14.6.2016   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 212/5

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Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, which states that the Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities;

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The Paris Declaration, adopted on 17 March 2015 (1), which highlights the importance of ‘strengthening children’s and young people’s ability to think critically and exercise judgement so that, particularly in the context of the internet and social media, they are able to grasp realities, to distinguish fact from opinion, to recognise propaganda and to resist all forms of indoctrination and hate speech’;

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The ET2020 Joint Report of 15 December 2015 (2), which designates the follow-up to the Paris Declaration as a key priority in the new work cycle (2015-2020) through ‘joint analysis, peer learning, meetings, dissemination of good practices and concrete measures underpinned by funding’;

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The Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, of 24 February 2016 on promoting socioeconomic development and inclusiveness in the EU through education (3), which contains the commitment ‘to enhance young people’s digital and media literacy as well as their ability to think critically, along with their social skills and citizenship competences’;

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The Recommendation of the European Parliament and the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning (4), which identifies as key competences that all citizens should acquire: ‘digital competence’, which requires ‘a critical and reflective attitude towards available information and a responsible use of the interactive media’; ‘social and civic competences’ which include the ability to ‘understand different viewpoints’ and ‘a readiness to respect the values of others’; and ‘cultural awareness and expression’ which encompass ‘a sense of identity as the basis for an open attitude towards and respect for diversity’;

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The Council conclusions of November 2012 on the European strategy for a Better internet for Children (5), which underline that ‘the education sector as well as parents have an important role to play in helping children to exploit opportunities offered by the internet in a beneficial and creative way, as well as identify and deal with risks encountered on the internet and that teachers and parents themselves need support and training not only to keep up with the fast and unpredictable changes in children’s virtual lives, but also the constantly evolving new technologies’;

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The Commission communication of January 2014 on preventing radicalisation to terrorism and violent extremism (6), which singles out ‘closer cooperation with civil society and private sector to address challenges faced online and stepping up efforts to encourage young people to think critically about extremist messages’ among the main actions to be taken to prevent radicalisation;

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The Council conclusions of November 2014 on European Audiovisual Policy in the Digital Era (7), which invite the Commission and the Member States to ‘promote good practices and research on the inclusion of media literacy in formal education and training, as well as in non-formal and informal learning’;

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The conclusions of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, on the role of the youth sector in an integrated and cross-sectoral approach to preventing and combating violent radicalisation of young people, which invite the Member States and the Commission to support young people in ‘countering extremist influences on the internet and in social media and in developing critical thinking and the relevant knowledge, skills and competences to understand the different sources and agendas behind the information provided, including propaganda and hate speech’ (8);

1.

Encourage sufficient attention to be paid to developing media literacy and critical thinking in education and training at all levels, including through citizenship and media education.

2.

Seek to increase digital competence levels among learners of all ages, in a lifelong learning perspective, as an important precondition for strengthening their ability to participate actively in the democratic life of our modern societies as well as for enhancing their employability.

3.

Consider using, alongside national frameworks and tools, the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens, the Council of Europe’s Framework of Competences of Democratic Culture and the Unesco Global Media and Information Literacy Assessment Framework.

4.

Encourage socially safe learning environments, both online and offline, in which controversial issues can be openly discussed and freedom of speech preserved, and empower teaching staff to initiate and moderate such discussions.

5.

Support teaching staff and school leaders at all levels of education and training in developing through initial training and continuous professional development their own digital competence, as well as the pedagogical skills needed to use new technologies and open educational resources in their teaching and to address the issues of media literacy and critical thinking in an effective manner with learners of all ages and backgrounds.

6.

Engage with parents and other stakeholders in society at large, with a view to reducing the digital gap between generations and fostering a shared culture of dialogue and mutual understanding.

7.

Reinforce dialogue, cooperation and partnerships between the education and training sector and the media sector — including journalists — as well as all other relevant stakeholders, including civil society and youth organisations, given that the effective development of media literacy and critical thinking calls for a multi-disciplinary approach and recalling the important role that non-formal and informal learning can play in this regard.

8.

Encourage innovative, creative and participative ways of developing media literacy and critical thinking in education and training, for instance by carrying out research and by exploring the potential that culture and arts, intercultural approaches and school media production can offer, as a means of strengthening openness towards other cultures and active citizenship.

1.

In the context of the ET2020 strategic framework, continue to promote peer learning, including through the collection and dissemination of good practices in the field of media literacy and critical thinking, while paying special attention to effectively reaching out to disadvantaged learners and those at risk of marginalisation.

2.

Ensure policy coherence at EU level in the area of media literacy, so that the expert work being carried out in the various relevant policy areas, such as education, youth, culture and audiovisual policy, as well as in the area of counter-terrorism, is complementary, while taking into account the specificities of the education and training sector.

3.

Support efforts to equip teaching staff with the skills and tools needed to address the issues of media literacy and critical thinking in an effective manner with learners of all ages and backgrounds, inter alia, by using the School Education Gateway and by promoting peer-to-peer learning via the e-Twinning platform.

4.

Continue to cooperate with, and take into account the work done by, other multilateral fora, such as the Council of Europe (12), Unesco and the OECD, since the challenges cross borders and affect countries both inside and outside the European Union.

5.

Encourage use of the funding opportunities offered by all relevant EU funds and programmes — notably Erasmus+, the Connecting Europe Facility, the European Structural and Investment Funds, Horizon 2020, Creative Europe and Europe for Citizens — to support these efforts.