No

Description

I.B.1A004

Protective and detection equipment and components, other than those specified in military goods controls, as follows:

a.  Gas masks, filter canisters and decontamination equipment therefore, designed or modified for defence against any of the following, and specially designed components therefor:

1.  Biological agents ‘adapted for use in war’;

2.  Radioactive materials ‘adapted for use in war’;

3.  Chemical warfare (CW) agents; or

4.  ‘Riot control agents’, including:

a.  α-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, (Bromobenzyl cyanide) (CA) (CAS 5798-79-8);

b.  [(2-chlorophenyl) methylene] propanedinitrile, (ο-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) (CS) (CAS 2698-41-1);

c.  2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone, Phenylacyl chloride (ω-chloroacetophenone) (CN) (CAS 532-27-4);

d.  Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazephine (CR) (CAS 257-07-8);

e.  10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine, (Phenarsazine chloride), (Adamsite), (DM) (CAS 578-94-9);

f.  N-Nonanoylmorpholine, (MPA) (CAS 5299-64-9);

b.  Protective suits, gloves and shoes, specially designed or modified for defence against any of the following:

1.  Biological agents ‘adapted for use in war’;

2.  Radioactive materials ‘adapted for use in war’; or

3.  Chemical warfare (CW) agents;

c.  Detection systems, specially designed or modified for detection or identification of any of the following, and specially designed components therefor:

1.  Biological agents ‘adapted for use in war’;

2.  Radioactive materials ‘adapted for use in war’; or

3.  Chemical warfare (CW) agents;

d.  Electronic equipment designed for automatically detecting or identifying the presence of ‘explosives’ residues and utilising ‘trace detection’ techniques (e.g. surface acoustic wave, ion mobility spectrometry, differential mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry).

Technical Note:

‘Trace detection’ is defined as the capability to detect less than 1 ppm vapour, or 1 mg solid or liquid.

Note 1:  1A004.d. does not control equipment specially designed for laboratory use.

Note 2:  1A004.d. does not control non-contact walk-through security portals.

Note:  1A004 does not control:

a.  Personal radiation monitoring dosimeters;

b.  Equipment limited by design or function to protect against hazards specific to residential safety or civil industries, including:

1.  mining;

2.  quarrying;

3.  agriculture;

4.  pharmaceutical;

5.  medical;

6.  veterinary;

7.  environmental;

8.  waste management;

9.  food industry.

Technical Notes:

1A004 includes equipment and components that have been identified, successfully tested to national standards or otherwise proven effective, for the detection of or defence against radioactive materials ‘adapted for use in war’, biological agents ‘adapted for use in war’, chemical warfare agents, ‘simulants’ or ‘riot control agents’, even if such equipment or components are used in civil industries such as mining, quarrying, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or the food industry.

‘Simulant’ is a substance or material that is used in place of toxic agent (chemical or biological) in training, research, testing or evaluation.

I.B.9A012

‘Unmanned aerial vehicles’ (‘UAVs’), associated systems, equipment and components, as follows:

a.  ‘UAVs’ having any of the following:

1.  An autonomous flight control and navigation capability (e.g. an autopilot with an Inertial Navigation System); or

2.  Capability of controlled-flight out of the direct vision range involving a human operator (e.g. televisual remote control);

b.  Associated systems, equipment and components, as follows:

1.  Equipment specially designed for remotely controlling the ‘UAVs’ specified in 9A012.a.;

2.  Systems for navigation, attitude, guidance or control, other than those specified in 7A in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 and specially designed to provide autonomous flight control or navigation capability to ‘UAVs’ specified in 9A012.a.;

3.  Equipment and components, specially designed to convert a manned ‘aircraft’ to a ‘UAV’ specified in 9A012.a.;

4.  Air breathing reciprocating or rotary internal combustion type engines, specially designed or modified to propel ‘UAVs’ at altitudes above 50 000 feet (15 240 metres).

I.B.9A350

Spraying or fogging systems, specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft, ‘lighter-than-air vehicles’ or unmanned aerial vehicles, and specially designed components therefor, as follows:

Note:  Aerosol generating units are devices specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft such as nozzles, rotary drum atomisers and similar devices.

Note:  9A350 does not control spraying or fogging systems and components that are demonstrated not to be capable of delivering biological agents in the form of infectious aerosols.

Technical Notes:

1.  Droplet size for spray equipment or nozzles specially designed for use on aircraft, ‘lighter-than-air vehicles’ or unmanned aerial vehicles should be measured using either of the following:

a.  Doppler laser method;

b.  Forward laser diffraction method.

2.  In 9A350 ‘VMD’ means Volume Median Diameter and for water-based systems this equates to Mass Median Diameter (MMD).

No

Description

I.B.2B350

Chemical manufacturing facilities, equipment and components, as follows:

a.  Reaction vessels or reactors, with or without agitators, with total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0,1 m3 (100 litres) and less than 20 m3 (20 000 litres), where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coating or glass lining);

4.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

5.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

6.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

7.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

8.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

b.  Agitators for use in reaction vessels or reactors specified in 2B350.a.; and impellers, blades or shafts designed for such agitators, where all surfaces of the agitator that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

5.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

6.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

7.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

8.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

c.  Storage tanks, containers or receivers with a total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0,1 m3 (100 litres) where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

5.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

6.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

7.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

8.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

d.  Heat exchangers or condensers with a heat transfer surface area greater than 0,15 m2, and less than 20 m2; and tubes, plates, coils or blocks (cores) designed for such heat exchangers or condensers, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Graphite or ‘carbon graphite’;

5.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

6.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

7.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

8.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’;

9.  Silicon carbide;

10.  Titanium carbide; or

11.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

e.  Distillation or absorption columns of internal diameter greater than 0,1 m; and liquid distributors, vapour distributors or liquid collectors designed for such distillation or absorption columns, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Graphite or ‘carbon graphite’;

5.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

6.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

7.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

8.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

9.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

f.  Remotely operated filling equipment in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight; or

2.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

g.  Valves with ‘nominal sizes’ greater than 10 mm and casings (valve bodies) or preformed casing liners designed for such valves, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

5.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

6.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

7.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’;

8.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’; or

9.  Ceramic materials as follows:

a.  Silicon carbide with purity of 80 % or more by weight;

b.  Aluminium oxide (alumina) with purity of 99,9 % or more by weight;

c.  Zirconium oxide (zirconia);

Technical Note:

The ‘nominal size’ is defined as the smaller of the inlet and outlet diameters.

h.  Multi-walled piping incorporating a leak detection port, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

3.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

4.  Graphite or ‘carbon graphite’;

5.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

6.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

7.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

8.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

9.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

i.  Multiple-seal and seal-less pumps, with manufacturer’s specified maximum flow-rate greater than 0,6 m3/hour, or vacuum pumps with manufacturer’s specified maximum flow-rate greater than 5 m3/hour (under standard temperature (273 K (0 °C)) and pressure (101,3 kPa) conditions); and casings (pump bodies), preformed casing liners, impellers, rotors or jet pump nozzles designed for such pumps, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Ceramics;

3.  Ferrosilicon (high silicon iron alloys);

4.  Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35 % fluorine by weight);

5.  Glass (including vitrified or enamelled coatings or glass lining);

6.  Graphite or ‘carbon graphite’;

7.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight;

8.  Tantalum or tantalum ‘alloys’;

9.  Titanium or titanium ‘alloys’;

10.  Zirconium or zirconium ‘alloys’; or

11.  Niobium (columbium) or niobium ‘alloys’;

j.  Incinerators designed to destroy chemicals specified in entry 1C350, having specially designed waste supply systems, special handling facilities and an average combustion chamber temperature greater than 1 273 K (1 000  °C), in which all surfaces in the waste supply system that come into direct contact with the waste products are made from or lined with any of the following materials:

1.  ‘Alloys’ with more than 25 % nickel and 20 % chromium by weight;

2.  Ceramics; or

3.  Nickel or ‘alloys’ with more than 40 % nickel by weight.

Technical Notes:

1.  ‘Carbon graphite’ is a composition consisting of amorphous carbon and graphite, in which the graphite content is eight percent or more by weight.

2.  For the listed materials in the above entries, the term ‘alloy’ when not accompanied by a specific elemental concentration is understood as identifying those alloys where the identified metal is present in a higher percentage by weight than any other element.

I.B.2B351

Toxic gas monitoring systems and their dedicated detecting components, other than those specified in 1A004, as follows; and detectors; sensor devices; and replaceable sensor cartridges therefor:

a.  Designed for continuous operation and usable for the detection of chemical warfare agents or chemicals specified in 1C350, at concentrations of less than 0,3 mg/m3; or

b.  Designed for the detection of cholinesterase-inhibiting activity.

I.B.2B352

Equipment capable of use in handling biological materials, as follows:

a.  Complete biological containment facilities at P3, P4 containment level;

Technical Note:

P3 or P4 (BL3, BL4, L3, L4) containment levels are as specified in the WHO Laboratory Biosafety manual (3rd edition Geneva 2004).

b.  Fermenters capable of cultivation of pathogenic ‘micro-organisms’, viruses or capable of toxin production, without the propagation of aerosols, and having a total capacity of 20 litres or more;

Technical Note:

Fermenters include bioreactors, chemostats and continuous-flow systems.

c.  Centrifugal separators, capable of continuous separation without the propagation of aerosols, having all the following characteristics:

1.  Flow rate exceeding 100 litres per hour;

2.  Components of polished stainless steel or titanium;

3.  One or more sealing joints within the steam containment area; and

4.  Capable of in-situ steam sterilisation in a closed state;

Technical Note:

Centrifugal separators include decanters.

d.  Cross (tangential) flow filtration equipment and components as follows:

1.  Cross (tangential) flow filtration equipment capable of separation of pathogenic ‘micro-organisms’, viruses, toxins or cell cultures, without the propagation of aerosols, having all of the following characteristics:

a.  A total filtration area equal to or greater than 1 m2; and

b.  Having either of the following characteristics:

1.  Capable of being sterilised or disinfected in-situ; or

2.  Using disposable or single-use filtration components;

Technical Note:

In 2B352.d.1.b. sterilised denotes the elimination of all viable microbes from the equipment through the use of either physical (e.g. steam) or chemical agents. Disinfected denotes the destruction of potential microbial infectivity in the equipment through the use of chemical agents with a germicidal effect. Disinfection and sterilisation are distinct from sanitisation, the latter referring to cleaning procedures designed to lower the microbial content of equipment without necessarily achieving elimination of all microbial infectivity or viability.

2.  Cross (tangential) flow filtration components (e.g. modules, elements, cassettes, cartridges, units or plates) with filtration area equal to or greater than 0,2 m2 for each component and designed for use in cross (tangential) flow filtration equipment specified in 2B352.d.;

Note:  2B352.d. does not control reverse osmosis equipment, as specified by the manufacturer.

e.  Steam sterilisable freeze drying equipment with a condenser capacity exceeding 10 kg of ice in 24 hours and less than 1 000  kg of ice in 24 hours;

f.  Protective and containment equipment, as follows:

1.  Protective full or half suits, or hoods dependent upon a tethered external air supply and operating under positive pressure;

Note:  2B352.f.1. does not control suits designed to be worn with self-contained breathing apparatus.

2.  Class III biological safety cabinets or isolators with similar performance standards;

Note:  In 2B352.f.2., isolators include flexible isolators, dry boxes, anaerobic chambers, glove boxes and laminar flow hoods (closed with vertical flow).

g.  Chambers designed for aerosol challenge testing with ‘micro-organisms’, viruses or ‘toxins’ and having a capacity of 1 m3 or greater.

No

Description

I.B.1C350

Chemicals, which may be used as precursors for toxic chemical agents, as follows, and ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more thereof:

NB:  SEE ALSO MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS AND 1C450.

1.  Thiodiglycol (111-48-8);

2.  Phosphorus oxychloride (10025-87-3);

3.  Dimethyl methylphosphonate (756-79-6);

4.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR

Methyl phosphonyl difluoride (676-99-3);

5.  Methyl phosphonyl dichloride (676-97-1);

6.  Dimethyl phosphite (DMP) (868-85-9);

7.  Phosphorus trichloride (7719-12-2);

8.  Trimethyl phosphite (TMP) (121-45-9);

9.  Thionyl chloride (7719-09-7);

10.  3-Hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine (3554-74-3);

11.  N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethyl chloride (96-79-7);

12.  N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethane thiol (5842-07-9);

13.  3-Quinuclidinol (1619-34-7);

14.  Potassium fluoride (7789-23-3);

15.  2-Chloroethanol (107-07-3);

16.  Dimethylamine (124-40-3);

17.  Diethyl ethylphosphonate (78-38-6);

18.  Diethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramidate (2404-03-7);

19.  Diethyl phosphite (762-04-9);

20.  Dimethylamine hydrochloride (506-59-2);

21.  Ethyl phosphinyl dichloride (1498-40-4);

22.  Ethyl phosphonyl dichloride (1066-50-8);

23.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR

Ethyl phosphonyl difluoride (753-98-0);

24.  Hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3);

25.  Methyl benzilate (76-89-1);

26.  Methyl phosphinyl dichloride (676-83-5);

27.  N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-amino ethanol (96-80-0);

28.  Pinacolyl alcohol (464-07-3);

29.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR

O-Ethyl-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonite (QL) (57856-11-8);

30.  Triethyl phosphite (122-52-1);

31.  Arsenic trichloride (7784-34-1);

32.  Benzilic acid (76-93-7);

33.  Diethyl methylphosphonite (15715-41-0);

34.  Dimethyl ethylphosphonate (6163-75-3);

35.  Ethyl phosphinyl difluoride (430-78-4);

36.  Methyl phosphinyl difluoride (753-59-3);

37.  3-Quinuclidone (3731-38-2);

38.  Phosphorus pentachloride (10026-13-8);

39.  Pinacolone (75-97-8);

40.  Potassium cyanide (151-50-8);

41.  Potassium bifluoride (7789-29-9);

42.  Ammonium hydrogen fluoride or ammonium bifluoride (1341-49-7);

43.  Sodium fluoride (7681-49-4);

44.  Sodium bifluoride (1333-83-1);

45.  Sodium cyanide (143-33-9);

46.  Triethanolamine (102-71-6);

47.  Phosphorus pentasulphide (1314-80-3);

48.  Di-isopropylamine (108-18-9);

49.  Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8);

50.  Sodium sulphide (1313-82-2);

51.  Sulphur monochloride (10025-67-9);

52.  Sulphur dichloride (10545-99-0);

53.  Triethanolamine hydrochloride (637-39-8);

54.  N,N-Diisopropyl-(Beta)-aminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (4261-68-1);

55.  Methylphosphonic acid (993-13-5);

56.  Diethyl methylphosphonate (683-08-9);

57.  N,N-Dimethylaminophosphoryl dichloride (677-43-0);

58.  Triisopropyl phosphite (116-17-6);

59.  Ethyldiethanolamine (139-87-7);

60.  O,O-Diethyl phosphorothioate (2465-65-8);

61.  O,O-Diethyl phosphorodithioate (298-06-6);

62.  Sodium hexafluorosilicate (16893-85-9);

63.  Methylphosphonothioic dichloride (676-98-2).

Note 1:  For exports to ‘States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention’, 1C350 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C350.1, .3, .5, .11, .12, .13, .17, .18, .21, .22, .26, .27, .28, .31, .32, .33, .34, .35, .36, .54, .55, .56, .57 and .63 in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 10 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 2:  1C350 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C350.2, .6, .7, .8, .9, .10, .14, .15, .16, .19, .20, .24, .25, .30, .37, .38, .39, .40, .41, .42, .43, .44, .45, .46, .47, .48, .49, .50, .51, .52, .53, .58, .59, .60, .61 and .62 in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 3:  1C350 does not control products identified as consumer goods packaged for retail sale for personal use or packaged for individual use.

I.B.1C351

Human pathogens, zoonoses and ‘toxins’, as follows:

a.  Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Andes virus;

2.  Chapare virus;

3.  Chikungunya virus;

4.  Choclo virus;

5.  Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus;

6.  Dengue fever virus;

7.  Dobrava-Belgrade virus;

8.  Eastern equine encephalitis virus;

9.  Ebola virus;

10.  Guanarito virus;

11.  Hantaan virus;

12.  Hendra virus (Equine morbillivirus);

13.  Japanese encephalitis virus;

14.  Junin virus;

15.  Kyasanur Forest virus;

16.  Laguna Negra virus;

17.  Lassa fever virus;

18.  Louping ill virus;

19.  Lujo virus;

20.  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus;

21.  Machupo virus;

22.  Marburg virus;

23.  Monkey pox virus;

24.  Murray Valley encephalitis virus;

25.  Nipah virus;

26.  Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus;

27.  Oropouche virus;

28.  Powassan virus;

29.  Rift Valley fever virus;

30.  Rocio virus;

31.  Sabia virus;

32.  Seoul virus;

33.  Sin nombre virus;

34.  St Louis encephalitis virus;

35.  Tick-borne encephalitis virus (Russian Spring-Summer encephalitis virus);

36.  Variola virus;

37.  Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus;

38.  Western equine encephalitis virus;

39.  Yellow fever virus;

b.  Rickettsiae, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Coxiella burnetii;

2.  Bartonella quintana (Rochalimaea quintana, Rickettsia quintana);

3.  Rickettsia prowasecki;

4.  Rickettsia rickettsii;

c.  Bacteria, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Bacillus anthracis;

2.  Brucella abortus;

3.  Brucella melitensis;

4.  Brucella suis;

5.  Chlamydia psittaci;

6.  Clostridium botulinum;

7.  Francisella tularensis;

8.  Burkholderia mallei (Pseudomonas mallei);

9.  Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei);

10.  Salmonella typhi;

11.  Shigella dysenteriae;

12.  Vibrio cholerae;

13.  Yersinia pestis;

14.  Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin producing types;

15.  Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, serotype O157 and other verotoxin producing serotypes;

d.  ‘Toxins’, as follows, and ‘sub-unit of toxins’ thereof:

1.  Botulinum toxins;

2.  Clostridium perfringens toxins;

3.  Conotoxin;

4.  Ricin;

5.  Saxitoxin;

6.  Shiga toxin;

7.  Staphylococcus aureus toxins;

8.  Tetrodotoxin;

9.  Verotoxin and shiga-like ribosome inactivating proteins;

10.  Microcystin (Cyanginosin);

11.  Aflatoxins;

12.  Abrin;

13.  Cholera toxin;

14.  Diacetoxyscirpenol toxin;

15.  T-2 toxin;

16.  HT-2 toxin;

17.  Modeccin;

18.  Volkensin;

19.  Viscum album Lectin 1 (Viscumin);

Note:  1C351.d. does not control botulinum toxins or conotoxins in product form meeting all of the following criteria:

1.  Are pharmaceutical formulations designed for human administration in the treatment of medical conditions;

2.  Are pre-packaged for distribution as medical products;

3.  Are authorised by a state authority to be marketed as medical products.

e.  Fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Coccidioides immitis;

2.  Coccidioides posadasii.

Note:  1C351 does not control ‘vaccines’ or ‘immunotoxins’.

I.B.1C352

Animal pathogens, as follows:

a.  Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  African swine fever virus;

2.  Avian influenza virus, which are:

a.  Uncharacterised; or

b.  Defined in Annex I(2) to Directive 2005/94/EC (1) as having high pathogenicity, as follows:

1.  Type A viruses with an IVPI (intravenous pathogenicity index) in six-week-old chickens of greater than 1,2; or

2.  Type A viruses of the subtypes H5 or H7 with genome sequences codified for multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin molecule similar to that observed for other HPAI viruses, indicating that the haemagglutinin molecule can be cleaved by a host ubiquitous protease;

3.  Bluetongue virus;

4.  Foot and mouth disease virus;

5.  Goat pox virus;

6.  Porcine herpes virus (Aujeszky’s disease);

7.  Swine fever virus (Hog cholera virus);

8.  Lyssa virus;

9.  Newcastle disease virus;

10.  Peste des petits ruminants virus;

11.  Porcine enterovirus type 9 (swine vesicular disease virus);

12.  Rinderpest virus;

13.  Sheep pox virus;

14.  Teschen disease virus;

15.  Vesicular stomatitis virus;

16.  Lumpy skin disease virus;

17.  African horse sickness virus;

b.  Mycoplasmas, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC (small colony);

2.  Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae.

Note:  1C352 does not control ‘vaccines’.

I.B.1C353

Genetic elements and genetically modified organisms, as follows:

a.  Genetically modified organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences associated with pathogenicity of organisms specified in 1C351.a., 1C351.b., 1C351.c, 1C351.e., 1C352 or 1C354;

b.  Genetically modified organisms or genetic elements that contain nucleic acid sequences coding for any of the ‘toxins’ specified in 1C351.d. or ‘sub-units of toxins’ thereof.

Technical Notes:

1.  Genetic elements include, inter alia, chromosomes, genomes, plasmids, transposons and vectors whether genetically modified or unmodified.

2.  Nucleic acid sequences associated with the pathogenicity of any of the micro-organisms specified in 1C351.a., 1C351.b., 1C351.c., 1C351.e., 1C352 or 1C354 means any sequence specific to the specified micro-organism that:

a.  In itself or through its transcribed or translated products represents a significant hazard to human, animal or plant health; or

b.  Is known to enhance the ability of a specified micro-organism, or any other organism into which it may be inserted or otherwise integrated, to cause serious harm to humans, animals or plant health.

Note:  1C353 does not apply to nucleic acid sequences associated with the pathogenicity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, serotype O157 and other verotoxin producing strains, other than those coding for the verotoxin, or for its sub-units.

I.B.1C354

Plant pathogens, as follows:

a.  Viruses, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Potato Andean latent tymovirus;

2.  Potato spindle tuber viroid;

b.  Bacteria, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Xanthomonas albilineans;

2.  Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri including strains referred to as Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri types A,B,C,D,E or otherwise classified as Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas campestris pv. aurantifolia or Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo;

3.  Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Pseudomonas campestris pv. Oryzae);

4.  Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicus (Corynebacterium michiganensis subsp. Sepedonicum or Corynebacterium Sepedonicum);

5.  Ralstonia solanacearum Races 2 and 3 (Pseudomonas solanacearum Races 2 and 3 or Burkholderia solanacearum Races 2 and 3);

c.  Fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures, as follows:

1.  Colletotrichum coffeanum var. virulans (Colletotrichum kahawae);

2.  Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Helminthosporium oryzae);

3.  Microcyclus ulei (syn. Dothidella ulei);

4.  Puccinia graminis (syn. Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici);

5.  Puccinia striiformis (syn. Puccinia glumarum);

6.  Magnaporthe grisea (pyricularia grisea/pyricularia oryzae).

I.B.1C450

Toxic chemicals and toxic chemical precursors, as follows, and ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more thereof:

NB:  SEE ALSO ENTRY 1C350, 1C351.d. AND MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS.

a.  Toxic chemicals, as follows:

1.  Amiton: O,O-Diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothiolate (78-53-5) and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts;

2.  PFIB: 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene (382-21-8);

3.  SEE MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS FOR

BZ: 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (6581-06-2);

4.  Phosgene: Carbonyl dichloride (75-44-5);

5.  Cyanogen chloride (506-77-4);

6.  Hydrogen cyanide (74-90-8);

7.  Chloropicrin: Trichloronitromethane (76-06-2);

Note 1:  For exports to ‘States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention’, 1C450 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.a.1. and .a.2. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 1 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 2:  1C450 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.a.4., .a.5., .a.6. and .a.7. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 3:  1C450 does not control products identified as consumer goods packaged for retail sale for personal use or packaged for individual use.

b.  Toxic chemical precursors, as follows:

1.  Chemicals, other than those specified in the Military Goods Controls or in 1C350, containing a phosphorus atom to which is bonded one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group but not further carbon atoms;

Note:  1C450.b.1 does not control Fonofos: O-Ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonothiolothionate (944-22-9);

2.  N,N-Dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)] phosphoramidic dihalides, other than N,N-Dimethylaminophosphoryl dichloride;

NB:  See 1C350.57. for N,N-Dimethylaminophosphoryl dichloride.

3.  Dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)] N,N-dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)]-phosphoramidates, other than Diethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramidate which is specified in 1C350;

4.  N,N-Dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)] aminoethyl-2-chlorides and corresponding protonated salts, other than N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethyl chloride or N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethyl chloride hydrochloride which are specified in 1C350;

5.  N,N-Dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)] aminoethane-2-ols and corresponding protonated salts, other than N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethanol (96-80-0) and N,N-Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8) which are specified in 1C350;

Note:  1C450.b.5. does not control the following:

a.  N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol (108-01-0) and corresponding protonated salts;

b.  Protonated salts of N,N-Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8).

6.  N,N-Dialkyl [methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso)] aminoethane-2-thiols and corresponding protonated salts, other than N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethane thiol which is specified in 1C350;

7.  See 1C350 for ethyldiethanolamine (139-87-7);

8.  Methyldiethanolamine (105-59-9).

Note 1:  For exports to ‘States not Party to the Chemical Weapons Convention’, 1C450 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entries 1C450.b.1., .b.2., .b.3., .b.4., .b.5. and .b.6. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 10 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 2:  1C450 does not control ‘chemical mixtures’ containing one or more of the chemicals specified in entry 1C450.b.8. in which no individually specified chemical constitutes more than 30 % by the weight of the mixture.

Note 3:  1C450 does not control products identified as consumer goods packaged for retail sale for personal use or packaged for individual use.

No

Description

I.B.1D003

‘Software’ specially designed or modified to enable equipment to perform the functions of equipment specified in 1A004.c. or 1A004.d.

I.B.2D351

‘Software’, other than that specified in 1D003, specially designed for ‘use’ of equipment specified in 2B351.

I.B.9D001

‘Software’ specially designed or modified for the ‘development’ of equipment or ‘technology’, specified in 9A012.

I.B.9D002

‘Software’ specially designed or modified for the ‘production’ of equipment specified in 9A012.

No

Description

I.B.1E001

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘development’ or ‘production’ of equipment or materials specified in 1A004, 1C350 to 1C354 or 1C450.

I.B.2E001

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘development’ of equipment or ‘software’ specified in 2B350, 2B351, 2B352 or 2D351.

I.B.2E002

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘production’ of equipment specified in 2B350, 2B351 or 2B352.

I.B.2E301

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘use’ of goods specified in 2B350 to 2B352.

I.B.9E001

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘development’ of equipment or ‘software’, specified in 9A012 or 9A350.

I.B.9E002

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘production’ of equipment specified in 9A350.

I.B.9E101

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘production’ of ‘UAVs’ specified in 9A012.

Technical Note:

In 9E101.b. ‘UAV’ means unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.

I.B.9E102

‘Technology’ according to the General Technology Note for the ‘use’‘UAVs’ specified in 9A012.

Technical Note:

In 9E101.b. ‘UAV’ means unmanned aerial vehicle systems capable of a range exceeding 300 km.

No

Description

Related item from Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009

I.C.A.001

Chemicals at 95 % concentration or greater, as follows:

1.  Ethylene dichloride, (CAS 107-06-2)

I.C.A.002

Chemicals at 95 % concentration or greater, as follows:

1.  Nitromethane, (CAS 75-52-5)

2.  Picric acid, (CAS 88-89-1)

I.C.A.003

Chemicals at 95 % concentration or greater, as follows:

1.  Aluminum chloride, (CAS 7446-70-0)

2.  Arsenic, (CAS 7440-38-2)

3.  Arsenic trioxide, (CAS 1327-53-3)

4.  Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine hydrochloride, (CAS 3590-07-6)

5.  Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine hydrochloride, (CAS 55-86-7)

6.  Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride, (CAS 817-09-4)

B.001

‘Technology’ required for the ‘development’, ‘production’ or ‘use’ of the items in Section I.C.A.

Technical Note:

The term ‘technology’ includes ‘software’.

Name

Identifying information

Reasons

Date of listing

1.

Bashar () AL‐ASSAD ()

Date of birth: 11.9.1965;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No D1903;

Gender: male

President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators.

23.5.2011

2.

Maher () (a.k.a. Mahir) AL‐ASSAD ()

Date of birth: 8.12.1967;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No 4138;

Position: Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division

Gender: male

Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division. Member of the Assad family; brother of President Bashar al‐Assad.

9.5.2011

3.

Ali () MAMLUK () (a.k.a. Mamlouk)

Date of birth: 19.2.1946;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No 983;

Gender: male

Director of the National Security Bureau. Former Head of Syrian Intelligence Directorate involved in violence against demonstrators.

9.5.2011

4.

Atej () (a.k.a. Atef, Atif) NAJIB () (a.k.a. Najeeb)

Place of birth: Jablah, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Head of the Political Security Directorate in Dara’a. Involved in violence against demonstrators. Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.

9.5.2011

5.

Hafiz () MAKHLOUF ()

(a.k.a. Hafez Makhlouf)

Date of birth: 2.4.1971;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No 2246;

Gender: male

Former Colonel and Head of Unit in General Intelligence Directorate, Damascus Branch in post after May 2011. Member of the Makhlouf family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.

9.5.2011

6.

Muhammad () Dib () ZAYTUN ()

(a.k.a. Mohammed Dib Zeitoun; a.k.a. Mohamed Dib Zeitun)

Date of birth: 20.5.1951;

Place of birth: Jubba, Damascus province, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No D000001300;

Gender: male

Director of the National Security Bureau since July 2019. Former Head of the General Security Directorate; involved in violence against demonstrators.

9.5.2011

7.

Amjad () ABBAS () (a.k.a. al‐Abbas)

Gender: male

Former head of Political Security in Banyas, involved in violence against demonstrators in Baida. Promoted to the rank of Colonel in 2018.

9.5.2011

8.

Rami () MAKHLOUF ()

Date of birth: 10.7.1969;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Passport No 000098044;

Issue No 002‐03‐0015187;

Gender: male

Leading businessman operating in Syria with interests in the telecommunications, financial services, transport and property sectors. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions in Syriatel (the leading mobile telephone operator in Syria) and in the investment funds Al Mashreq, Bena Properties and Cham Holding.

He furnishes financing and support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests.

He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar Al‐Assad.

9.5.2011

9.

Abd al‐Fatah () QUDSIYAH ()

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Hama, Syria;

Diplomatic passport No D0005788;

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011.

Deputy Director of the National Security Bureau of the Ba’ath Party. Former Head of the Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate. Involved in violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

9.5.2011

10.

Jamil () (a.k.a. Jameel) HASSAN () (a.k.a. al‐Hassan)

Date of birth: 7.7.1953;

Place of birth: Qusayr, Homs province, Syria;

Former Head of Syrian Air Force Intelligence;

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Major‐General in the Syrian Air Force in post after May 2011. Former head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence in post after May 2011 and until July 2019. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

9.5.2011

11.

Mohammad Mouti' MOUAYYAD

(a.k.a. Mohammad Muti'a Moayyad)

Date of birth: 1968;

Place of birth: Ariha (Idlib), Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

12.

Ghazwan Kheir BEK

(a.k.a. Ghazqan Kheir Bek)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Latakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). He was previously General Director of the Port of Tartous. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

13.

Munzir () (a.k.a. Mundhir, Monzer) Jamil () AL‐ASSAD ()

Date of birth: 1.3.1961;

Place of birth: Kerdaha, Latakia Province, Syria;

Passports No 86449 and No 842781;

Gender: male

Involved in violence against the civilian population as part of the Shabiha militia.

9.5.2011

▼M57

14.

Brigadier General Mohammed BILAL

(a.k.a. Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Bilal)

Gender: male

As a senior officer in the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service, he supports the Syrian regime and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. He is also associated with the listed Scientific Studies Research Centre (SSRC).

21.10.2014

▼M52

15.

Kamal CHEIKHA

(a.k.a. Kamal al‐Sheikha)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

16.

Faruq () (a.k.a. Farouq, Farouk) AL SHAR' () (a.k.a. Al Char', Al Shara', Al Shara)

Date of birth: 10.12.1938;

Gender: male

Former Vice‐President of Syria; involved in violence against the civilian population.

23.5.2011

17.

Hassan NOURI

(a.k.a. Hassan al‐Nouri)

Date of birth: 9.2.1960;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Administrative Development in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

18.

Mohammed () HAMCHO ()

Date of birth: 20.5.1966;

Passport No 002954347;

Gender: male

Leading businessman operating in Syria, with interests in the engineering and construction, media, hospitality and health sector. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions within a number of companies in Syria, in particular Hamsho International, Hamsho Communication, Mhg International, Jupiter for Investment and Tourism project and Syria Metal Industries.

He plays an important role in the business community in Syria as general secretary of the Damascus Chamber of Commerce (appointed by the then Minister for economy Khodr Orfali in December 2014), chairman of the China‐Syria Bilateral Business Councils (since March 2014) and chairman of the Syrian Metal and Steel Council (since December 2015).

He has close business relationships with key figures of the Syrian regime, including Maher al‐Assad.

He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime through his business interests, and is associated with persons benefiting from and providing support to that regime.

27.1.2015

19.

Iyad () (a.k.a. Eyad) MAKHLOUF ()

Date of birth: 21.1.1973;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Passport No N001820740;

Gender: male

Member of the Makhlouf family; son of Mohammed Makhlouf, brother of Hafez Makhlouf and Rami Makhlouf and brother of Ihab Makhlouf; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.

Member of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011.

As an officer in the General Intelligence Directorate, involved in violence against the civilian population in Syria.

23.5.2011

20.

Bassam () AL HASSAN () (a.k.a. Al Hasan)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Sheen, Homs, Syria;

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Presidential Advisor for Strategic Affairs; head of the General Secretariat of the National Defence. Involved in violence against the civilian population.

23.5.2011

▼M46 —————

▼M57

22.

Ihab MAKHLOUF

(a.k.a. Ehab, Iehab)

(ايهاب مخلوف)

Date of birth: 21.1.1973;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Passport no: N002848852;

Gender: male

Leading businessman operating in Syria. He has business interests in several Syrian companies and entities, including Ramak Construction Co and Syrian International Private University for Science and Technology (SIUST).

He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al-Assad. In 2020, Ehab Makhlouf took over Rami Makhlouf’s business activities and the Syrian government granted him the contracts to operate and manage the duty-free markets across the country.

23.5.2011

▼M52

23.

Zoulhima () (a.k.a. Zu al‐Himma) CHALICHE () (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh)

(a.k.a. Dhu al‐Himma Shalish)

Date of birth: 1946 or 1951 or 1956;

Place of birth: Kerdaha, Syria;

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Officer of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011; former Head of Presidential Security.

Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011.

Involved in violence against demonstrators.

Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.

23.6.2011

24.

Riyad () CHALICHE () (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh)

(a.k.a. Riyad Shalish)

Function: chairman of Riyad Isa Development Corporation;

Gender: male

Former Director of Military Housing Establishment; provides funding to the Syrian regime; first cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.

23.6.2011

25.

Brigadier Commander Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali () JAFARI () (a.k.a. Jaafari, Ja'fari, Aziz; a.k.a. Jafari, Ali; a.k.a. Jafari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Ja'fari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Jafari‐Naja‐fabadi, Mohammad Ali)

Date of birth: 1.9.1957;

Place of birth: Yazd, Iran;

Gender: male

Head of ‘Baqiayt Allah’, cultural organisation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. General Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps until 21.4.2019, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria.

23.6.2011

▼M52 —————

▼M52

27.

Hossein () TAEB ()

(a.k.a. Taeb, Hassan; a.k.a. Taeb, Hosein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hossein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hussayn; a.k.a. Hojjatoleslam Hossein Ta'eb)

Date of birth: 1963;

Place of birth: Tehran, Iran;

Gender: male

Director of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Intelligence Service. Former Deputy Commander for Intelligence of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria.

23.6.2011

28.

Khalid () (a.k.a. Khaled) QADDUR () (a.k.a. Qadour, Qaddour, Kaddour)

Gender: male

Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in the telecommunications, oil and plastic industry sectors and close business relations with Maher al‐Assad.

He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business activities.

Associate of Maher al‐Assad, including through his business activities.

27.1.2015

29.

Ra'if () AL‐QUWATLY ()

(a.k.a. Ri'af al‐Quwatli a.k.a. Raeef al‐Kouatly)

Date of birth: 3.2.1967;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Business associate of Maher al‐Assad and responsible for managing some of his business interests; provides funding to the Syrian regime.

23.6.2011

30.

Mohammad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) MUFLEH () (a.k.a. Muflih)

Gender: male

Head of Syrian Military Intelligence in the town of Hama; involved in the crackdown on demonstrators.

1.8.2011

31.

Major General Tawfiq () (a.k.a. Tawfik) YOUNES () (a.k.a. Yunes)

Gender: male

Former head of the Department for Internal Security of the General Intelligence Directorate; involved in violence against the civilian population.

1.8.2011

32.

Mohammed () MAKHLOUF ()

(a.k.a. Abu Rami)

Date of birth: 19.10.1932;

Place of birth: Latakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Influential member of the Makhlouf family; business associate and father of Rami, Ihab and Iyad Makhlouf. Closely associated with the Assad family and maternal uncle of Bashar and Maher al‐Assad. Also referred to as Abu Rami.

Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy, including interests in and/or significant influence in the General Organisation of Tobacco and the oil and gas, arms and banking sectors.

Involved in business dealings for the Syrian regime in arms procurement and banking. Given the extent of his business and political ties to the Syrian regime, he provides support to and benefits from the regime.

1.8.2011

33.

Ayman () JABIR ()

(a.k.a. Aiman Jaber)

Place of birth: Latakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Leading businessman operating in Syria, involved in the steel, media, consumable goods and oil sectors, including in trading these goods. He has financial interests and/or holds senior executive positions in a number of companies and entities in Syria, in particular Al Jazira (a.k.a. Al Jazerra, El Jazireh), Dunia TV and Sama Satellite Channel.

Through his company Al Jazira, Ayman Jaber has facilitated the importation of oil from Overseas Petroleum Trading to Syria.

Ayman Jaber benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests.

Provides direct support for and plays a leading role in activities of regime‐affiliated militias known as Shabiha and/or Suqur as‐Sahraa.

Associate of Rami Makhlouf through his business activities, and an associate of Maher al‐Assad through his role in regime‐affiliated militias.

27.1.2015

34.

Hayel () AL‐ASSAD ()

(a.k.a. Hael al‐Asad (هاىلالأسد))

Gender: male

Assistant to Maher al‐Assad; Head of the military police unit of the army’s 4th Division, involved in repression.

23.8.2011

35.

Ali () AL‐SALIM () (a.k.a. al‐Saleem)

Gender: male

Director of the supplies office of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, entry point for all arms acquisitions by the Syrian army.

23.8.2011

▼M56

36.

Nizar AL-ASSAD (a.k.a. al-Asad, Assad, Asad, Assaad, Asaad, Al-Assaad)

(اسعد, الاسعد,الاسد;نزار)

Date of birth: 2.3.1948 or 23.3.1948 or March 1948;

Nationalities: Syrian, Lebanese and Canadian;

Syrian passport No 011090258;

Lebanese passport No RL0003434;

Canadian passport No AG629220;

Gender: male

Leading Syrian businessperson with close ties to the regime. Associated with the Assad and Makhlouf families.

As such, he has been participating in, benefiting from or otherwise supporting the Syrian regime.

Leading oil investor, founder and head of the Lead Contracting & Trading Ltd company.

23.8.2011

▼M52

37.

Major General Rafiq () (a.k.a. Rafeeq) SHAHADAH () (a.k.a. Shahada, Shahade, Shahadeh, Chahada, Chahade, Chahadeh, Chahada)

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Former Head of Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch 293 (Internal Affairs) in Damascus. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Damascus. Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad for strategic questions and military intelligence.

23.8.2011

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40.

Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Said () (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) BUKHAYTAN ()

Gender: male

Assistant Regional Secretary of the Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party since 2005; from 2000 to 2005 Director for the national security of the regional Ba’ath party. Former Governor of Hama (1998‐2000). Close associate of President Bashar al‐Assad and Maher al‐Assad. Senior decision‐maker in the regime on repression of civilian population.

23.8.2011

41.

Ali () DOUBA ()

Date of birth: 1933;

Place of birth: Karfis, Syria;

Gender: male

Special Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad.

As Special Advisor, participates in, benefits from and supports the Syrian regime. Has been involved in violently repressing the civilian population in Syria.

23.8.2011

42.

Brigadier‐General Nawful () (a.k.a. Nawfal, Nofal, Nawfel) AL‐HUSAYN () (a.k.a. al‐Hussain, al‐Hussein)

Gender: male

Idlib Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch Chief. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Idlib province.

23.8.2011

43.

Brigadier Husam () SUKKAR ()

Gender: male

Presidential Adviser on Security Affairs. Presidential Adviser for security agencies’ repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.

23.8.2011

44.

Brigadier‐General Muhammed () (a.k.a. Muhamad) ZAMRINI () (a.k.a. Zamreni)

Gender: male

Branch Chief for Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) in Homs. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Homs.

23.8.2011

45.

Munir () (a.k.a. Mounir, Mouneer, Monir, Moneer, Muneer) ADANOV () (a.k.a. Adnuf, Adanof)

Date of birth: 1951;

Place of birth: Homs, Syria;

Passport No 0000092405;

Position: Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training, Syrian Army;

Rank: Lieutenant‐General, Syrian Arab Army;

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Lieutenant General and Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training for the Syrian Army in post after May 2011. In his position as Deputy Chief of General Staff he was directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.

23.8.2011

46.

Brigadier‐General Ghassan () KHALIL () (a.k.a. Khaleel)

Gender: male

Head of General Intelligence Directorate’s Information Branch. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.

23.8.2011

47.

Mohammed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohamed) JABIR () (a.k.a. Jaber)

Place of birth: Latakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Shabiha militia. Associate of Maher al‐Assad for the Shabiha militia. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population, and in coordination of Shabiha militia groups.

23.8.2011

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48.

Samir HASSAN

(سمير حسن)

Gender: male

Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in the Amir Group and Cham Holding, two conglomerates with interests in the real estate, tourism, transport and finance sectors. President of the Syrian-Russian business council.

Samir Hassan supports the Syrian regime’s war effort with cash donations.

Samir Hassan is associated with persons benefitting from or supporting the regime. In particular, he is associated with Rami Makhlouf and Issam Anbouba, who have been designated by the Council and benefit from the Syrian regime.

27.9.2014

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49.

Fares () CHEHABI ()

(a.k.a. Fares Shihabi; Fares Chihabi)

Son of Ahmad Chehabi;

Date of birth: 7.5.1972;

Gender: male

President of Aleppo Chamber of Industry; Chairman of the Federation of Chambers of Industry since 16.12.2018. Vice‐Chairman of Cham Holding. Provides economic support to the Syrian regime. Member of Syrian Parliament since 2016.

2.9.2011

50.

Tarif () AKHRAS () (a.k.a. Al Akhras ())

Date of birth: 2.6.1951;

Place of birth: Homs, Syria;

Syrian passport No 0000092405;

Gender: male

Prominent businessman benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. Founder of the Akhras Group (commodities, trading, processing and logistics) and former Chairman of the Homs Chamber of Commerce. Close business relations with President Bashar al‐Assad’s family. Member of the Board of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Commerce. Provided logistical support for the regime (buses and tank loaders).

2.9.2011

51.

Issam () ANBOUBA ()

President of Anbouba for Agricultural Industries Co.;

Date of birth: 1952;

Place of birth: Homs, Syria;

Gender: male

Providing financial support for the repressive apparatus and the paramilitary groups exerting violence against the civil population in Syria. Providing property (premises, warehouses) for improvised detention centres. Financial relations with high‐ranking Syrian officials. Co‐founder and member of the board of Cham Holding.

2.9.2011

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52.

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53.

Adib () MAYALEH ()

(a.k.a. André Mayard)

Date of birth: 15.5.1955;

Place of birth: Bassir, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Syria.

Adib Mayaleh controlled the Syrian banking sector and managed the Syrian money supply through the issue and withdrawal of bank notes and control of the foreign exchange rate value of the Syrian Pound. Through his role at the Central Bank of Syria, Adib Mayaleh provided economic and financial support to the Syrian regime.

Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in power after May 2011.

15.5.2012

54.

Major General Jumah () AL‐AHMAD () (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)

Gender: male

Commander Special Forces. Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria.

14.11.2011

55.

Colonel Lu'ai () (a.k.a. Louay, Loai) AL‐ALI ()

Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Head of Syrian Military Intelligence, Dara’a Branch. Responsible for violence against protesters in Dara’a.

14.11.2011

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56.

Ali () Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) AYYUB () (a.k.a. Ayyoub, Ayub, Ayoub, Ayob)

Date of birth: 1952;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Vice President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Defence. Appointed in January 2018.

Officer of the rank of General in the Syrian Army, in post after May 2011. Former Chief of General Staff of the Syrian Armed Forces. Person supporting the Syrian regime and responsible for repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.

14.11.2011

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57.

Fahd () (a.k.a. Fahid, Fahed) Jasim () (a.k.a. Jasem, Jassim, Jassem) AL‐FURAYJ () (a.k.a. al‐Freij)

Date of birth: 1.1.1950;

Place of birth: Hama, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Defence. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

14.11.2011

58.

Major General Aous () (a.k.a. Aws, Aus) ‘Ali’ ASLAN ()

Date of birth: 1958;

Gender: male

High‐ranking officer. Close to Maher al‐Assad and President Bashar al‐Assad. Former positions: Commander of the 40th Brigade (4th Division) between 2011 and 2014; deputy Commander of the 4th Division in 2015; Commander of the 2nd Corps in 2016. Involved in the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria, including arbitrary arrests, mass killings and forced displacements of civilian population.

14.11.2011

59.

General Ghassan () BELAL () (a.k.a. Bilal)

Gender: male

Head of the 4th Division security bureau, head of the 555th paratrooper regiment. Adviser to Maher al‐Assad and coordinator of security operations. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria and involved in several breaches of cessation of hostilities in the Ghouta.

14.11.2011

60.

Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) BERRI ()

Gender: male

Head of the Berri family militia. In charge of pro‐government militia involved in the crackdown on the civilian population in Aleppo.

14.11.2011

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61.

George CHAOUI

(جورج شاوي)

Gender: male

Member of the Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.

14.11.2011

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62.

Zuhair () (a.k.a. Zouheir, Zuheir, Zouhair) HAMAD ()

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Rank: Major General;

Position: Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate (a.k.a. General Security Directorate) since July 2012;

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for repression, human rights abuses and violence against the civilian population in Syria.

14.11.2011

63.

Amar () (a.k.a. Ammar) ISMAEL () (a.k.a. Ismail)

Date of birth on or around 3.4.1973;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Civilian ‐ Head of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.

14.11.2011

64.

Mujahed () ISMAIL () (a.k.a. Ismael)

Gender: male

Member of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.

14.11.2011

65.

Major General Nazih ()

Gender: male

Deputy Director of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors.

14.11.2011

66.

Major General Kifah () MOULHEM () (a.k.a. Moulhim, Mulhem, Mulhim, Milhem)

Place of birth: Junaynat Ruslan, Tartous province, Syria;

Gender: male

Head of the Military Intelligence Directorate since March 2019. Former Head of the Security Committee in the Southern region and former deputy head of the Military Intelligence directorate, leading the regime’s operation in Homs and Aleppo regions. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population in Deir ez‐Zor and the main individual responsible for the violent repression committed by the Military Intelligence Directorate (Branch 248) throughout 2011 and 2012 as well as torture and severe violations on detainees.

14.11.2011

67.

Major General Wajih () (a.k.a. Wajeeh) MAHMUD ()

Gender: male

Commander 18th Armoured Division. Responsible for the violence against protestors in Homs.

14.11.2011

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68.

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69.

Lt. General Talal () Mustafa () TLASS ()

Gender: male

Deputy Chief of General Staff (Logistics and supplies). Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria.

14.11.2011

70.

Major General Fu'ad () TAWIL ()

Gender: male

Deputy head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors.

14.11.2011

71.

Bushra () AL‐ASSAD ()

(a.k.a. Bushra Shawkat, Bouchra Al Assad)

Date of birth: 24.10.1960;

Gender: female

Member of the Assad family; sister of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime.

23.3.2012

72.

Asma () AL‐ASSAD ()

(a.k.a. Asma Fawaz Al Akhras)

Date of birth: 11.8.1975;

Place of birth: London, UK;

Passport No 707512830, expires 22.9.2020;

Maiden name: Al Akhras;

Gender: female

Member of the Assad family and closely connected to key regime figures; wife of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime.

23.3.2012

73.

Manal () AL‐ASSAD ()

(a.k.a. Manal Al Ahmad)

Date of birth: 2.2.1970;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Passport No (Syrian) 0000000914;

Maiden name: Al Jadaan;

Gender: female

Wife of Maher al‐Assad, and as such benefits from and is closely associated with the Syrian regime.

23.3.2012

74.

Mohammad Walid GHAZAL

Date of birth: 1951;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

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76.

Major General Ibrahim () AL‐HASSAN () (a.k.a. al‐Hasan)

Gender: male

Deputy Chief of Staff. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

77.

Brigadier Khalil () (a.k.a. Khaleel) ZGHRAYBIH (,) (a.k.a. Zghraybeh, Zghraybe, Zghrayba, Zghraybah, Zaghraybeh, Zaghraybe, Zaghrayba, Zaghraybah, Zeghraybeh, Zeghraybe, Zeghrayba, Zeghraybah, Zughraybeh, Zughraybe, Zughrayba, Zughraybah, Zighraybeh, Zighraybe, Zighrayba, Zighraybah)

Gender: male

14th Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

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78.

Ali BARAKAT

(a.k.a. Barakat Ali Barakat)

( علي بركات; بركات علي بركات)

Gender: male

Military official involved in the violence in Homs. Currently serves in the 30th Mobile Infantry Division of the Republican Guard.

1.12.2011

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79.

Major General Talal () MAKHLUF () (a.k.a. Makhlouf)

Gender: male

Former commander of the 105th Brigade of the Republican Guards. Former Commander General of the Republican Guards. Current Commander of the 2nd Corps. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Military official involved in the violence in Damascus.

1.12.2011

80.

Major General Nazih () (a.k.a. Nazeeh) HASSUN () (a.k.a. Hassoun)

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Head of the Political Security Directorate of the Syrian security services in post after May 2011. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

1.12.2011

81.

Captain Maan () (a.k.a. Ma'an) JDIID () (a.k.a. Jdid, Jedid, Jedeed, Jadeed, Jdeed)

Gender: male

Presidential Guard. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

82.

Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐SHAAR () (a.k.a. al‐Chaar, al‐Sha'ar, al‐Cha'ar)

Gender: male

Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

83.

Khald () (a.k.a. Khaled) AL‐TAWEEL () (a.k.a. al‐Tawil)

Gender: male

Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

84.

Ghiath () FAYAD () (a.k.a. Fayyad)

Gender: male

Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.

1.12.2011

85.

Brigadier General Jawdat () Ibrahim () SAFI ()

Position: Commander of the 154th Regiment;

Gender: male

Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma.

23.1.2012

86.

Major General Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali () DURGHAM

Position: Commander of the 4th Division;

Gender: male

Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma.

23.1.2012

87.

Major General Ramadan () Mahmoud () RAMADAN ()

Position: Commander of the 35th Special Forces Regiment;

Gender: male

Ordered troops to shoot protestors in Baniyas and Deraa.

23.1.2012

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89.

Major General Naim () (a.k.a. Naaeem, Naeem, Na'eem, Naaim, Na'im) Jasem () SULEIMAN ()

Position: Commander of the 3rd Division;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma.

23.1.2012

90.

Brigadier General Jihad () Mohamed () (a.k.a Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) SULTAN ()

Position: Commander of the 65th Brigade;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma.

23.1.2012

91.

Major General Fo'ad () (a.k.a. Fouad, Fu'ad) HAMOUDEH () (a.k.a. Hammoudeh, Hammoude, Hammouda, Hammoudah)

Position: Commander of the military operations in Idlib;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Idlib at the beginning of September 2011.

23.1.2012

92.

Major General Bader () AQEL ()

Position: Special Forces Commander;

Gender: male

Gave soldiers orders to pick up the bodies and hand them over to the mukhabarat and responsible for the violence in Bukamal.

23.1.2012

93.

Brigadier General Ghassan () AFIF () (a.k.a. Afeef)

Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment;

Gender: male

Commander of military operations in Homs, Baniyas and Idlib.

23.1.2012

94.

Brigadier General Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) MAARUF () (a.k.a. Maarouf, Ma'ruf)

Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment;

Gender: male

Commander of military operations in Homs. Gave orders to shoot protestors in Homs.

23.1.2012

95.

Brigadier General Yousef () ISMAIL () (a.k.a. Ismael)

Position: Commander of the 134th Brigade;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot at houses and people on roofs during a funeral in Talbiseh for protesters killed the previous day.

23.1.2012

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96.

Brigadier General Jamal YUNES

(a.k.a. Younes)

(جمال يونس)

Position: Commander of the 555th Regiment;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot at protestors in Mo'adamiyeh.

Head of the Military Security Committee in Hama in 2018.

23.1.2012

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98.

Brigadier General Ali () DAWWA

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Al‐Herak.

23.1.2012

99.

Major General Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) KHADDOR () (a.k.a. Khaddour, Khaddur, Khadour, Khudour)

Position: Commander of the 106th Brigade, Presidential Guard;

Gender: male

Gave orders to troops to beat protesters with sticks and then arrest them. Responsible for repression of peaceful protestors in Douma.

23.1.2012

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101.

Wafiq () (a.k.a. Wafeeq) NASSER ()

Position: Head of Suwayda Regional Branch (Department of Military Intelligence);

Gender: male

As Head of the Suwayda Regional Branch of the Department for Military Intelligence, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Suwayda.

23.1.2012

102.

Ahmed () (a.k.a. Ahmad) DIBE () (a.k.a. Dib, Deeb)

Head of Deraa Regional Branch (General Security Directorate);

Gender: male

As Head of the Deraa Regional Branch of the General Security Directorate, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Deraa.

23.1.2012

103.

Makhmoud () (a.k.a. Mahmoud) AL‐KHATTIB () (a.k.a. al‐Khatib, al‐Khateeb)

Position: Head of Investigative Branch (Political Security Directorate);

Gender: male

As Head of the Investigative Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees.

23.1.2012

104.

Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Heikmat () (a.k.a. Hikmat, Hekmat) IBRAHIM ()

Position: Major General. Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka;

Gender: male

Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka. Major General. As former Head of the Operations Branch of the Political Security Directorate, was responsible for detention and torture of detainees.

23.1.2012

105.

Nasser () (a.k.a. Naser) AL‐ALI ()

(a.k.a. Brigadier General Nasr al‐Ali)

Position: Head of the Political Security Directorate;

Gender: male

Head of the Political Security Directorate since July 2019. Responsible for detention and torture of detainees.

23.1.2012

106.

Dr. Wael () Nader () AL–HALQI () (a.k.a. al‐Halki)

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Dara’a Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Prime Minister, in office until 3.7.2016, and former Minister of Health. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Qasyoun Private University.

27.2.2012

107.

Mohammad Ibrahim AL‐SHA'AR

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of the Interior. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Vice Chair of the National Progressive Front of Syria.

1.12.2011

108.

Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐JLEILATI ()

Date of birth: 1945;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Finance, in office until 9.2.2013. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

1.12.2011

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109.

Imad () Mohammad

() (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Deeb () KHAMIS ()

(a.k.a. Imad Mohammad Dib Khamees)

Date of birth: 1.8.1961;

Place of birth: near Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Prime Minister and Former Minister of Electricity.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

▼M52

110.

Omar () Ibrahim () GHALAWANJI ()

Date of birth: 1954;

Place of birth: Tartous, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Vice Prime Minister for Services Affairs, former Minister of Local Administration, in office until 3.7.2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

111.

Joseph () SUWAID ()

Date of birth: 1958;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State, in office until at least 21.1.2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Amana wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.

23.3.2012

112.

Hussein () (a.k.a. Hussain) Mahmoud () FARZAT ()

(a.k.a.: Hussein Mahmud Farzat)

Date of birth: 1957;

Place of birth: Hama, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State, in office until at least 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

113.

Mansour () Fadlallah () AZZAM ()

(a.k.a.: Mansur Fadl Allah Azzam)

Date of birth: 1960;

Place of birth: Sweida Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Minister for Presidency Affairs. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

27.2.2012

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114.

Emad Abdul-Ghani SABOUNI

(a.k.a. Imad Abdul Ghani Al Sabuni)

(عماد عبدالغني صابوني)

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Telecommunications and Technology, in office until at least April 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Appointed in July 2016 as the Head of Planning and International Cooperation Agency (PICC). The PICC is a government agency, affiliated to the Prime Ministry and produces, in particular, the five-year plans that provide the broad guidelines for the Government’s economic and development policies.

27.2.2012

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116.

Tayseer () Qala () AWWAD ()

Date of birth: 1943;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Justice. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. Former Head of Military Court. Member of the High Judicial Council.

23.9.2011

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117.

Adnan Hassan MAHMOUD

(عدنان حسن محمود)

Date of birth: 1966;

Place of birth: Tartous, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Syrian Ambassador to Iran until 2020. Former Minister of Information in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

23.9.2011

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118.

Khalaf Souleymane ABDALLAH

(a.k.a. Khalaf Sleiman al‐Abdullah)

Date of birth: 1960;

Place of birth: Deir ez‐Zor, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Labour in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

119.

Sufian () ALLAW ()

Date of birth: 1944;

Place of birth: al‐Bukamal, Deir Ezzor, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

27.2.2012

120.

Dr. Adnan () SLAKHO ()

Date of birth: 1955;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Industry. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

27.2.2012

121.

Dr. Saleh () AL‐RASHED ()

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Aleppo Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Education. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

27.2.2012

122.

Dr. Fayssal () (a.k.a. Faysal) ABBAS ()

Date of birth: 1955;

Place of birth: Hama Province, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Transport. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

27.2.2012

123.

Ghiath () JERAATLI () (a.k.a. Jer'atli, Jir'atli, Jiraatli)

Date of birth: 1950;

Place of birth: Salamiya, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

124.

Yousef () Suleiman () AL‐AHMAD () (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Hasaka, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

125.

Hassan (,) AL‐SARI ()

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Hama, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.

23.3.2012

126.

Bouthaina () SHAABAN ()

(a.k.a. Buthaina Shaaban)

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Homs, Syria;

Gender: female

Political and Media Advisor to the President since July 2008 and as such associated with the violent crackdown on the civilian population.

26.6.2012

127.

Brigadier General Sha'afiq () (a.k.a. Shafiq, Shafik) MASA () (a.k.a. Massa)

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Al‐Zara (Hama), Syria;

Gender: male

Head of Branch 215 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of detained opponents. Involved in repressive actions against civilians.

24.7.2012

128.

Brigadier General Burhan () QADOUR () (a.k.a. Qaddour, Qaddur)

Gender: male

Former Head of Branch 291 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

129.

Brigadier General Salah () HAMAD ()

Gender: male

Deputy Head of Branch 291 of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

130.

Brigadier General Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohammed) KHALLOUF () (a.k.a. Abou Ezzat)

Gender: male

Former (2009‐2014) Head of Branch 235 a.k.a. ‘Palestine’ (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service, which is at the centre of the army’s apparatus of repression. Directly involved in repression of opponents. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

131.

Major General Riad () (a.k.a. Riyad) AL‐AHMED () (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)

Gender: male

Deputy Head of Latakia Branch of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture and murder of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

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132.

Brigadier General Abdul-Salam Fajr MAHMOUD

(عبدالسلام فجر محمود)

Date of birth: 1959

Gender: male

Head of the Security Committee of the Southern Region since December 2020. Former Head of the Bab Tuma (Damascus) Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Mezze Airport Air Force intelligence investigation branch. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. Under international arrest warrant for ‘complicity in acts of torture’, ‘complicity in crimes against humanity’ and ‘complicity in war crimes’.

24.7.2012

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133.

Brigadier General Jawdat () AL‐AHMED () (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)

Place of birth: Qardaha, Lattakia province, Syria;

Gender: male

Head of the Homs Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as killings of peaceful protesters.

24.7.2012

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134.

Colonel Qusay Ibrahim MIHOUB

(قصي إبراهيم ميهوب )

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Derghamo, Jableh, Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

High-ranking officer at the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Deraa branch of the air force’s intelligence service (sent from Damascus to Deraa at the start of demonstrations there). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as the violent repression of peaceful protests in the southern region.

24.7.2012

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135.

Brigadier General Suhail () (a.k.a. Suheil) AL‐ABDULLAH () (a.k.a. al‐Abdallah)

Gender: male

Head of the Latakia Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

136.

Brigadier General Khudr () KHUDR ()

Gender: male

Head of the Latakia branch of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

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137.

Brigadier General Ibrahim MA'ALA

(a.k.a. Maala, Maale, Ma'la)

( معلى;معلا (ابراهيم

Gender: male

Head of Branch 285 (Damascus) of the General Intelligence Directorate (replaced Brigadier General Hussam Fendi at the end of 2011). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

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138.

Brigadier General Firas () AL‐HAMED () (a.k.a. al‐Hamid)

Gender: male

Head of Branch 318 (Homs) of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

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139.

Major General Hussam LUQA

(a.k.a. Husam, Housam, Houssam; Louqa, Louca, Louka, Luka)

(حسام لوقا)

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Head of the Security Committee of the Southern Region from 2018 to 2020. Former Head of the General Security Directorate. Major General. From April 2012 to 2.12.2018, was head of the Homs branch of the Political Security Directorate (succeeded Brigadier General Nasr al-Ali). Since 3.12.2018, head of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

140.

Brigadier General Taha TAHA

(طه طه)

Gender: male

Deputy assistant to the Head of the Political Security Division. Former site manager of the Latakia branch of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.

24.7.2012

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141.

Bassel () (a.k.a. Basel) BILAL ()

Gender: male

Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.

24.7.2012

142.

Ahmad () (a.k.a. Ahmed) KAFAN ()

Gender: male

Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.

24.7.2012

143.

Bassam () AL‐MISRI ()

Gender: male

Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.

24.7.2012

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144.

Major General Ahmed AL-JARROUCHEH (a.k.a. Ahmad; al-Jarousha, al-Jarousheh, al-Jaroucha, al-Jarouchah, al-Jaroucheh)

(احمد الجروشة)

Date of birth: 1957;

Gender: male

Former head of the foreign branch of General Intelligence (Branch 279). As such, responsible for General Intelligence arrangements in Syrian embassies.

24.7.2012

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145.

Michel () KASSOUHA () (a.k.a. Kasouha) (a.k.a. Ahmed Salem; Ahmed Salem Hassan)

Date of birth: 1.2.1948;

Gender: male

Member of the Syrian security services since the early 1970s, he is involved in combating opposition in France and Germany. Since March 2006, has been responsible for public relations of Branch 273 of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate. A longstanding member of the managerial staff, he is close to General Intelligence Directorate head Ali Mamlouk, one of the top security officials of the regime who has been subject to EU restrictive measures since 9.5.2011. He directly supports the Syrian regime’s repression of opponents and is responsible inter alia for repression of the Syrian opposition abroad.

24.7.2012

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146.

General Ghassan Jaoudat ISMAIL

(a.k.a. Ismael)

(غسان جودت اسماعيل)

Date of birth: 1960;

Place of birth: Junaynat Ruslan – Darkoush, Tartous region, Syria;

Gender: male

Head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service since 2019. Former deputy director of the Air Force Intelligence Service and previously in charge of the missions branch of the Air Force Intelligence Service which, in cooperation with the special operations branch, manages the elite troops of the Air Force Intelligence Service, who play an important role in the repression conducted by the Syrian regime. As such, Ghassan Jaoudat Ismail is one of the top military leaders directly implementing the violent repression of opponents conducted by the Syrian regime as well as practices of disappearance of civilians.

24.7.2012

147.

Major General Amer AL-ACHI

(a.k.a. Amer Ibrahim al-Achi; Amis al Ashi; Ammar Aachi; Amer Ashi)

(عامر ابراهيم العشي)

Gender: male

Former Governor of the Sweida Governorate, appointed by President Bashar al-Assad in July 2016. Former Head of the intelligence branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service (2012-2016). Through his role in the Air Force Intelligence Service, Amer al-Achi is implicated in the repression of the Syrian opposition.

24.7.2012

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148.

General Mohammed () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammad) Ali () NASR () (a.k.a. Mohammed Ali Naser)

Date of birth: around 1960;

Gender: male

Close to Maher al‐Assad, younger brother of President Bashar al‐Assad. Most of his career has been spent in the Republican Guard. In 2010 he joined the internal branch (Branch 251) of the General Intelligence Directorate which is responsible for combating the political opposition. As one of its senior officers, General Mohammed Ali Nasr is directly involved in the repression of opponents.

24.7.2012

149.

General Issam () HALLAQ ()

Gender: male

Air Force Chief of Staff since 2010. Commands air operations against opponents.

24.7.2012

150.

Ezzedine () ISMAEL () (a.k.a. Ismail)

Date of birth: middle of the 1940s (probably 1947);

Place of birth: Bastir, Jableh region, Syria;

Gender: male

Retired general, longstanding member of the managerial staff of the Air Force Intelligence Service, of which he became the head in the early 2000s. Was appointed political and security adviser to the President in 2006. As political and security adviser to President Bashar al‐Assad, Ezzedine Ismael is implicated in the political repression conducted by the Syrian regime against the opposition.

24.7.2012

151.

Samir () (a.k.a. Sameer) JOUMAA () (a.k.a. Jumaa, Jum'a, Joum'a)

(a.k.a. Abou Sami)

Date of birth: around 1962;

Gender: male

For almost 20 years he has been head of the office of Mohammad Nassif Kheir Bek, one of the main security advisers of President Bashar al‐Assad (and officially deputy to the Vice President, Farouk al‐Sharaa). Samir Joumaa’s closeness to President Bashar al‐Assad and Mohammed Nassif Kheir Bek means that he is implicated in the policy of repression conducted by the Syrian regime against its opponents.

24.7.2012

152.

Dr. Qadri () (a.k.a. Kadri) JAMIL () (a.k.a. Jameel)

Date of birth: 1952;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Vice Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, former Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Protection. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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155.

Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Abdul‐Sattar () (a.k.a. Abd al‐Sattar) AL SAYED () (a.k.a. Al Sayyed)

Date of birth: 1958;

Place of birth: Tartous, Syria;

Gender: male

Minister of Religious Endowments. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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156.

Hala Mohammad

(a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL NASSER

(هاله محمد الناصر)

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Raqqa, Syria;

Gender: female

Former Minister of Tourism. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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157.

Bassam () HANNA ()

Date of birth: 1954;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

158.

Subhi () Ahmad () AL ABDALLAH () (a.k.a. al‐Abdullah)

Gender: male

Former Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

159.

Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) Yahiya () (a.k.a. Yehya, Yahya, Yihya, Yihia, Yahia) MOALLA () (a.k.a. Mu'la, Ma'la, Muala, Maala, Mala)

Date of birth: 1951;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Higher Education. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

160.

Dr. Hazwan () AL WEZ () (a.k.a. Al Wazz)

Gender: male

Former Minister of Education, appointed in July 2016.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

161.

Dr. Mohamad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammad) Zafer () (a.k.a. Dhafer) MOHABAK () (a.k.a. Mohabbak, Muhabak, Muhabbak)

Date of birth: 1945

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

162.

Dr. Mahmoud () Ibraheem () (a.k.a. Ibrahim) SA'IID () (a.k.a. Said, Sa'eed, Saeed)

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

163.

Dr. Safwan () AL ASSAF ()

Gender: male

Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

164.

Yasser () (a.k.a. Yaser) AL SIBA'II () (a.k.a. al‐Sibai, al‐Siba'i, al Sibaei)

Gender: male

Former Minister of Public Works. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

165.

Sa'iid () (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) MA'THI () (a.k.a. Mu'zi, Mu'dhi, Ma'dhi, Ma'zi, Maazi) Hneidi ()

Gender: male

Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

166.

Dr. Lubana () (a.k.a. Lubanah) MUSHAWEH () (a.k.a. Mshaweh, Mshawweh, Mushawweh)

Date of birth: 1955;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: female

Former Minister of Culture in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

167.

Dr. Jassem () (a.k.a. Jasem) Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) ZAKARIA ()

Date of birth: 1968;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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169.

Dr. Adnan () Abdo () (a.k.a. Abdou) AL SIKHNY () (a.k.a. al‐Sikhni, al‐Sekhny, al‐Sekhni)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

170.

Najm () (a.k.a. Nejm) Hamad () AL AHMAD () (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)

Gender: male

Former Minister of Justice in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

171.

Dr. Abdul‐Salam () AL NAYEF ()

Date of birth: 1959

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Health in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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172.

Ali HADAR (a.k.a. HAIDAR)

Date of birth: 1962;

Gender: male

Head of the National Reconciliation Agency and former State Minister for National Reconciliation Affairs. Chair of the Intifada wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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173.

Dr. Nazeera () (a.k.a. Nazira, Nadheera, Nadhira) Farah () SARKEES () (a.k.a. Sarkis)

Date of birth: 1962;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: female

Former State Minister for Environmental Affairs, in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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175.

Najm‐eddin () (a.k.a. Nejm‐eddin, Nejm‐eddeen, Najm‐eddeen, Nejm‐addin, Nejm‐addeen, Najm‐addeen, Najm‐addin) KHREIT () (a.k.a. Khrait)

Gender: male

Former State Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

176.

Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) Khaleel () (a.k.a. Khalil) HUSSEIN () a.k.a. Hussain)

Gender: male

Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

177.

Jamal () Sha'ban () (a.k.a. Shaaban) SHAHEEN ()

Gender: male

Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

16.10.2012

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178.

Nizar Wahbeh YAZAJI

(a.k.a. Nizar Wehbe Yazigi)

(نزار وهبه يازجي)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Health.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

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179.

Razan () OTHMAN ()

Wife of Rami Makhlouf, daughter of Waleed (alias Walid) Othman;

Date of birth: 31.1.1977;

Place of birth: Governorate of Latakia, Syria;

ID No: 06090034007

Gender: female

Razan Othman has close personal and financial relations with Rami Makhlouf, cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad and principal financer of the regime, who has been designated by the Council. As such, associated with the Syrian regime, and benefiting from it, notably through investments in the real estate sector.

16.10.2012

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181.

Suleiman AL ABBAS

Gender: male

Former Oil and Mineral Resources Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

182.

Kamal Eddin TU'MA

Date of birth: 1959;

Gender: male

Former Industry Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

183.

Kinda AL‐SHAMMAT (a.k.a. Shmat)

Date of birth: 1973;

Gender: female

Former Social Affairs Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

184.

Hassan HIJAZI

Date of birth: 1964;

Gender: male

Former Minister for Labour in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

185.

Ismael ISMAEL (a.k.a. Ismail Ismail; or Isma'Il Isma'il)

Date of birth: 1955;

Gender: male

Former Finance Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

186.

Dr. Khodr ORFALI (a.k.a. Khud/Khudr; Urfali/Orphaly)

Date of birth: 1956;

Gender: male

Former Economy and Foreign Trade Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

187.

Samir Izzat Qadi AMIN

Date of birth: 1966;

Gender: male

Former Internal Trade and Consumer Protection Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

188.

Bishr Riyad YAZIGI

Date of birth: 1972;

Gender: male

Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad. Former Minister of Tourism. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

189.

Dr. Malek () ALI () (a.k.a. Malik Ali)

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Tartous, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Higher Education Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

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190.

Hussein ARNOUS (a.k.a. Arnus) (حسين عرنوس)

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Idleb, Syria;Gender: male

Prime Minister. Appointed in August 2020.

As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

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191.

Dr. Hassib Elias SHAMMAS (a.k.a. Hasib)

Date of birth: 1957;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

24.6.2014

192.

Hashim Anwar AL‐AQQAD

(a.k.a. Hashem Aqqad, Hashem Akkad, Hashim Akkad)

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Mohagirine, Syria;

Gender: male

Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in Anwar Akkad Sons Group (AASG) and its subsidiary United Oil. AASG is a conglomerate with interests in sectors such as oil, gas, chemicals, insurance, industrial machinery, real estate, tourism, exhibitions, contracting, insurance and medical equipment.

Hashim Anwar al‐Aqqad also worked as a member of the Syrian Parliament as recently as 2012.

Hashim Anwar Al‐Aqqad could not have remained successful without assistance from the regime. Given the extent of his business and political ties to the regime, he provides support to and benefits from the Syrian regime.

23.7.2014

193.

Suhayl (a.k.a. Sohail, Suhail, Suheil) HASSAN (a.k.a. Hasan, al‐Hasan, al‐Hassan) known as ‘The Tiger’ (a.k.a. al‐Nimr)

Date of birth: 1970;

Place of birth: Jableh, Latakia Province, Syria;

Rank: Major‐General;

Position: Commander of Qawat al‐Nimr (Division 25 Special Mission Forces, formerly known as Tiger Forces);

Gender: male

Officer of the rank of Major‐General in the Syrian Army after May 2011. Commander of army division known as ‘Tiger Forces’. Since August 2019, ‘Tiger Forces’ has been renamed ‘Division 25 Special Mission Forces’ and placed under the army’s central command. Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

23.7.2014

194.

Amr ARMANAZI

(a.k.a. Amr Muhammad Najib al‐Armanazi, Amr Najib Armanazi, Amrou al‐Armanazy)

Date of birth: 7.2.1944;

Gender: male

Director‐General of the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), responsible for providing support to the Syrian army for the acquisition of equipment used for the surveillance and repression of demonstrators. Also responsible for the development and production of non‐conventional weapons, including chemical weapons, and the missiles to deliver them.

Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population; supports the Syrian regime.

23.7.2014

199.

Bayan BITAR

(a.k.a. Dr. Bayan al‐Bitar)

Date of birth: 8.3.1947;

Address: P.O. Box 11037, Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Managing Director of the Organisation for Technological Industries (OTI), and the Syrian Company for Information Technology (SCIT), which are both subsidiaries of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, which has been designated by the Council. OTI assists in the production of chemical weapons for the Syrian regime. As Managing Director of OTI and the SCIT, Bayan Bitar provides support to the Syrian regime. Due to his role in the production of chemical weapons, he also shares responsibility for the violent repression of the Syrian population. In view of his senior position in these entities, he is also associated with the designated entities OTI and SCIT.

7.3.2015

200.

Brigadier General Ghassan ABBAS

Date of birth: 10.3.1960;

Place of birth: Homs, Syria;

Address: CERS, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique (a.k.a. SSRC, Scientific Studies and Research Centre; Centre de Recherche de Kaboun Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria)

Gender: male

Manager of the branch of the designated Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC/CERS) near Jumraya/Jmraiya. He has been involved in the proliferation of chemical weapons and the organisation of chemical weapons attacks, including in Ghouta in August 2013. He therefore shares responsibility for the violent repression of the Syrian population. As manager of the SSRC/CERS branch near Jumraya/Jmraiya, Ghassan Abbas provides support to the Syrian regime. As a result of his senior position in the SSRC, he is also associated with the designated entity SSRC.

7.3.2015

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201.

██████

██████

██████

██████ ██████

██████

██████

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202.

Hassan SAFIYEH

(a.k.a. Hassan Safiye)

Date of birth: 1949;

Place of birth: Latakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

21.10.2014

203.

George HASWANI

(a.k.a. Heswani; Hasawani; Al Hasawani)

Address: Damascus Province, Yabroud, Al Jalaa St, Syria;

Gender: male

Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in the engineering, construction and oil and gas sectors. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in a number of companies and entities in Syria, in particular HESCO Engineering and Construction Company, a major engineering and construction company.

7.3.2015

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204.

Emad HAMSHO

(a.k.a. Imad Hmisho; Hamchu; Hamcho; Hamisho; Hmeisho; Hemasho, حميشو)

(حمشو عماد)

Address: Hamsho Building 31 Baghdad Street, Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Occupies a senior management position in Hamsho Trading. As a result of his senior position in Hamsho Trading, a subsidiary of Hamsho International, which has been designated by the Council, he provides support to the Syrian regime. He is also associated with a designated entity, Hamsho International. He is also vice-president of the Syrian Council of Iron and Steel alongside designated regime businessmen such as Ayman Jaber. He is also an associate of President Bashar al-Assad.

7.3.2015

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206.

Major General Muhamad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad) MAHALLA () (a.k.a. Mahla, Mualla, Maalla, Muhalla)

Date of birth: 1960;

Place of birth: Jableh, Syria;

Gender: male

Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Former head of the Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI), Branch 293 (Internal Affairs), since April 2015. Responsible for repression of and violence against the civilian population in Damascus/Damascus Countryside. Former Deputy Head of Political Security (2012), Officer of the Syrian Republican Guard and Vice‐Director of the Political Security Directorate. Former head of Military Police, Member of the National Security Bureau.

29.5.2015

207.

Adib SALAMEH

(a.k.a. Adib Salamah; Adib Salama; Adib Salame; Mohammed Adib Salameh; Adib Nimr Salameh)

()

Position: Major General, Deputy Director of Air Force Intelligence Directorate in Damascus;

Gender: male

Member of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011; Deputy Director of the Air Force Intelligence Directorate in Damascus; previously Head of Air Force Intelligence in Aleppo.

Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; holds the rank of Major General.

Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, through the planning of and involvement in military assaults in Aleppo and authority over the arrest and detention of civilians.

28.10.2016

208.

Adnan Aboud HILWEH

(a.k.a. Adnan Aboud Helweh; Adnan Aboud)

()

Position: Brigadier General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Brigadier General of 155 Brigade and 157 Brigade in the Syrian Army in post after May 2011.

As the Brigadier General of 155 Brigade and 157 Brigade, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including through his responsibility for the deployment and use of missile and chemical weapons in civilian areas in 2013 and involvement in large scale detentions.

28.10.2016

209.

Jawdat Salbi MAWAS

(a.k.a. Jawdat Salibi Mawwas; Jawdat Salibi Mawwaz)

()

Position: Major General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer in the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011.

As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate, he is responsible for violent repression of the civilian population, including the use of missiles and chemical weapons by Brigades under his command in highly populated civilian areas in Ghouta in 2013.

28.10.2016

210.

Tahir () Hamid () KHALIL () (a.k.a. Tahir Hamid Khali; Khalil Tahir Hamid)

Position: Major General;

Gender: male

Holds the ranks of Major General, Head of the Syrian Artillery and Missiles Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population, including the deployment of missiles and chemical weapons by Brigades under his command in highly populated civilian areas in Ghouta in 2013.

28.10.2016

211.

Hilal HILAL (a.k.a. Hilal al‐Hilal) ()

Date of birth: 1966;

Gender: male

Member of the regime‐affiliated militias known as ‘Kataeb al‐Baath’ (the Baath Party militia). Vice‐Chairman of the Baath Party. Supports the Syrian regime through his role in the recruitment and organisation of the Baath Party militia.

28.10.2016

212.

Ammar AL‐SHARIF

(a.k.a. Amar al‐Sharif; Amar al‐Charif; Ammar Sharif; Ammar Charif; Ammar al Shareef; Ammar Sherif; Ammar Medhat Sherif)

()

Date of birth: 26.6.1969;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Nationality: Syrian;

Syrian Passport:

- number: 010312413;

- issue number: 002‐15‐L093534;

- date of issue: 14.7.2015;

- place of issue: Damascus‐Centre;

- date of expiry: 13.7.2021;

National number: 060‐10276707;

Gender: male

Associated with a member of the Makhlouf family (brother‐in‐law of Rami Makhlouf).

28.10.2016

213.

Bishr AL‐SABBAN

(a.k.a. Mohammed Bishr al‐Sabban; Bishr Mazin al‐Sabban)

Date of birth: 1966;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Governor of Damascus, who was appointed by, and is associated with, President Bashar al‐Assad. Supports the Syrian regime and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including engaging in discriminatory practices against Sunni communities within the capital.

28.10.2016

214.

Ahmad Sheik ABDUL‐QADER

(a.k.a. Ahmad Sheikh Abdul Qadir; Ahmad al‐Sheik Abdulquader)

()

Gender: male

Former Governor of Quneitra, associated with and appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad. Previously Governor of Latakia. Supports and benefits from the Syrian regime, including by public support for the Syrian Armed Forces and pro‐regime militia.

28.10.2016

215.

Dr. Ghassan Omar KHALAF

()

Gender: male

Former Governor of Hama, who was appointed by, and is associated with, President Bashar al‐Assad. He also supports and benefits from the Syrian regime. Ghassan Omar Khalaf is closely associated with members of a regime‐affiliated militia in Hama known as the Hama Brigade.

28.10.2016

216.

Khayr al‐Din AL‐SAYYED

(a.k.a. Khayr al‐Din Abdul‐Sattar al‐Sayyed; Mohamed Khair al‐Sayyed; Kheredden al‐Sayyed; Khairuddin as‐Sayyed; Khaireddin al‐Sayyed; Kheir Eddin al‐Sayyed; Kheir Eddib Asayed)

()

Gender: male

Former Governor of Idlib, associated with and appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad. Benefits from and supports the Syrian regime, including by providing support for Syrian Armed Forces and pro‐regime militia. Associated with the regime’s Minister of Awqaf, Dr. Mohammad Abdul‐Sattar al‐Sayyed, who is his brother.

28.10.2016

▼M53

217.

Atef NADDAF

()

Date of birth: 1956;

Place of birth: Damascus countryside, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

218.

Hussein MAKHLOUF

(a.k.a. Makhluf)

()

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Minister of local Administration and environment.

Former Governor of Damascus Governorate.

As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

Cousin of Rami Makhlouf.

14.11.2016

▼M52

219.

Ali AL‐ZAFIR

()

Date of birth: 1962;

Place of birth: Tartus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Communications and Technology. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M53

220.

Ali GHANEM

()

Date of birth: 1963;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister for Petroleum and Mineral Resources.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M52

221.

Mohammed (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammad) Ramez TOURJMAN (a.k.a. Tourjuman)

()

Date of birth: 1966;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Information. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M53

222.

Mohammed (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammad) AL-AHMED (a.k.a. al-Ahmad)

()

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Culture Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

223.

Ali HAMOUD

(a.k.a. Hammoud)

()

Date of birth: 1964;

Place of birth: Tartus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Transport Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

224.

Mohammed Zuhair (a.k.a. Zahir) KHARBOUTLI

()

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Electricity Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

225.

Maamoun (a.k.a. Ma’moun) HAMDAN

()

Date of birth: 1958;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Finance Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M52

226.

Nabil AL‐HASAN (a.k.a. al‐Hassan)

()

Date of birth: 1963;

Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Water Resources.

Appointed in July 2016.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

227.

Ahmad AL‐HAMU (a.k.a. al‐Hamo)

()

Date of birth: 1947;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

228.

Abdullah AL‐GHARBI (a.k.a. al‐Qirbi)

()

Date of birth: 1962;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection.

Appointed in July 2016.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M53

229.

Abdullah ABDULLAH

()

Date of birth: 1956;

Gender: male

Former State Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

230.

Salwa ABDULLAH

()

Date of birth: 1953;

Place of birth: Quneitra, Syria;

Gender: female

Minister of social affairs and labour. Appointed in August 2020.

Former State Minister.

As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

231.

Rafe’a Abu SA’AD (a.k.a. Saad)

()

Date of birth: 1954;

Place of birth: Habran village, Sweida province, Syria;

Gender: male

Former State Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

▼M52

232.

Wafiqa HOSNI

()

Date of birth: 1952;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: female

State Minister.

Appointed in July 2016.

As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

233.

Rima AL‐QADIRI (a.k.a. al‐Kadiri)

()

Date of birth: 1963;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: female

Minister for Social Affairs (since August 2015).

As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

14.11.2016

234.

Duraid DURGHAM

Gender: male

Former Governor of the Central Bank of Syria.

Was responsible for providing economic and financial support to the Syrian regime through his functions as the Governor of the Central Bank of Syria, which is also listed.

14.11.2016

235.

Ahmad BALLUL

(a.k.a. Ahmad Muhammad Ballul; Ahmed Balol)

Date of birth: 10.10.1954;

Rank: Major General; Commander of the Syrian Arab Air Force and Air Defence Forces;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the Syrian Arab Air and Air Defence Forces, in post after May 2011.

Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population, including the use of chemical weapons attacks by the Syrian regime identified in the report of the Joint Investigative Mechanism.

21.3.2017

236.

Saji' DARWISH

(a.k.a. Saji Jamil Darwish; Sajee Darwish; Sjaa Darwis)

()

Date of birth: 11.1.1957;

Rank: Major General, Syrian Arab Air Force;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and former Commander of the 22nd Division of the Syrian Arab Air Force, in post after May 2011.

Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force and Commander of the 22nd Division until April 2017 he holds responsibility for the use of chemical weapons by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 22nd Division, including the attack on Talmenes that the Joint Investigative Mechanism reported was conducted by Hama airfield‐based regime helicopters.

21.3.2017

237.

Muhammed IBRAHIM

Date of birth: 5.8.1964;

Rank: Brigadier General; Deputy Commander of Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade at Hama airfield;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Brigadier General, a senior officer and Deputy Commander of the Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade, in post after May 2011.

Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force during the period investigated by the Joint Investigative Mechanism and as Deputy Commander of the 63rd Brigade from March to December 2015, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population through the use of chemical weapons by the 63rd Brigade in Talmenes (21.4.2014), Qmenas (16.3.2015) and Sarmin (16.3.2015).

21.3.2017

238.

Badi' MU'ALLA

Date of birth: 1961;

Place of birth: Bistuwir, Jablah, Syria;

Rank: Brigadier General; Commander of Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Brigadier General, a senior officer and Commander of 63rd Brigade of the Syrian Arab Air Force, in post after May 2011.

Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as Commander of the 63rd Brigade during the period investigated by the Joint Investigative Mechanism, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population through the use of chemical weapons by the 63rd Brigade in Talmenes (21.4.2014), Qmenas (16.3.2015) and Sarmin (16.3.2015).

21.3.2017

▼M53

239.

Hisham Mohammad Mamdouh AL‐SHA’AR

(هشام محمد ممدوح الشعار)

Date of birth: 1958;

Place of birth: Damascus, Syria;

Gender: male

Former Justice Minister.

As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.

30.5.2017

▼M52

240.

Mohammad Samer Abdelrahman AL‐KHALIL

Gender: male

Economy and Foreign Trade Minister. Appointed in March 2017.

30.5.2017

▼M57

241.

Salam Mohammad AL-SAFFAF

Date of birth: 1979;

Gender: female

Administrative Development Minister. Appointed in March 2017.

30.5.2017

▼M52

242.

Samir DABUL

(a.k.a. Samir Daaboul)

Date of birth: 4.9.1965;

Rank: Brigadier General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Brigadier General, in post after May 2011.

As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population and involved in the storage and deployment of chemical weapons. He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.

18.7.2017

243.

Ali WANUS

(a.k.a. Ali Wannous)

()

Date of birth: 5.2.1964;

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, in post after May 2011.

As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population and involved in the storage and deployment of chemical weapons.

He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.

18.7.2017

244.

Yasin Ahmad DAHI

(a.k.a. Yasin Dahi; Yasin Dhahi)

()

Date of birth: 1960;

Rank: Brigadier General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Brigadier General in the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. Senior officer within the Military Intelligence Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces. Former head of Military Intelligence Branch 235 in Damascus and Military Intelligence in Homs. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population.

18.7.2017

245.

Muhammad Yousef HASOURI

(a.k.a. Mohammad Yousef Hasouri; Mohammed Yousef Hasouri)

()

Rank: Brigadier General;

Gender: male

Brigadier General Muhammad Hasouri is a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011. He holds the position as Chief of Staff of Air Force Brigade 50 and Deputy Commander of the Shayrat Airbase. Brigadier General Muhammad Hasouri operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.

18.7.2017

246.

Malik HASAN

(a.k.a. Malek Hassan)

()

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the 22nd Division of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011.

As a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force and in the chain of command of the 22nd Division, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including the use of chemical weapons by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 22nd Division, such as the attack on Talmenas that the Joint Investigative Mechanism established by the United Nations reported was conducted by Hama airfield‐based regime helicopters.

18.7.2017

247.

Jayyiz Rayyan AL‐MUSA

(a.k.a. Jaez Sawada al‐Hammoud al‐Mousa; Jayez al‐Hammoud al‐Moussa)

()

Date of birth: 1954;

Place of birth: Hama, Syria;

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Governor of Hasaka, appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad; he is associated with President Bashar al‐Assad.

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and former Chief of Staff of the Syrian Air Force.

As a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including the use of chemical weapons attacks by the Syrian regime during his tenure as Chief of Staff of the Syrian Air Force, as identified in the report of the Joint Investigative Mechanism established by the United Nations.

18.7.2017

248.

Mayzar 'Abdu SAWAN

(a.k.a. Meezar Sawan)

()

Date of birth: 1954;

Rank: Major General;

Gender: male

Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the 20th Division of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011.

As a senior officer in the Syrian air force he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population including attacks against civilian areas by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 20th Division.

18.7.2017

▼M49 —————

▼M52

250.

Mohammad Safwan KATAN

(a.k.a. Mohammad Safwan Qattan)

()

Gender: male

Mohammad Safwan Katan is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. Mohammad Safwan Katan has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria.

He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.

18.7.2017

251.

Mohammad () Ziad () GHRIWATI ()

(a.k.a. Mohammad Ziad Ghraywati)

Gender: male

Mohammad Ziad Ghriwati is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria.

He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.

18.7.2017

252.

Mohammad Darar KHALUDI

(a.k.a. Mohammad Darar Khloudi)

()

Gender: male

Mohammad Darar Khaludi is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria.

He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.

18.7.2017