Assad, younger brother of President Bashar al‐Assad. Most of his career has been spent in the Republican Guard. In 2010 he joined the internal branch (Branch 251) of the General Intelligence Directorate which is responsible for combating the political opposition. As one of its senior officers, General Mohammed Ali Nasr is directly involved in the repression of opponents. |
24.7.2012 |
|
149. |
General Issam ( |
Gender: male |
Air Force Chief of Staff since 2010. Commands air operations against opponents. |
24.7.2012 |
|
150. |
Ezzedine ( |
Date of birth: middle of the 1940s (probably 1947); Place of birth: Bastir, Jableh region, Syria; Gender: male |
Retired general, longstanding member of the managerial staff of the Air Force Intelligence Service, of which he became the head in the early 2000s. Was appointed political and security adviser to the President in 2006. As political and security adviser to President Bashar al‐Assad, Ezzedine Ismael is implicated in the political repression conducted by the Syrian regime against the opposition. |
24.7.2012 |
|
151. |
Samir ( (a.k.a. Abou Sami) |
Date of birth: around 1962; Gender: male |
For almost 20 years he has been head of the office of Mohammad Nassif Kheir Bek, one of the main security advisers of President Bashar al‐Assad (and officially deputy to the Vice President, Farouk al‐Sharaa). Samir Joumaa’s closeness to President Bashar al‐Assad and Mohammed Nassif Kheir Bek means that he is implicated in the policy of repression conducted by the Syrian regime against its opponents. |
24.7.2012 |
|
152. |
Dr. Qadri ( |
Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Vice Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, former Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Protection. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
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|
155. |
Dr. Mohammad ( |
Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male |
Minister of Religious Endowments. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
156. |
Hala Mohammad (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL NASSER (هاله محمد الناصر) |
Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Raqqa, Syria; Gender: female |
Former Minister of Tourism. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
157. |
Bassam ( |
Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
158. |
Subhi ( |
Gender: male |
Former Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
159. |
Dr. Mohammad ( |
Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Higher Education. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
160. |
Dr. Hazwan ( |
Gender: male |
Former Minister of Education, appointed in July 2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
161. |
Dr. Mohamad ( |
Date of birth: 1945 Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
162. |
Dr. Mahmoud ( |
Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
163. |
Dr. Safwan ( |
Gender: male |
Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
164. |
Yasser ( |
Gender: male |
Former Minister of Public Works. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
165. |
Sa'iid ( |
Gender: male |
Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
166. |
Dr. Lubana ( |
Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: female |
Former Minister of Culture in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
167. |
Dr Jassem Mohammad ZAKARIA (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed, Jasem) |
Date of birth: 1968 Gender: male; |
Former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
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|
169. |
Dr. Adnan ( |
Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male |
Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. |
16.10.2012 |
|
170. |
Najm ( | |||
) AL‐ASSAD (
)
) (a.k.a. Mahir) AL‐ASSAD (
)
) MAKHLOUF (
)
) Dib (
) ZAYTUN (
)
) ABBAS (
) (a.k.a. al‐Abbas)
) MAKHLOUF (
)
) QUDSIYAH (
)
) (a.k.a. Jameel) HASSAN (
) (a.k.a. al‐Hassan)
) (a.k.a. Mundhir, Monzer) Jamil (
) AL‐ASSAD (
)
) (a.k.a. Farouq, Farouk) AL SHAR' (
) (a.k.a. Al Char', Al Shara', Al Shara)
) HAMCHO (
)
) (a.k.a. Eyad) MAKHLOUF (
)
) AL HASSAN (
) (a.k.a. Al Hasan)
) (a.k.a. Zu al‐Himma) CHALICHE (
) (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh)
) CHALICHE (
) (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh)
) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali (
) JAFARI (
) (a.k.a. Jaafari, Ja'fari, Aziz; a.k.a. Jafari, Ali; a.k.a. Jafari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Ja'fari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Jafari‐Naja‐fabadi, Mohammad Ali)
) TAEB (
)
) AL‐QUWATLY (
)
) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) MUFLEH (
) (a.k.a. Muflih)
) (a.k.a. Tawfik) YOUNES (
) (a.k.a. Yunes)
) AL‐ASSAD (
)
) AL‐SALIM (
) (a.k.a. al‐Saleem)
) (a.k.a. Rafeeq) SHAHADAH (
) (a.k.a. Shahada, Shahade, Shahadeh, Chahada, Chahade, Chahadeh, Chahada)
) DOUBA (
)
) (a.k.a. Nawfal, Nofal, Nawfel) AL‐HUSAYN (
) (a.k.a. al‐Hussain, al‐Hussein)
) SUKKAR (
)
) (a.k.a. Muhamad) ZAMRINI (
) (a.k.a. Zamreni)
) (a.k.a. Mounir, Mouneer, Monir, Moneer, Muneer) ADANOV (
) (a.k.a. Adnuf, Adanof)
) KHALIL (
) (a.k.a. Khaleel)
) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohamed) JABIR (
) (a.k.a. Jaber)
) CHEHABI (
)
) AKHRAS (
) (a.k.a. Al Akhras (
))
) ANBOUBA (
)
) MAYALEH (
)
) AL‐AHMAD (
) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)
) (a.k.a. Louay, Loai) AL‐ALI (
)
) Abdullah (
) (a.k.a. Abdallah) AYYUB (
) (a.k.a. Ayyoub, Ayub, Ayoub, Ayob)
) (a.k.a. Fahid, Fahed) Jasim (
) (a.k.a. Jasem, Jassim, Jassem) AL‐FURAYJ (
) (a.k.a. al‐Freij)
) (a.k.a. Aws, Aus) ‘Ali’ ASLAN (
)
) BELAL (
) (a.k.a. Bilal)
) (a.k.a. Abdallah) BERRI (
)
) (a.k.a. Zouheir, Zuheir, Zouhair) HAMAD (
)
) (a.k.a. Ammar) ISMAEL (
) (a.k.a. Ismail)
) ISMAIL (
) (a.k.a. Ismael)
)
) MOULHEM (
) (a.k.a. Moulhim, Mulhem, Mulhim, Milhem)
) (a.k.a. Wajeeh) MAHMUD (
)
) Mustafa (
) TLASS (
)
) TAWIL (
)
) AL‐ASSAD (
) AL‐ASSAD (
) AL‐ASSAD (
)
) AL‐HASSAN (
) (a.k.a. al‐Hasan)
) (a.k.a. Khaleel) ZGHRAYBIH (
,
) (a.k.a. Zghraybeh, Zghraybe, Zghrayba, Zghraybah, Zaghraybeh, Zaghraybe, Zaghrayba, Zaghraybah, Zeghraybeh, Zeghraybe, Zeghrayba, Zeghraybah, Zughraybeh, Zughraybe, Zughrayba, Zughraybah, Zighraybeh, Zighraybe, Zighrayba, Zighraybah)
) MAKHLUF (
) (a.k.a. Makhlouf)
) (a.k.a. Nazeeh) HASSUN (
) (a.k.a. Hassoun)
) (a.k.a. Ma'an) JDIID (
) (a.k.a. Jdid, Jedid, Jedeed, Jadeed, Jdeed)
) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐SHAAR (
) (a.k.a. al‐Chaar, al‐Sha'ar, al‐Cha'ar)
) (a.k.a. Khaled) AL‐TAWEEL (
) (a.k.a. al‐Tawil)
) FAYAD (
) (a.k.a. Fayyad)
) Ibrahim (
) SAFI (
)
) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali (
) DURGHAM
) Mahmoud (
) RAMADAN (
)
) (a.k.a. Naaeem, Naeem, Na'eem, Naaim, Na'im) Jasem (
) SULEIMAN (
)
) Mohamed (
) (a.k.a Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) SULTAN (
)
) (a.k.a. Fouad, Fu'ad) HAMOUDEH (
) (a.k.a. Hammoudeh, Hammoude, Hammouda, Hammoudah)
) AQEL (
)
) AFIF (
) (a.k.a. Afeef)
) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) MAARUF (
) (a.k.a. Maarouf, Ma'ruf)
) ISMAIL (
) (a.k.a. Ismael)
) DAWWA
) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) KHADDOR (
) (a.k.a. Khaddour, Khaddur, Khadour, Khudour)
) (a.k.a. Wafeeq) NASSER (
)
) (a.k.a. Ahmad) DIBE (
) (a.k.a. Dib, Deeb)
) (a.k.a. Mahmoud) AL‐KHATTIB (
) (a.k.a. al‐Khatib, al‐Khateeb)
) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Heikmat (
) (a.k.a. Hikmat, Hekmat) IBRAHIM (
)
) (a.k.a. Naser) AL‐ALI (
)
) Nader (
) AL–HALQI (
) (a.k.a. al‐Halki)
) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐JLEILATI (
)
) Mohammad
) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Deeb (
) KHAMIS (
)
) Ibrahim (
) GHALAWANJI (
)
) SUWAID (
)
) (a.k.a. Hussain) Mahmoud (
) FARZAT (
)
) Fadlallah (
) AZZAM (
)
) Qala (
) AWWAD (
)
) ALLAW (
)
) SLAKHO (
)
) AL‐RASHED (
)
) (a.k.a. Faysal) ABBAS (
)
) JERAATLI (
) (a.k.a. Jer'atli, Jir'atli, Jiraatli)
) Suleiman (
) AL‐AHMAD (
) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)
,
) AL‐SARI (
)
) SHAABAN (
)
) (a.k.a. Shafiq, Shafik) MASA (
) (a.k.a. Massa)
) QADOUR (
) (a.k.a. Qaddour, Qaddur)
) HAMAD (
)
) (a.k.a. Mohammed) KHALLOUF (
) (a.k.a. Abou Ezzat)
) (a.k.a. Riyad) AL‐AHMED (
) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)
) AL‐AHMED (
) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)
) (a.k.a. Suheil) AL‐ABDULLAH (
) (a.k.a. al‐Abdallah)
) KHUDR (
)
) AL‐HAMED (
) (a.k.a. al‐Hamid)
) (a.k.a. Basel) BILAL (
)
) (a.k.a. Ahmed) KAFAN (
)
) AL‐MISRI (
)
) KASSOUHA (
) (a.k.a. Kasouha) (a.k.a. Ahmed Salem; Ahmed Salem Hassan)
) (a.k.a. Mohammed Ali Naser)
) HALLAQ (
)
) ISMAEL (
) (a.k.a. Ismail)
) (a.k.a. Sameer) JOUMAA (
) (a.k.a. Jumaa, Jum'a, Joum'a)
) (a.k.a. Kadri) JAMIL (
) (a.k.a. Jameel)
) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Abdul‐Sattar (
) (a.k.a. Abd al‐Sattar) AL SAYED (
) (a.k.a. Al Sayyed)
) HANNA (
)
) Ahmad (
) AL ABDALLAH (
) (a.k.a. al‐Abdullah)
) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) Yahiya (
) (a.k.a. Yehya, Yahya, Yihya, Yihia, Yahia) MOALLA (
) (a.k.a. Mu'la, Ma'la, Muala, Maala, Mala)
) AL WEZ (
) (a.k.a. Al Wazz)
) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammad) Zafer (
) (a.k.a. Dhafer) MOHABAK (
) (a.k.a. Mohabbak, Muhabak, Muhabbak)
) Ibraheem (
) (a.k.a. Ibrahim) SA'IID (
) (a.k.a. Said, Sa'eed, Saeed)
) AL ASSAF (
)
) (a.k.a. Yaser) AL SIBA'II (
) (a.k.a. al‐Sibai, al‐Siba'i, al Sibaei)
) (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) MA'THI (
) (a.k.a. Mu'zi, Mu'dhi, Ma'dhi, Ma'zi, Maazi) Hneidi (
)
) (a.k.a. Lubanah) MUSHAWEH (
) (a.k.a. Mshaweh, Mshawweh, Mushawweh)
) Abdo (
) (a.k.a. Abdou) AL SIKHNY (
) (a.k.a. al‐Sikhni, al‐Sekhny, al‐Sekhni)
) (a.k.a. Nejm) Hamad (
) AL AHMAD (